Supplemental materials

Figure 1. Patient selection and grouping. TEE indicates Transesophageal echocardiography

Table S1

Bubble numbers during TEE with agitated saline contrast

Resting statep value*

Valsalva maneuverp value†

Extra-cardiac shunt Intra-cardiac shunt Extra-cardiac shunt Intra-cardiac shunt

Grade 0 1 (4.8%) 43 (57.3%) <0.001 7 (33.3%) 0 <0.001

Grade 1 5 (23.8%) 16 (21.3%) 0.808 7 (33.3%) 15 (20.0%) 0.199

Grade 2 3 (14.3%) 7 (9.3%) 0.511 2 (9.5%) 20 (26.7%) 0.099

Grade 3 12 (57.1%) 9 (12.0%) <0.001 6 (28.6%) 40 (53.3%) 0.045

Values are expressed as number (column %).