Aristides of Athens Apology

7/24/2019 Aristides of Athens Apology

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THE APOLOGY OF

ARISTIDES

AS IT IS PRESERVED IN THE

HISTORY OFBARLAAM AND JOSAPHAT.

Translated from the Greek.

I. I, O King in the pr!i"en#e$ G" #%&e int the 'r(") %n"'hen I h%" #n*i"ere" the he%!en

%n" the e%rth, the *+n %n" the &n

%n" the re*t, I &%r!e((e" %t their r"er( %rr%nge&ent.

An" 'hen I *%' th%t the +ni!er*e%n" %(( th%t i* therein i* &!e" -

ne#e**it, I per#ei!e" th%t the &!er

%n" #ntr((er i* G".

Fr e!erthing 'hi#h #%+*e* &tin

i* *trnger th%n th%t 'hi#h i*

&!e", %n" th%t 'hi#h #ntr(* i**trnger th%n th%t 'hi#h i* #ntr((e".

The *e($*%&e -eing, then, 'h

$ir*t e*t%-(i*he" %n" n' #ntr(*the +ni!er*ehi& " I %$$ir& t -e

G" 'h i* 'ith+t -eginning %n"'ith+t en",

i&&rt%( %n" *e($*+$$i#ing, %-!e %((

p%**in* %n" in$ir&itie*, %-!e%nger %n" $rget$+(ne**

%n" ignr%n#e %n" the re*t.

THE APOLOGY OF

ARISTIDES THE PHILOSOPHER.

Translated from the Syriac.

ARISTIDES.

Here $(('* the "e$en#e 'hi#h Ari*ti"e* the

phi(*pher &%"e -e$re H%"ri%n the King n

-eh%($ $ re!eren#e $r G".

. . . A((p'er$+( /%e*%r Tit+* H%"ri%n+* Antnin+*,

!ener%-(e %n" &er#i$+(, $r& M%r#i%n+* Ari*ti"e*,

%n Atheni%n phi(*pher. 0

I. I, O King, - the gr%#e $ G" #%&e int thi*

'r(") %n" 'hen I h%" #n*i"ere" the he%!en %n"

the

e%rth %n" the *e%*, %n" h%" *+r!ee" the *+n %n"the re*t $ #re%tin, I &%r!e((e" %t the -e%+t $ the

'r(". An" I per#ei!e" th%t the 'r(" %n" %(( th%t

i* therein %re &!e" - the p'er $ %nther) %n"I +n"er*t" th%t he 'h &!e* the& i* G", 'h

i* hi""en in the&, %n" !ei(e" - the&. An" it i*

&%ni$e*t th%t th%t 'hi#h #%+*e* &tin i* &re

p'er$+( th%n th%t 'hi#h i* &!e". B+t th%t I*h+(" &%1e *e%r#h #n#erning thi* *%&e &!er $

%((, %* t 'h%t i* hi* n%t+re 2$r it *ee&* t &e,

he i* in"ee" +n*e%r#h%-(e in hi* n%t+re3, %n" th%tI *h+(" %rg+e %* t the #n*t%n# $ hi*

g!ern&ent,

* %* t gr%*p it $+((,thi* i* % !%in e$$rt$r &e) $r it i* nt p**i-(e th%t % &%n *h+(" $+((

#&prehen" it. I *%, h'e!er, #n#erning thi*

&!er $ the 'r(", th%t he i* G" $ %((, 'h &%"e%(( thing* $r the *%1e $ &%n1in". An" it *ee&* t

&e th%t thi* i* re%*n%-(e, th%t ne *h+(" $e%r G"%n" *h+(" nt ppre** &%n.

I *%, then, th%t G" i* nt -rn, nt &%"e, %ne!er%-i"ing n%t+re 'ith+t -eginning %n" 'ith+t

en", i&&rt%(, per$e#t, %n" in#&prehen*i-(e.

N' 'hen I *% th%t he i* 4per$e#t,4 thi* &e%n*th%t there i* nt in hi& %n "e$e#t, %n" he i* nt in

http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/aristides_02_trans.htm#1




Thr+gh Hi& t %(( thing* #n*i*t.

He re5+ire* nt *%#ri$i#e %n"

(i-%tin nr %n ne $ the thing*

th%t %ppe%r t *en*e) -+t %(( &en

*t%n" in nee" $ Hi&.

nee" $ %nthing -+t %(( thing* %re in nee" $ hi&.

An" 'hen I *% th%t he i* 4'ith+t -eginning,4 thi*

&e%n* th%t e!erthing 'hi#h h%* -eginning h%* %(*

%n en", %n" th%t 'hi#h h%* %n en" &% -e -r+ght

t %n en". He h%* n n%&e, $r e!erthing 'hi#hh%* % n%&e i* 1in"re" t thing* #re%te". Fr& he

h%* nne, nr et %n +nin $ &e&-er*) $r'h%t*e!er

p**e**e* the*e i* 1in"re" t thing* $%*hine".

He i* neither &%(e nr $e&%(e.6 The he%!en* "nt (i&it hi&, -+t the he%!en* %n" %(( thing*, !i*i-(e

%n" in!i*i-(e, re#ei!e their -+n"* $r& hi&.

A"!er*%r he h%* nne, $r there e7i*t* nt %n

*trnger th%n he. 8r%th %n" in"ign%tin he p**e**e* nt,

$r there i* nthing 'hi#h i* %-(e t *t%n" %g%in*thi&. Ignr%n#e %n" $rget$+(ne** %re nt in hi*n%t+re, $r he i* %(tgether 'i*"& %n"

+n"er*t%n"ing)

%n" in Hi& *t%n"* $%*t %(( th%t e7i*t*.He re5+ire* nt *%#ri$i#e %n" (i-%tin, nr e!en ne

$

thing* !i*i-(e) He re5+ire* nt %+ght $r& %n, -+t%(( (i!ing #re%t+re* *t%n" in nee" $ hi&.

II. H%!ing th+* *p1en #n#erningG", * $%r %* it '%* p**i-(e $r

&e t *pe%1 $ Hi&,9 (et +* ne7t

pr#ee" t the h+&%n r%#e, th%t 'e

&% *ee 'hi#h $ the& p%rti#ip%te inthe tr+th %n" 'hi#h $ the& in

errr.

Fr it i* #(e%r t +*, O King,: th%tthere %re three; #(%**e* $ &en in

thi* 'r(") the*e -eing the 'r*hipper*

$ the g"* %#1n'(e"ge"%&ng +, %n" Je'*, %n" /hri*ti%n*.F+rther the 'h p% h&%ge

t &%n g"* %re the&*e(!e* "i!i"e"

int three #(%**e*, /h%("%e%n*n%&e(, %n" Gree1*, %n" Egpti%n*)

$r the*e h%!e -een g+i"e* %n" pre#eptr*

t the re*t $ the n%tin* in

II. Sin#e, then, 'e h%!e %""re**e" + #n#erningG", * $%r %* +r "i*#+r*e #%n -e%r +pn hi&, (et

+* n' #&e t the r%#e $ &en, th%t 'e &% 1n'

'hi#h $ the& p%rti#ip%te in the tr+th $ 'hi#h 'e

h%!e *p1en, %n" 'hi#h $ the& g %*tr% $r& it.

Thi* i* #(e%r t +, O King, th%t there %re $+r

#(%**e* $ &en in thi* 'r("<B%r-%ri%n* %n"

Gree1*,Je'* %n" /hri*ti%n*. The B%r-%ri%n*, in"ee", tr%#e

the rigin $ their 1in" $ re(igin $r& Krn* %n"

$r& Rhe% %n" their ther g"*) the Gree1*,h'e!er,$r& He(en*, 'h i* *%i" t -e *pr+ng $r&

=e+*. An" - He(en* there 'ere -rn Ai(* %n"

>+th*) %n" there 'ere ther* "e*#en"e" $r&In%#h* %n" Phrne+*, %n" (%*t( $r& the

Egpti%n












the *er!i#e %n" 'r*hip $ the*e

&%ntit(e" "eitie*.

D%n%* %n" $r& K%"&* %n" $r& Din**.

The Je'*, %g%in, tr%#e the rigin $ their r%#e $r&

A-r%h%&, 'h -eg%t I*%%#, $ 'h& '%* -rn

J%#-.An" he -eg%t t'e(!e *n* 'h &igr%te" $r& Sri%

t Egpt) %n" there the 'ere #%((e" the n%tin $

the He-re'*, - hi& 'h &%"e their (%'*) %n" %t

(ength the 'ere n%&e" Je'*.

The /hri*ti%n*, then, tr%#e the -eginning $ their re(igin $r& Je*+* the Me**i%h) %n" he i* n%&e"

the Sn $ G" M*t High. An" it i* *%i" th%t G"

#%&e "'n $r& he%!en, %n" $r& % He-re' !irgin

%**+&e" %n" #(the" hi&*e($ 'ith $(e*h) %n" theSn

$ G" (i!e" in % "%+ghter $ &%n. Thi* i* t%+ght

in the g*pe(, %* it i* #%((e", 'hi#h % *hrt ti&e %g'%* pre%#he" %&ng the&) %n" + %(* i$ + 'i((

re%" therein, &% per#ei!e the p'er 'hi#h -e(ng*

t it. Thi* Je*+*, then, '%* -rn $ the r%#e $ theHe-re'*) %n" he h%" t'e(!e "i*#ip(e* in r"er th%t

the p+rp*e $ hi* in#%rn%tin ? &ight in ti&e -e

%##&p(i*he". B+t he hi&*e($ '%* pier#e" - theJe'*,

%n" he "ie" %n" '%* -+rie") %n" the *% th%t %$ter three "%* he r*e %n" %*#en"e" t he%!en.

There+pnthe*e t'e(!e "i*#ip(e* 'ent $rth thr+gh+t

the 1n'n p%rt* $ the 'r(", %n" 1ept *h'ing hi*

gre%tne** 'ith %(( &"e*t %n" +prightne**. An"hen#e %(* th*e $ the pre*ent "% 'h -e(ie!e th%t

pre%#hing %re #%((e" /hri*ti%n*, %n" the %re

-e#&e$%&+*.

S then there %re, %* I *%i" %-!e, $+r #(%**e* $ &en<B%r-%ri%n* %n" Gree1*, Je'* %n"

/hri*ti%n*.

Mre!er the 'in" i* -e"ient t G", %n" $ire tthe %nge(*) the '%ter* %(* t the "e&n* %n" the





e%rth t the *n* $ &en.@

III. Let +* *ee then 'hi#h $ the& p%rti#ip%te in tr+th %n" 'hi#h $

the& in errr.

The /h%("%e%n*, then, nt 1n'ing

G" 'ent %*tr% %$ter the e(e&ent*%n" -eg%n t 'r*hip the

#re%tin &re th%n their /re%tr.

An" $ the*e the $r&e" #ert%in*h%pe* %n" *t(e" the& % repre*ent%tin

$ the he%!en %n" the e%rth %n"

the *e%, $ the *+n t %n" the &n

%n" the ther pri&%( -"ie* r (+&in%rie*. An" the *h+t the& +p

tgether in *hrine*, %n" 'r*hip

the&, #%((ing the& g"*, e!en th+ghthe h%!e t g+%r" the& *e#+re(

$r $e%r the *h+(" -e *t(en -

r--er*. An" the "i" nt per#ei!eth%t %nthing 'hi#h %#t* %* g+%r"

i* gre%ter th%n th%t 'hi#h i* g+%r"e",

%n" th%t he 'h &%1e* i* gre%ter th%n th%t 'hi#h i* &%"e. Fr i$

their g"* %re +n$it t (1 %$ter their 'n *%$et, h' *h%(( the

-e*t' prte#tin +pn ther*Gre%t then i* the errr int 'hi#h the

/h%("%e%n* '%n"ere" in %"ring

(i$e(e** %n" g"$rnthing i&%ge*.

An" it ##+r* t &e %* *+rpri*ing,O King, h' it i* th%t their *#%((e"

phi(*pher* h%!e 5+ite $%i(e" t

-*er!e th%t the e(e&ent* the&*e(!e*

%re peri*h%-(e. An" i$ the e(e&ent*%re peri*h%-(e %n" *+-e#t t ne#e**it,

h' %re the g"* An" i$ thee(e&ent* %re nt g"*, h' " the

i&%ge* &%"e in their hn+r #&e

t -e g"*

III. Let +* -egin, then, 'ith the B%r-%ri%n*, %n"g n t the re*t $ the n%tin* ne %$ter %nther,

th%t 'e &% *ee 'hi#h $ the& h(" the tr+th %* t

G" %n" 'hi#h $ the& h(" errr.

