Arkema Coating Resins

Welcome to the 2014 ACR Webinar Series!!

November 21, 2014

Invest one hour with us and we’ll help you grow your business with products and technology from Arkema Coating Resins

2014 ACR Webinar Series

Today’s Topic: Taking the Fear out of Wood Coatings: Understanding Wood for Better Coatings Choices

Speaker: Doug Mall

Title: Senior Technical Service Chemist

3 3

Our Training Goal

Give you the knowledge necessary to answer your customer’s questions concerning wood coatings with confidence: ● A high level overview of wood coatings applications,

formulation, and testing. ● Review the various types of woods and relevant

properties ● Discuss formulating and testing of wood primers and

finishes ● Highlight several Arkema products and describe their

performance benefits

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Overview Wood as a Substrate ● Benefits, challenges of using wood as a substrate ● Decline of Wood as siding in single family homes.

Defining Wood Coatings ● Types of coatings for wood ● Testing of wood coatings ● What goes into a wood coating?

ACR product overview and product spotlight ● Paints and stains ● Specialty finishes

– Primers – Varnishes

● Industrial finishes

Recap

What Are The Issues With Wood Coatings?

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Wood as a Substrate

Wood is a renewable resource that has been used for construction and decorative purposes for a long time.

A well maintained and preserved wood structure can last for centuries!

Photo of 1700’s US mill courtesy of Sam Williams of the USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Madison WI

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Wood as a Substrate

Keys to achieving long time durability: ● Protecting the wood from UV light. ● Keeping the wood from getting wet.

Images courtesy of USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Madison WI

Erosion of wood due to UV and weathering

Raised grain, end grain view, same panel cut in two. Differences due to moisture difference!

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Moisture Content Cycle – Coated & Uncoated

6

9

12

15

18

21

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stur

e co

nten

t of w

ood,

g H

2O /

100g

OD

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d Unfinished1 Coat3 Coats

*Forest Products Labs study on effect of relative humidity on moisture contedt of Ponderosa Pine. From “Finishes for Exterior Wood,” Williams, Knaebe & Feist, Published 1996

90%RH 30%RH 90%RH 30%RH 90%RH 30%RH

Ponderosa Pine

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Not All Wood Is The Same! Different species: ● Softwood (conifers) – Typically used for exterior substrates

– Cedar – Redwood – Cypress – Pine

- Southern Yellow - White - Ponderosa

– Fir – Spruce

● Hardwood – Better for interior uses such as furniture.

– Cottonwood – Maple – Luan – Oak – Mahogany – Cherry

Usually the best choice for exterior siding

Typically pressure treated for better stabilization and insect repellency for decks

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For Most Up-To-Date Performance Data…

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There Are Even Differences On The Same Tree!

Image courtesy of USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Madison WI

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Not All Wood Is The Same! – Continued…

Differences in where the wood is cut! ● Vertical grain (best; old time boards) ● Flat grain (typical of wood today)

– Bark side – Pith side

● Vertical grain with pith – Juvenile wood from center of log – Poor properties!

● Texture of wood

– Smooth sawn – Rough sawn

Differences in moisture level ● Straight from saw mill ● Kiln dried – typical moisture level 6-12% (best)

Figure courtesy of USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Madison WI

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Not All Wood Is The Same! – Continued…

Differences in board quality ● Clear (no knots) ● Some knots (1-2 knots/board) ● Knotty wood (>2 knots/board) ● Juvenile wood (Pith included)

Image above – shows use of knotty and flat-grain boards where finish problems may arise.

Image to left – shows mixed use of flat and edge grain wood, leading to performance issues.

Photos by Doug Mall, 1994, Subdivision in Milwaukee, WI

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Not All Wood Is The Same! - Composites Finger-Jointed Lumber ● Brings utility to knotty wood, cutting

out knots and dove-tailing pieces together

● However, one board could have various grain patterns and be from various trees, leading to localized board differences

T1-11 Plywood ● Sheets of layered and treated

plywood with a bead to simulate a board pattern used for barns and sheds.

Hardboard ● Also called high-density fiberboard

(HDF), is a type of fiberboard, which is an engineered wood product. Part of a class-action lawsuit in 1996, although homes still exist that have this type of siding.

