Arsenic induced bladder cancer

Course Advisor:Professor Li-Te Chin

Speaker: Mezbahul Haque

Date: 2014.01.13

NATIONAL CHIAYI UNIVERSITY

Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Biopharmaceuticals

Arsenic is classified as a semi-metallic (metalloid) element. Its symbol As and atomic number 33. Arsenic occurs in many minerals and also as a pure elemental

crystal. It can exist in various allotropes, although only the gray form

has important use in industry.

What is Arsenic?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenic

1. Arsenic is used in weed killers, and pesticides (poison for pests like mice/bugs), and other poisons 2. Arsenic can be used as a semi-conducter (Like boron) 3. Arsenic can be used in medical treatments (such as arsenic trioxide) 4. Arsenic is used as a wood preservative 5. Arsenic is used for alloying with copper and lead to form various useful materials.

6. Until recently arsenic was used in optical glass. Modern glass manufacturers, under pressure from environmentalists, have removed it, along with lead.

7. The potent human carcinogen arsenic has been known to turn up in everything from rice to cereal to juice.

Arsenic in our daily life

Study found that over 137 million people in more than 70 countries are probably affected by arsenic poisoning from drinking water

Symptoms of arsenic poisoning vary with the type and concentration of the poison; inorganic arsenic may cause abdominal pains, destruction of red blood cells (hemolysis ), shock, and death quickly, while lower concentrations and occasionally organic arsenic cause far less severe symptoms.

Diagnosis of arsenic poisoning is made by determining inorganic and organic levels of arsenic in the blood and urine.

Arsenic is a poisonous chemical often used in herbicides and pesticides and is classified as a Class 1 carcinogen, meaning it is highly toxic to humans.

http://vegetarian.about.com/od/healthnutrition/f/arsenic.htm

Arsenic poisoning

According to the EPA, "arsenic has been linked to cancer of the bladder, lungs, skin, kidney, nasal passages, liver, and prostate".

These signs and symptoms: Blood in the urine (slightly rusty to bright red in color). Frequent urination. Pain during urination. Lower back pain.

The following tests and procedures may be used: Physical exam and history : Internal exam : Urinalysis : Urine cytology : Cystoscopy : Intravenous pyelogram (IVP): Biopsy : http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/bladder/patient

Arsenic and bladder cancer

The prognosis (chance of recovery) depends on the following: The stage of the cancer (whether it is superficial or invasive bladder

cancer, and whether it has spread to other places in the body). Bladder cancer in the early stages can often be cured.

The type of bladder cancer cells and how they look under a microscope.

Whether there is carcinoma in situ in other parts of the bladder. The patient’s age and general health. If the cancer is superficial, prognosis also depends on the following: How many tumors there are. The size of the tumors. Whether the tumor has recurred (come back) after treatment. Treatment options depend on the stage of bladder cancer.

Certain factors affect prognosis and treatment options.

Treatment involves removal of arsenic by dialysis, chelating agents, replacement of red blood cells, and if ingested, bowel cleansing.

Acute toxic inorganic arsenic poisoning has only a fair to poor outcome; chronic poisoning has a better outcome.

Arsenic is found in groundwater, many chemicals, and foods. If arsenic is in the organic form, it is likely nontoxic or

weakly toxic to humans, but inorganic arsenic can also be found in similar locations and materials and in high concentrations in industrial processes.

In 2013, the FDA made recommendations that less than 10 parts per billion of arsenic was acceptable for levels in apple juice. Levels for arsenic have yet to be FDA approved for rice (still under study), although groundwater levels that provide arsenic to rice are FDA set at less than 10 parts per billion.

Treatment pathway or precaution

Phenanthriplatin: a monofunctional DNA-binding

platinum anticancer drug candidate.

Monofunctional platinum(II)

complexes of general formula

cis-[Pt(NH3)2(N-heterocycle)

Cl]Cl bind DNA at a single site,

inducing little distortion in the

double helix. These compounds

display significant antitumor properties, with a different

spectrum of activity than that of classic bifunctionalcross-linking

agents like cisplatin.

Products

Development of Unique Monofunctional Platinum(II) Compounds. Crystallographic Characterization of Monofunctional Pt(II)

Compounds. Phenanthriplatin, the Most Potent Monofunctional Pt(II) Compound

and Its Antiproliferative Effects in a Panel of Human Cancer Cell Lines.

Reactivity with 5′-Deoxyguanosine Monophosphate and N-Acetyl Methionine.

Ethidium Bromide DNA-Binding Competition Studies. Transcription Inhibition of Monofunctional Pt-DNA Adducts in Live

Mammalian Cells.

1. Can find any Biomarkers with special focus exclusively on diagnosis.

2. Find any other convenient treatment method that can be more effective and have less side effect.

3. Can know other factors that directly or indirectly involve to causing human bladder cancer.

4. Can suggest for new drug that are more effective to inhibit the cancer cell growth.

Possibility to find out