The B%r-%ri%n*, then, %* the "i" nt %pprehen"G", 'ent %*tr% %&ng the e(e&ent*, %n" -eg%n t

'r*hip thing* #re%te" in*te%" $ their /re%tr)C

%n" $r thi* en" the &%"e i&%ge* %n" *h+t the&+p in *hrine*, %n" ( the 'r*hip the&, g+%r"ing

the& the 'hi(e 'ith &+#h #%re, (e*t their g"* -e

*t(en - r--er*. An" the B%r-%ri%n* "i" nt

-*er!eth%t th%t 'hi#h %#t* %* g+%r" i* gre%ter th%n

th%t 'hi#h i* g+%r"e", %n" th%t e!er ne 'h

#re%te* i* gre%ter th%n th%t 'hi#h i* #re%te". I$ it -e, then, th%t their g"* %re t $ee-(e t *ee t

their 'n *%$et, h' 'i(( the t%1e th+ght $r the

*%$et $ &en Gre%t then i* the errr int 'hi#hthe B%r-%ri%n* '%n"ere" in 'r*hipping (i$e(e**

i&%ge* 'hi#h #%n " nthing t he(p the&. An"

I %& (e" t 'n"er, O King, %t their phi(*pher*,h' th%t e!en the 'ent %*tr%, %n" g%!e the n%&e

$ g"* t i&%ge* 'hi#h 'ere &%"e in hn+r $ the e(e&ent*) %n" th%t their *%ge* "i" nt per#ei!e

th%t the e(e&ent* %(* %re "i**(+-(e %n" peri*h%-(e.Fr i$ % *&%(( p%rt $ %n e(e&ent i* "i**(!e" r

"e*tre",

the 'h(e $ it &% -e "i**(!e" %n" "e*tre".I$ then the e(e&ent* the&*e(!e* %re "i**(!e"

%n" "e*tre" %n" $r#e" t -e *+-e#t t %nther

th%t i* &re *t+--rn th%n the, %n" i$ the %rent in their n%t+re g"*, 'h, $r*th, " the #%((

the i&%ge* 'hi#h %re &%"e in their hn+r, G"

Gre%t, then, i* the errr 'hi#h the phi(*pher*%&ng the& h%!e -r+ght +pn their $(('er*.








IV. Let +* pr#ee" then, O King,

t the e(e&ent* the&*e(!e* th%t 'e

&% *h' in reg%r" t the& th%t

the %re nt g"*, -+t peri*h%-(e %n"

&+t%-(e, pr"+#e" +t $ th%t'hi#h "i" nt e7i*t %t the #&&%n"

$ the tr+e G", 'h i* in"e*tr+#ti-(e%n" i&&+t%-(e %n" in!i*i-(e) et

He *ee* %(( thing* %n" %* He

'i((*, &"i$ie* %n" #h%nge* thing*.8h%t then *h%(( I *% #n#erning the

e(e&ent*

The err 'h -e(ie!e th%t the

*1 i* % g". Fr 'e *ee th%t it

re!(!e* %n" &!e* - ne#e**it %n"i* #&p%#te" $ &%n p%rt*, -eing

then#e #%((e" the r"ere" +ni!er*e2K*&*3. N' the +ni!er*e i* the

#n*tr+#tin $ *&e "e*igner) %n"

th%t 'hi#h h%* -een #n*tr+#te"

h%* % -eginning %n" %n en". An"the *1 'ith it* (+&in%rie* &!e*

- ne#e**it. Fr the *t%r* %re

#%rrie" %(ng in %rr% %t $i7e" inter!%(*$r& *ign t *ign, %n", *&e *etting,

ther* ri*ing, the tr%!er*e their #+r*e* in "+e *e%*n * %* t &%r1 $$ *+&&er* %n" 'inter*, %* it h%*

-een %ppinte" $r the& - G")

%n" -eing the ine!it%-(e ne#e**it

$ their n%t+re the tr%n*gre** nttheir prper (i&it*, 1eeping #&p%n

'ith the he%!en( r"er. 8hen#e

it i* p(%in th%t the *1 i* nt %g" -+t r%ther % 'r1 $ G".

IV. Let +* t+rn n', O King, t the e(e&ent* in

the&*e(!e*, th%t 'e &% &%1e #(e%r in reg%r" t

the&, th%t the %re nt g"*, -+t % #re%te" thing,

(i%-(e t r+in %n" #h%nge, 'hi#h i* $ the *%&e

n%t+re%* &%n) 'here%* G" i* i&peri*h%-(e %n"

+n!%ring,%n" in!i*i-(e, 'hi(e et He *ee*, %n" !err+(e*,

%n" tr%n*$r&* %(( thing*.

The erre" %(* 'h -e(ie!e" thee%rth t -e % g""e**. Fr 'e *ee

th%t it i* "e*pite$+(( +*e" %n"tr%nnie" !er - &en, %n" i* $+rr'e"

%n" 1ne%"e" %n" -e#&e* $

n %##+nt. Fr i$ it -e -+rne"

'ith $ire, it -e#&e* "e!i" $ (i$e)$r nthing 'i(( gr' $r& the

Th*e then 'h -e(ie!e #n#erning the e%rth th%tit i* % g" h%!e hithert "e#ei!e" the&*e(!e*, *in#e

it i* $+rr'e" %n" *et 'ith p(%nt* %n" tren#he") %n"

it t%1e* in the $i(th re$+*e $ &en %n" -e%*t* %n"#%tt(e. An" %t ti&e* it -e#&e* +n$r+it$+(, $r i$

it -e -+rnt t %*he* it -e#&e* "e!i" $ (i$e, $r

nthing ger&in%te* $r& %n e%rthen %r. An" -e*i"e*



%*he*. Be*i"e* i$ there $%(( +pn it

%n e7#e** $ r%in it "i**(!e* %'%,

-th it %n" it* $r+it*. Mre!er iti* tr""en +n"er $t $ &en %n"

the ther #re%t+re*) it i* "e" 'ith

the -(" $ the &+r"ere") it i* "+gpen %n" $i((e" 'ith "e%" -"ie* %n"

-e#&e* % t&- $r #rp*e*. In $%#e

$ %(( thi*, it i* in%"&i**i-(e th%t

the e%rth i* % g""e** -+t r%ther it i*% 'r1 $ G" $r the +*e $ &en.

i$ '%ter -e #((e#te" +pn it, it i* "i**(!e"

tgether 'ith it* pr"+#t*. An" ( it i* tr""en

+n"er $t $ &en %n" -e%*t, %n" re#ei!e* the

-("*t%in*$ the *(%in) %n" it i* "+g pen, %n" $i((e" 'ith

the "e%", %n" -e#&e* % t&- $r #rp*e*. B+t it i*i&p**i-(e th%t % n%t+re, 'hi#h i* h( %n" 'rth

%n" -(e**e" %n" i&&rt%(, *h+(" %((' $ %n ne

$ the*e thing*. An" hen#e it %ppe%r* t +* th%t thee%rth i* nt % g" -+t % #re%tin $ G".

V. The %(* erre" 'h -e(ie!e"the '%ter t -e % g". Fr it, t,

h%* -een &%"e $r the +*e $ &en,%n" i* #ntr((e" - the&) it i*"e$i(e" %n" "e*tre" %n" *+$$er*

#h%nge n -eing -i(e" %n" "e"

'ith #(+r*) %n" it i* #nge%(e" -

the $r*t, %n" p((+te" 'ith -(",

%n" i* intr"+#e" $r the '%*hing $

%(( +n#(e%n thing*. 8here$re it i*

i&p**i-(e th%t '%ter *h+(" -e %g", -+t it i* % 'r1 $ G".

The %(* err 'h -e(ie!e th%t $ire

i* % g". Fr $ire '%* &%"e $r the

+*e $ &en, %n" it i* #ntr((e" -the&, -eing #%rrie" %-+t $r& p(%#e

t p(%#e $r -i(ing %n" r%*ting

%(( 1in"* $ &e%t, %n" e!en $r 2the

-+rning $3 "e%" -"ie*. Mre!erit i* e7ting+i*he" in &%n '%*,

-eing 5+en#he" thr+gh &%n* %gen#.

S it #%nnt -e %(('e" th%t $ire

i* % g", -+t it i* % 'r1 $ G".

The %(* err 'h thin1 the -('ing

$ the 'in"* i* % g""e**. Fr it

i* #(e%r th%t it i* +n"er the "&inin$ %nther) %n" $r the *%1e $ &%n

it h%* -een "e*igne" - G" $r

the tr%n*prt $ *hip* %n" the

V. In the *%&e '%, %g%in, th*e erre" 'h -e(ie!e"the '%ter* t -e g"*. Fr the '%ter* 'ere

#re%te" $r the +*e $ &%n, %n" %re p+t +n"er hi*r+(e in &%n '%*. Fr the *+$$er #h%nge %n"%"&it i&p+rit, %n" %re "e*tre" %n" (*e their

n%t+re 'hi(e the %re -i(e" int &%n *+-*t%n#e*.

An" the t%1e #(+r* 'hi#h " nt -e(ng t the&)

the %re %(* #nge%(e" - $r*t %n" %re &ing(e"%n"

per&e%te" 'ith the $i(th $ &en %n" -e%*t*, %n" 'ith

the -(" $ the *(%in. An" -eing #he#1e" - *1i((e"'r1&en thr+gh the re*tr%int $ %5+e"+#t*, the

$(' %n" %re "i!erte" %g%in*t their in#(in%tin, %n"

#&e int g%r"en* %n" ther p(%#e* in r"er th%tthe

&% -e #((e#te" %n" i**+e $rth %* % &e%n* $

$erti(it

$r &%n, %n" th%t the &% #(e%n*e %'% e!eri&p+rit %n" $+($i( the *er!i#e &%n re5+ire* $r&

the&. 8here$re it i* i&p**i-(e th%t the '%ter*

*h+(" -e % g", -+t the %re % 'r1 $ G" %n" % p%rt $ the 'r(".

In (i1e &%nner %(* the 'h -e(ie!e" th%t $ire

i* % g" erre" t n *(ight e7tent. Fr it, t, '%*#re%te" $r the *er!i#e $ &en, %n" i* *+-e#t tthe&

in &%n '%*<in the prep%r%tin $ &e%t*, %n" %*

%&e%n* $ #%*ting &et%(*, %n" $r ther en"* 'here$

+r M%e*t i* %'%re. At the *%&e ti&e it i*

5+en#he" %n" e7ting+i*he" in &%n '%*.



#n!e%n#e $ gr%in %n" $r &%n*

ther '%nt*. It ri*e* t %n" $%((* %t the

-i""ing $ G", 'hen#e it i* #n#(+"e"

th%t the -('ing $ the 'in"* i* nt

% g""e** -+t n( % 'r1 $ G".

Ag%in the %(* erre" 'h -e(ie!e" the &tin $

the 'in"* t -e % g". Fr it i* 'e(( 1n'n t +*

th%t th*e 'in"* %re +n"er the "&inin $ %nther,

%t ti&e* their &tin in#re%*e*, %n" %t ti&e* it

$%i(* %n" #e%*e* %t the #&&%n" $ hi& 'h#ntr(*

the&. Fr the 'ere #re%te" - G" $r the *%1e $ &en, in r"er t *+pp( the ne#e**it $ tree* %n"

$r+it* %n" *ee"*) %n" t -ring !er the *e% *hip*

'hi#h #n!e $r &en ne#e**%rie* %n" g"* $r& p(%#e* 'here the %re $+n" t p(%#e* 'here the

%re

nt $+n") %n" t g!ern the 5+%rter* $ the 'r(".

An" %* $r it*e($, %t ti&e* it in#re%*e* %n" %g%in%-%te*) %n" in ne p(%#e -ring* he(p %n" in %nther

#%+*e* "i*%*ter %t the -i""ing $ hi& 'h r+(e* it.An" &%n1in" t %re %-(e - 1n'n &e%n* t#n$ine

%n" 1eep it in #he#1 in r"er th%t it &% $+($i( $r

the& the *er!i#e the re5+ire $r& it. An" $ it*e($ it h%* nt %n %+thrit %t %((. An" hen#e it i*

i&p**i-(e

th%t the 'in"* *h+(" -e #%((e" g"*, -+t r%ther% thing &%"e - G".

VI. The %(* err 'h -e(ie!e the

*+n t -e % g". Fr 'e *ee th%t it&!e* - ne#e**it %n" re!(!e* %n"

p%**e* $r& *ign t *ign, *etting%n" ri*ing * %* t gi!e '%r&th t

p(%nt* %n" ten"er *ht* $r the +*e

$ &%n.

