Arran Ewin Design in Practice Interm Submission 1

8/3/2019 Arran Ewin Design in Practice Interm Submission 1

1/33

Project: Design in PracticeNovember 30th 2011

Student Number: 0807120Name: Arran Ewin

WSA ////


2/33

Bristol_St Pauls

Arran Ewin WSA////

Contents

1.0 Introduction to Study Area

1.1 Introduction1.2 Trade1.3 Districts1.4 History

2.0 Analysis

2.1 Figure Ground2.2 Routes: Footall Density2.3 Routes: Vehicles Density2.4 Transport Inrastructure2.5 Economics & Typologies2.6 Occupied Vs. Unoccupied2.7 Economic Activity Clusters2.8 Activity Clusters & Community Use2.9 Economics Trends2.10 Social Values

2.11 Crime & Anti-Social Behaviour2.12 Crime Locations2.13 History & Trade: Part 12.14 History & Trade: Part 22.15 History O Urban Fabric2.16 Conservation Areas

3.0 Vision

3.1 Client & the Community3.2 Brie & Outlined Strategies: Part I3.3 Brie & Outlined Strategies: Part II3.4 Brie & Outlined Strategies: Part III

3.5 Brie & Outlined Strategies: Part IIII3.6 Vision


3/33

Bristol_St Pauls

Arran Ewin WSA////

Introduction to Study Area


4/33

Arran Ewin WSA////

1.1 Introduction

Bristol3,639/I

London4,978/km

Cardi4,392/km

New York10,630/km

D ityne s

Road

East - West M4 Motorway which runs along an east to west axis beginning in Londonand ending in West Wales.

North South axis (Birmingham to Exeter) M5 motorway. Also M9 and M32.

Rail

Two rinciple Railway Stations1. Bristol Temple Meads (city centre). High speed trains to Paddington

Station, London.

AirBristol Airport (BRS) at Lulsgate (substantial investment andredevelopment since 2001)

CarPrivate Car usage is high.

Bristol

110km

London

1572.1km

Cardi

140km

New York

1214.4km

Area

Bristol421,300

London7,825,200

Cardi341,054

New York8,175,133P

opulation

EthnicityWhiteS.AsianBlackMixed RaceE.Asian

Population

421,3008th Most Populous

City in the UK.

Design In Practice

In the ollowing pages I will explore St Pauls through a se-ries o criteria and analyses, rom which I will determine myown stance and Vision or St Pauls and in doing so detailedwhat measure can be taken to help improve conditions.

Bristol

Cardif

London

Birmingham

Liverpool

Dublin

Paris

Berlin

41km

172km

125km220km

327km

456km

1098km

0km

2. Bristol way (North o the city. Mainly serves a high speed servicesbetween Cardi and London.

BusBus services is well known or being delayed,unreliable and expensive.

SeaBristol Ferry Boat both Leisure andCommuniting Services.

Leeds

PooleExeter

Cardi

BRISTOL

Roscott

Edinborough

New castle

Hull

Glasgow

Liverpool

Manchester

Cambridge

LondonDover

FolkstonePortsmouth

Plymouth

New York

Rosslane

Cork

Cork andBelast

Paris CharbourgLe Havre

Calias

Hamburg

The conclusion o my analysis will besummarise by three strategies and avision that will outline my intent or StPauls over the next 10-30 years.


5/33

Arran Ewin WSA////

1.2 Trade

1154Bristol was built on trade. In 1154 Bristolbecame England rst town to obtainspecial trading privileges, which reed itrom paying tolls and customs through-

out England, Normandy and Wales.

Fish

Wines

1200The map above shows the trading activity around1200. At the time Bristol was trading sh, wine,cloth, hides, tin, timber, corn, wool, madder andsilk.

Cloths&Hides

Fish

&Ti

n

Coventry

London

Southampton

Silk

Timbre

CornCloth

Wool

1500By the 15th century many trading merchantshad become wealthy and powerul gures inthe country. They invested the large ortunesinto exploratory new types o trades. The map

above shows trading links had expanded to theMediterranean and towards the east

Fish

FruitW

ineOil

Timbr

e&Fu

rs

SaltWine

Iron

1850By the mid-18th century the trade triangle had emergedbetween Bristol, Arica and the Caribbean and American colonies.Cloths and other goods were used to trade enslaved Aricanpeople who were then traded or rum, sugar and tobacco, this

was known as the Transatlantic Slave Trade.

Fish

Fish

RumSugarT

obacco

Trink

ett&Clo

th

Slave

1900Bristol presence o the global trading scene began to decline as a trading port as itacilities were too small to keep up with the large cargo ships that were being built atthe time. The map above shows the extent o Bristols trading links at the high o ittrading glory beore the decline in the 19th century.

Geographical Reasoning or TradeGiven its location on the south west coast and withthe river Avon running through the length o Bristol,it was in a prime location or trade to blossom and tothrive.