Not used as exterior siding: ● Oriented strand board

T111 Siding Image courtesy of Home Depot

Finger Jointed lumber Image courtesy of woodgears.ca

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Issues Of Using Wood

Proper preparation and finishing of wood can help prevent: ● Warping ● Weathering ● Extractive staining ● Early peeling of finish ● Wood degradation due to UV ● Wood rot due to high moisture content

– (>20%)

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Pre-Weathering Effects on Paint Durability

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 16 17

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atin

g

Years Exposure

Rating during 17 Years Ext Exposure on Latex Top-coat / Latex Primer on WRC

0 Wks PW1 Wk PW16 Wks PW

Correlation Of Adhesive Strength With Service Life Of Paint Applied To Weathered Wood, RS Williams, JE Winandy, WC Feist, Proceedings of the 9th Durability of Building Materials and Components Conference held 17-20, March 2002 in Brisbane Australia

No P

re-

weat

herin

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Pre-

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wks

17

Pre-Weathering Headaches For Paints, etc.:

Wood grain on back of peeling paint is a key indicator of pre-weathering!

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Total Primary Siding Trends – USA

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

Hom

es [

000'

s]

Aluminum SidingFiber CementOther (Cinder block, Stone, etc.)StuccoBrickWood & Wood SubstratesVinyl Siding

US Census Bureau, The Official Statistics, June 2014 http://www.census.gov/pub/const/C25Ann/sftotalexwallmat.pdf

Wood market share went from 35% in 1992 to 5% in 2013

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So, Do We Need Exterior Wood Coatings?

Yes! Customers in the architectural coatings business still see wood as a major substrate that needs to be addressed by their coatings business.

There is still a large stock of wood based homes that require regular maintenance and repainting.

Wood is also still used for decks, fences, railings, doors and windows.

A coat of paint as thin as a sheet of paper can help extend the lifetime of wood.

What are Wood Coatings?

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Wood Coatings Are Any Finish Used For Either New Or Previously Finished Wood Substrates

Used for both interior and exterior surfaces

Exterior and interior finishes have different challenges that need to be met: ● Different substrate issues ● Different moisture resistance ● Different chemical resistance ● Different abrasion resistance

Some industrial wood finishes have been developed to better address the wide variability of substrates and finish application encountered with DIY finishes

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Defining Categories Exterior Wood Coatings

Coatings to wood surfaces that will be outside that are applied on-site, either by a homeowner or a contractor.

Typically applied with a brush or roller.

Coating system must hold up to ● Weathering (UV and moisture) ● A wide extreme of temperatures ● Dirt, mildew and algae

Coating system must resist ● Grain cracking and peeling ● Blistering ● Extractive stain bleeding ● Moisture

Interior Wood Coatings

Coatings to wood surfaces that will be inside that are applied on-site, usually by a homeowner.

Typically applied with a brush or roller.

Coating system must hold up to ● Occasional UV light exposure ● Abrasion or household chemicals

Industrial Wood Coatings

Coatings typically applied at a factory with specialized equipment, where control of the substrate, finish and drying conditions are key.

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Defining Wood Coatings Types

For Siding, Furniture, Fences, etc.:

Paint ● Typically a flexible finish that offers liquid water resistance, fade and

mildew resistance. ● The coating (45-65% solids) will hide the wood grain. ● Most quality finish systems suggest the use of a primer and two topcoats. ● Durability of a properly prepared and applied system can reach 20 years

before repainting required. (One coat = 7-10 years)

● Paints come in a range of finishes, from flat to gloss.

● Typically the wood siding is painted flat to satin. Wood trim paints are a higher gloss.

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Wood Coatings Types - Continued

For Siding, Furniture, Fences, Decks, etc.: Solid-Color Stain ● Lower solids than a paint (35-50%), but very similar in performance. Will use

same binders as found in paints, but usually formulated to a flat finish. ● Market has demanded this category for decks, but will peel if not properly

maintained and renewed. ● Refinish after 3-7 years (siding); 2-5 years (decks)

Semi-Transparent Stain ● Lower solids finish (20-35%) that has enough pigment to partially obscure

the grain of the wood. Can be either penetrating or film-forming. ● Refinish after 2-5 years (siding); 1-3 years (decks)

Penetrating/transparent stain (Toner) ● A low solids finish (15-35%) that changes the color of the wood. ● Typically is refinished every 6-24 months. Fails by erosion.