Be*i"e* it h%* it* p%rt in #&&n'ith the re*t $ the *t%r*, %n" i*

&+#h *&%((er th%n the *1) it *+$$er*

e#(ip*e $ it* (ight %n" i* nt the

*+-e#t $ it* 'n (%'*. 8here$reit i* #n#(+"e" th%t the *+n i* nt %

g", -+t n( % 'r1 $ G". The%(* err 'h -e(ie!e th%t the &n i*

% g""e**. Fr 'e *ee th%t it &!e*

- ne#e**it %n" re!(!e* %n" p%**e*

$r& *ign t *ign, *etting %n" ri*ing$r the -ene$it $ &en) %n" it i* (e**

VI. S %(* the erre" 'h -e(ie!e" th%t the *+n

i* % g". Fr 'e *ee th%t it i* &!e" - the#&p+(*in

$ %nther, %n" re!(!e* %n" &%1e* it* +rne,%n" pr#ee"* $r& *ign t *ign, ri*ing %n" *etting

e!er "%, * %* t gi!e '%r&th $r the gr'th $

p(%nt* %n" tree*, %n" t -ring $rth int the %ir 'here'ith it 2*+n(ight3 i* &ing(e" e!er gr'ing

thing 'hi#h i* +pn the e%rth. An" t it there

-e(ng*

- #&p%ri*n % p%rt in #&&n 'ith the re*t $the *t%r* in it* #+r*e) %n" th+gh it i* ne in it*

n%t+re it i* %**#i%te" 'ith &%n p%rt* $r the*+pp($ the nee"* $ &en) %n" th%t nt %##r"ing t it*

'n 'i(( -+t r%ther %##r"ing t the 'i(( $ hi& 'h

r+(e* it. An" hen#e it i* i&p**i-(e th%t the *+n*h+(" -e % g", -+t the 'r1 $ G") %n" in (i1e

&%nner %(* the &n %n" the *t%r*.



in %((eging th%t &%n g"*

h%!e #&e int -eing, *&e $ the&

&%(e, *&e $e&%(e, pr%#ti*e" &%*ter*

in e!er p%**in %n" e!er !%riet $ $((. An" the Gree1* the&*e(!e*

repre*ente" the& t -e %"+(terer* %n"&+r"erer*, 'r%th$+( %n" en!i+*

%n" p%**in%te, *(%er* $ $%ther*

%n" -rther*, thie!e* %n" r--er*,#ripp(e" %n" (i&ping, 'r1er* in

&%gi#, %n" !i#ti&* $ $ren. S&e

$ the& "ie" 2%* their %##+nt ge*3,

%n" *&e 'ere *tr+#1 - th+n"er-(t*,%n" -e#%&e *(%!e* t &en, %n" 'ere

$+giti!e*, %n" the &+rne" %n"(%&ente", %n" #h%nge" the&*e(!e*int %ni&%(* $r 'i#1e" %n"

*h%&e$+( en"*. 00

8here$re, O King, the %re ri"i#+(+*

%n" %-*+r" %n" i&pi+* t%(e* th%tthe Gree1* h%!e intr"+#e", gi!ing

the n%&e $ g"* t th*e 'h

%re nt g"*, t *+it their +nh("e*ire*, in r"er th%t, h%!ing

the& %* p%trn* $ !i#e, the &ight#&&it %"+(ter %n" r--er %n"" &+r"er %n" ther *h#1ing "ee"*.

Fr i$ their g"* "i" *+#h "ee"* 'h

*h+(" nt the %(* " the&

S th%t $r& the*e &i*g+i"e" pr%#ti#e* it h%* -een the (t $

&%n1in" t h%!e $re5+ent '%r* %n"

*(%+ghter* %n" -itter #%pti!itie*.

&%n $i#titi+* g"*, %n" h%!e *et +p *&e $ the&

%* &%(e* %n" *&e %* $e&%(e*) %n" in th%t *&e $

their g"* 'ere $+n" 'h 'ere %"+(terer*, %n" "i"

&+r"er, %n" 'ere "e(+"e", %n" en!i+*, %n"

'r%th$+(%n" p%**in%te, %n" p%rri#i"e*, %n" thie!e*, %n"

r--er*. An" *&e $ the&, the *%, 'ere #ripp(e"%n" (i&pe", %n" *&e 'ere *r#erer*, %n" *&e

%#t+%((

'ent &%", %n" *&e p(%e" n (re*, %n" *&e'ere gi!en t r%&ing n the hi((*, %n" *&e e!en

"ie", %n" *&e 'ere *tr+#1 "e%" - (ightning, %n"

*&e 'ere &%"e *er!%nt* e!en t &en, %n" *&e

e*#%pe" - $(ight, %n" *&e 'ere 1i"n%ppe" -&en,

%n" *&e, in"ee", 'ere (%&ente" %n" "ep(re" -&en. An" *&e, the *%, 'ent "'n t She(,%n" *&e 'ere grie!+*( '+n"e", %n" *&e

tr%n*$r&e"

the&*e(!e* int the (i1ene** $ %ni&%(* t*e"+#e the r%#e $ &rt%( '&en, %n" *&e

p((+te"

the&*e(!e* 09 - (ing 'ith &%(e*. An" *&e, the*%, 'ere 'e""e" t their &ther* %n" their *i*ter*

%n" their "%+ghter*. An" the *% $ their g"*

th%t the #&&itte" %"+(ter 'ith the "%+ghter* $

&en) %n" $ the*e there '%* -rn % #ert%in r%#e'hi#h %(* '%* &rt%(. An" the *% th%t *&e $

the $e&%(e* "i*p+te" %-+t -e%+t, %n" %ppe%re"

-e$re &en $r +"g&ent. Th+*, O King, h%!e theGree1* p+t $r'%r" $+(ne**, %n" %-*+r"it, %n"

$(( %-+t their g"* %n" %-+t the&*e(!e*, in th%t

the h%!e #%((e" th*e th%t %re $ *+#h % n%t+reg"*, 'h %re n g"*. An" hen#e &%n1in" h%!e

re#ei!e" in#ite&ent* t #&&it %"+(ter %n"

$rni#%tin,

%n" t *te%( %n" t pr%#ti*e %(( th%t i* $$en*i!e

%n" h%te" %n" %-hrre". Fr i$ the 'h %re #%((e"their g"* pr%#ti*e" %(( the*e thing* 'hi#h %re

'ritten%-!e, h' &+#h &re *h+(" &en pr%#ti*e

the&&en, 'h -e(ie!e th%t their g"*

the&*e(!e* pr%#ti*e" the&. An" 'ing t the $+(ne** $ thi*

errr there h%!e h%ppene" t &%n1in" h%r%**ing







'%r*, %n" gre%t $%&ine*, %n" -itter #%pti!it, %n"

#&p(ete "e*(%tin. An" ( it '%* - re%*n $

thi* %(ne th%t the *+$$ere" %n" th%t %(( the*e thing*

#%&e +pn the&) %n" 'hi(e the en"+re" th*e

thing* the "i" nt per#ei!e in their &in" th%t $r their errr th*e thing* #%&e +pn the&.

IX. B+t, $+rther, i$ 'e -e &in"e"

t "i*#+** their g"* in"i!i"+%((,

+ 'i(( *ee h' gre%t i* the %-*+r"it)$r in*t%n#e, h' Krn* i*

-r+ght $r'%r" - the& %* % g"

%-!e %((, %n" the *%#ri$i#e their 'n #hi("ren t hi&. An" he h%"

&%n *n* - Rhe%, %n" in hi* &%"ne**"e!+re" hi* 'n $$*pring. An"the *% th%t =e+* #+t $$ hi*

&e&-er* %n" #%*t the& int the *e%,

'hen#e Aphr"ite i* *%i" in $%-(e

t -e engen"ere". =e+*, then, h%!ing -+n" hi* 'n $%ther, #%*t hi&

int T%rt%r*. Y+ *ee the errr

%n" -r+t%(it 'hi#h the %"!%n#e%g%in*t their g" I* it p**i-(e,

then, th%t % g" *h+(" -e &%n%#(e"

%n" &+ti(%te" 8h%t %-*+r"it8h 'ith %n 'it '+(" e!er *% *

Ne7t =e+* i* intr"+#e", %n" the

*% th%t he '%* 1ing $ their g"*,

%n" th%t he #h%nge" hi&*e($ int%ni&%(* th%t he &ight "e-%+#h &rt%(

'&en.

Fr the %((ege th%t he tr%n*$r&e"hi&*e($ int % -+(( $r E+rpe,

%n" int g(" $r D%n%e, %n"

int % *'%n $r Le"%, %n" int %*%tr $r Antipe, %n" int % th+n"er-(t$r Se&e(e. Then - the*e there

'ere &%n #hi("ren, Din**

%n" =eth+* %n" A&phin %n"Her%1(e* %n" Ap(( %n" Arte&i* %n"

Per*e+*, K%*tr %n" He(ene* %n"

P("e+1e* %n" Min* %n"

IX. Let +* pr#ee" $+rther t their %##+nt $

their g"* th%t 'e &% #%re$+(( "e&n*tr%te %((

th%ti* *%i" %-!e. Fir*t $ %((, the Gree1* -ring $r'%r"

%* % g" Krn*, th%t i* t *% /hi+n 0: 2S%t+rn3.

An" hi* 'r*hipper* *%#ri$i#e their #hi("ren t hi&,%n" the -+rn *&e $ the& %(i!e in hi* hn+r.

An" the *% th%t he t1 t hi& %&ng hi* 'i!e*Rhe%, %n" -eg%t &%n #hi("ren - her. B her the -eg%t Di*, 'h i* #%((e" =e+*. An" %t (ength he

2Krn*3 'ent &%", %n" thr+gh $e%r $ %n r%#(e

th%t h%" -een &%"e 1n'n t hi&, he -eg%n t

"e!+rhi* *n*. An" $r& hi& =e+* '%* *t(en %'%

'ith+t hi* 1n'(e"ge) %n" %t (ength =e+* -+n"

hi&, %n" &+ti(%te" the *ign* $ hi* &%nh", %n"$(+ng the& int the *e%. An" hen#e, %* the *% in

$%-(e, there '%* engen"ere" Aphr"ite, 'h i*

#%((e"A*t%rte. An" he 2=e+*3 #%*t +t Krn* $ettere"

int "%r1ne**. Gre%t then i* the errr %n" ign&in

'hi#h the Gree1* h%!e -r+ght $r'%r" %-+t the

$ir*t $ their g"*, in th%t the h%!e *%i" %(( thi*%-+t hi&, O King. It i* i&p**i-(e th%t % g"

*h+(" -e -+n" r &+ti(%te") %n" i$ it -e ther'i*e,

he i* in"ee" &i*er%-(e.

An" %$ter Krn* the -ring $r'%r" %nther g"

=e+*. An" the *% $ hi& th%t he %**+&e" the*!ereignt, %n" '%* 1ing !er %(( the g"*. An"the *% th%t he #h%nge" hi&*e($ int % -e%*t %n"

ther *h%pe* in r"er t *e"+#e &rt%( '&en, %n"

tr%i*e +p - the& #hi("ren $r hi&*e($. On#e, the

*%, he #h%nge" hi&*e($ int % -+(( thr+gh (!e $

E+rpe %n" P%*iph%e.0; An" %g%in he #h%nge"








Rh%"%&%nth*

%n" S%rpe"n, %n" the nine

"%+ghter* 'h& the #%((e" the

M+*e*. Then t the -ring $r'%r"

*t%te&ent* %-+t the &%tter $ G%n&e"e*.

Hen#e it h%ppene", O King, t

&%n1in" t i&it%te %(( the*e thing*%n" t -e#&e %"+(ter+* &en %n"

(%*#i!i+* '&en, %n" t -e 'r1er*

$ ther terri-(e ini5+itie*, thr+ghthe i&it%tin $ their g". N'

h' i* it p**i-(e th%t % g" *h+("

-e %n %"+(terer r %n -*#ene per*n

r % p%rri#i"e

hi&*e($

int the (i1ene** $ g(" thr+gh (!e $ D%n%e,

%n" t % *'%n thr+gh (!e $ Le"%, %n" t % &%n

thr+gh (!e $ Antipe, %n" t (ightning thr+gh

(!e $ L+n%,06

%n" * - the*e he -eg%t &%n#hi("ren.