6/33

Arran Ewin WSA////

1.3 DistrictsBristol Wards

Ashley Districts: AshelyDownBaptist MillsMontpelierSt Andrews

St PaulsSt Werburgs

Easton

St Lawrence

Brislington East

Windmill Hill

Cabot

St Judes

Montpelier

Easton

Stokes Crot

Broadmead

MontpelierIt is o ten reerred to as the bohemianand alternative. Most a-mous area or this is Picton Street which is a mecca or organicand vegetarian cuisine.

St WerburghsIt is said to have the eel o green village but in the inner city.The area has a series o allotments and inner city arming clubs.The area has been heavily inuence by the rivers that owthrough it ever since its birth, rom the mills that used to power

it to Bristols water supply and the consequential ood.

EastonIt is considered by many as the street party capital o the UKand is where the grafti/street artist Banksy originated rom. Ithas a very diverse population with a collection o Sikh temples,mosques and churches. They are also a very organised and

politicised population with various unions, cooperatives andanarchist communes.

BroadmeadIt is known or it shopping district which is located on Winest, and Corn st. it was heavily bombed during the Blitz as wasmost o Bristols ports and actories. Ater the war it has in-tensely redeveloped tobecome the central shopping district in Bristol.

District: BS2Based on Postcode

- Areas includes:Kingsdown, Lawrence Hill,St Judes, St Pauls, St Philips,St Werburghs.

- Property currently on themarket: is 4849 homes.

- Average Property Value:162976.

- Price earnings ratio is 6.1.

- Flats are 57.3% ohousing stock

- The average price oa two bed 159545.

Population Avg Property Value

St Pauls


7/33

Arran Ewin WSA////

1.4 History

1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 Present

1698 Bristol Joins Slave Trade 1833 Abolition o Slavery Act in Britiancomes into orce.

1865 Abolition o Slavery Act in USAcomes into orce.

Blitz 1963 Bristol BusBoycott

1968 1st St Pauls Carnival

1980 St Pauls Riots

St Pauls Riots

The Riots sparked ater a police raid on the Black and White Ca in the St PaulsArea on the 2nd April 1980. The riots were blamed a racially drive but it was re-ported that both black and white youths ought against. It is now widely believethat these young men and women were perhaps uelled by the poverty and socialinjustices causes by the Sus Law (Stop and Search).

Yardies, Drugs and Guns

St Pauls has been described by the guardian newspaper asone o the countrys most notorious black spots or drugabuse, prostitution, gun crime and Gang Warare. Manytur wars have ensued between two main rival gangs theYardies and the Aggie. During annual St Pauls Carnival in2003 a shootout began between the two gangs, with atotal o six separate attacks that were presumed to be overheroin and crack cocaine deals.

1963 Bristol Bus Boycott

The Bus boycott began when the Bristol omnibus Company reused toemploy black or Asian bus drivers. The boycott which was led by Paul Ste-phenson and the West Indian Development Council, which was inspiredby the Rosa Parks protest in the USA. The boycott lasted or 4 monthsuntil the company eventually conceded and over turned their colour bar.The boycott helped to bring to attention the issues o racial discrimina-tion in Bristol and the UK. The Boycott is considered by main a key actor

in the passing o the two Race Relations Acts o 1965 and 1968.

Large Georgian Houses/Estates are erected by the largenumber o rich merchants proting rom Bristols slave

trade.

KeyVegitationFlatsSchoolsTerracesRetailand Flats

Housing stock: Consisted o nearly hal thehousing stock compromising o ats anddetached housing. Homeownership within the area is lower than thenational average or the UK.Thereore this is alludes a high rental market.

Population: 10,953 (2010)Distance to City Centre: 0.5 milesDistricts: Bristol City Centre, Montpellier & Easton.MP: Kerry McCarthy, Labour.Local Commerce: Variety o shops, pubs and caes.Average Property Price: 163,000 (2010)


8/33

Bristol_St Pauls

Arran Ewin WSA////

Anaylsis


9/33

[Blank Page]


10/33

Arran Ewin WSA////

2.1 Figure Ground

Regular Blocks\ Regular Footprints Regular Blocks\ Regular Footprints\Irregular Footprint

Irregular blocks\Regular Footprints\River Avon

Irregular Blocks\ Regular Footprints

Figure Ground St Pauls\ Routes Figure Ground St Pauls\Urban Typologies and Clusters

Regular Block\ Regular Footprint \ Portland Square


11/33

Arran Ewin WSA////

2.2 Routes: Footall Density

Routes: Nodal transistions

Junction: Stokes Crot and Ashley Road

Junction: Bridgestone Road and City Road

Junction: Stokes Crot and City Road

Entrance: Memorial Garden

Underpass: Bear Pit

Junction: Ashley Road and Grosvenor Road

Junction : Dean Street and Wilder Street

Junction: St Nicholas Road and Newoundland Road

Post War Housing Development

Church Yard and PlaygroundPortland square

Stokes Crot:Key route linking St Pauls to the town centreand the new Cabot Circus retail development.Despite being a high use thoroughare themajority o the buildings along this route are

derelict, this could thereore be a key area ordevelopment.