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Examples of Commercial Deck Stains

Transparent Stains (Toners)

Semi-Transparent Stains

Solid Color Stains

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Conventional Thinking About Deck Finishes

● “A penetrating finish applied to wood decks provides better overall performance and is easier to reapply than a film-forming finish (e.g., paint, solid-color stain).

● “In addition to the continuous shrinking and swelling of the wood caused by changes in the moisture content, film-forming finishes are subjected to excessive wear, especially in high-traffic areas.

● “For these reasons, penetrating finishes, not film-forming finishes, should be used on wood decks. “

Commercial products today defy this train of thought by proper maintenance and early refinishing!

“Penetrating finishes are recommended for use on wood decks.

“These finishes include: – Water repellent preservatives, – Colored water-repellent preservatives, and – Semi-transparent stains.”

- R. Sam Williams, USDA Forest Products Lab. “The Finish Line – Finishes for Wood Decks.” October 1995

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0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Northeast (n=95)

Midwest (n=90)

South (n=117)

West (n=66)

Overall US (n=372)

Tropical HardwoodWestern Red CedarRedwoodPressure Treated Lumber

Wood Plastic CompositePlastic/Vinyl

From most recent CINTRAFOR* market survey - 2009 *Center for International Trade in Forest Products, College of Forest Resources, University of Washington

Majority of Decking used is either PT Pine or Wood/Plastic Composite

WPC grew from 2% market share in 1997 to 18.8% in 2004, and to 30.3% in 2009.

2004 residential market demand for decking materials estimated at 3,060 mm board feet. At 250 ft2/gal, market opportunity is over 6mm gallons of deck stain!

Deck Substrate Market Share – 2009*

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Wood Coatings Types - Specialty

Specialty Wood Coatings: Primer/Sealer ● A first coat that helps stabilize the wood and serves as a tie-coat for the

topcoat(s). ● Many wood primers are also stain-blocking primers, used to reduce the

amount of extractive that can bleed through the finish. ● A wood sealer can be pigmented or unpigmented, and helps close up some

of the wood grain, helping reduce grain-raising, or extractive bleed-through, or improving the gloss potential of the finish applied to it. – Wood sealers need to be hard enough to sand without gumming sandpaper.

Varnish ● A clear, film-forming topcoat that comes in a variety of finishes, from matte

to gloss, typically enhancing the stained wood underneath ● Very rarely used exterior, due to UV degradation of the wood underneath.

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This Is Why Most Varnishes Not Used Exterior.

What Kind Of Tests Are Performed On Wood Coatings?

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Typical Wood Coatings Performance Testing Wet Adhesion ● Required for application over glossy alkyd

substrates (especially trim paints)

Chalk Adhesion ● Required for application on chalky

substrates

Dirt Pick-up Resistance ● Run to see how prone soft exterior

finishes collect dirt

Swell-o-meter ● Measures how well a coating system

withstands water penetration

Tannin Stain Resistance ● Measures how well a coating system

withstands tannin stain penetration

Cyclic Accelerated Weathering ● Exposes to calibrated UV light and water

– QUV Cabinet – Weather-O-Meter

Adhesion Testing

Accelerated Testing

Edge Grain

Rough Side

Micrographs

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Accelerated Testing Is No Substitute For Real World Exposures Testing Exterior Durability

Arkema Coating Resins maintains an extensive exterior coatings testing program in Cary, NC

Statistics: ● Over 3,000 panels on test at the site ● About 60 new test series added every year ● Mix tests roughly 1/3 developmental and new products, 1/3 customer

support or technical service, and 1/3 commercial product benchmarking

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Exterior Durability Must Be Assessed On Various Substrates

Paints applied in-lab to a variety of substrates ● New or weathered wood ● Stable (cedar) or unstable wood (pine) ● Glossy or chalky substrate panels for adhesion

Monitored over time ● Gloss or color change ● Dirt pickup and mildew ● Cracking ● Loss of adhesion ● Extractive bleed-thru

What Goes Into Wood Coatings?

