Argumentative Writing. PART 1- ORGANIZATION STEP #1: State your claim. Make a claim statement. ...
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Transcript of Argumentative Writing. PART 1- ORGANIZATION STEP #1: State your claim. Make a claim statement. ...
Argumentative Writing
PART 1- ORGANIZATION
STEP #1: State your claim.
Make a claim statement. Claim statements are for argumentative papers.
Thesis statements are for informative papers.
A claim statement directly answers the topic question.
Restate the question/prompt in the claim statement by clearly stating the position you have chosen.
STEP #1: State your claim.
Example Topic questions: Is it ever justifiable to execute criminals?
Do schools have the right to search students’ lockers?
Should school uniforms be mandatory?
Should the United States eliminate the penny?
Should we ban or restrict the use of violent video games?
Are sports really good for us?
STEP #1: State your claim.
Example Claim Statement:
School uniforms should be mandatory.
STEP #2: Premises
Create ONE supporting premise for your claim statement Premises are for argumentative papers.
Reasons are for informative papers.
The first premise should directly support the claim statement.
STEP #2: Premises
Example of one supporting premise:
Premise #1: School uniforms keep students focused on their education.
STEP #3: Supporting Evidence
Provide TWO pieces of evidence for each premise and cite the source (identify where you got the evidence). Evidence is used for an argumentative paper.
STEP #3: Supporting Evidence
Example of Supporting Evidence: Premise #1- Evidence #1: <quote>
Source: USA Today
Premise #1- Evidence #2: <quote>
Source: National Association of Secondary Principals
STEP #4: Counter-Claim
Make a counter-claim statement.
A counter-claim statement directly opposes the initial claim statement.
STEP #4: Counter-Claim
Example of a counter-claim statement:
School uniforms should not be mandatory.
STEP #5: Counter-Claim Premise
Create ONE opposing premise for your counter-claim. Note: This opposing premise should directly support the counter-claim.
STEP #5: Counter-Claim Premise
Example of a counter-claim premise:
Opposing Premise #1: School uniforms restrict students’ freedom of expression.
STEP #6: Opposing Evidence
Provide TWO pieces of evidence for the counter-claim premise and cite the source (identify where you got the evidence). Note: These pieces of evidence should directly support the counter-premises.
STEP #6: Opposing Evidence
Example of Opposing Evidence:
Counter-Claim Premise #1- Evidence #1: <quote>
Source: New York Times
Counter-Claim Premise #1- Evidence #2: <quote>
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
STEP #7: 2nd Supporting Premise
Create a second supporting premise to the initial claim statement that directly refutes the counter-claim statement.
STEP #7: 2nd Supporting Premise
Example of 2nd supporting premise:
Premise #2: School uniforms reduces bullying.
STEP #8: Supporting Evidence
Provide TWO pieces of evidence for this 2nd premise and cite the source (identify where you got the evidence).
STEP #8: Supporting Evidence
Example of Supporting Evidence:
Premise #2- Evidence #1: <quote>
Source: USA Today
Premise #2- Evidence #2: <quote>
Source: National Association of Secondary Principals
PART 2- DRAFTING
STEP #1:
Connect the dots.
Make sure that you are properly placing together the information from PART 1.
STEP #2:
Use transitional words and phrases.
STEP #3:
Write in 3rd person point-of-view
Do NOT use: “me” “my” “I” “you” “your” “you’re” “myself” “yourself”
STEP #4:
Establish a proper tone (voice) for your audience.
Incorporate higher level vocabulary.
DON’T make announcements: “Keep reading to find out…” “Now I will tell you why…” “In the following paragraph I will tell
you…” “Grab some popcorn while I show you why you should agree with me…”
DON’T state any questions
STEP #5: Draft the First Paragraph
Draft the first paragraph (Introduction).
Make sure it has the following (in order):
a. Hook: ONE sentence that catches the reader’s attention. USE: a quote, imagery, a scenario, figurative language, or a definition.
AVOID: questions, onomatopoeia, or restating the prompt
b. Background Info: one or two sentences of general information related to the topic. Consider mentioning what is being debated.
C. Claim Statement: include your claim statement from Part 1, STEP #1
STEP #6: Draft the BODY paragraphs
Draft the BODY paragraphs (paragraphs 2-4).
Connect the dots. Make sure to properly place the information together from Part 1:
STEP #6: Draft the BODY paragraphs
2nd paragraph (Body 1): PART 1, STEPS #2-3
Premise= Transition +Premise #1
Evidence #1
Explain/Elaborate- thoroughly explain how the text evidence directly supports the premise
Evidence #2
Explain/Elaborate- thoroughly explain how the text evidence directly supports the premise
3rd paragraph (Body 2): PART 1, STEPS #4-6
Transition + Counter-Claim + Counter-Claim Premise
Evidence #1
Explain/Elaborate- thoroughly explain how the text evidence directly supports the counter-claim premise
Evidence #2
Explain/Elaborate- thoroughly explain how the text evidence directly supports the counter-claim premise
4th paragraph (Body 3): PART 1, STEPS #7-8
Premise= Transition + Premise #2
Evidence #1
Explain/Elaborate- thoroughly explain how the text evidence directly supports the premise
Evidence #2
Explain/Elaborate- thoroughly explain how the text evidence directly supports the premise
STEP #7: Draft the final paragraph.
Draft the CONCLUSION (5th paragraph).
Be sure to include (in order): Restated CLAIM + 2 supporting PREMISES- 2 sentences that paraphrase your claim
statement & supporting premises.
Summarize- provide a brief summary of the strongest supporting evidence used in the essay.
Closing sentence- 1 sentence that CALLS TO ACTION or PREDICTS A CONSEQUENCE.
Sample:
Let’s get students focused on their education, not their clothes!
If school uniforms were mandatory, one would see a positive impact on peer-pressure and bullying!
PART 3: REVISING
STEP #1:
Review and revise the whole essay: (ARMS) Add- sentences and words
Remove- words or sentences you don’t need
Move- change a word or placement of a sentence
Substitute- trade words or sentences for new ones
PART 4: EDITING
STEP #1:
Edit the essay (CUPS): Capitalize- names, places, titles, months, sources, etc.
Usage- nouns and verbs correctly used
Punctuation- periods, quotes, commas, semi-colons, apostrophes, etc.
Spelling- check all words. Look for homophones.