Southwest Corner:This Area has a high ootall to the south but aless dense oot all to the north. This disparitybetween the tow side could be address with

a connection between the two create a lessimposing corner/edge o St Pauls allow peopleto lter and permeable through into the hearto St Pauls

Bridge over M32:The bridge provide direct access acrossthe M32 into St Pauls or pedestrianaccess and thereore is widely usedas the sports hall and local school areopposite St Pauls on the south sideo the M32. Bridging these too areashelps St Pauls to establish connectionsand relationship with other district andtheir people. The bridge itsel could beuse as an opportunity to express thisconnection.

Green spaces:Like most Green spaces in St Pauls they are rarely used and regarded as unsae

antisocial areas. Factors which also add to this unease and reduction in oot-all are; limited seating opportunities, poor lit environments at night to detercriminals, narrow and daunting all and passage ways the lead to green spaces, alot o building within the area are run down or derelict. This could be a key areawin development to help restore community interaction and environment.

Heavy Use

Light Use


12/33

Arran Ewin WSA////

2.3 Routes: Vehicles Density

2.3.1 Routes: Vehicles DensityDiagram shows the density o vehicular use in andaround St Pauls. The M32 to the Southeast acts a or-midable boundary line o St Pauls. St Pauls is seen byenlarge as a place to drive around but not through.

Those routes that were use rom more domestic pur-poses had the lowest density and as expected the mostintensity populated roads were those that providedconnections and/or acilities. E.g. High density levelsnoted around the local Schools, Sports Halls Shoppingdistricts and Community centres.

Personally I eel that any improvement in vehicularaccess to the site would not be benet St Pauls butwould urther carve up and destroy what is let o theSociety, Community and the Urban Fabric. I ee at thisstage what would greater benet St Pauls would be toimprove on public transport inrastructure and creatinginvention and new route that erode what has becomethe M32 barrier to St Pauls.

2.3.2 Green RouteThe majority o Green spaces in St Pauls consist oParks, Courtyards and Public squares and a link througha network o pedestrianized routes. However romanalysing both the Footall routes and Vehicle den-sity there seems little evidence to suggest that thesespaces are used as requently as would be accepted.One o the key actors or this is that these spaces areoten demand unsae and are used or drug use andother criminal activity.

The majority o this patchwork o spaces are knittedtogether by a series o narrow streets and alleywaysmaking journey through these spaces intimidating asthey attract antisocial behaviour. These spaces becomemore treturous at night due to poor lighting.

Heavy Use

Light Use


13/33

Arran Ewin WSA////

2.4 Transport Inrastructure

St Pauls

Stansted Airport104.12 Miles

Heathrow Airport98.5 Miles

Gatwick Airport130.9 Miles

Portsmouth Harbour70.19 Miles

Weston Supermare Harbour29.3 Miles

Bristol Temple Meads0.7 Miles

Bristol Parkway12.2 Miles

Cardi Airport32.7 Miles

Exeter Airport54.95 Miles

Bristol Airport6.2 Miles

Bus StationsTaxi ParkingParkingPublic Right o Way

2.4.1The Transport Inrastructure in St PaulsPublic transport distribution is located in the southwest corner o St Pauls, in and around Cabot Circus retail development, with bus stops only just sk irting around the western limits o St Pauls. The nationalrail network doesnt are much better with the rain network navigating around St Pauls. However St Pauls is a prime location in Bristol to take advantage o the distance to the city centre and long distancetravel acilities e.g. national rail and airports. Although it lacks the smaller scale transport inrastructure. There isnt a single bus stop with St Pauls, nor is there any other kind o public transport available. Thismeans the community relies upon personal car ownership and walking to destinations.


14/33

Arran Ewin WSA////

2.5 Economics & Typologies

DetachedBrtistol 6.4%St Pauls 2.2%National Average 22.8%

Semi-DetachedBrtistol 29%St Pauls 10.7%National Average 32.6%

TerracedBrtistol 36.6%St Pauls 45.4%National Average 26%

Shared houseBrtistol 11.6%St Pauls 26.7%National Average 4.4%

FlatsBrtistol 14.6%St Pauls 13.4%National Average 13.6%

Key

Map let, shows the t ypological break down o St Pauls and below that a comparison othe typological make with respect to the whole o Bristol, the Nationals average and StPauls.

The number o detached housing in St Pauls is both drastically less that the UK averageand just below Bristols average. Due to the proximity to the city centre and the low de -mand or detached housing in Bristol evident by its 6.4% or Bristol there does seems tobe a demand or such housing. Another actor we must consider is the cost o aording,such housing in an area largely regards as economically and socially deprive areas.

The semi-detached houses like the detached have a ver y low share o the typologiesin the area or much o the same reason that the detached do they are both the mostexpensive typologies in the area.

It is evident that the terrace housing to the north was built to provide homes or Bristolpeople during its industrious past. We can see that the majority o housing in St Pauls isterraced 45.5% that is considerable high than both Bristol and the UK national Average.It is also the second cheapest orm o housing in St Pauls (see graph).