Fr - Antipe, the *%, th%t he -eg%t =eth+*%n" A&phin, %n" - L+n% Din**, - A(#&en%

Her#+(e*, %n" - Let, Ap(( %n" Arte&i*, %n"

- D%n%e, Per*e+*, %n" - Le"%, /%*tr %n"P("e+#e*,

%n" He(ene %n" P%(+"+*,0? %n" - Mne&*ne

he -eg%t nine "%+ghter* 'h& the *t(e" the

M+*e*,%n" - E+rpe, Min* %n" Rh%"%&%nth* %n"

S%rpe"n.An" (%*t( he #h%nge" hi&*e($ int the (i1ene**$ %n e%g(e thr+gh hi* p%**in $r G%n"e&*

2G%n&e"e3 the *hepher".

B re%*n $ the*e t%(e*, O King, &+#h e!i( h%*

%ri*en %&ng &en, 'h t thi* "% %re i&it%tr* $ their g"*, %n" pr%#ti*e %"+(ter %n" "e$i(e the&

*e(!e* 'ith their &ther* %n" their *i*ter*, %n" -

(ing 'ith &%(e*, %n" *&e &%1e -(" t *(% e!entheir p%rent*. Fr i$ he 'h, i* *%i" t -e the #hie$

%n" 1ing $ their g"* " the*e thing* h' &+#h&re *h+(" hi* 'r*hipper* i&it%te hi& An"gre%t i* the $(( 'hi#h the Gree1* h%!e -r+ght

$r'%r" in their n%rr%ti!e #n#erning hi&. Fr it i*

i&p**i-(e th%t % g" *h+(" pr%#ti*e %"+(ter r

$rni#%tin r #&e ne%r t (ie 'ith &%(e*, r 1i((hi*

p%rent*) %n" i$ it -e ther'i*e, he i* &+#h 'r*e

th%n % "e*tr+#ti!e "e&n.

X. A(ng 'ith hi&, t, the -ring $r'%r" ne Heph%i*t* %* %g", %n" the *% th%t he i* (%&e

%n" 'ie("* % h%&&er %n" tng*,

'r1ing %* % *&ith $r hi* (i!ing.

I* he then -%"( $$ B+t it #%nnt -e %"&itte" th%t % g" *h+(" -e

X. Ag%in the -ring $r'%r" %* %nther g"Heph%i*t*. An" the *% $ hi&, th%t he i* (%&e,%n" % #%p i* *et n hi* he%", %n" he h("* in hi*

h%n"* $iretng* %n" % h%&&er) %n" he $(('* the

#r%$t $ irn 'r1ing, th%t there- he &% pr#+rethe ne#e**%rie* $ hi* (i!e(ih". I* then thi* g" *

!er nee" B+t it #%nnt -e th%t % g" *h+(" -e








% #ripp(e, %n" -e*i"e* -e "epen"ent

n &%n1in".

Then the -ring $r'%r" Her&e*

%* % g", repre*enting hi& t -e (+*t$+(,%n" % thie$, %n" #!et+*, %n" %

&%gi#i%n 2%n" &%i&e"3 %n" %n interpreter

$ (%ng+%ge. B+t it #%nnt -e %"&itte" th%t *+#h %n ne i* %

g".

The %(* -ring $r'%r" A*1(epi*%* % g" 'h i* % "#tr %n" prep%re*

"r+g* %n" #&p+n"* p(%*ter*

$r the *%1e $ % (i!ing. Fr he '%* -%"( $$. An" %$ter'%r"* he '%**tr+#1, the *%, 'ith % th+n"er-(t

- =e+* n %##+nt $ Tn"%re*,

*n $ L%#e"%i&n) %n" * '%*1i((e". N' i$ A*1(epi* in *pite

$ hi* "i!init #+(" nt he(p hi&*e($

'hen *tr+#1 - (ightning, h''i(( he #&e t the re*#+e $ ther*

Ag%in Are* i* repre*ente" %* %

g", $n" $ *tri$e %n" gi!en t e%(+*, %n" % (!er $ %ni&%(* %n"ther *+#h thing*. An" %t (%*t 'hi(e

#rr+pting Aphr"ite, he '%* -+n"

- the +th$+( Er* %n" - Heph%i*t*.H' then '%* he % g" 'h

'%* *+-e#t t "e*ire, %n" % '%rrir,

%n" % pri*ner %n" %n %"+(terer

The %((ege th%t Din** %(* i*% g" 'h h("* night( re!e(* %n"

te%#he* "r+n1enne**, %n" #%rrie* $$ the neigh-+r* 'i!e*, %n" ge*

&%" %n" t%1e* t $(ight. An" %t(%*t he '%* p+t t "e%th - the

Tit%n*. I$ then Din** #+(" nt

*%!e hi&*e($ 'hen he '%* -eing1i((e", %n" -e*i"e* +*e" t -e &%",

%n" "r+n1 'ith 'ine, %n" % $+giti!e,

nee" r (%&e, e(*e he i* !er 'rth(e**.

An" $+rther the -ring in %nther g" %n" #%((

hi& Her&e*. An" the *% th%t he i* % thie$,0@ %

(!er $ %!%ri#e, %n" gree" $r g%in, %n" %&%gi#i%n

%n" &+ti(%te" %n" %n %th(ete, %n" %n interpreter $

(%ng+%ge. B+t it i* i&p**i-(e th%t % g" *h+(" -e

% &%gi#i%n r %!%ri#i+*, r &%i&e", r #r%!ing $r 'h%t i* nt hi*, r %n %th(ete. An" i$ it -e ther'i*e,

he i* $+n" t -e +*e(e**.

An" %$ter hi& the -ring $r'%r" %* %nther g"A*1(epi*. An" the *% th%t he i* % ph*i#i%n %n"

prep%re* "r+g* %n" p(%*ter th%t he &% *+pp( the

ne#e**%rie* $ hi* (i!e(ih". I* then thi* g" in'%nt An" %t (ength he '%* *tr+#1 'ith (ightning - Di* n %##+nt $ Tn"%re* $ L%#e"%e&n,

%n"

* he "ie". I$ then A*1(epi* 'ere % g", %n", 'henhe '%* *tr+#1 'ith (ightning, '%* +n%-(e t he(p

hi&*e($,

h' *h+(" he -e %-(e t gi!e he(p t ther*B+t th%t % "i!ine n%t+re *h+(" -e in '%nt r -e

"e*tre" - (ightning i* i&p**i-(e.

An" %g%in the -ring $r'%r" %nther %* % g",%n" the #%(( hi& Are*. An" the *% th%t he i* %'%rrir, %n" e%(+*, %n" #!et* *heep %n" thing*

'hi#h %re nt hi*. An" he &%1e* g%in - hi* %r&*.

An" the *% th%t %t (ength he #&&itte" %"+(ter'ith Aphr"ite, %n" '%* #%+ght - the (itt(e -

Er* %n" - Heph%i*t* the h+*-%n" $ Aphr"ite.

B+t it i* i&p**i-(e th%t % g" *h+(" -e % '%rrir r

-+n" r %n %"+(terer.

An" %g%in the *% $ Din** th%t he $r*th

i* % g", 'h %rr%nge* #%r+*%(* - night, %n"te%#he*

"r+n1enne**, %n" #%rrie* $$ '&en 'h " nt -e(ng t hi&. An" %t (ength, the *%, he 'ent &%"

%n" "i*&i**e" hi* h%n"&%i"en* %n" $(e" int the

"e*ert) %n" "+ring hi* &%"ne** he %te *erpent*.An" %t (%*t he '%* 1i((e" - Tit%n*. I$ then

Din** 'ere % g", %n" 'hen he '%* -eing 1i((e"





h' *h+(" he -e % g"

The %((ege %(* th%t Her%1(e* gt

"r+n1 %n" 'ent &%" %n" #+t the

thr%t* $ hi* 'n #hi("ren, then he'%* #n*+&e" - $ire %n" * "ie".

N' h' *h+(" he -e % g", 'h

'%* "r+n1 %n" % *(%er $ #hi("ren

%n" -+rne" t "e%th r h' 'i((he #&e t the he(p $ ther*, 'hen

he '%* +n%-(e t he(p hi&*e($

'%* +n%-(e t he(p hi&*e($, h' i* it p**i-(e th%t

he

*h+(" he(p ther*

Her%1(e* ne7t the -ring $r'%r" %n" *% th%t hei* % g", 'h h%te* "ete*t%-(e thing*, % tr%nt,0C

%n" '%rrir %n" % "e*trer $ p(%g+e*. An" $ hi&

%(* the *% th%t %t (ength he -e#%&e &%" %n"

1i((e"hi* 'n #hi("ren, %n" #%*t hi&*e($ int % $ire %n"

"ie". I$ then Her%1(e* i* % g", %n" in %(( the*e

#%(%&itie* '%* +n%-(e t re*#+e hi&*e($, h' *h+("ther* %*1 he(p $r& hi& B+t it i* i&p**i-(e

th%t % g" *h+(" -e &%", r "r+n1en r % *(%er $

hi* #hi("ren, r #n*+&e" - $ire.

XI. The repre*ent Ap(( %(* %*

% e%(+* g", %n" -e*i"e* %* the&%*ter $ the -' %n" 5+i!er, %n"

*&eti&e* $ the (re %n" $(+te, %n" %*

"i!ining t &en $r p% /%n hethen -e !er -%"( $$ B+t it

#%nnt -e %"&itte" th%t % g" *h+("

-e in '%nt, %n" e%(+*, %n" %h%rping &in*tre(.

The repre*ent Arte&i* %(* %* hi*

*i*ter, 'h i* % h+ntre** %n" h%* %

-' 'ith % 5+i!er) %n" *he r%&*%(ne +pn the hi((* 'ith the "g*

t h+nt the *t%g r the 'i(" -%r.

H' then *h+(" *+#h % '&%n,

'h h+nt* %n" r%&* 'ith her "g*, -e % "i!ine -eing

E!en Aphr"ite her*e($ the %$$ir&

t -e % g""e** 'h i* %"+(ter+*.Fr %t ne ti&e *he h%" Are*

%* % p%r%&+r, %n" %t %nther ti&e

An#hi*e* %n" %g%in A"ni*, 'h*e

"e%th *he %(* (%&ent*, $ee(ing the'%nt $ her (!er. An" the *%

th%t *he e!en 'ent "'n t H%"e*

t p+r#h%*e -%#1 A"ni* $r&

XI. An" %$ter hi& the -ring $r'%r" %nther g" %n" #%(( hi& Ap((n. An" the *% th%t he i*

e%(+* %n" in#n*t%nt, %n" %t ti&e* he h("* the

-' %n" 5+i!er, %n" %g%in the (re %n" p(e#trn.

An" he +tter* r%#(e* $r &en th%t he &% re#ei!ere'%r"* $r& the&. I* then thi* g" in nee" $

re'%r"* B+t it i* %n in*+(t th%t %(( the*e thing*

*h+(" -e $+n" 'ith % g".

An" %$ter hi& the -ring $r'%r" %* % g""e**

Arte&i*, the *i*ter $ Ap(() %n" the *% th%t *he'%* % h+ntre** %n" th%t *he her*e($ +*e" t #%rr %

-' %n" -(t*, %n" t r%& %-+t +pn the&+nt%in*,

(e%"ing the h+n"* t h+nt *t%g* r 'i(" -%r*

$ the $ie(". B+t it i* "i*gr%#e$+( th%t % !irgin &%i"*h+(" r%& %(ne +pn the hi((* r h+nt in the

#h%*e $r %ni&%(*. 8here$re it i* i&p**i-(e th%t

Arte&i* *h+(" -e % g""e**.

Ag%in the *% $ Aphr"ite th%t *he in"ee" i* %

g""e**. An" %t ti&e* *he "'e((* 'ith their g"*, -+t %t ther ti&e* *he i* % neigh-+r t &en. An"

n#e *he h%" Are* %* % (!er, %n" %g%in A"ni* 'hi* T%&&+. On#e %(*, Aphr"ite '%* '%i(ing %n"

'eeping $r the "e%th $ T%&&+, %n" the *% th%t

*he 'ent "'n t She( th%t *he &ight re"ee&

A"ni* $r& Per*ephne, 'h i* the "%+ghter $ She( 2H%"e*3. I$ then Aphr"ite i* % g""e** %n"





Per*ephne. Di" + e!er *ee, O King,

gre%ter $(( th%n thi*, t -ring $r'%r"

%* % g""e** ne 'h i* %"+(ter+*

%n" gi!en t 'eeping %n"

'%i(ing

An" the repre*ent th%t A"ni*

i* % h+nter g", 'h #%&e t %

!i(ent en", -eing '+n"e" - % 'i(" -%r %n" h%!ing n p'er t he(p

hi&*e($ in hi* "i*tre**. H' then

'i(( ne 'h i* %"+(ter+* %n" %h+nter %n" &rt%( gi!e hi&*e($ %n

#n#ern $r &%n1in"

A(( thi* %n" &+#h &re $ % (i1en%t+re, %n" e!en $%r &re "i*gr%#e$+(%n" $$en*i!e "et%i(*, h%!e the

Gree1* n%rr%te", O King, #n#erning

their g"*)"et%i(* 'hi#h it i*nt prper either t *t%te r $r %

&&ent t re&e&-er. An" hen#e

&%n1in", t%1ing %n i&p+(*e $r&their g"*, pr%#ti*e" %(( (%'(e**ne**

%n" -r+t%(it %n" i&piet, p((+ting

-th e%rth %n" %ir - their %'$+(

"ee"*.

