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Supplementary information
Social impact assessment in the mining sector: Review and comparison of indicators frameworks
Lucia Mancini1, Serenella Sala2
1 European Commission Joint Research Centre, Directorate D: Sustainable Resources, Land Resources Unit2 European Commission Joint Research Centre, Directorate D: Sustainable Resources, Bio-Economy Unit
Content
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1. Sample of studies selected for the review: main features.............................................................2
2. Global Reporting Initiative Indicators............................................................................................3
3. Comparisons of the reference list of impacts with indicators frameworks used in sustainability analysis................................................................................................................................................8
References.........................................................................................................................................22
1
1. Sample of studies selected for the review: main features
Figure 1 Features of the sample of studies selected for the literature review
2
2. Global Reporting Initiative IndicatorsTable 1S: Overview of social indicators included in the Global Reporting Initiative scheme (Global Reporting Initiative, 2013a, 2013b) and correspondent impacts from the literature review
ASPECT GRI INDICATORS (and codes) Sector Specific Indicator
Correspondent impact from literature review (abbreviation, as in table1 )
SUB-CATEGORY: LABOUR PRACTICES AND DECENT WORKEmployment G4-LA1 Total number and rates of new employee hires and employee
turnover by age group, gender, and regionI8 Employment
G4-LA2 Benefits provided to full-time employees that are not provided to temporary or part-time employees, by significant locations of operation
I8 Employment
G4-LA3 Return to work and retention rates after parental leave, by gender I8 EmploymentLabour/Management Relations
G4-LA4 Minimum notice periods regarding operational changes, including whether these are specified in collective agreements MM4 Number of strikes and lock-outs exceeding one week’s duration, by country
x I11 Child/forced labourI12 Lack of freedom
Occupational Health and Safety
G4-LA5 Percentage of total workforce represented in formal joint management–worker health and safety committees that help monitor and advise on occupational health and safety programs
I21 Working conditions
G4-LA6 Type of injury and rates of injury, occupational diseases, lost days, and absenteeism, and total number of work-related fatalities, by region and by gender
I21 Working conditions
G4-LA7 Workers with high incidence or high risk of diseases related to their occupation
I21 Working conditions
G4-LA8 Health and safety topics covered in formal agreements with trade unions
I21 Working conditions
Training and Education
G4-LA9 Average hours of training per year per employee by gender, and by employee category
I9 Skills and education
G4-LA10 Programs for skills management and lifelong learning that support the continued employability of employees and assist them in managing career endings
I9 Skills and education
G4-LA11 Percentage of employees receiving regular performance and career development reviews, by gender and by employee category
Diversity and Equal Opportunity
G4-LA12 Composition of governance bodies and breakdown of employees per employee category according to gender, age group, minority group membership, and other indicators of diversity
I27 Discrimination
Equal Remuneration for Women and Men
G4-LA13 Ratio of basic salary and remuneration of women to men by employee category, by significant locations of operation
I27 Discrimination
Supplier Assessment for Labour Practices
G4-LA14 Percentage of new suppliers that were screened using labor practices criteria
G4-LA15 Significant actual and potential negative impacts for labour practices in the supply chain and actions taken
Labour Practices Grievance Mechanisms
G4-LA16 Number of grievances about labour practices filed, addressed, and resolved through formal grievance mechanisms
I11 Poor working conditions
3
SUB-CATEGORY: HUMAN RIGHTSInvestment G4-HR1 Total number and percentage of significant investment
agreements and contracts that include human rights clauses or that underwent human rights screening
I24 Human rights
G4-HR2 Total hours of employee training on human rights policies or procedures concerning aspects of human rights that are relevant to operations, including the percentage of employees trained