Paints Are Complex Mixtures Of Raw Materials

Latex Polymer(s)

Coalescent

Primary Pigments

Extender Pigments

Functional Pigments

Dispersants & Surfactants

Defoamer

Preservative/Mildewcide

Thickener/Rheo. Mod.

Misc. Additives

− Film Former, Adhesion

− Plasticizer/Open Time

− Color, Hiding Power

− Control Gloss

− Reduce Mildew Growth, Stain-blocking

− Wetting And Flow

− Reduces/Eliminates Foam

− Microbial Protection

− Application, Anti-settling

− UV Absorbers, Water Repellants, Etc.

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Component Function

Pigments Provide Color, Hiding, Functionality

Prime – Hiding and color ● Main white pigment: TiO2

– Too much can serve as a catalyst for polymer degradation.

– Will show up on exposure as excessive chalking

● For toners and semi-transparent stains: transparent iron oxides.

Functional – imparts specific properties ● Zinc oxide: Used primarily in

primers and exterior paints, it provides mildew resistance and stain blocking properties.

● Barium Metaborate: Used in wood coatings for stain blocking

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37

Pigments Control Appearance & Performance

Extender choice can impact film performance ● Some mineral extenders can lead to frosting and color fade

– Calcium carbonate ● Other mineral extenders are inert but lack hiding

– Silica, feldspar ● Smaller particle size of the extender can lead to chalking and fading ● Selection may impact UV and moisture resistance or durability ● For stains and varnishes, some fumed silica may prevent settling.

Pigment Volume Concentration (PVC) in wood coating determines paint finish ● Higher PVC systems are flat and low sheen ● Lower PVC systems are semi-gloss to gloss

Solids Content helps classify paints vs. stains ● Higher solids are paints ● Lower solids are stains

The Proportion Of Raw Materials Affects Quality

For the specific type of coating, higher quality coatings have more binder, less pigment and higher volume solids

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Gloss Quality Flat Low-cost Flat

Liquid

Binder

Pigment

Liquid

Binder

Pigment

Liquid

Binder Pigment

PVC Tells Us About The Nature Of The Paint Film

Critical Pigment Volume Concentration (CPVC) ● CPVC marks the transition from a system in which the pigment is dispersed

in a continuous binder matrix to one where there is insufficient binder to completely encapsulate all the pigments.

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paint film

substrate

Low PVC Film(< CPVC)

CPVC Film High PVC Film(> CPVC)

pigment

Whitewash

15

25

35

45

55

65

75

Semigloss

Interior Satin

Exterior Sheen

Exterior Flat

High Gloss Enamel

Gloss Trim

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Pigment Volume Concentration

Paint Finishes

How Wood Coatings Fit Into The PVC Range

Interior Flat

Transparent Stain

Semi-Transparent Stain

Varnish

Solid-Color Stain

Stains & Clear Finishes

Additives Are Critical To Coating Properties

Enhancing numerous properties ● Rheology modifiers – HASE, HEUR, Cellulosic, HEURASE, ASE ● Preservatives, Algaecides and Mildewcides ● Dispersant and Surfactants ● Mar and Slip additives ● Coalescing solvent – aids in film formation ● Glycol – freeze thaw protection and open time extension

For clear finishes ● UV Absorbers ● Hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) ● Waxes

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As Discussed In Previous Webinars, Polymer & Latex Characteristics Impact Performance

POLYMER

Composition ● durability ● water resistance ● adhesion

Glass Transition Temp (Tg) ● “hardness” ● dirt pick up resistance ● tensile/elongation ● coalescent/plasticizer demand

Molecular weight ● exterior durability ● “toughness”

LATEX

Particle size/ Distribution/ Morphology ● thickener efficiency ● rheology ● freeze/thaw stability ● binding efficiency ● adhesion

Surfactant package ● stability ● water sensitivity

Most ACR Waterborne Products can be used for wood coatings.