'%* +n%-(e t he(p her (!er %t hi* "e%th, h' 'i((

*he $in" it p**i-(e t he(p ther* An" thi* #%nnt

-e (i*tene" t, th%t % "i!ine n%t+re *h+(" #&e t

'eeping %n" '%i(ing %n" %"+(ter.

An" %g%in the *% $ T%&&+ th%t he i* % g".

An" he i*, $r*th % h+nter %n" %n %"+(terer. An"

the *% th%t he '%* 1i((e" - % '+n" $r& % 'i("

-%r, 'ith+t -eing %-(e t he(p hi&*e($. An" i$ he#+(" nt he(p hi&*e($, h' #%n he t%1e th+ght $r

the h+&%n r%#e B+t th%t % g" *h+(" -e %n

%"+(tererr % h+nter r *h+(" "ie - !i(en#e i*

i&p**i-(e.

Ag%in the *% $ Rhe% th%t *he i* the &ther $ their g"*. An" the *% th%t *he h%" n#e % (!er At*, %n" th%t *he +*e" t "e(ight in "epr%!e" &en.

An" %t (%*t *he r%i*e" % (%&ent%tin %n" &+rne"

$r At* her (!er. I$ then the &ther $ their g"*'%* +n%-(e t he(p her (!er %n" "e(i!er hi& $r&

"e%th, h' #%n *he he(p ther* S it i* "i*gr%#e$+(

th%t % g""e** *h+(" (%&ent %n" 'eep %n" t%1e"e(ight in "epr%!e" &en.

Ag%in the intr"+#e Kre %n" *% th%t *he i* %

g""e**, %n" *he '%* *t(en %'% - P(+t, %n"#+("nt he(p her*e($. I$ then *he i* % g""e** %n" '%*

+n%-(e t he(p her*e($ h' 'i(( *he $in" &e%n* t

he(p ther* Fr % g" 'h i* *t(en %'% i* !er p'er(e**.

A(( thi*, then, O King, h%!e the Gree1* -r+ght

$r'%r" #n#erning their g"*, %n" the h%!e

in!ente"%n" "e#(%re" it #n#erning the&. An" hen#e

%(( &en re#ei!e" %n i&p+(*e t 'r1 %(( pr$%nit%n"

%(( "e$i(e&ent*) %n" here- the 'h(e e%rth '%*#rr+pte".

XII. The Egpti%n*, %g%in, -eing XII. The Egpti%n*, &re!er, -e#%+*e the %re



&re *t+pi" %n" 'it(e** th%n the*e

h%!e gne $+rther %*tr% th%n %(( the

n%tin*. Fr the 'ere nt #ntent

'ith the -e#t* $ 'r*hip $ the

/h%("%e%n* %n" the Gree1*, -+t in%""itin t the*e -r+ght $r'%r"

%(* -r+te #re%t+re* %* g"*, -th(%n" %n" '%ter %ni&%(*, %n" p(%nt*

%n" her-*) %n" the 'ere "e$i(e"

'ith %(( &%"ne** %n" -r+t%(it &re"eep( th%n %(( the n%tin* n the

e%rth.

Fr rigin%(( the 'r*hippe"

I*i*, 'h h%" O*iri* %* -rther %n"

h+*-%n". He '%* *(%in - hi* 'n -rther Tphn) %n" there$re I*i*

'ith Hr* her *n $(e" $r re$+ge tB-(+* in Sri%, &+rning $r O*iri*

'ith -itter (%&ent%tin, +nti( Hr*

gre' +p %n" *(e' Tphn. S th%t

neither h%" I*i* p'er t he(p her 'n -rther %n" h+*-%n") nr #+("

O*iri* "e$en" hi&*e($ 'hen he '%*

-eing *(%in - Tphn) nr "i" Tphn,the *(%er $ hi* -rther, 'hen

he '%* peri*hing %t the h%n"* $ Hr* %n" I*i*, $in" &e%n* t re*#+ehi&*e($ $r& "e%th. An" th+gh

the 'ere re!e%(e" in their tr+e

#h%r%#ter - *+#h &i*h%p*, the

'ere -e(ie!e" t -e !er g"* - the*i&p(e Egpti%n*, 'h 'ere nt *%ti*$ie"

e!en 'ith the*e r the ther

"eitie* $ the n%tin*, -+t -r+ght$r'%r" %(* -r+te #re%t+re* %* g"*.

Fr *&e $ the& 'r*hippe" the*heep, %n" *&e the g%t) %nther

tri-e 2'r*hippe"3 the -+(( %n" the pig) ther* %g%in, the r%!en %n" the

h%'1, %n" the !+(t+re %n" the e%g(e)

%n" ther* the #r#"i(e) %n" *&ethe #%t %n" the "g, %n" the '($ %n"

the %pe, %n" the "r%gn %n" the %*p)

&re -%*e %n" *t+pi" th%n e!er pep(e th%t i* n

the

e%rth, h%!e the&*e(!e* erre" &re th%n %((. Fr the

"eitie* 2r re(igin3 $ the B%r-%ri%n* %n" the

Gree1*"i" nt *+$$i#e $r the&, -+t the intr"+#e" *&e

%(* $ the n%t+re $ the %ni&%(*, %n" *%i" there$ th%t the 'ere g"*, %n" (i1e'i*e $ #reeping thing*

'hi#h %re $+n" n the "r (%n" %n" in the '%ter*.

An" $ p(%nt* %n" her-* the *%i" th%t *&e $ the&'ere g"*. An" the 'ere #rr+pte" - e!er 1in"

$ "e(+*in %n" "e$i(e&ent &re th%n e!er pep(e

th%t i* n the e%rth. Fr $r& %n#ient ti&e* the

'r*hippe" I*i*, %n" the *% th%t *he i* % g""e**'h*e h+*-%n" '%* O*iri* her -rther. An" 'hen

O*iri* '%* 1i((e" - Tphn hi* -rther, I*i* $(e"'ithHr* her *n t B-(+* in Sri%, %n" '%* there $r

%

#ert%in ti&e ti(( her *n '%* gr'n. An" he#nten"e"

'ith Tphn hi* +n#(e, %n" 1i((e" hi&. An"

then I*i* ret+rne" %n" 'ent %-+t 'ith Hr* her*n

%n" *+ght $r the "e%" -" $ O*iri* her (r",

-itter( (%&enting hi* "e%th. I$ then I*i* -e %

g""e**,%n" #+(" nt he(p O*iri* her -rther %n" (r", h'

#%n *he he(p %nther B+t it i* i&p**i-(e th%t %

"i!ine n%t+re *h+(" -e %$r%i", %n" $(ee $r *%$et, r *h+(" 'eep %n" '%i() r e(*e it i* !er &i*er%-(e.

An" $ O*iri* %(* the *% th%t he i* % *er!i#e%-(e

g". An" he '%* 1i((e" - Tphn %n" '%* +n%-(e

t he(p hi&*e($. B+t it i* 'e(( 1n'n th%t thi*#%nnt -e %**erte" $ "i!init. An" $+rther, the *%

$ hi* -rther Tphn th%t he i* % g", 'h 1i((e"

hi* -rther %n" '%* 1i((e" - hi* -rther* *n %n" -

hi*

-ri"e, -eing +n%-(e t he(p hi&*e($. An" h', pr%,i* he % g" 'h "e* nt *%!e hi&*e($

A* the Egpti%n*, then, 'ere &re *t+pi" th%n the

re*t $ the n%tin*, the*e %n" *+#h (i1e g"* "i" nt



%n" ther* the nin %n" the g%r(i#

%n" thrn* %n" ther #re%te" thing*.

An" the pr #re%t+re* " nt per#ei!e

%-+t %(( the*e th%t the %re

+tter( he(p(e**. Fr th+gh the*ee their g"* e%ten - &en $ ther

tri-e*, %n" -+rnt %* $$ering* %n"*(%in %* !i#ti&* %n" &+("ering in

"e#%, the h%!e nt per#ei!e" th%t

the %re nt g"*.

*+$$i#e $r the&. N%, -+t the e!en %pp( the n%&e

$ g"* t %ni&%(* in 'hi#h there i* n *+( %t %((.

Fr *&e $ the& 'r*hip the *heep %n" ther* the

#%($) %n" *&e the pig %n" ther* the *h%" $i*h) %n"

*&e the #r#"i(e %n" the h%'1 %n" the $i*h %n"the

i-i* %n" the !+(t+re %n" the e%g(e %n" the r%!en.S&e $ the& 'r*hip the #%t, %n" ther* the

t+r-t

$i*h, *&e the "g, *&e the %""er, %n" *&e the%*p,

%n" ther* the (in) %n" ther* the g%r(i# %n" nin*

%n" thrn*, %n" ther* the tiger %n" ther *+#h

thing*. An" the pr #re%t+re* " nt *ee th%t %((the*e thing* %re nthing, %(th+gh the "%i( 'itne**

their g"* -eing e%ten %n" #n*+&e" - &en %n"%(* - their $e(('*) 'hi(e *&e $ the& %re #re&%te",

%n" *&e "ie %n" "e#% %n" -e#&e "+*t, 'ith+t

their -*er!ing th%t the peri*h in &%n '%*. Sthe Egpti%n* h%!e nt -*er!e" th%t *+#h thing*

'hi#h %re nt e5+%( t their 'n "e(i!er%n#e, %re

ntg"*. An" i$, $r*th, the %re 'e%1 in the #%*e $

their 'n "e(i!er%n#e, 'hen#e h%!e the p'er t

he(p in the #%*e $ "e(i!er%n#e $ their 'r*hipper*

Gre%t then i* the errr int 'hi#h the Egpti%n*'%n"ere")gre%ter, in"ee", th%n th%t $ %n

pep(e

'hi#h i* +pn the $%#e $ the e%rth.

XIII. S the Egpti%n* %n" the

/h%("%e%n* %n" the Gree1* &%"e %gre%t errr in -ringing $r'%r" *+#h

-eing* %* g"*, %n" in &%1ing i&%ge*

$ the&, %n" in "ei$ing "+&- %n"

*en*e(e** i"(*.

An" I 'n"er h' the *%' their

g"* *%'n +t %n" h%#1e" %n"

"#1e" - the 'r1&en, %n" -e*i"e*%ging 'ith ti&e %n" $%((ing t

pie#e*, %n" -eing #%*t $r& &et%(,

%n" et "i" nt "i*#ern #n#erning

XIII. B+t it i* % &%r!e(, O King, 'ith reg%r" t

the Gree1*, 'h *+rp%** %(( ther pep(e* in their&%nner $ (i$e %n" re%*ning, h' the h%!e gne

%*tr%

%$ter "e%" i"(* %n" (i$e(e** i&%ge*. An" et the

*eetheir g"* in the h%n"* $ their %rti$i#er* -eing *%'n

+t, %n" p(%ne" %n" "#1e", %n" h%#1e" *hrt, %n"#h%rre", %n" rn%&ente", %n" -eing %(tere" - the&

in e!er 1in" $ '%. An" 'hen the gr' (", %n"

%re 'rn %'% thr+gh (%p*e $ ti&e, %n" 'hen the

%re &(ten %n" #r+*he" t p'"er, h', I 'n"er,"i" the nt per#ei!e #n#erning the&, th%t the %re



the& th%t the 'ere nt g"*.