I24 Human rights
Non-discrimination
G4-HR3 Total number of incidents of discrimination and corrective actions taken
I27 Discrimination
Freedom ofAssociationand CollectiveBargaining
G4-HR4 Operations and suppliers identified in which the right to exercise freedom of association and collective bargaining may be violated or at significant risk, and measures taken to support these rights
I12 Lack of freedom
Child Labour G4-HR5 Operations and suppliers identified as having significant risk for incidents of child labour, and measures taken to contribute to the effective abolition of child labour
I10 Child/forced labour
Forced or Compulsory Labour
G4-HR6 Operations and suppliers identified as having significant risk for incidents of forced or compulsory labour, and measures to contribute to the elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labour
I10 Child/forced labour
Security Practices G4-HR7 Percentage of security personnel trained in the organization’s human rights policies or procedures that are relevant to operations
Indigenous Rights G4-HR8 Total number of incidents of violations involving rights of indigenous peoples and actions taken
I28 Indigenous rights
MM5 Total number of operations taking place in or adjacent to indigenous peoples’ territories, and number and percentage of operations or sites where there are formal agreements with indigenous peoples’ communities
x I28 Indigenous rights
Assessment G4-HR9 Total number and percentage of operations that have been subject to human rights reviews or impact assessments
I24 Human rights
Supplier Human Rights Assessment
G4-HR10 Percentage of new suppliers that were screened using human rights criteria G4-HR11 Significant actual and potential negative human rights impacts in the supply chain and actions taken
Human Rights Grievance Mechanisms
G4-HR12 Number of grievances about human rights impacts filed, addressed, and resolved through formal grievance mechanisms
SUB-CATEGORY: SOCIETYLocal Communities
G4-SO1 Percentage of operations with implemented local community engagement, impact assessments, and development programs
I26 Stakeholder inclusion
G4-SO2 Operations with significant actual or potential negative impacts on local communities
I16 Expropriation/ displacementI17 Access to land
MM6 Number and description of significant disputes relating to land use, customary rights of local communities and indigenous peoples
x I16 Expropriation/ displacementI17 Access to land
MM7 The extent to which grievance mechanisms were used to resolve disputes relating to land use, customary rights of local communities and indigenous peoples, and the outcomes
x I16 Expropriation/ displacementI17 Access to land
Anti-corruption G4-SO3 Total number and percentage of operations assessed for risks related to corruption and the significant risks identified
I3 Bribery
G4-SO4 Communication and training on anti-corruption policies and procedures
I3 Bribery
G4-SO5 Total number and percentage of operations assessed for risks related to corruption and the significant risksidentified
I3 Bribery
Public Policy G4-SO6 Total value of political contributions by country and recipient/beneficiary
4
Anti-competitive behaviour
G4-SO7 Total number of legal actions for anti-competitive behaviour, anti-trust, and monopoly practices and their outcomes
Compliance G4-SO8 Monetary value of significant fines and total number of non-monetary sanctions for non-compliance with laws and regulations
Sector addition to G4 indicator
Supplier Assessment for Impacts on Society
G4-SO9 Percentage of new suppliers that were screened using criteria for impacts on society G4-SO10 Significant actual and potential negative impacts on society in the supply chain and actions taken
Grievance Mechanisms for Impacts on Society
G4-SO11 Number of grievances about impacts on society filed, addressed, and resolved through formal grievance mechanisms
I6 Social tensions
Emergency Preparedness*
This sector specific Aspect does not contain Indicators
Artisanal and Small-scale Mining*
MM8 Number (and percentage) of company operating sites where artisanal and small-scale mining (asm) takes place on, or adjacent to, the site; the associated risks and the actions taken to manage and mitigate these risks
x Key issue: Artisanal and small-scale and mining
Resettlement* MM9 Sites where resettlements took place, the number of households resettled in each, and how their livelihoods were affected in the process
x I16 Expropriation/displacement
Closure Planning*
MM10 Number and percentage of operations with closure plans Key issue: Mine closure
Materials Stewardship*
This sector specific Aspect does not contain Indicators.