Shared houses do not eature on the list but comprise o all the typologies thatare mentioned. St Pauls has a very high percentage o its population living inshared accommodation. This is due to a number o reasons such as supplyinghousing or students and young amilies but mainly due to St Pauls poor eco-nomic stability and thereore it provides the majority o its rented accommoda-tion to its poorer residents that cant aord a mortgage.

Flats are the only typology that seem to conorm to the national average. The ats to thesouth west o St Pauls also have retail units on the ground oor due to their proximity to theshopping district this is part o t he reason why there are so many high-rise ats in the areato capitalise on land cost and to provide and secondary revenue stream through letting outground oor spaces or retail outlets.

DetachedSemi-DetachedTerracedFlats


15/33

Arran Ewin WSA////

2.6 Occupied Vs. Unoccupied

Detached

St Pauls 0.2%Semi-Detached

St Pauls 0.55%Terraced

St Pauls 1.5%Shared house

St Pauls 3%Flats

St Pauls 5%

Unoccupied housingThe Graphics above shows various houses that are unoccupied within St Pauls and theregiven typologies. The gradient o each typology is representative o the percentage ounoccupied houses within that typology

We can see that the cheapest orms o house the ats are the most unoccupiedand that the typologies located closes to the city centre have ewer derelicthouses. This is partly due to the demand or housing close to the city centrebut also that the ats are located in an area or poor hous-

ing and high crime.

KeyOccupiedUnoccupied


16/33

Arran Ewin WSA////

2.7 Economic Activity Clusters

KeyRestaurants and CaesOfces

IndustrialRetail

CommercialBars & Pubs

Live Work

Key

Retail/CommercialResidentialGreen SpacesSt Pauls Carnival

KeyAgriculture,Forestory & FishingProductionConstructionMotor TradesWholesale

RetailTransport & StorageAccomodation & Food Services

Inormation & Communication

Finance & InsuranceProperty

Proessional, Scientic & TechnicalBusiness, Administration&Support

Public Administration & Deence

EducationHealth

Occupational Data or D23(St Pauls and St Judes), 2011% o Working Population Relative to Age

% o Working Population Claiming Benets,2009

% o Occupations across Employment, 2001

2.7.1 Economic Activity ClustersClusters concentrated to the Southwest o St Paulsopposite the Cabot circus development. Most othe historic centre o Bristol which is located inthe southwest areas has been dominated by ofceblock developments that provide a physical andphysiological barrier to St Pauls.

Small retail units appear scatted across the residen-tial areas but are largely all into decline due to outo town Super Markets and Retail Stores, resultingin many o the small retail store closing down andlet unoccupied.

New Scheme such as the new live/work units showearly signs o success which has helped improvelocal amenities and provide a small scale employ-ment.


17/33

Arran Ewin WSA////

2.8 Activity Clusters & Community UseThe Pierian Centre is a beautiul Grade-1listed building in Portland Square withspace or conerences, meetings andcelebrations o all shapes and sizes. Thecentre is being orced to close its doorsdue to lack o unding, a great loss to thelocal community...

Organised Groups in St PaulsThe Pierian Centre has not only led tothe beautiul restoration o 27 PortlandSquare, it is also a catalyst in bringingabout the

restoration o condence and hope in anarea and community ull o character.Lots o peoples prejudices andpreconceptions about the whole area oSt. Pauls have been challenged.

A community centre with library,crche, cae with additional acili-ties and space with uture plans todevelop and expand.

The Malcolm X Community Centreis amulti-purpose community resourcebuilt in the early 1980s or theprimary purpose o the Centre wasto provide social, recreational,educational and entertainment a-cilities to the inhabitants o St Paulsand surrounding areas.

Circomedia is an internationally-

respected centre o excellence ocircus-theatre training, and the onlyacademy in Europe providingull-time courses which ullyintegrate contemporary circus andphysicalperormance and are designed tonurture creative artists, not justskilled perormers.

SportsLibraryArt CentreYouth CentreChildren Centre

ClubCommunity VenueResidential

Chapel/Church


18/33

Arran Ewin WSA////

2.9 Economics Trends

Average Home Values

St Pauls house prices are well above the national average partly due to the desire tolive in Bristol as it is the sixth biggest city in the UK and in the second most inuen-tial city or Architecture, Engineering and Technology. Thereore house prices haveincreased but this is also due to its location to the city centre and the recent develop-ment within nearby areas such as the Cabot Circus shopping centre, that have in-creased house prices in the area.

Instead o the new developments helping those residents in the area it is orcing themout through attracting business that target people with better economic and socialconditions than those currently experienced by the people o St Pauls. This thereoreattracts a migration o these people more ortunate than those in St Pauls into the areadriving the house prices and living expense to meet with the paid grades and demandso these new migrants.

Value Trends

The trends in house prices rom 2007 -2011 are as expected due to the recession in2008 that latter impact the housing market in 2009 the hardest, this is not dissimilar totrends all over the UK. It will be a number o years beore the price increase again. Thisis however good news or those people in St Pauls looking to buy a home as the hoseprices have thereore allen and so their budgets can stretch urther,. This is obviouslybad news or current homes owners that have experienced a loss in their homes value.