Fr 'hen the h%!e n p'er t

*ee t their 'n *%$et, h' 'i(( the

t%1e $reth+ght $r &en

B+t $+rther, the pet* %n" phi(*pher*,%(i1e $ the /h%("%e%n* %n"

the Gree1* %n" the Egpti%n*, 'hi(e

the "e*ire" - their pe&* %n"'riting* t &%gni$ the g"* $ their

#+ntrie*, r%ther re!e%(e" their

*h%&e, %n" (%i" it -%re -e$re %((&en. Fr i$ the -" $ &%n 'hi(e

#n*i*ting $ &%n p%rt* "e* nt #%*t

$$ %n $ it* 'n &e&-er*, -+t pre*er!ing %n +n-r1en +nit in %(( it*&e&-er*, i* h%r&ni+* 'ith it*e($,

h' *h%(( !%ri%n#e %n" "i*#r" -e

* gre%t in the n%t+re $ G"

Fr i$ there h%" -een % +nit $

n%t+re %&ng the g"*, then ne

g" +ght nt t h%!e p+r*+e" r

*(%in r in+re" %nther. An" i$ the g"* 'ere p+r*+e" - g"*, %n"

*(%in, %n" 1i"n%ppe" %n" *tr+#1 'ith (ightning - the&, then there i*n (nger %n +nit $ n%t+re, -+t

"i!i"e" #+n*e(*, %(( &i*#hie!+*.

S th%t nt ne $ the& i* % g".It i* #(e%r then, O King, th%t %((

their "i*#+r*e n the n%t+re $ the

g"* i* %n errr.

B+t h' "i" the 'i*e %n" er+"ite&en $ the Gree1* nt -*er!e th%t

in%*&+#h %* the &%1e (%'* $r the&*e(!e* the %re +"ge" - their

'n (%'* Fr i$ the (%'* %rerighte+*, their g"* %re %(tgether

+nrighte+*, %* the h%!e #&&itte"

tr%n*gre**in* $ (%'*, in *(%ingne %nther, %n" pr%#ti*ing *r#erie*,

%n" %"+(ter %n" the$t* %n"

nt g"* An" %* $r th*e 'h "i" nt $in"

"e(i!er%n#e

$r the&*e(!e*, h' #%n the *er!e the "i*tre** $

&en

B+t e!en the 'riter* %n" phi(*pher* %&ng the&

h%!e 'rng( %((ege" th%t the g"* %re *+#h %* %re

&%"e in hn+r $ G" A(&ight. An" the err in

*ee1ing t (i1en 2the&3 t G" 'h& &%n h%* nt%t

%n ti&e *een nr #%n *ee +nt 'h%t He i* (i1e.

Herein, t 2the err3 in %**erting $ "eit th%t %n*+#h thing %* "e$i#ien# #%n -e pre*ent t it) %*

'hen

the *% th%t He re#ei!e* *%#ri$i#e %n" re5+ire*

-+rnt$$ering %n" (i-%tin %n" i&&(%tin* $ &en, %n"

te&p(e*. B+t G" i* nt in nee", %n" nne $ the*ething* i* ne#e**%r t Hi&) %n" it i* #(e%r th%t &en

err in the*e thing* the i&%gine.

F+rther their 'riter* %n" their phi(*pher*

repre*ent%n" "e#(%re th%t the n%t+re $ %(( their g"*

i* ne. An" the h%!e nt %pprehen"e" G" +r

Lr" 'h 'hi(e He i* ne, i* in %((. The err

there$re. Fr i$ the -" $ % &%n 'hi(e it i* &%nin it* p%rt* i* nt in "re%", ne &e&-er $ %nther,

-+t, *in#e it i* % +nite" -", 'h(( %gree* 'ith

it*e($) e!en * %(* G" i* ne in Hi* n%t+re. A*ing(e e**en#e i* prper t Hi&, *in#e He i* +ni$r&

in Hi* n%t+re %n" Hi* e**en#e) %n" He i* nt %$r%i"

$ Hi&*e($. I$ then the n%t+re $ the g"* i* ne,it i* nt prper th%t % g" *h+(" either p+r*+e r

*(%

r h%r& % g". I$, then, g"* -e p+r*+e" %n"'+n"e"

- g"*, %n" *&e -e 1i"n%ppe" %n" *&e *tr+#1 "e%" - (ightning, it i* -!i+* th%t the n%t+re $

their g"* i* nt ne. An" hen#e it i* 1n'n, OKing, th%t it i* % &i*t%1e 'hen the re#1n %n"

-ring the n%t+re* $ their g"* +n"er % *ing(e

n%t+re. I$ then it -e#&e* +* t %"&ire % g"'hi#h i* *een %n" "e* nt *ee, h' &+#h &re

pr%i*e'rth i* it th%t ne *h+(" -e(ie!e in % n%t+re



inter#+r*e 'ith &%(e*. I$ the

'ere right in "ing the*e thing*,

then the (%'* %re +nrighte+*, -eing

$r%&e" #ntr%r t the g"*. 8here%*

in $%#t, the (%'* %re g" %n" +*t, #&&en"ing 'h%t i* g" %n"

$r-i""ing 'h%t i* -%". B+t the"ee"* $ their g"* %re #ntr%r t

(%'. Their g"*, there$re, %re

(%'-re%1er*, %n" %(( (i%-(e t the p+ni*h&ent $ "e%th) %n" the %re

i&pi+* &en 'h intr"+#e *+#h

g"*. Fr i$ the *trie* %-+t the&

-e &thi#%(, the g"* %re nthing&re th%n &ere n%&e*) %n" i$ the

*trie* -e $+n"e" n n%t+re, *ti((the 'h "i" %n" *+$$ere" the*ething* %re n (nger g"*) %n" i$

the *trie* -e %((egri#%(, the %re

&th* %n" nthing &re.

It h%* -een *h'n then, O King,th%t %(( the*e p(thei*ti# -e#t* $

'r*hip %re the 'r1* $ errr %n"

per"itin. Fr it i* nt right t gi!ethe n%&e $ g"* t -eing* 'hi#h

&% -e *een -+t #%nnt *ee) -+t ne+ght t re!eren#e the in!i*i-(e %n"%((*eeing %n" %((#re%ting G".

'hi#h i* in!i*i-(e %n" %((*eeing An" i$ $+rther it

i* $itting th%t ne *h+(" %ppr!e the h%n"i'r1* $

% #r%$t*&%n, h' &+#h &re i* it $itting th%t ne

*h+(" g(ri$ the /re%tr $ the #r%$t*&%n

Fr -eh(" 'hen the Gree1* &%"e (%'* the "i"

nt per#ei!e th%t - their (%'* the #n"e&n their

g"*. Fr i$ their (%'* %re righte+*, their g"*

%re +nrighte+*, *in#e the tr%n*gre**e" the (%' in1i((ing ne %nther, %n" pr%#ti*ing *r#er, %n"

#&&itting %"+(ter, %n" in r--ing %n" *te%(ing,

%n" in (ing 'ith &%(e*, %n" - their ther pr%#ti*e*%* 'e((. Fr i$ their g"* 'ere right in "ing

%(( the*e thing* %* the %re "e*#ri-e", then the (%'*

$ the Gree1* %re +nrighte+* in nt -eing &%"e

%##r"ing t the 'i(( $ their g"*. An" in th%t #%*ethe 'h(e 'r(" i* gne %*tr%.

Fr the n%rr%ti!e* %-+t their g"* %re *&e $

the& &th*, %n" *&e $ the& n%t+repe&* 2(it<n%t+r%(fusikai/3, %n" *&e $ the& h&n* %n"

e(egie*. The h&n* in"ee" %n" e(egie* %re e&pt

'r"* %n" ni*e. B+t the*e n%t+repe&*, e!en i$

the -e &%"e %* the *%, *ti(( th*e %re nt g"*'h

" *+#h thing* %n" *+$$er %n" en"+re *+#h thing*.

An" th*e &th* %re *h%((' t%(e* 'ith n "epth'h%te!er in the&.

XIV. Let +* pr#ee" then, O King,t the Je'* %(*, th%t 'e &% *ee

'h%t tr+th there i* in their !ie' $

G". Fr the 'ere "e*#en"%nt* $ A-r%h%& %n" I*%%# %n" J%#-, %n"

&igr%te" t Egpt. An" then#e G"

-r+ght the& $rth 'ith % &ighth%n" %n" %n +p(i$te" %r& thr+ghM*e*, their (%'gi!er) %n" - &%n

'n"er* %n" *ign* He &%"e 1n'n

Hi* p'er t the&. B+t e!en the pr!e" *t+--rn %n" +ngr%te$+(, %n"

$ten *er!e" the i"(* $ the n%tin*,

%n" p+t t "e%th the prphet* %n"

XIV. Let +* #&e n', O King, t the hi*tr $ the Je'* %(*, %n" *ee 'h%t pinin the h%!e %* t

G". The Je'* then *% th%t G" i* ne, the

/re%tr $ %((, %n" &niptent) %n" th%t it i* ntright th%t %n ther *h+(" -e 'r*hippe" e7#ept

thi*

G" %(ne. An" herein the %ppe%r t %ppr%#h thetr+th &re th%n %(( the n%tin*, e*pe#i%(( in th%tthe 'r*hip G" %n" nt Hi* 'r1*. An" the

i&it%te G" - the phi(%nthrp 'hi#h pre!%i(*

%&ng the&) $r the h%!e #&p%**in n the pr,%n" the re(e%*e the #%pti!e*, %n" -+r the "e%", %n"

" *+#h thing* %* the*e, 'hi#h %re %##ept%-(e -e$re

G" %n" 'e((p(e%*ing %(* t &en,'hi#h



+*t &en 'h 'ere *ent t the&.

Then 'hen the Sn $ G" '%*

p(e%*e" t #&e +pn the e%rth, the

re#ei!e" hi& 'ith '%ntn !i(en#e

%n" -etr%e" hi& int the h%n"* $ Pi(%te the R&%n g!ernr) %n"

p%ing n re*pe#t t hi* g" "ee"*%n" the #+nt(e** &ir%#(e* he

'r+ght %&ng the&, the "e&%n"e"

% *enten#e $ "e%th - the #r**.An" the peri*he" - their 'n

tr%n*gre**in) $r t thi* "% the

'r*hip the ne G" A(&ight, -+t

nt %##r"ing t 1n'(e"ge. Fr the "en th%t /hri*t i* the Sn $

G") %n" the %re &+#h (i1e t thehe%then, e!en %(th+gh the &%*ee& t &%1e *&e %ppr%#h t the

tr+th $r& 'hi#h the h%!e re&!e"

the&*e(!e*. S &+#h $r the Je'*.

2#+*t&*3

the h%!e re#ei!e" $r& their $re$%ther*.

Ne!erthe(e** the t erre" $r& tr+e 1n'(e"ge.

An" in their i&%gin%tin the #n#ei!e th%t it i*G"

the *er!e) 'here%* - their &"e $ -*er!%n#e it

i*

t the %nge(* %n" nt t G" th%t their *er!i#e i*ren"ere"<%* 'hen the #e(e-r%te *%--%th* %n"

the

-eginning $ the &nth*, %n" $e%*t* $ +n(e%!ene" -re%", %n" % gre%t $%*t) %n" $%*ting %n" #ir#+&#i*in

%n" the p+ri$i#%tin $ &e%t*, 'hi#h thing*,

h'e!er,

the " nt -*er!e per$e#t(.

XV. N' the /hri*ti%n*0 tr%#e

their rigin $r& the Lr" Je*+*

/hri*t. An" He i* %#1n'(e"ge" -the H( Spirit t -e the *n $ the

&*t high G", 'h #%&e "'n$r& he%!en $r the *%(!%tin $ &en. An" -eing -rn $ % p+re

!irgin, +n-egtten %n" i&&%#+(%te,

He %**+&e" $(e*h %n" re!e%(e" hi&*e($%&ng &en th%t He &ight re#%((

the& t Hi&*e($ $r& their '%n"ering

%$ter &%n g"*. An" h%!ing

%##&p(i*he"Hi* 'n"er$+( "i*pen*%tin,

- % !(+nt%r #hi#e He t%*te"

"e%th n the #r**, $+($i((ing %n%+g+*t "i*pen*%tin. An" %$ter

three "%* He #%&e t (i$e %g%in %n"

%*#en"e" int he%!en. An" i$ +'+(" re%", O King, + &% +"ge

the g(r $ Hi* pre*en#e $r& the

h( g*pe( 'riting, %* it i* #%((e"

%&ng the&*e(!e*. He h%" t'e(!e

XV. B+t the /hri*ti%n*, O King, 'hi(e the 'ent

%-+t %n" &%"e *e%r#h,9 h%!e $+n" the tr+th) %n"%* 'e (e%rne" $r& their 'riting*, the h%!e #&e

ne%rer t tr+th %n" gen+ine 1n'(e"ge th%n the re*t

$ the n%tin*. Fr the 1n' %n" tr+*t in G", the

/re%tr $ he%!en %n" $ e%rth, in 'h& %n" $r&'h& %re %(( thing*, t 'h& there i* n ther g"

%* #&p%nin, $r& 'h& the re#ei!e"

#&&%n"&ent*'hi#h the engr%!e" +pn their &in"* %n"

-*er!e in hpe %n" e7pe#t%tin $ the 'r(" 'hi#h

i*t #&e. 8here$re the " nt #&&it %"+(ter

nr

$rni#%tin, nr -e%r $%(*e 'itne**, nr e&-e(e'h%t

i* he(" in p(e"ge, nr #!et 'h%t i* nt their*. Thehn+r $%ther %n" &ther, %n" *h' 1in"ne** t

th*e ne%r t the&) %n" 'hene!er the %re +"ge*,the +"ge +pright(. The " nt 'r*hip i"(*

2&%"e3 in the i&%ge $ &%n) %n" 'h%t*e!er the

'+(" nt th%t ther* *h+(" " +nt the&, the "nt t ther*) %n" $ the $" 'hi#h i* #n*e#r%te"

t i"(* the " nt e%t, $r the %re p+re. An" their








"i*#ip(e*, 'h %$ter Hi* %*#en*in t

he%!en 'ent $rth int the pr!in#e*

$ the 'h(e 'r(", %n" "e#(%re" Hi*

gre%tne**. A* $r in*t%n#e, ne $

the& tr%!er*e" the #+ntrie* %-+t+*, pr#(%i&ing the "#trine $ the

tr+th. Fr& thi* it i*, th%t the'h *ti(( -*er!e the righte+*ne**

enine" - their pre%#hing %re

#%((e" /hri*ti%n*.