SUB-CATEGORY: PRODUCT RESPONSIBILITYCustomer Health and Safety
G4PR1 Percentage of significant product and service categories for which health and safety impacts are assessed for improvement G4PR2 Total number of incidents of non-compliance with regulations and voluntary codes concerning the health and safety impacts of products and services during their life cycle, by type of outcomes G4PR3 Type of product and service information required by the organization’s procedures for product and service information and labelling, and percentage of significant product and service categories subject to such information requirements G4PR4 Total number of incidents of non-compliance with regulations and voluntary codes concerning product and service information and labelling, by type of outcomes G4PR5 Results of surveys measuring customer satisfactionG4PR6 Sale of banned or disputed products
G4PR7 Total number of incidents of non-compliance with regulations and voluntary codes concerning marketing communications, including advertising, promotion, and sponsorship, by type of outcomes G4PR8 Total number of substantiated complaints regarding breaches of customer privacy and losses of customer data G4PR9 Monetary value of significant fines for non-compliance with laws and regulations concerning the provision and use of products and services
Materials Stewardship*
This sector specific Aspect does not contain Indicators
OTHER INDICATORS IN THE ECONOMY CATEGORY Economic performance
G4EC1 Direct economic value generated and distributed I1 Income
Market Presence G4EC6 Proportion of senior management hired from the local community at significant locations of operation
I5 Low economic stimulus
5
Indirect Economic
Impacts G4EC7 Development and impact of infrastructure investments and services supported
I15 Infrastructures
G4EC8 Significant indirect economic impacts, including the extent of impacts
I2 Business I20 Inflation
*: Sector specific aspects
Table 2S List of studies selected from the literature and their characteristics
N°
Reference Category1 Affiliation2 Typology Geographical area of the study
Commodity Scale of the analysis
1 Azapagic 2004 P A Methodological n.a. n.a. Global2 Kitula 2006 P A Case study Tanzania Gold Local3 Solomon et al. 2008 P A Review Australia n.a. National4 Petkova-Timmer et al. 2009 P A Case study Australia n.a. Local5 Kotey & Rolfe 2014 P A Statistical analysis Australia n.a. Regional6 Fleming & Measham 2015 P A Statistical analysis Australia n.a. Regional7 Owen & Kemp 2015 P A Case study n.a. n.a. Global*8 IIED & WBCSD 2002 R ORI Methodological n.a. n.a. Global
9 Environmental Law Alliance Worldwide 2010 R NGO Methodological n.a. n.a. Global
10 Switzer 2001 R NGO Methodological n.a. n.a. Global11 Franks 2012 R A Methodological n.a. n.a. Global12 Hajkowicz et al. 2011 P ORI Statistical analysis Australia n.a. Regional
13 Esteves 2008 P A Case study Australia and South Africa n.a. Global
14 Tonts et al. 2012 P A Statistical analysis Australia n.a. Regional
15 Freudenburg & Wilson 2002 P A Statistical analysis United States n.a. Regional
16 Langton & Mazel 2015 P A Review Australia n.a. National17 Lockie et al. 2009 P A Case study Australia Coal Local18 Shandro et al. 2011 P A Case study Canada Coal Local19 McIntyre et al. 2016 P A Case study Mongolia Gold National20 Patrick & Bharadwaj 2016 P A Case study Peru n.a. Local21 Abuya 2016 P A Case study Kenya Titanium Local
22 Hilson 2002 P A Case study Papua New Guinea Copper, gold Global
23 Mensah & Okyere 2014 P A Case study Ghana Gold mining Local
24 Holden 2005 P A Case study Philippines Non-ferrous metals National
25 Lahiri-Dutt & Ahmad 2006 P ORI Case study India Coal Local26 Živković 2012 P A Review Serbia Lignite Local27 Kavouridis 2008 P A Review Greece Lignite National
28 Adler et al. 2007 P ORI Historical descriptive analysis South Africa Gold National
29 Weldegiorgis & Ali 2016 P A Statistical analysis Rwanda Tin Local30 Damigos & Kaliampakos 2006 P A Case study Greece Gold Local
31 Macdonald 2004a R NGO Case study Papua New Guinea Gold Local
32 Martin et al. 2005 R NGO Case study Philippines Gold and copper
Local
33 Macdonald & Southall 2005 R NGO Case study Philippines Copper Local34 Martin & Newell 2008 R NGO Case study Philippines Polymetallic Local35 Macdonald 2004b R NGO Case study Fiji Gold Local36 Veiga et al., 2001 P A Case study various Copper, etc Global*37 Wilson, 2004 P A Case study USA Copper, Lead Regional38 Aroca 2001 P A Statistical analysis Chile Copper Local
1 P: journal paper; R: report; O: other2 A: academic; NGO: Non-governmental organizations; ORI: other research institutes
6