Value Ranges

The graphs shows the percentage o housing stock within various price brackets withinthe areas o St Pauls. We can see a very high number o houses all within the 200k-300k bracket which is well below Detached, Semi-detached and Terrace houses priceranges. With only the average price o ats in the areas alling into the bracket. It showthat those people trying to move rom at into another housing typology in the areawill struggle to do so which just under double the price range to be able to aord atrace house.


19/33

Arran Ewin WSA////

2.10 Social Values

Council Tax changes

We can see the people o St Pauls paymore tax than the national average inevery band category. This put a greaterstain on the community as they haveless disposable income or themselves.

Population Break down

We can see that Bristol has a highernumber o 15-24 and 25-34 years oldsthat the UK average and these are thepeople most eected in the recessionwhen it comes to nd a job. Currentgovernment gure suggest that 1 in 518- 25 years old in unemployed. Thisgeneration will provide a great manyproblems or Bristol.

Crime Incidents

Bristol has an increased in crimeincident that the UK national aver-age this is due to a number o actorssuch as social and economic difcul-ty, its large population size (6th mostpopulous city in the UK) and societyand community break down.

School perormanceWe can see that Bristol ails to meet theUK average or every important stageo their education except or education.This could be due to slipping standardineducation also poor unding, badly be-haved children, a break down in societyand economics actors. This obviouslywill create inherent problems or theuture o Bristol and its people.

High Unemployment

Rate

6.6%

Average Age

1357.8% oPopulationare Single

36.5peopleper Km

Hospital, Bus Station and Town

Centre is a 5-10 Minute walk

Gender

4,6

96

4,7

19

Average Working Hours


20/33

Arran Ewin WSA////

2.11 Crime & Anti-Social Behaviour

Crime and Anti-Social Behaviour

The maps on the ollowing pages show the number o incidents recorded by the police or August 2011. There are bro-ken down in to various categories. The maps on this page show the others Crime in the Area o St Pauls the next pagewill show the break down. I eel that this is relevant to my research as it highlights the area, streets and building in whichthe incidents have occurred giving use a picture o how building provided opportunities or these crime to occurred e.g.awkward spaces, poorly lit area.

Violent Crime

RobberyBurglaryThet o a VehicleAnti-Social BehaviourOther Crime

All Crime and ASB in August 20111655204

199174

679588


21/33

Arran Ewin WSA////

2.12 Crime Locations

Buglary

Violent Crime

Robbery

Thet o a Vehicle

Other Crime

Anti-Social Behaviour

2.12.1 Crime LocationsSt Pauls in known or its high Crime rate and Anti-social behaviour, not just in Bristol but also across the UK as one o the worst places or crime. Violent crime in the areas seems to bedictated by awkward space and narrow alleys but also around pubs and liquor stores. Vehicle thet is considerably low in the area but this or the most part is due to the poor economicstatus o St Pauls area that most o the vehicles are o much worth to criminals. Robber in the areas is ocused towards the north where small retail shops and pubs are located with poorsecurity. Anti-social behaviour is spread almost evenly across St Pauls but with ocus on the axis o the green spaces which are poor lit and police as well as awkward to get to withoutnavigating through narrow alleyways and street where pockets o anti-social behaviour thrive out o sight o public view.

Burglary in the area seem to ocus upon small business and ofce as these buildings would provide the greater yields in a burglar than targeting housing in the are due to the low incomeo resident in the area. It also means that high value good such as computers are located in clustered so oers a greater return or the burglar. Other crime as detailed by the graphic alsoollows a similar pattern to anti-social behaviour and gain is due to poor planning o spaces resulting in unsae and hostile environments or people.


22/33

Arran Ewin WSA////

2.13 History & Industry: Part I

1900s

Baptist College

Portland Square

Tram Depot

Commercial and residen-tial typologies emergethrough major develop-ment in the area.

The River Avon to the southeasto St Pauls increase nial op-portunities through trade andtransport resulting in commercialdevelopment spreading acrossthe river into St Pauls and with itmore residential housing.

St developed rapidly at the being o the 1900s and within a 20 year into the century merchantstheir trade industr y migrated away rom Bristol city centre. The public squa res and green spacesstill maintaining their original ootprint rom the 1880s bar the Baptist college as it was reduced

in size as the demand or more residential and commercial spaces increased within the area. Themain commercial spaces are still covered by the location o the river and so sit on the north bank tothe south o St Pauls.

1930s

Tram Network declined as Bristolnew rail network developed.

New commercial actoriesbroke away rom the river bankto the south and relocated tothe north o St Pauls as tradesuch as clothing developed.

The Tram Depot indecline was convertedinto a new commercialswarehouse.

Factories and warehousedeveloped urther still to thesouth partly due to the river

but due to night district likewhat is now Cabot Circus,developing a as morecommercial districts.

During thy eaters between 1900-1930 the commercial industry grew. During this time like many over citiesacross the UK Bristol went through a transition o abandoning their tram network in avour o rail networkand bus systems. The demand or housing increased in the area so much so that development started en-

croaching upon cemeteries like the one a St Pauls church cemetery which was eroded away by developersor more residential units.