An" the*e %re the 'h &re th%n%(( the n%tin* n the e%rth h%!e

$+n" the tr+th. Fr the 1n'

G", the /re%tr %n" F%*hiner $

%(( thing* thr+gh the n(-egttenSn %n" the H( Spirit90) %n" -e*i"e

Hi& the 'r*hip n ther G".The h%!e the #&&%n"* $ the

Lr" Je*+* /hri*t Hi&*e($ gr%!en

+pn their he%rt*) %n" the -*er!e

the&, (1ing $r'%r" t the re*+rre#tin$ the "e%" %n" (i$e in the 'r("

t #&e. The " nt #&&it

%"+(ter nr $rni#%tin, nr -e%r $%(*e 'itne**, nr #!et the

thing* $ ther*) the hn+r $%ther %n" &ther, %n" (!e their neigh-+r*)the +"ge +*t(, %n" the

ne!er " t ther* 'h%t the '+("

nt 'i*h t h%ppen t the&*e(!e*)

the %ppe%( t th*e 'h in+rethe&, %n" tr t 'in the& %* $rien"*)

the %re e%ger t " g" t their

ene&ie*) the %re gent(e %n" e%*t -e entre%te") the %-*t%in $r&

%(( +n(%'$+( #n!er*%tin %n" $r&

%(( i&p+rit) the "e*pi*e nt the'i"', nr ppre** the rph%n) %n"

he th%t h%*, gi!e* +ngr+"ging( $r

the &%inten%n#e $ hi& 'h h%*nt.

I$ the *ee % *tr%nger, the t%1e

hi& +n"er their r$, %n" rei#e

ppre**r* the %ppe%*e 2(it< #&$rt3 %n" &%1e

the& their $rien"*) the " g" t their ene&ie*)

%n" their '&en, O King, %re p+re %* !irgin*, %n"their "%+ghter* %re &"e*t) %n" their &en 1eep

the&*e(!e* $r& e!er +n(%'$+( +nin %n" $r& %((

nn#(e%nne**, in the hpe $ % re#&pen*e t #&ein

the ther 'r(". F+rther, i$ ne r ther $ the&

h%!e -n"&en %n" -n"'&en r #hi("ren, thr+gh

(!e t'%r"* the& the per*+%"e the& t -e#&e/hri*ti%n*, %n" 'hen the h%!e "ne *, the #%((

the& -rethren 'ith+t "i*tin#tin. The " nt

'r*hip *tr%nge g"*, %n" the g their '% in %((&"e*t %n" #heer$+(ne**. F%(*eh" i* nt $+n"

%&ng the&) %n" the (!e ne %nther, %n" $r&

'i"'* the " nt t+rn %'% their e*tee&) %n"

the"e(i!er the rph%n $r& hi& 'h tre%t* hi& h%r*h(.

An" he, 'h h%*, gi!e* t hi& 'h h%* nt, 'ith+t

-%*ting. An" 'hen the *ee % *tr%nger, the t%1ehi& in t their h&e* %n". rei#e !er hi& %* %

!er

-rther) $r the " nt #%(( the& -rethren %$ter the$(e*h, -+t -rethren %$ter the *pirit %n" in G". An"

'hene!er ne $ their pr p%**e* $r& the 'r(",

e%#h ne $ the& %##r"ing t hi* %-i(it gi!e* hee"t hi& %n" #%re$+(( *ee* t hi* -+ri%(. An" i$ the

he%r th%t ne $ their n+&-er i* i&pri*ne" r%$$(i#te" n %##+nt $ the n%&e $ their Me**i%h,%(( $

the& %n7i+*( &ini*ter t hi* ne#e**it, %n" i$ it

i* p**i-(e t re"ee& hi& the *et hi& $ree. An" i$

there i* %&ng the& %n th%t i* pr %n" nee", %n"i$ the h%!e n *p%re $", the $%*t t' r three

"%* in r"er t *+pp( t the nee" their (%#1 $

$". The -*er!e the pre#ept* $ their Me**i%h'ith &+#h #%re, (i!ing +*t( %n" *-er( %* the

Lr"

their G" #&&%n"e" the&. E!er &rning99

%n"e!er h+r the gi!e th%n1* %n" pr%i*e t G" $r

Hi* (!ing1in"ne**e* t'%r" the&) %n" $r their

$"

%n" their "rin1 the $$er th%n1*gi!ing t Hi&.An" i$ %n righte+* &%n %&ng the& p%**e* $r&

the 'r(", the rei#e %n" $$er th%n1* t G") %n"

the e*#rt hi* -" %* i$ he 'ere *etting +t $r&








!er hi& %* !er % !er -rther) $r

the #%(( the&*e(!e* -rethren nt

%$ter the $(e*h -+t %$ter the *pirit.

An" the %re re%" t *%#ri$i#etheir (i!e* $r the *%1e $ /hri*t) $r

the -*er!e Hi* #&&%n"* 'ith+t

*'er!ing, %n" (i!e h( %n" +*t

(i!e*, %* the Lr" G" enine" +pnthe&.

An" the gi!e th%n1* +nt Hi&

e!er h+r, $r %(( &e%t %n" "rin1 %n" ther -(e**ing*.

ne p(%#e t %nther ne%r. An" 'hen % #hi(" h%*

-een -rn t ne $ the&, the gi!e th%n1* t G")

%n" i$ &re!er it h%ppen t "ie in #hi("h", thegi!e th%n1* t G" the &re, %* $r ne 'h h%*

p%**e" thr+gh the 'r(" 'ith+t *in*. An" $+rther

i$ the *ee th%t %n ne $ the& "ie* in hi*+ng"(ine**

r in hi* *in*, $r hi& the grie!e -itter(, %n"

*rr' %* $r ne 'h ge* t &eet hi* "&.

XVI. S+#h, O King, i* the #&&%n"&ent $ the(%' $ the /hri*ti%n*, %n" *+#h i* their &%nner $

(i$e. A* &en 'h 1n' G", the %*1 $r& Hi&

petitin* 'hi#h %re $itting $r Hi& t gr%nt %n" $r the& t re#ei!e. An" th+* the e&p( their 'h(e

(i$eti&e. An" *in#e the 1n' the (!ing1in"ne**e*

$ G" t'%r" the&, -eh(" $r their *%1e the

g(ri+*thing* 'hi#h %re in the 'r(" $(' $rth t !ie'.

An" !eri(, the %re th*e 'h $+n" the tr+th 'hen

the 'ent %-+t %n" &%"e *e%r#h $r it) %n" $r&'h%t 'e #n*i"ere", 'e (e%rne" th%t the %(ne

#&e

ne%r t % 1n'(e"ge $ the tr+th. An" the "nt pr#(%i& in the e%r* $ the &+(tit+"e the 1in"

"ee"* the ", -+t %re #%re$+( th%t n ne *h+("

nti#e the&) %n" the #n#e%( their gi!ing +*t %*

he 'h $in"* % tre%*+re %n" #n#e%(* it. An" the*tri!e t -e righte+* %* th*e 'h e7pe#t t -eh("

their Me**i%h, %n" t re#ei!e $r& Hi& 'ith gre%t

g(r the pr&i*e* &%"e #n#erning the&. An" %*

$r their 'r"* %n" their pre#ept*, O King, %n" their g(ring in their 'r*hip, %n" the hpe $ e%rning

%##r"ing t the 'r1 $ e%#h ne $ the& theirre#&pen*e 'hi#h the (1 $r in %nther

'r(",

+ &% (e%rn %-+t the*e $r& their 'riting*. It

i* en+gh $r +* t h%!e *hrt( in$r&e" +r M%e*t #n#erning the #n"+#t %n" the tr+th $



the /hri*ti%n*. Fr gre%t in"ee", %n" 'n"er$+( i*

their "#trine t hi& 'h 'i(( *e%r#h int it %n"

re$(e#t +pn it. An" !eri(, thi* i* % ne' pep(e, %n"

there i* *&ething "i!ine 2(it< % "i!ine %"&i7t+re3

in the &i"*t $ the&.

XVI. Veri( then, thi* i* the '%

$ the tr+th 'hi#h (e%"* th*e 'h

tr%!e( therein t the e!er(%*ting1ing"& pr&i*e" thr+gh /hri*t

in the (i$e t #&e. An" th%t +

&% 1n', O King, th%t in *%ing

the*e thing* I " nt *pe%1 %t &'n in*t%n#e, i$ + "eign t (1

int the 'riting* $ the /hri*ti%n*,

+ 'i(( $in" th%t I *t%te nthing -en" the tr+th. Right( then,

"i" th *n9: %pprehen", %n"

+*t( '%* he t%+ght t *er!e the(i!ing G" %n" t -e *%!e" $r the

%ge th%t i* "e*tine" t #&e +pn

+*. Fr gre%t %n" 'n"er$+( %rethe *%ing* %n" "ee"* $ the /hri*ti%n*)

$r the *pe%1 nt the 'r"*

$ &en -+t th*e $ G". B+t the

re*t $ the n%tin* g %*tr% %n"

"e#ei!e the&*e(!e*) $r the '%(1 in "%r1ne** %n" -r+i*e the&*e(!e*

(i1e "r+n1en &en.

T%1e, then, their 'riting*, %n" re%" therein,

%n" ( + 'i(( $in" th%t I h%!e nt p+t $rth the*e

thing* n & 'n %+thrit, nr *p1en th+* %*

their %"!#%te) -+t *in#e I re%" in their 'riting* I'%* $+(( %**+re" $ the*e thing* %* %(* $ thing*

'hi#h %re t #&e. An" $r thi* re%*n I '%*

#n*tr%ine"t "e#(%re the tr+th t *+#h %* #%re $r it

%n" *ee1 the 'r(" t #&e. An" t &e there i*n "+-t -+t th%t the e%rth %-i"e* thr+gh the*+pp(i#%tin $ the /hri*ti%n*. B+t the re*t $ the

n%tin* err %n" #%+*e errr in '%(('ing -e$re the

e(e&ent* $ the 'r(", *in#e -en" the*e their

&ent%(!i*in 'i(( nt p%**. An" the *e%r#h %-+t %* i$ in

"%r1ne** -e#%+*e the 'i(( nt re#gnie the tr+th)

%n" (i1e "r+n1en &en the ree( %n" *t(e ne%nther %n" $%((.

XVII. Th+* $%r, O King, e7ten"*& "i*#+r*e t +, 'hi#h h%* -een

"i#t%te" in & &in" - the Tr+th.96

8here$re (et th $(i*h *%ge*

#e%*e their i"(e t%(1 %g%in*t theLr") $r it i* pr$it%-(e $r + t

'r*hip G" the /re%tr, %n" t gi!ee%r t Hi* in#rr+pti-(e 'r"*, th%te &% e*#%pe $r& #n"e&n%tin

%n" p+ni*h&ent, %n" -e $+n" t -e

heir* $ (i$e e!er(%*ting.

XVII. Th+* $%r, O King, I h%!e *p1en) $r#n#erning

th%t 'hi#h re&%in*, %* i* *%i" %-!e,9; there %re

$+n" in their ther 'riting* thing* 'hi#h %re h%r"

t +tter %n" "i$$i#+(t $r ne t n%rr%te,'hi#h%re nt n( *p1en in 'r"* -+t %(* 'r+ght +t

in"ee"*.