39 Ejdemo & Söderholm 2011 P A Statistical analysis Sweden Iron ore Local40 Ivanova & Rolfe 2011 P A Statistical analysis Australia Coal Regional41 Kumah, 2006 P A Review Ghana Gold Global42 Stilwell et al., 2000 P A Statistical analysis South Africa Gold, coal National43 Corno and de Walque, 2012 O ORI Statistical analysis South Africa n.a. National44 Ticci and Escobal, 2015 Report A Statistical analysis Peru n.a. Regional45 Oyarzún and Oyarzún, 2011 P A Case study Chile Copper National46 Schueler et al., 2011 P A Case study Ghana Gold Local47 Jul-Larsen et al., 2006 report ORI Case study Mali Gold Regional48 Aragon and Rud, 2013 P A Case study Peru Gold Local49 Petrova and Marinova, 2013 O A Case study Australia n.a. Local50 MPFPR, 2016 R ORI Case study various n.a. Global*
7
3. Comparisons of the reference list of impacts with indicators frameworks used in sustainability analysis
Table 3S Correspondence of social impacts of mining detected in literature with objectives and indicators proposed in the different frameworks: UN Sustainable Development Goals, Global Reporting Initiative, EU policy (Better Regulation Toolbox, BR, and three impact assessment reports on a: Conflict Minerals; b: Shale Gas; c: Offshore extraction) and Social LCA databases. (*: partially covered aspects; U.D.: under development: NSS: non sector specific; +: sources refer to table 2S numbering)
Impacts in literature review Sources+
International context EU context Social LCA databasesUN SDG GRI BR a b c SHDB PSILCA
Economy, income and security
Positive impacts I1 Contribution to national and
local income; increase in export and GDP; poverty alleviation
2, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 29, 30, 32, 36, 38, 39, 40, 47, 48
1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere8.1 Sustain per capita economic growth in accordance with national circumstances
G4-EC1 Direct economic value generated and distributed
Income distribution and social inclusion
Livelihood in conflict zones
Increase in local economic activities
Contribution of the sector to economic development (U.D.)
I2 Business and employment opportunities in other sectors due to revitalized economy and markets
2, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 29, 30, 32, 36, 38, 39, 40
8.3 Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage the formalization and growth of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, including through access to financial services
G4-EC8 Significant indirect economic impacts, including the extent of impacts
Employment
Increase in related economic sectors
Positive impacts on tourism and fishery
Negative impacts I3 Bribery (to obtain licences and
permits or to sway judicial decision) and corruption (due
1, 8, 11, 32
16.5 Substantially reduce corruption and bribery in all their forms
Aspect: Anti-corruptionG4-SO3
Governance and good administrati
Overall risk of corruption (NSS)
Evidence of an active
8
Impacts in literature review Sources+
International context EU context Social LCA databasesUN SDG GRI BR a b c SHDB PSILCA
to bad management of mineral wealth)
Total number and percentage of operations assessed for risks related to corruption and the significant risks identified G4-SO4Communication and training on anti-corruptionpolicies and procedures G4-SO5Confirmed incidents of corruption and actions taken
on involvement of the enterprises in corruption and bribery
I4 Thefts and accidents in the mining community
2 16. Promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies
- Crime, terrorism and security
I5 Income inequality, low level of economic stimulus from mining due to the prevalence of non-resident workers
4, 6, 40, 42, 47
10. Reduce inequality within and among countries
G4-EC6* Proportion of senior management hired from the local community at significant locations of operation
Impacts on income distribution and inequalities
International migrant workers in the sector
Work force hired locally (U.D.)
I6 Conflicts and social tensions due to the inequitable distribution of benefits and costs with communities or to limited access to resources; conflicts between companies and illegal miners; politically motivated killings of anti-
8, 10, 21, 28, 29, 31, 34, 41, 45,
16.1 Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere
G4-SO11* Number of grievances about impacts on society filed, addressed, and resolved through formal grievance mechanism
Crime, terrorism and security
Overall risk for high conflicts – increased if risk exists at sector level (partially sector
Risk of conflict with regard to the sector (U.D.)
Descriptio
9
Impacts in literature review Sources+
International context EU context Social LCA databasesUN SDG GRI BR a b c SHDB PSILCA
mining activists 46, 50
specific data) n of potential material resource conflict (U.D.)
