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Transcript of ArgentinaIranBulgaria* Australia*IraqGermany* Belgium*LebanonHungary* BoliviaLiberiaItaly*...
WWII POLITICAL
ALLIESALLIES AXISAXIS
THE BIG THREETHE BIG THREEWINSTON CHURCHILL—Great Britain
FDR---U.S.
JOSEPH STALIN---Soviet Union
BENITO MUSSOLINIADOLF HITLERHIDEKI TOJO
Date Place Participants Decisions
Dec. 1941 to
Jan. 1942
June 1942
Washington Conference
1st
2nd
FDR
Winston ChurchillBig 2
War Production, shipping, aid for China,
diversion of German strength from Eastern
Front and a North African invasion.
Jan. 1943
CasablancaConference
FDR
Winston ChurchillBig 2
Plans for invasion of Sicily and to step up Pacific
War…D-day invasion in 1944 onto French coast.
Unconditional Surrender of Germany
Nov. 1943
TeheranConference
FDRWinston Churchill
Joseph StalinBig 3
1st time “Big 3” meet. Stalin demands 2nd front
onto French coast…. Date of D-day invasion decided… General
Eisenhower appointed as commander of Allies
•4 Star, US General Dwight EisenhowerGeneral Dwight Eisenhower•Graduate of West Point
•Commanded Allied invasion on North Africa in 1942•Named Supreme Allied Commander and in charge of D-D-
Day.Day.WWII Military Leaders
•General George PattonGeneral George Patton
•Graduate of West Point
•Tank commander and commander of the 7th Army
•Germans feared Patton
•““ole blood and guts”ole blood and guts”WWII Military Leaders
LCD: landing craft devices---carried 36 men…..Higgins boat---built by individual who made boats to run on the bayou….20,000
made for the D-Day
To get through the barbed war, soldiers had to blast through with 10’ pipes filled with TNT.
Two portable harbors were built and transported across the English channel and setup on 1 of the British beaches and 1
with the Americans.
To get fuel from England to France, an underwater pipeline was laid which connected with the portable harbors to get fuel
to the front..
To fool the Germans to believing the invasion was at Calais, the Allies dropped dummy parachute soldiers…..
The Battle of the Bulge:The Battle of the Bulge:Hitler’s Last OffensiveHitler’s Last Offensive
The Battle of the Bulge:The Battle of the Bulge:Hitler’s Last OffensiveHitler’s Last Offensive
Dec. 16, 1944 to Jan. 28,
1945
Yalta: February, 1945Yalta: February, 1945Yalta: February, 1945Yalta: February, 1945 FDR wants quick Soviet entry FDR wants quick Soviet entry
into Pacific war.into Pacific war.
FDR & Churchill concede Stalin FDR & Churchill concede Stalin needs buffer needs buffer (Poland)(Poland) , FDR & , FDR & Stalin want spheres of influence Stalin want spheres of influence and a weak Germany.and a weak Germany.
Churchill wants Churchill wants strong Germany strong Germany as as bufferbufferagainst against Stalin. Stalin.
FDR arguesFDR arguesfor a for a ‘United Nations’.‘United Nations’.
Yalta
DECISIONS MADE AT YALTADECISIONS MADE AT YALTACreated a United NationsUnited Nations to promote world peace.Germany and BerlinGermany and Berlin would be divided into 4 zones
controlled by the US, British, France and Soviet UnionUS, British, France and Soviet UnionEastern European countries under Soviet control would
have ““free electionsfree elections””Stalin agreed but kept Eastern Europe under Soviet
control after WWII leading to the Cold WarCold War…..
The decisions at the Yalta Conference shaped
the post WWII world. Many agreements were
made but the lasting effect was: “You cannot You cannot
trust the words of a trust the words of a dictator”.dictator”.
FDR dies in Warm Springs,
Georgia on April 12, 1945
FDR dies in Warm Springs,
Georgia on April 12, 1945
Mussolini is executed by his own people on April 28, 1945
Mussolini is executed by his own people on April 28, 1945
Hitler realizing that Berlin was about to fall,
married his mistress, Eva Braun and both
commit suicide on April 30, 1945.