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ACR Offers A Broad Range Of Products For This Segment With Our Polymer Tool Box

Broadest technology platform ● NEOCAR® Acrylic polymers ● Acrylic polymers ● Styrene acrylic polymers ● NEOCAR® polymers ● Vinyl acrylic polymers ● Vinyl acetate ethylene polymers ● SYNAQUA® Waterborne Alkyds

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Arkema Coating Resins self certification program

Demonstrates commitment to sustainable formulated products ● Helping support “Green” initiatives ● Reduction of air pollution ● Meeting VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) ● Reducing environmental impact ● Enabling sustainable formulating

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No added alkyl phenol ethoxylate (APEO) surfactants

No added formaldehyde or formaldehyde donors

Total latex VOC <5 g/L

Below regulatory reporting limits for carcinogens, reproductive toxins and ozone depleting compounds

Low residual monomer levels ● Total monomer <500 ppm

Minimal use of Hazardous Substances ● Green Seal™ hazardous components

– <0.01% per component ● California Prop 65 substances

– Minimized and documented with data available upon request ● Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPS) < 0.1% ● No known added phthalates, triphenyl or tributyl tins, 1,2-dichlorobenzene

Interior/Exterior Paints and Stains for Wood Substrates

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ACR Has An Extensive Acrylic Product Line

General Performance Characteristics

Durability for exterior exposure

Grain crack resistance

Color fade resistance

Dirt pick-up resistance

Good washability

Flexibility and elongation

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ACR Offers A Full Range Of Acrylic Options

SELECTION GUIDELINES ● ENCOR 657, 626 and 644 are versatile general use acrylics

– Products have good exterior durability performance – Select 626 or 644 where exterior wet adhesion is a requirement, or blending is desired

● ENCOR 627 and CL36 for stainblocking primers, and exterior wood stains. ● ENCOR 631 for improved film toughness over 626 and 657

– Self Crosslinking for enhanced performance – Zero VOC formulation capable for Flat through Semi-Gloss levels

● SNAP 720 or 728 for high gloss enamels. The two products offer similar features; SNAP 728 offers the broadest formulation capability

Acrylic Technology for Paints & Stains for Wood

% Solids

Tg [ºC]

MFT [ºC]

VOC Potential

[g/L] Pai

nts

Solid

Col

or S

tain

s

Sem

i-Tr

ansp

aren

t St

ains

Tone

rs

Target Application Key Feature

Value ENCOR 657 58 14 16 100 x x Interior/Exterior Basic Use Good acrylic starter for wood paint

ENCOR 651 65 12 9 100 x x x x Good for porch paints and solid color deck stains

Strong durability and wear resistance

ENCOR CL36 49 20 18 150 x x x xStainblocking Primer. Also good for Paints & Stains

Tannin blocking and zinc oxide stable

ENCOR 626 50 29 20 150 x x Interior/Exterior Non-Flat Wet Adhesion, gloss development, and grain crack resistance.

ENCOR 627 43.5 15 9 50 x x x xStainblocking Primer. Also good for Solid Color Stains

Tannin blocking and zinc oxide stable

ENCOR 631 50 N/A 0 0 x x x x Interior/Exterior General Use Strong scrub resistance, Zero VOC capable

ENCOR 644 50 4 0 0 x x Interior/Exterior General Use Strong scrub resistance, Zero VOC capable

SNAP 720 50 <4 0 0 x x x x Interior/Exterior Enamels (Trim Paints)

Excellent film hardness, High gloss capable

Premium SNAP 728 50 <4 0 0 x x x xInterior/Exterior Enamels (Trim Paints)

Excellent film hardness, High gloss capable

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ENCOR 627 / ENCOR 631 Has Performance Superior To Many Commercial Offerings

627/631

Weathered White Pine exposed on South 45 for 1.5 years

Sections 30A, 31A and 32A – represent a system based on ENCOR 627 primer & internal control topcoat

Section 31C is ENCOR 627 primer with ENCOR 631 topcoat. All other systems in sections B, C and D are various combinations of commercially available primers and topcoats

Conclusion: The exposure demonstrates ENCOR 631 with ENCOR 627 as the primer can be formulated to give outstanding adhesion, excellent dirt pickup resistance and grain crack resistance equal to or better than several commercial primer and topcoat paints