23/33

Arran Ewin WSA////

2.14 History & Trade: Part 2


24/33

Arran Ewin WSA////

2.15 History o Urban Fabric

1855

1949

1874

2010

1750

1880

1828

1900

Post War Housing

The Bear Pit

The bear pit hasalways been a key

junction in Bristol.

During the 20thcenture transportdemand in the areaeroded the acadeso the bear pit tomake way or wideroads and spacerom transport links.

Due to the demands otransport the space hasbecome a barrier and anantisocial island as theroads have carved it outand isolated it rom therest o the urban abric.

Georgian and Vic-torian terrace stillremained rom theseperiods althoughmany have been sub-divided altered andsome let derelict.

Ater the blitz beellBristol a number oterrace where aban-don due to the dis-semination caused bythe bombing uponthose houses they.

At present it is still pos-sible to see the scars letby the bombings as postwar housing developedI the void created bythe bombings, howeverthese development werelargely unsuccessul and

antisocial.


25/33

Arran Ewin WSA////

2.16 Conservation Areas

Portland Square, St PaulsCave Street, St Pauls

Wilder Street, St PaulsCarriage Works, Stokes CrotMontpelier

Kingsdown

Areas o Conservation

The national English Heritage Buildings at RiskRegister 2008 has 10 properties rom Bristol on itincluding 28, 31 and 32. Portland Square, St Pauls,2-8 Cave Street, St Pauls and 25 Wilder Street, StPaulsIn the neighbouring district to the east o St Paulsthe Carriage Works 104 is also at risk in StokesCrot. Work has started on 135 York Road, Montpel-ierSurrounding districts that all into conservation ar-eas include Portland Square, St Pauls, MontpelierStokes Crot and Kingsdown. The areas both listedand unlisted show examples o Medieval and Vic-torian buildings, with large number o Georgian.

St Pauls developed in the early part o the eighteen century it to one o Bristols earliest suburbs. The wealth trade merchant rom the city star ted building their homes there in Brunswick Square and Portland Square.Portland square had a turbulent beginning, the buildings were laid around a central square garden, and this soon began to become the ocal point in St Pauls. However shortly ater construction on site at Portlandsquare the development has a turbulent start when many o the contracts became bankrupt, which let much o the site incomplete or some considerable time.

The original design relied upon classical Georgian Architecture by the Architect Daniel Hague who made his career upon design buildings or the wealthy however the design was never ully completed. Eventuallythe development progressed and new tenants moved in along with Wills Tobacco amily and Frys Chocolate Company who took up residents in Portland square in 1787. The area o Portland square continued to bea ashionable place to live until 1880s. The area was heavily bombed during the as was much o Bristol including one length o Portland square that was decimated by the blitz. Ater the war many o the house werelet derelict and eel into decline and out o avour with the people. Later the resident destroyed by the blitz was rebuilt as a pastiche o the ormer building and during the 60s to 80s they houses were bought up andsubdivided into ats and ofces.


26/33

Bristol_St Pauls

Arran Ewin WSA////

Vision


27/33

[Blank Page]

l


28/33

Arran Ewin WSA////

3.1 Client & Community

Client and Community

The Clients or this project are Bristol City Council which is in partnership with StPauls Unlimited. The project will rely greatly upon the support o and consolationwith, the St Pauls Community. To achieve this project will need the cooperation andinput rom investors both in the public and private sectors (national scale), alongwith Police cooperation, public transport services industry and environmentallyocused industries (From Botanists to Solar power engineers).

The project will be accomplished through the combination o Palimpsest and Acu-puncture Approaches, in ormed by my analysis. This method o working will meet-ing with the clients desire to build upon St Pauls existing inrastructure and site con-ditions but will also help to tackle with large scale issues o transport inrastructureand high levels o Crime that eect not just St Pauls but the surrounding districtsalso. The method will help to provide a plethora o solutions and interventions thatcan work either together as a cohesive whole or as standalone independent pro-

jects.

Palimpsest Stab il is inga robust Transport infrast ructure

RemovingCarsfromStPaulsandcreatingGreen/livingstreets

LightinginfrastructureacrossStPaulsworstandmostnotorious

crime locations

Acupuncture Enabl ingthepeopleofStPaulscreatesandruntheir owngreen

space and allotments upon browneld site across St Pauls. Greensstreetswillalsorelyuponcommunitysupportandinitialsup

port and education rom expertise. Showcaselocatedinthebearpitwillrelyoncommunityvolunteers

and require an investment to get the intervention o the ground Self-buildhousinguponpostwarhousingthathasfailedthecom

munity in specic areas. Civilpolicingschemeswillbesetupincooperationwithlocalpolice

service.

B i & O li d S i P I


29/33

Arran Ewin WSA////

3.2 Brie & Outlined Strategies: Part I

Long term strategy

Alt.Community will be a long term strategy, providing a series o catalysts to en-able dierent stages o the development to evolve. To be successul the projectwill require continuous unding and innovative design and ideas to reach the ullpotential o this brie.