I7 Adverse economic outcome, increased poverty due to the loss of means of livelihood, government’s failure in reinvesting revenues from mining
5, 29, 34, 41
1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere
G4-EC1* Direct economic value generated and distributed
Income distribution and social inclusion
Risk of sector average wage being < minimum wage
Risk of sector average wage being < non-poverty guidelines
Sector average wage
Employment and education
Positive impacts
I8 Employment (direct and indirect to community and national economy)
1, 4, 11, 12, 17, 22, 29, 32, 36, 39, 40, 47, 48
8.3. Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage the formalization and growth of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, including through access to financial services
G4-LA1Total number and rates of new employee hires and employee turnover by age group, gender, and region G4-LA2Benefits provided to full-timeemployees that are not provided to temporary or part-timeemployees, by significant locations of operation G4-LA3Return to work and
Employment
EU employment
Jobs related impacts
Work force hired locally (U.D.)
10
Impacts in literature review Sources+
International context EU context Social LCA databasesUN SDG GRI BR a b c SHDB PSILCA
retention rates after parental leave, by gender
I9 Employee skill development and further education
1, 12, 36, 38, 44, 47
4.4. By 2030, substantially increase the number of youth and adults who have relevant skills, including technical and vocational skills, for employment, decent jobs and entrepreneurship
G4-LA9 Average hours of training per year per employee by gender, and by employee categoryG4-LA10 Programs for skills management and lifelong learning that support the continued employability of employees and assist them in managing career endings
Education
Negative impacts I10
Child labour, forced and compulsory labour
1, 2, 50
8.7. Take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end child labour in all its forms
G4-HR5 Operations and suppliers identified as having significant risk for incidents of child labour, and measures taken to contribute to the effective abolition of child labourG4-HR6 Operations and suppliers identified as having significant risk for incidents of forced or compulsory labour, and measures to contribute to the elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labour
Fundamental rights (rights of the child)
Risk of child labour in sector (mostly sector specific data)
Risk of forced labour by sector (mostly sector specific data)
Children in employment
Frequency of forced labour
11
Impacts in literature review Sources+
International context EU context Social LCA databasesUN SDG GRI BR a b c SHDB PSILCA
I11
Poor working conditions, low wages, sub-standard housing provided to workers, heath impacts for workers, fatalities and work related accidents
1, 2, 8, 9, 11, 35, 50
8.5. By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value8.8. Protect labour rights and promote safe and secure working environments for all workers, including migrant workers, in particular women migrants, and those in precarious employment
G4-LA5Percentage of total workforce represented in formal joint management–worker health and safety committees that help monitor and advise on occupational health and safety programs G4-LA6Type of injury and rates of injury, occupational diseases, lost days, and absenteeism, and total number of work-relatedfatalities, by region and by gender G4-LA7Workers with high incidence or high risk of diseases related to their occupation G4-LA8Health and safety topics covered in formal agreements with trade unions
Working conditions
Workers health and safety
Risk of fatal and non-fatal injuries in the sector
Risk of toxic noise levels (NSS)
Risk of occupational carcinogens (NSS)
Risk of occupational airborne particulates (NSS)
Risk of loss of life in the coal mining sector due to airborne particulates
Accident rate at workplace
Fatal accident at workplace (NSS)
Occupational risk (NSS)
DALY due to indoor and outdoor air and water pollution (NSS)
Presence of sufficient security measures
I12
Lack of freedom to organize in Trade Unions and non-conformity with the requirements of the International Labour Organization conventions
1, 50 8.12 By 2020, develop and operationalize a global strategy for youth employment and implement the Global Jobs Pact of the International Labour Organization
MM4 Number of strikes and lock-outs exceeding one week’s duration, by countryG4-HR4 Operations and suppliers identified in which
Fundamental rights (Right of collective bargaining and action)
Risk of not having freedom of association rights/collective bargaining rights/the
Trade union density
Right of association/right of collective
12
Impacts in literature review Sources+
International context EU context Social LCA databasesUN SDG GRI BR a b c SHDB PSILCA
the right to exercise freedom of association and collective bargaining may be violated or at significant risk, and measures taken to support these rights
right to strike (NSS)
bargaining/right to strike
I13
Creation of mostly temporary jobs in relation to permanent, low stability of jobs and the workforce
1 8: Promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth, employment and decent work for all
- Creation of mostly temporary jobs
I14
Increased unemployment, volatile employment due to dependency on minerals prices
15, 37, 47