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Other ACR Technologies for Wood Coatings

General Performance Characteristics

Durability for exterior exposure

Grain crack resistance

Color fade resistance

Dirt pick-up resistance

Good washability

Improved hydrophobicity

Good penetration into wood

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ACR Offers A Range Of Other Technologies

SELECTION GUIDELINES ● NEOCAR 2535 is a general use NEOCAR Latex for exterior flat-eggshell finishes

– Good for exterior paints, solid color finish for siding. ● NEOCAR 820 is a high performance ultra-small hydrophobic binder that is excellent

for use in exterior wood stains due to water repellency. – Can be used to modify other binders at 10-20% on solids to give additional water resistance

● SYNAQUA 4804 can be used to formulate high gloss trim paints, as well as high performance interior or exterior transparent, semi-transparent wood stains. – Low VOC formulation capable, APEO-free.

● Also, many interior or second-line paints are formulated with vinyl acrylics (such as

ENCOR 379G) blended with an acrylic (such as ENCOR 626 or 644) at a 75:25 ratio

Polymer Type

Other Technology for Paints & Stains for Wood

% Solids

Tg [ºC]

MFT [ºC]

VOC Potential

[g/L] Pai

nts

Solid

Col

or S

tain

s

Sem

i-Tr

ansp

aren

t St

ains

Tone

rs

Target Application Key Feature

NEOCAR Latex NEOCAR 2535 53.5 10 8 50 x x Paints and Solid color stains Economical, general purpose binder for flats.

NEOCAR Acrylic NEOCAR 820 45 20 17 50 x x Exterior Stains and SealersUltra-small particle size, excellent hydrophobicity. Can be used to enhance water resistance in other binders at 10-20% modification

Waterborne Alkyd SYNAQUA 4804 50 N/A N/A N/A x x x Trim paints and wood stains Good wood penetration, high gloss potential.

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O

C

CH3

O

C

C

CH2

CH

Cn

O

CH3

CH3H3C

O

O

C

CH3

O

O

C

C

CH2

CH

Cn

CH3

CH3H3C

O

C

CH3

OO

O

C

CH3

O

C

C

CH2

CH

Cn

O

CH3

CH3H3C

O

O

C

CH3

O

O

C

C

CH2

CH

Cn

CH3

CH3H3C

O

C

CH3

OO

NEOCAR® Technology Enhances Performance

Vinyl Acrylic NEOCAR Latex Acrylic Styrene Acrylic NEOCAR Acrylic

Hydrophobicity

In Wood Coatings Vinyl versatate modification enables: • Exceptional water resistance • Improves chemical resistance • Exceptional flexibility and elongation

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NEOCAR 820 as a Modifier in S/T Stains

NEOCAR 820 is well-suited for use on exterior wood substrates in a semi-transparent or transparent stain finish.

Because of its outstanding hydrophobicity, the option of blending in NEOCAR 820 at 10% of the binder solids can give long-term improved water repellency over the same finish without the NEOCAR 820.

The systems shown here have been exposed for 30 months.

Stain with 10% NEOCAR 820

Stain without NEOCAR 820

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SYNAQUA® 4804 An APEO and ammonia free short oil alkyd emulsion designed for use in a wide variety of coatings in which performance similar to solvent based alkyds are desired. It offers the coatings formulator a low VOC option to develop the highest gloss products while giving the application feel of a solvent based alkyd ● High gloss trim paints ● Interior/ exterior primers for wood and metal ● Direct-to-metal coatings with anticorrosive properties ● Transparent and semi-transparent stains

Performance benefits: ● High gloss potential and excellent gloss retention ● Very good hardness ● Quick dry time ● Low yellowing ● Good stability with anticorrosive pigments ● Good application characteristics ● Outstanding resin for blending with other technologies, including styrene

acrylics, acrylics and polyurethane dispersions

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SYNAQUA® 4804 Offers High 20º Gloss Potential

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

SA 4804 Comp A Comp B

Gloss @ 60º Gloss @ 20º

Competitive A: PU-modified alkyd emulsion Competitive B: Alkyd-acrylic hybrid

Interior/Exterior Specialty Finishes for Wood Substrates

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Specialty Finishes for Wood

Primer/Sealer A first coat that helps stabilize the wood and serves as a tie-coat for the topcoat(s).

