Dialectical argumentation with argumentation schemes: An ...
Argumentation in Middle & High School Science
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Transcript of Argumentation in Middle & High School Science
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Argumentation in Middle & High School
Science
Victor SampsonAssistant Professor of Science Education
School of Teacher Education and FSU-TeachFlorida State University
Patrick EnderleAssistant in Research
Learning Systems Institute
Florida State University
Jonathon GroomsAssistant in Research
Learning System Institute
Florida State University
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What is argumentation?
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Argumentation is the process of proposing, supporting, evaluating,
and refining claims
Argumentation is scientific in nature when people propose,
support, evaluate, and refine claims based on criteria that are
valued in science
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Did you know that argumentation is a major
emphasis in the NGSSS for Science?
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SC.912.N.1.4: Recognize that the strength or usefulness of a scientific claim is evaluated
through scientific argumentation, which depends on critical and logical thinking, and the active
consideration of alternative scientific explanations to explain the data presented.
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It will be an even bigger emphasis in the new common core science
standards based on the recommendations made in:
A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Practices,
Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas
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Framework for the Next Generation Science Standards
Practice 7: Engaging in Argument from Evidence- Construct a scientific argument showing how the data support the
claim.- Identify possible weaknesses in scientific arguments, appropriate
to the students’ level of knowledge, and discuss them using reasoning and evidence.
- Identify flaws in their own arguments and modify and improve them in response to criticism.
- Recognize that the major features of scientific arguments are claims, data, and reasons and distinguish these elements in examples.
- Explain the nature of the controversy in the development of a given scientific idea, describe the debate that surrounded its inception, and indicate why one particular theory succeeded.
- Explain how claims to knowledge are judged by the scientific community today and articulate the merits and limitations of peer review and the need for independent replication of critical investigations.
- Read media reports of science or technology in a critical manner so as to identify their strengths and weaknesses.
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Common Core ELA• Reading in Science and Technical Subjects
8. Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, including the validity of the reasoning as well as the relevance and sufficiency of the evidence
• Writing in Science and Technical Subjects1. Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence
• Speaking and Listening4. Present information, findings, and supporting evidence such that listeners can follow the line of reasoning and the organization , development, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience
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Common Core Mathematics• Standards for Mathematical Practice
3. Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others
Mathematically proficient students understand and use stated assumptions, definitions, and previously established results in constructing arguments. They make conjectures and build a logical progression of statements to explore the truth of their conjectures. They are able to analyze situations by breaking them into cases, and can recognize and use counterexamples. They justify their conclusions, communicate them to others, and respond to arguments of others. They reason inductively about data, making plausible arguments that take into account the context from which the data arose. Mathematically proficient students are also able to compare the effectiveness of two plausible arguments…
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Why is argumentation such a focus in these
documents? The literature suggests that students need to learn more
about the central role argumentation plays in
science
“learning about scientific argumentation”
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Why is argumentation such a focus in these
documents? The literature also
suggests that students can develop many aspects of science
proficiency by engaging in
argumentation
“learning from scientific argumentation”
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People that are proficient in science •Know important scientific explanations
about the natural world and can use these explanations to solve problems;
•Can create and evaluate scientific explanations and arguments;
•Understand the nature of scientific knowledge and how this knowledge develops over time; and,
•Can participate in scientific practices and the discourse of science. Duschl, R., Schweingruber, H., & Shouse, A. (Eds.). (2007). Taking science
to school: Learning and teaching science in grades K-8. Washington, DC: National Academies Press
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One way to help students learn how to participate in argumentation (and
help them develop science proficiency at the same time) is to
use an instructional approach called...
Argument-Driven Inquiry
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ADI and CCSS-ELA Alignment
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ADI and NGSS Framework Alignment
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Argument-Driven Inquiry is a way to make lab activities more authentic and
educative for students
It consists of eight stages
Teachers design their own labs using this model - just like a
teacher uses a model to design a lecture or other type of lesson
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Stage 1: Introduce the task and the guiding
question
Teachers use a handout that includes:
• The research question
• Materials that can be used
• ‘Hints’ or things to think about
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Stage 2: Students work in groups to develop a method that they can use to gather the data they
need. They then implement their method and collect data.
Students have an opportunity to use
technology to gather and analyze
data during this stage of the model
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Stage 3: Each group analyzes their data and crafts a tentative argument
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Stage 4: Students present their tentative arguments to their peers. The students are
encouraged to discuss and critique the claim, evidence, and justification of the evidence
included in each argument
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Stage 5: The teacher leads a reflective and explicit discussion about the content, the
quality of the students’ investigations, and nature of scientific inquiry
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Stage 6: Students write an investigation report to encourage both ‘writing to learning’ and
‘learning to write’ in science
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Stage 7: The reports go through a double blind group peer review
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Stage 8: Students revise and submit their reports to
the teacher
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Questions about ADI or our Research?
Victor [email protected]
http://adi.lsi.fsu.edu
Jonathon [email protected]
Patrick Enderlepatrick.enderleadi@
gmail.com