8.3. Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage the formalization and growth of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, including through access to financial services
- Employment
Risk of unemployment in country/sector (partially sector specific data)
Unemployment rate in the country (NSS)
Land use and territorial aspects Positive impacts I15
Improved infrastructure, telecommunications, road network, power and water supplies, improved access to health and education
2, 11, 12, 22, 29, 32, 36, 38, 47
9.1. Basic infrastructure like roads, information and communication technologies, sanitation, electrical power and water remains scarce in many developing countries 6.1. 2.6 billion people have gained access to improved drinking water sources since 1990, but 663 million people
G4-EC7Development and impact of infrastructure investments and services supported
Risk of no access to an improved source of drinking water/sanitation (NSS)*
Risk that there are too
Drinking water coverage (NSS)
sanitation coverage (NSS)
13
Impacts in literature review Sources+
International context EU context Social LCA databasesUN SDG GRI BR a b c SHDB PSILCA
are still without few hospital beds to support population (NSS)*
Negative impacts I16
Expropriation, population displacement and resettlement (and consequent unemployment, landlessness, homelessness, loss of common resources, impoverishment of living standards), forceful acquisition of land
1, 2, 7, 8,
9, 11, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 29, 32, 35, 41, 46, 47, 50
1.4 By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance
G4-SO2Operations with significant actual or potential negative impacts on local communitiesMM6 Number and description of significant disputes relating to land use, customary rights of local communities and indigenous peoplesMM7 The extent to which grievance mechanisms were used to resolve disputes relating to land use, customary rights of local communities and indigenous peoples, and the outcomesMM9 Sites where resettlements took place, the number of households resettled in each, and how their livelihoods were affected in the process
Fundamental rights (property rights and right to conduct a business)
Land competition and consequential impact on land price (with twofold effect: increasing trend in the short term, and significant reduction of property and land values in the longer term)
Risk of conflicts with regard to the sector (U.D.) Description of potential material resource conflicts (U.D.)
I17
Limited access to land and consequent impact on livelihood, food insecurity, and loss of protected areas
2, 8, 9, 11,
22, 23, 41, 46, 50
2.3. By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in particular women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, including through secure and equal access to land, other productive resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities for value addition and non-farm
14
Impacts in literature review Sources+
International context EU context Social LCA databasesUN SDG GRI BR a b c SHDB PSILCA
employment
DemographyPositive impacts
I18
Positive impacts due to demographic change and population growth
5, 44, 49
Negative impacts I19
Population growth, migrant influx and gender imbalance in mining communities (and consequential alcoholism, drug and prostitution, domestic violence, sexual violence, change in social norms, culture and customs, migration, high school turnover)
2, 4, 9, 11,
13, 22, 29, 38, 43
I20
Inflation, rising cost and access of accommodation for workers other than mining; long-term population decline, low education levels, highly polarised income levels, dependence on mining for employment, and dominance of unskilled and semi-skilled positions.
4, 11, 13, 17, 22, 29, 31, 47, 48, 49
1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere; 4. Ensure inclusive and quality education for all and promote lifelong learning; 8. Promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth, employment and decent work for all
G4-EC8* Significant indirect economic impacts, including the extent of impacts
Environment, health and safety
Negative impacts I21
Reduced water supplies or water contamination, competition with other uses
19, 20, 28,
6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
G4-EN8 Total water withdrawal by sourceG4-EN9 Water
Preserving the quality of natural
Risks of surface and ground
Water damage for marine
Deathsdueto
Level of industrial water use
15
Impacts in literature review Sources+
International context EU context Social LCA databasesUN SDG GRI BR a b c SHDB PSILCA
(e.g. agriculture) and increased water scarcity
45 sources significantly affected by withdrawal of waterG4-EN10 Percentage and total volume of water recycled and reused
resources (e.g. water)
water contaminationRisks of water resource depletion
waters indoorandoutdoorairandwaterpollutionAccesstoImprovedDrinkingWater
DALYs due to indoor and outdoor water and air pollutionDrinking water coverage
I22
Negative health impacts in mining community; local population health and safety (e.g. damages caused to dwellings by explosive, mine related injuries during booming mine activities). Impacts related to boom-bust cycles (increases in pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections, HIV during bust times, mental health issues such as depression and anxiety; overarching community health issues prominent during both boom and bust periods include burdens to health and social services, family stress, violence towards women, etc.).