Many (but not all) wood primers are also stain-blocking primers, used to reduce the amount of extractive that can bleed through the finish.

● Primer – pigmented ● Sealer – may or may not be

pigmented.

Varnish: A clear finish that is used as a top coat once the wood has been stained to the desired finish.

Most varnishes are glossy, although specialty finishes can include satin and flat finishes.

Can involve 2-5 coats of varnish with sanding in between coats.

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ACR Offers A Range Of Technologies for Wood Primers/Sealers and Varnishes

SELECTION GUIDELINES ● ENCOR 627 and CL36 are good general starting points for stain-blocking primers

– Will require formulating with zinc oxide. ● ENCOR 2722 is good for stain-blocking primer without need of zinc oxide ● ENCOR 461 is a small particle flexible binder good for use as a standard wood primer ● SYNAQUA 4804 can be used to formulate sandable primers that penetrate wood.

– Will also work as a varnish, giving good wood warmth to the finish. ● SNAP 720 and 728 may be used as a general purpose varnish with good block and

print resistance

Technology for Primers & Specialy for Wood

% Solids

Tg [ºC]

MFT [ºC]

VOC Potential

[g/L] Pri

mer

Stai

n B

lock

er

Sand

ing

Seal

er

Var

nish

Target Application Key Feature

Acrylic ENCOR CL36 49 20 18 150 x x x x Stainblocking Primer. Also good for Paints & Stains

Tannin blocking and zinc oxide stable

Acrylic ENCOR 627 43.5 15 9 50 x x Stainblocking Primer. Also good for Solid Color Stains

Tannin blocking and zinc oxide stable

Acrylic ENCOR 2722 42 N/A 5 50 x x x Stainblocking Primer. Also good for Solid Color Stains

Tannin blocking without need for zinc oxide. Hard enough for use as a sanding sealer

Styrene Acrylic ENCOR 461 47 -3 <0 100 x x Wood Primer. Good adhesion and flexibility

Waterborne Alkyd SYNAQUA 4804 50 N/A N/A N/A x x x Wood primer and varnish Good wood penetration, warmth, excellent gloss

Acrylic SNAP 720 50 <4 0 0 x Interior/Exterior Enamels Excellent film hardness, High gloss capable

Acrylic SNAP 728 50 <4 0 0 x Interior/Exterior Enamels Excellent film hardness, High gloss capable

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Stain-Blocking Primer Performance Example

Anti-stain Effect In A PVC 17% Primer Without Zinc Oxide

Standard emulsion ENCOR 2722

Two coats

One coat

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Product Descriptions

ENCOR 627 ● Good starting point 100% acrylic

binder for stain-blocking wood primers.

● 43.5% solids, 9ºC MFFT. ● Needs to be formulated with ZnO.

– Also stable with Barium Metaborate. ● Good thickener response.

● Can also be formulated into solid

color stain formulations.

ENCOR 2722 ● For premium stain-blocking wood

primers. ● 43% solids, 15ºC MFFT. ● Can be formulated without ZnO. ● Good Sandability.

Formulation tips: ● No alkaline salts.

– dispersants, surfactants... ● Neutralization with ammonia.

– Not Na+ salts ● Avoid water soluble co-solvents.

ENCOR 2722 has a higher Tg and therefore is more suitable for industrial primers because of its better sandability.

Industrial Wood Coatings

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Industrial Coatings

Factory applied finishes ● Requires equipment above and beyond the standard homeowner. ● May include pretreatment of substrates.

– Sanding, control of moisture content, etc. ● Could be applied by spray, dip, or flow-coating.

– In some cases a rotating brush wheel to simulate brush application. ● May include heat drying/baking in order to process more quickly. ● Typically requires quick handling and stacking.

● More precise control of substrates and finish system. ● May require higher performance properties

– Example: Kitchen Cabinet Manufacturer’s Association (KCMA) durability

● Many of the finishes (and binders) described for do-it-yourself projects are also used in the industrial coating segment.

