Citing the internet

Aristotle. Poetics. Trans. S. H. Butcher. The

Internet Classics Archive. Web Atomic and

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 13 Sept.

2007. Web. 4 Nov. 2008.

‹http://classics.mit.edu/›.

Franks,

Carolingians and Renaissance

History 135

September 2011

Map of the Mediterranean world in 600 AD

Early History

Roman federati c. 350

Agriculture, trade, commerce

Hunters, trappers, soldiers for Rome

Tribal

Worshipped Thor, Wotan, Tew

Kings were rulers and priests

Salian Franks

Ancestors of the French

Salic law – basis of French law

Agricultural land between Soissons and Cambrai

Soissons – imperial arms factory

With death of their Roman commander, Aetius

Renounced allegiance to Rome

Freed fully with the advent of Odovacar

Clovis

Clovis r 485-511

Largest Germanic

kingdom

Laws

General decline

Conversion

Clothilde

Merovingians - Merovech

486

Capital at Paris

Facing Burgundians

Catholic Christian

First German king to

do so

507-508

Defeated Visigoths

Visigoths fled from

Toulouse to Spain

510

Defeated Allemanni

Merovingians

What’s left of Rome

Gift Economy

Role of Women

Succession

Partible inheritance

Mayor of the Palace

Pepin of Heristal

Charles Martel, “the hammer”

Pepin the Short and Childeric III

Tours - 732

Gavelkind

Partible inheritance

Neustria, Austrasia, Aquitaine

Civil wars

Basis of strength

Gradual expansion

Geography

Weak opponents

Government

No Roman institutions or taxation

Local autonomy

Limited ambition

Support of the Church

No religious divisions

Skilled personnel

Agricultural changes

Three field system

Winter wheat

Summer crops

Fallow

Heavier plow

Horses

More land = marshes,

forests

More food = population

increase

Church and Frankish Kingdoms

Merovingians Pepin

Donation

Zachary – Lombards

756

Donation of Constantine

Spurious justification mid-750?

Crown, cloak, military rank

Military provinces, palaces, Rome, Italy, West

Contribute to interdependence and conflict

Charlemagne

Charlemagne r 768-814

Charlemagne and the Church

Leo III

Coronation

Christmas 800

Prestige/authority

Prayer

Officials

Positions

Army

Conversions

Donations

Carolingian administration

Chaplain

head of palace clergy

Chief lay officer

Count of palace, regent

Local administration

county was administrative unit

Counts

General Assembly

capitularies

Missi domenici

Manorialism

System linking elite to peasantry

Landowner

Lord or lady

Bishop

Monastery

Labor

Slaves

Serfs

Free peasants - villeins

Diagram of a manor c. 1200

Cruck house

Vassalage

Land for service

Fief

Patron-client

Lords and vassals

Homage and fealty

Ban

Obligations

Disadvantages

Counts

Laws

Armies

Taxes

Peasants

Carolingian Renaissance

Roman works: Suetonius, Virgil

Church fathers – Jerome, Augustine, Ambrose Commentaries

Alcuin c. 732 – 804 Anglo-Saxon

Chief advisor to Charlemagne

Monasteries and cathedrals Teach reading, writing

Caroline minuscule

Illuminated texts

Successors to Charlemagne

Louis the Pious r. 814-840

Monastic reform

817 – Rule of St Benedict; becomes standard

Sons of Louis and Ermengard

Lothar

Pippin

Louis the German

Son of Judith – Charles the Bald

Treaty of Verdun 843

After revolting against Louis the Pious and

fighting among themselves:

Charles the Bald 843-877– western portion; France

Louis the German 843-870– east; Germany

Lothar – 840-853 Middle Kingdom ; Low Countries,

Italy, Switzerland, parts of France and Germany

Significance

HRE – 10th Century

Macedonian Renaissance

C 870- c 1025

Basil I r. 867-886 founded dynasty which

produced renaissance

Constantine VII Porphyrogenitos

913 - 959

Geography, history

Other court members

Writers, philosophers, historians

Slavs

Cyril and Methodius 863 Missionaries; Cyrillic

Russia Under Byzantine influence

Capital at Kiev

Vladimir r. c. 980-1015 Conversion

Marries Anne, sister of Basil II

Heir to Byzantium – church, customs, art, political ideology Russia keeps an “eastern” orientation

High Middle Ages 1000-1300

Three heirs now fragment

Local rule of counts

Fiefs as inheritable property

Power shift to independent knights

Raids and invasions Muslims – south

Viking – Norse pirates – north Normandy, Sicily

Settle, convert, renewal in govt, trade, cities, church

Magyars – Central Asia

Monastic expansion