The development should be seen as an experiment not just or St Pauls but or the

UK and Europe. It will require a high level o master planning and phased develop-ment to help push change through. The proposal will have a higher cost, howeverit should be deemed and experiment and be aware that there will be some mistakealong the way but that will help to inorm other cities like Bristol in dealing witharea like St Pauls with social and economic and political unrest.

Brand Alt.Community

Itwillbeasocial,economic,political,environmentalandarchitectural

experiment, can inorm other cities with similar problems. Pal impsest, layeruponthepasttapestriesoftheurbanfabric

with new materials. Usingexistingconditions/layersofhistoryandprecedencetoinformyour

intervention.

BrandAlt.CommunityoutlineattitudetoStPaulsi.e.itmustintegrate with the rest o the city centre, while maintaining its character o individualdistrict

Types of Strategy

Goodinfrastructurewillleadtoabetterarchitecture

Foundationtourbanplanninggettingthebasicsright

Aframework

Implications

Landu se/O wn ership Nocars , access/ routes

Passivepolicing

Derel ictsi tes/ inhabitation

NewHousingStock/Inuencedbyold

Green/livingstreets

Makingadestination/visitors/learning/renewableenergy

1. Alt.Community/ Branding/Identity

Current Situation

Over the year St Pauls has been subjected to a cycle o preconceptions, negative press and crime by its neighbouring districts.It is side stepped by both inhabitants and visitors to Bristol, and largely neglected by Bristol Councils and Bristol city. It has beenexcluded rom most recent developments such as Cabot Circus that acts as a physical and physiological barrier to the rest o StPauls, there isnt even an entrance to Cabot Circus rom the St Pauls. The M32 carves it away through Bristol dening denite

barrier between the city centre and St Pauls. There arent even any bus stops within St Pauls and residents complain o discrimi-nation against them and the ser vices they received are below standard e.g. ewer road sweepers suers rom a lack o invest-ment and an undeniable violent past. The Council and citys attitude needs to change and the cycle o bad reputation and pressbroken.

Proposal: Alt.Community

However as a response to its past discrimination I have chosen to redevelop and rebrand St Pauls as an Alt.Community (Alterna-tive Community), which will oer a haven rom a Capitalist Culture o Consumerism. The Bear Pit to the southwest o St Pauls thatlinks to the town centre will act as a showcase or the rest o St Pauls attracting visitors and raising awareness o its existence,community and projects. The Alt Community will maintain and build upon the existing identity o St Pauls but it will not isolateitsel rom the rest o the city centre, as it is vital that transport links and an inrastructure is implemented as the rst stage o thedevelopment. The Bear Pit will provide a gateway to the development and help promote the community in the city centre.

This Alt.Community will not only be a social experiment but an economic, political, environmental and architectural experiment.I release that this holistic approach to nding solutions would be an expensive venture or both Bristol City council and St Paul

unlimited, however I eel that this experiment could have national and international signicant and could act as a catalyst to helpstimulate other city across the UK and Europe that suer rom the same problems St Pauls has.

High Line Park: New York City (Former Railroad)

3 3B i & O li d S i P II


30/33

Arran Ewin WSA////

3.3Brie & Outlined Strategies: Part II

2. Master Planning & Phasing

Key to the survival and success o St Pauls in the uture will rely heavily upon a detailed master planning and phasing structureto help to ensure stability or the community and help to reduce crime and antisocial behaviour. I eel or this to realistically workand have time to develop and grow as a scheme a time plan or such a project will require 30-50 years beore the ully extent othis intervention is known.

This development will treat St Pauls as an individual entity, but not an isolated one. The district must improve links with the citycentre and have an efcient inrastructure to be able to evolve and develop and a district.

Site development and infrastructure

The rst priority should not be to star t developing upon the site and creating new live work units, caes and art centre. The keypriority should be to set up a public transport inrastructure. Currently there are not bus stops in St Pauls and the closest onesskirts on the edge close to Cabot Circus. There also not tram, cycle paths or taxi ranks close by. By creating a public transport sys-tem as basic a new bus route it will help the people o St Pauls mobilise and be able to interact with the rest o the city enablingpeople to nd work, enjoy new experiences, but primary mobilise a district so that it can help itsel develop with it social andeconomic problems.

I realise that such system would be expensive but I eel it is important or the uture o St Pauls to avoid its almost certain ur-ther decline. I am aware that the initial cost would deter investor councils and contractors but I eel they should be reassure bythe long term gain o helping a district integrate and learn rom other districts. Also I propose to remove all cars rom St Pauls. Itseems irrational to have a car given that they are so close to the centre o town. Although I realise this wouldnt become a reality

until a robust transport system could be established. The advantages o this allows or the possible to create green/living streetsboth to help social mix within the community along with civic pride and ood production but also to help uture cement the ideao an Alt.Community/ Liestyle. It will be interesting to see how they social structure changes within this new development.