● However, can also include (or require) higher-end binder systems such as

UV-cured finishes or polyurethane clear coats.

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Why is Factory Finishing of Wood Better? Industrial settings ● Requires a level of expertise

Controlled feedstock ● Type and grade of lumber ● Moisture content ● No pre-weathering

Controlled surface preparation ● Proper sanding and cleaning

Controlled finishes ● Large batches ● Precise application levels ● Quality control checks

Controlled environment

Controlled drying conditions.

But for field applied OEM wood, will still need to have field applied finish

Image courtesy of University of British Columbia Department of Wood Science

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ENCOR 2721 Properties

A new emulsion approach with the early handling properties necessary to achieve a significant productivity gain.

Low MFFT self-crosslinking acrylic emulsion with high Tg sequential polymerization with unique morphology

Wood coatings with low coalescent level

Quick hardening and sanding in thick films ● low coalescent retention ● high crosslinking level

High chemical resistance

Early blocking resistance

APEO free

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Type of polymer Acrylic, dispersed in water

Viscosity, mPa.s <100

Solids content,% 43

MFFT(C) <5

pH 7.5

Mean particle size, nm 80

ENCOR 2721 - Typical Characteristics

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Drying at room temperature (20ºC) and 65% RH • Application of ~3.0 mils of sealer

25 minutes to sand

• Application of ~4.5 mils of sealer

40 minutes to sand

ENCOR 2721 - Sandability

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CHEMICAL RESISTANCES ACCORDING TO EN12720 Chemical Time Rating

Water 16h 5 Ethanol (48% in water) 16h 4-5 Ethanol 16h 4-5 Coffee 16h 5 Acetone 10s 5 Hand cream 16h 4-5 Ammonia (10% in water) 2 min 5

Spray application of 100 g/m2 of sealer + 100 g/m2 of topcoat on sapelli veneer.

Evaluation after 12 days

Can be used for KCMA type finishes

ENCOR 2721 Chemical Resistance

Summary

Highlights of Today’s Webinar

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Recap – Wood Coatings

Today’s session was intended to provide you with a historical view of wood coatings, a technical overview in coating performance, and product selection for wood coatings.

Exterior wood coatings are still a viable key market need.

Interior wood coatings, while not requiring the durability under weather extremes, require durability that allows for cleaning.

Key to the performance of any finish on exterior wood is the ability of the finish system to protect the wood from: ● Moisture (which leads to expansion and contraction of the wood) ● UV Light (which causes the weathering of the surface of the wood) NOTE: Regular maintenance of finish will prevent finish failure 69

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Recap – Product Offering

ACR offers products that can be used for interior and exterior applications.

ACR offers products for use in primers ● From ENCOR 627 – Good first stop for stain-blocking wood primer (+ stains) ● To ENCOR 2722 – High performance zinc free stain-blocking systems, sandable

ACR offers products for use in stains ● From ENCOR 651 – Acrylic for solid color stains, good abrasion resistance. ● To SYNAQUA 4804 – Waterborne alkyd with good penetration (+ paints and varnishes) ● And NEOCAR 820 – Alone or as modifier for improved water resistance

ACR offers products for use in paints ● From NEOCAR 2535 – General purpose binder for flats and eggshells ● To ENCOR 631 – High performance int/ext acrylic for flats to semi-gloss (+ stains) ● And SNAP 720 + 728 – Low VOC, high performance gloss paints and varnishes with excellent

block and low odor properties. Can be formulated to close to zero VOC.

ACR offers products for industrial wood finishes ● ENCOR 2721 - Low MFFT self-crosslinking acrylic emulsion with early block resistance and

sandability, plus excellent chemical resistance.

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Questions? Please Contact The Account Team

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Mary Chervenak mary.chervenak@arkema.com

Marlene Hernandez marlene.hernandez@arkema.com

Mark Piggott mark.piggott@arkema.com

Commercial Questions

Latin America

Commercial Questions

USA & Canada

Technical Questions

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2014 ACR Webinar Series

Next Month’s Topic: Traffic Paint

Speaker: Mike Kaufman

Title: Sr. Application Development Leader

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Arkema Coating Resins

Thank You for Joining Us!!

See you in December !!