N' the Gree1*, O King, %* the $((' -%*e

pr%#ti*e* in inter#+r*e 'ith &%(e*, %n" % &ther

%n" %

*i*ter %n" % "%+ghter, i&p+te their &n*tr+*i&p+rit in t+rn t the /hri*ti%n*. B+t the /hri*ti%n*










%re +*t %n" g", %n" the tr+th i* *et -e$re their

ee*, %n" their *pirit i* (ng*+$$ering) %n",

there$re,

th+gh the 1n' the errr $ the*e 2the Gree1*3,

%n" %re per*e#+te" - the&, the -e%r %n" en"+reit) %n" $r the &*t p%rt the h%!e #&p%**in

n the&, %* &en 'h %re "e*tit+te $ 1n'(e"ge.An" n their *i"e, the $$er pr%er th%t the*e

&% repent $ their errr) %n" 'hen it h%ppen*

th%t ne $ the& h%* repente", he i* %*h%&e" -e$re the /hri*ti%n* $ the 'r1* 'hi#h 'ere "ne

- hi&) %n" he &%1e* #n$e**in t G", *%ing,

I "i" the*e thing* in ignr%n#e. An" he p+ri$ie* hi*

he%rt, %n" hi* *in* %re $rgi!en hi&, -e#%+*e he#&&itte" the& in ignr%n#e in the $r&er ti&e,

'henhe +*e" t -(%*phe&e %n" *pe%1 e!i( $ the tr+e1n'(e"ge $ the /hri*ti%n*. An" %**+re"( the

r%#e $ the /hri*ti%n* i* &re -(e**e" th%n %(( the

&en 'h %re +pn the $%#e $ the e%rth.

Hen#e$rth (et the tng+e* $ th*e 'h +tter !%nit %n" h%r%** the /hri*ti%n* -e *i(ent) %n"

here%$ter (et the& *pe%1 the tr+th. Fr it i* $ *eri+*

#n*e5+en#e t the& th%t the *h+(" 'r*hip thetr+e G" r%ther th%n 'r*hip % *en*e(e** *+n".

An" !eri( 'h%te!er i* *p1en in the &+th $ the/hri*ti%n* i* $ G") %n" their "#trine i* theg%te'% $ (ight. 8here$re (et %(( 'h %re 'ith+t

the

1n'(e"ge $ G" "r%' ne%r theret) %n" the 'i((

re#ei!e in#rr+pti-(e 'r"*, 'hi#h %re $r& %(( ti&e%n" $r& eternit. S *h%(( the %ppe%r -e$re the

%'$+( +"g&ent 'hi#h thr+gh Je*+* the Me**i%h i*

"e*tine" t #&e +pn the 'h(e h+&%n r%#e.

The Ap(g $ Ari*ti"e* the Phi(*pher i*

$ini*he".



0. 0 The *+per*#riptin *ee&* t -e "+p(i#%te in the Sri%#. It i* %-*ent $r& the Gree1 %* 'e h%!e

it) the Ar&eni%n h%* 4 T the E&perr /%e*%r H%"ri%n tr& Ari*ti"e*.4 V%ri+* e7p(%n%tin* %re

$$ere",

2%3 Bth e&perr*, %* #((e%g+e*, &% -e &e%nt. In *+pprt $ thi* the Sri%# %"e#ti!e* $r

4!ener%-(e %n" &er#i$+(4 %re &%r1e" p(+r%() the phr%*e 4Y+r &%e*t4 ##+rring (%ter h%* % p(+r%( *+$$i7) %n" t' I&per%ti!e*, 4T%1e %n" re%",4 %re p(+r%(. On the ther h%n" 4O King4

##+r* #n*t%nt( in the *ing+(%r) %n" the e&perr* 'ere #((e%g+e* n( $r % $e' &nth* in thee%r A.D. 0:C.

2-3 The (nger he%"ing i* the tr+e nethe *hrter -eing "+e perh%p* t % *#ri-e 'h h%" %

#((e#tin $ 'r1* t #p. In th%t #%*e the 'r" 4H%"ri%n4 h%* -een *e(e#te" $r& the $+(( tit(e$ Antnine, %n" the t' %"e#ti!e* 4!ener%-(e %n" &er#i$+(4 %re prper n%&e*, A+g+*t+* Pi+*.

2H%rri*.3

2#3 The *hrter he%"ing h%* the *+pprt $ E+*e-i+* %n" the Ar&eni%n !er*in) %n" the tr%n*(%tr

int Sri%# &% h%!e %&p(i$ie".

Sri%# A(&ight i* *ep%r%te" $r& the 'r" $r 4G"4 - % p%+*e, %n" i* nt %n %ttri-+te 'hi#h% /hri*ti%n '+(" #%re t %pp( t % R&%n e&perr. pantokra&twr&% h%!e -een

#n$+n"e" 'ith au)tokra&wr. R%%-e *+pp(ie* Sri%# gi!ing the *en*e 45+i I&peri+&

2pet%te&3 h%-et,4 %* %n epithet $ /%e*%r. I$ ... Sri%# 4Rene'e", r "e"i#%te" %g%in t. . .

Antnin+* Pi+*,4 #+(" -e re%", -th he%"ing* &ight -e ret%ine".

9. 0 The Gree1 &ight -e ren"ere", 4* $%r %* there '%* r& $r &e t *pe%1 $ Hi&,4 i.e., the

%ttri-+te* $ the Deit %re nt $+rther re(e!%nt t the "i*#+**in%* the tr%n*(%tr int Sri%#t%1e* it. The Ar&eni%n %"pt* the ther &e%ning, !i., the the&e i* -en" &%n* p'er t

"i*#+**. A* tr%n*(%te" - F. /. /n-e%re, the Ar&eni%n i* in the*e 'r"*< 4N' - the gr%#e $G" it '%* gi!en &e t *pe%1 'i*e( #n#erning Hi&. S $%r %* I h%!e re#ei!e" the $%#+(t I 'i((*pe%1, et nt %##r"ing t the &e%*+re $ the in*#r+t%-i(it $ Hi* gre%tne** *h%(( I -e %-(e t "

*, -+t - $%ith %(ne " I g(ri$ %n" %"re Hi&.4

:. 9 The 4King4 in the Gree1 i* A-enner, the $%ther $ J*%ph%t) in the Sri%#, %* in the Gree1

rigin%((, he i* the R&%n E&perr. H%"ri%n.

;. : The Ar&eni%n %n" Sri%# %gree t gi!ing $+r r%#e*, 'hi#h '%* pr-%-( the rigin%("i!i*in. T % Gree1, &en 'ere either Gree1* r B%r-%ri%n*< t % Gree1 /hri*ti%n it '+(" *ee&

ne#e**%r t %"" t' ne' pep(e*, Je'* %n" /hri*ti%n*. The Gree1 #%((* the B%r-%ri%n*

4/h%("%e%n*.4 Thi* #h%nge $ #(%**i$i#%tin i* pr-%-( the #%+*e $ the &i**in in the Gree1 $the pre(i&in%r %##+nt* $ the $+r #(%**e*. The Gree1 -(en"* the *+&&%rie* 'ith the $+((er

%##+nt*.

6. ; The Ar&eni%n %""*, 4Fr th%t 'hi#h i* *+-e#t t thi* "i*tin#tin i* &!e" - p%**in*.4

?. 0 Liter%((< 4% #ert%in "i*pen*%tin $ hi*.4 The Gree1 ter& oi0konomi/a, 4"i*pen*%tin,4

*+gge*t* t the tr%n*(%tr int Sri%# the i"e% $ the In#%rn%tin, $%&i(i%r, %* it *ee&*, - hi* ti&e.



Pr$e**r S%#h%+ re%"* the e5+i!%(ent $ qaumasth& in*te%" $ Sri%# 2tij3. In the

tr%n*(%tin gi!en Sri%# i* t%1en %"!er-i%((%(i5+%&"i+.

@. 9 Thi* irre(e!%nt *enten#e i* $+n" in the Ar&eni%n !er*in %(*, %n" there$re '%* pr-%-( in

the rigin%( Gree1. It *ee&* t -e %n obiter dictum. Men $%(( int $+r gr+p*, %n", - the '%, *

" the e(e&ent*, %ir, $ire, e%rth, %n" '%ter) %n" the p'er* th%t g!ern the&. One 5+%ternin*+gge*t* ther*.

C. : /$. R&. i. 96 %n" /(. ii. C.

. 0 4I " nt thin1 it +t $ p(%#e here t &entin Antin+* $ +r "% % *(%!e $ the E&perrH%"ri%n, 'h& %((, nt

'ith*t%n"ing the 1ne' 'h %n" 'hen#e he '%*, et %$$e#te" t 'r*hip %* % g".4J+*tin

M%rtr 5+te" in E+*e-i+* Hi*t.

B1. IV., #. C.

0.9

Or 4%n" hen#e the 'r(" %(* get* it* n%&e ko&smoj.4 The Sri%# i* the e5+i!%(ent $ theGree1 4dio_ kai\ ko&smoj kalei=tai,,'hi#h ##+r* 2/h%p. IV.3 in "i*#+**ing the *+pp*e" "i!init $ the *1 r he%!en.

00. 0 The p%**%ge in -r%#1et* ##+r* e%r(ier in 4B%r(%%& %n" J*%ph%t,4 %n" i* re*tre" t it* p(%#e

- J. A. R-in*n.

09. 9 Pr$e**r N("e1e* e&en"%tin, Sri%#, in p(%#e $ Sri%# 4the 'ere re!i(e",4 i*

%"pte" in the tr%n*(%tin gi!en.

0:. : /$. A&* !. 9?, 4/hi+n, +r *t%r g",4 %n" A#t* !ii. ;:.

0;. 0 P%*iph%e* +nn%t+r%( p%**in $r T%+r+* i* nt in the Gree1 &th(g #h%rge" t =e+*.

06. 9 The !i*it $ =e+* t Se&e(e 2nt Se(ene3 i* e!i"ent( re$erre" t. Selh&nh L+n% '+("

gi!e the Sri%# Sri%#

0?. : Pr$e**r Ren"e( H%rri* prn+n#e* 4P%(+"+*4 % vox nihili, %n" e7p(%in* it* pre*en#e %* "+e

t % #rr+pt repetitin $ the pre

#e"ing P("e+#e*. The Sri%# 'r" in the te7t *+gge*t* P((+7the L%tin e5+i!%(ent $P("e+#e*. /(te&ne*tr% i* the n%&e re

5+ire".

0@. ; A"pting Pr$e**r H%rri** e&en"%tin Sri%# kle/pthj in*te%" $ Sri%# !ir.

0C. 0 Tr%nt,4 Sri%# *ee&* +t $ p(%#e 'hen #nne#te" 'ith Her%1(e*. Perh%p* Sri%#

e-ri+*, 'hi#h ##+r* %t the #(*e $ the p%r%gr%ph, *h+(" -e re%" here. /$. %(* the Gree1.

0. 0 Thi*, the 4/hri*t(gi#%(4 p%**%ge, ##+r* e%r(ier in the Sri%#. /h%p. ii.



9. 9 The *%&e t' 'r"* %re +*e" $ I*i*. The /hri*ti%n* %re +n(i1e her in $in"ing 'h%t the

*+ght.

90. 0 The Ar&eni%n %gree* 'ith the Gree1 %g%in*t the Sri%#. 4n% #+& Spirit+ S%n#t 4 Ar&.

99.9

/$. P(in* (etter t the E&perr Tr%%n, A.D. 009, 4 The /hri*ti%n* %re 'nt t &eet %t"%'n n %n %ppinte" "%, %n" t *ing %

h&n t /hri*t %* G".4

9:. 0 The re$eren#e i* t J*%ph%t, *n $ A-enner, 'h '%* t%+ght t -e % /hri*ti%n - the &n1

B%r(%%&.

9;. 0 The /hri*ti%n S#ript+re* %re pre!i+*( re$erre" t %* % *+r#e $ in$r&%tin, nt %*

#nt%ining "i$$i#+(tie*. #$ 9 Peter iii. 0?.

96. 9 N%#hr, the $i#titi+* &n1 'h repre*ente" B%r(%%&, inten"e" t &%1e % 'e%1 "e$en#e $

/hri*ti%nit, -+t, %##r"ingt the *tr, he '%* #n*tr%ine" t *pe%1 'h%t he h%" nt inten"e". It i* e!i"ent( the %+thr*

intentin t &%1e it %n in*t%n#e $

4*+gge*ti !er-r+&4 r p(en%r in*pir%tin, in the #%*e $ the $i#titi+* &n1.

Aristides of Athens Apology

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