Transport Inrastructure: Bus Stops and Routes

Dalhouise School o Architecture :Grass WheelPark(ing) Day: Global Event 16th September 2011Gorilla Gardening: Detroit

3 4 B i & O li d S i P III


31/33

Arran Ewin WSA////

3.4 Brie & Outlined Strategies: Part IIIOpportunities : Derelict and Abandoned Propoerties

Another initiative would to be the ability or the people o St Pauls to occupy derelict or abandoned site around St Pauls or the purpose o allotments andpublic green spaces. This I eel could be achieved it two ways. Options one would be or the council to relieve it hold upon site across St Pauls that have beenlet abandoned or derelict to be turned into allotments or the people o St Pauls and or these site to go into their ownership as a community. This wouldone allow the council to ree up its public speeding as it would not need to pay or the maintenance and security upon these sites e.g. CCTV, encing and po-licing. Also these spaces become ideal space or antisocial behaviour and drug dealing among other crimes, which all adds up or the council/ it would allowthem also or ree up resource not just in terms o economics actor but also in terms o human resources.

Option two, the council lease the land which is abandoned/ derelict or whatever reason to the people o St Pauls again without ee. The reason or this isthat it takes time oten years or councils to nd a purpose or the site/buyer and then o course there the time spent with procuring unds, contracting Ar-

chitects, Surveyor Developers, and Consortiums, planning application, documents or tender. So o course it makes sense to allow these spaces to be occu-pied by the people o St Pauls.

There are a great deal o advantages to this namely these spaces become passively policed by the people who cultivate there, which deters criminals whichalso removed the need or police intererence help to establish trust and respect within the community. Also money isnt waste policing or security the site.The community has a space to socialise and trade produce even the opportunity to open markets to sell produce. This also helps to keep the large propor-tion o the population o unemployed in St Pauls active while out o work, rather than dwelling around antisocial spaces and substance abuse.

I eel that it is very import in terms o Master planning and phasing a project to ensure that the people who currently live there are the people that benet.It is paramount that we do not orce these people to leave inadvertently by creating an environment becomes too expensive. E.g. attractive companies andbusinesses that either the people o St Pauls cannot aord their services/ product or do not have the skill sets to be employed by them. Causing the peopleo St Pauls to migrate to another deprive area.

Planning laws and Guidelines

St Pauls needs clear and concise planning relations/laws that help to eliminate awkward/antisocial spaces that help support criminal and antisocial activity.New Planning system/laws, no longer allow awkward space narrow alleyways and poorly lit spaces. Narrow alleyways do exist must have clear line o site todestination and well lit preventative architecture antisocial spaces. This will help to enable passive policing within the area. But I eel it is also import or thecommunity to be clear on what power that has as civilians to prevent and protect themselves or crime.Thereore I propose that as part o the experiment o St Pauls the police should enable the people greater power to deal with crime in the area by helpingto clariy what a civil arrest entails and that power the people will have to use them. It will be interesting to see how this maniests and the eect it will haveupon the community and the criminal society.

A Hostile Environment for Criminals to Operate in

It will not be possible to completely eliminate crime in St Pauls, however it is my belie we came make St Pauls a hostile environment or criminal to operate.I eel that with a combination o new planning alleyways removing narrow spaces will help reduce mugging and crime. Allotment would prevent squattersand solve problems associate with unemployment and drug distribution. I eel that also providing the people with more power and lighting areas within StPauls that have the highest levels o criminal activity create well lit and exposed areas will help to deter criminals rom St Pauls.

Derelict and Abandoned = Allotments/Gorilla Gardening

Street lighting inrastructure creating Sae connectionsbetween Green Spaces and other Amenities

Gorilla Gardening: Camden Gorilla Gardening:Soho Gorilla Gardening: New York Street Lighting Criminal Deterrent: Barcelona

3 5 B i & O tli d St t i P t IIII


32/33

Arran Ewin WSA////

3.5 Brie & Outlined Strategies: Part IIII

3. Master planning and self-building

Continued on rom the previous strategy I eel that the scars let by the Bombings during WWII have never healed.The poorly planned and rushed post war housing not just in St Pauls but across UK and has let a blight on the urbanabric. However I eel that during this period o post war developments the people o t he time did the best theycould with the resources they had to hand ater a the damage cause across Europe. From my analysis I have high-light the building that ail to meet the need o the people o St Pauls this are or the most post war ats. I propose

that these builds are demolished and that new schemes o sel-build schemes are setup in which the communityhelp construct the development (design through community). This will help to providing house that is applicable tothe people o St Pauls. Most amilies in St Pauls are single parent amilies and not t he average 2.4 children amilies.That model simply doesnt work and is in part why some housing typologies within the area a ail miserably at meet-ing the needs.

Proposed Site or Sel/Community Build Projects

Demolition o Post-war Housing

Sel Build The Lighthouse : Sheppard Robson,Arup and Kingspan

Sel/Community Build: Rammed Earth

3 6 Vi i


33/33

Arran Ewin WSA////

3.6 Vision

Arran Ewin Design in Practice Interm Submission 1

Documents

Transcript of Arran Ewin Design in Practice Interm Submission 1