1, 18, 22, 29, 31, 33, 34, 38
3.3 By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases; 3.4 By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being; 3.5. Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol; 3.9. By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination
G4-DMA* Local communities (sector specific aspect)3
Health and safety
Public health
incident reduction (decreasing fatalities and injuries rates)
Set of 15 communicable diseases indicators; risk of mortality from communicable diseases (NSS)
risk of low life expectancy (NSS)
risk of under 5 mortality rate (NSS)
risk of undernourishment (NSS)
risk of 8 different non communicabl
Contribution of the sector to environmental load (U.D.)
3 This aspect does not contain indicators; to address this aspect, the company may use alternative indicators or develop their own indicator
16
Impacts in literature review Sources+
International context EU context Social LCA databasesUN SDG GRI BR a b c SHDB PSILCA
e diseases (NSS)
risk of mortality from non-communicable diseases (NSS)
I23
Environmental impacts affecting social conditions and health
2,8, 9, 11,
17, 18, 22, 29, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 41, 46, 50
3.9. By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination
- Fundamental rights (environmental protection)
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Risk of death due to air and water pollution (NSS)
Level of industrial water use, out of total withdrawal (NSS)
Human rights
Negative impacts I24
Human rights abuses 1, 8, 11, 24, 41, 50
16. Promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies
G4-HR1 Total number and percentage of significant investment agreements and contracts that include human rights clauses or that underwent human rights screeningG4-HR2 Total hours of employee training
Fundamental rights (dignity)
17
Impacts in literature review Sources+
International context EU context Social LCA databasesUN SDG GRI BR a b c SHDB PSILCA
on human rights policies or procedures concerning aspects of human rights that are relevant to operations, including the percentage of employees trainedG4-HR9 Total number and percentage of operations that have been subject to human rights reviews or impact assessmentsG4-HR10 Percentage of new suppliers that were screened using human rights criteriaG4-HR11 Significant actual and potential negative human rights impacts in the supply chain and actions taken
I25
Impact on cultural and aesthetic resources
9, 11, 22, 31
11.4 Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage
- Cultural heritage
I26
Lack of stakeholder inclusion and non- involvement of indigenous communities, lack of informed consensus and social acceptability
11, 7, 1, 22,
31, 32, 33, 50
16.7 Ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels
G4-SO1Percentage of operations with implemented local community engagement, impact assessments, and development programs
Fundamental rights (Gender equality, equality treatment and opportunities, non
Risk of country not adopting indigenous ILO convention and UN declaration (NSS)
Human rights issues faced by indigenous people (NSS)
18
Impacts in literature review Sources+
International context EU context Social LCA databasesUN SDG GRI BR a b c SHDB PSILCA
discrimination; cultural, religious and linguistic diversity)
I27
Unequal opportunities and discrimination (gender based, marginalization vulnerable groups, i.e. disabled, aged, ethnic minorities, indigenous, young)
11, 7, 1, 22,
25
5.1. End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere
G4-HR3 Total number of incidents of discrimination and corrective actions takenG4-LA12 Composition of governance bodies and breakdown of employees per employee category according to gender, age group, minority group membership, and other indicators of diversityG4-LA13 Ratio of basic salary and remuneration of women to men by employee category, by significant locations of operation
Risk of gender inequity by sector
Women in the labour force (U.D.)
Occurrence of discrimination (NSS)
Men in the labour force (NSS)
Gender wage gap
I28
Lack of respect of the rights of indigenous people
1, 22, 24, 50
10.2 By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status
G4-HR8 Total number of incidents of violations involving rights of indigenous peoples and actions takenMM5 Total number of operations taking place in or adjacent to indigenous peoples’ territories, and number and percentage of operations or sites where there are
Risk for indigenous rights infringements by sector (very low data completeness)
Respect of indigenous rights
19
Impacts in literature review Sources+
International context EU context Social LCA databasesUN SDG GRI BR a b c SHDB PSILCA
formal agreements with indigenous peoples’ communities
Key issuesSmall-scale and artisanal mining
MM8 Number (and percentage) of company operating sites where artisanal and small-scale mining (asm) takes place on, or adjacent to, the site; the associated risks and the actions taken to manage and mitigate these risks
Mine closure MM10 Number and percentage of operations with closure plans
Social licence to operate Public acceptance issues (due to water and air pollution and to seismic risk)
Others G4-SO8 Monetary value of significant fines and total number of non-monetary sanctions for non-compliance with laws and regulations. (COMPLIANCE)
energy price for final consumer
20
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