Hitler realizing that Berlin was about to fall,
married his mistress, Eva Braun and both
commit suicide on April 30, 1945.
United United NationsNations
•Allied Powers became the United United
NationsNations.
•Germans surrender to the United Nations to
end the war in Europe
United United NationsNations
•Allied Powers became the United United
NationsNations.
•Germans surrender to the United Nations to
end the war in Europe
map/japan
JAPANESE EXPANSION•Dec. 7, 1941,
Japan attacks Pearl Harbor
•US declares war on Japan.
1942•Philippines
•Bataan Death Bataan Death MarchMarch
JAPANESE EXPANSION•Dec. 7, 1941,
Japan attacks Pearl Harbor
•US declares war on Japan.
1942•Philippines
•Bataan Death Bataan Death MarchMarch•Guam
•Malaya
•New Guinea
•Threatening Australia and
Hawaii
•Guam
•Malaya
•New Guinea
•Threatening Australia and
Hawaii
Japanese Japanese KamikazeKamikaze Planes:Planes:
The Scourge of the South The Scourge of the South PacificPacific
Japanese Japanese KamikazeKamikaze Planes:Planes:
The Scourge of the South The Scourge of the South PacificPacific
Kamikaze Kamikaze PilotsPilots
The last 2 years of the war, the Japanese resorted to “suicidal bombers” or Kamikaze bombersKamikaze bombers to destroy the American Navy.Approximately 2,800 Kamikaze attackers sunk 34 Navy ships, damaged 368 others, killed 4,900 sailors, and wounded over 4,800.
Big Three
•Churchill, Truman and Stalin meet in Potsdam, Germany in July 1945.
•Truman informed of successful test of bomb.
•Demanded unconditional surrender from Japanese or a new weapon would be used.
potsdam
•Some suggest that Truman was
warning Stalin.
•If he didn’t follow through with the
decisions at YaltaYalta, it could happen to the
Soviet Union.
potsdam
Arguments for useArguments for use
• Japanese refused to surrender.
• Estimated an invasion similar to D-Day was needed to end
war.
• Estimated Japan’s empire would last 2 years.
• Estimated Allied casualties at 1 million or more men with
huge Japanese losses.
• Japanese leadership was told of the destructive power of the
bomb
• Offered a period to surrender but declined.
Arguments opposedArguments opposed
• Atomic bombs were untested and their destruction unknown
• Hiroshima and Nagasaki were not major military targets.
• Those killed in the attacks would be Japanese civilians.
• Radiation poisoning would have negative effects on the
population.
• Nuclear weapons would set a precedent that using weapons
of mass destruction was allowable in war
A joint Allied Project consisting of Canadian, British and U.S.
scientists to build an atomic bomb.
Started in 1940…..
By July 1945, 3 bombs had been built.
1 bomb = 20,000 tons of TNT
One would be set off in New Mexico successfully.
A joint Allied Project consisting of Canadian, British and U.S.
scientists to build an atomic bomb.
Started in 1940…..
By July 1945, 3 bombs had been built.
1 bomb = 20,000 tons of TNT
One would be set off in New Mexico successfully.
•My fellow Americans, the British, Chinese and United
States governments have given the Japanese people adequate warning of what is in store for
them.
•The world will note that the The world will note that the first atomic bomb was dropped first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, a military base. If on Hiroshima, a military base. If
Japan does not surrender, Japan does not surrender, bombs will have to be dropped bombs will have to be dropped
on her war industries and on her war industries and unfortunately thousands of unfortunately thousands of civilian lives will be lost.civilian lives will be lost.
•I urge Japanese civilians to leave industrial cities immediately and save
themselves.
President Harry Truman
Nagasaki – August 9, Nagasaki – August 9, 19451945
Nagasaki – August 9, Nagasaki – August 9, 19451945
40,000 killed 40,000 killed immediately immediately 60,000 injured.60,000 injured. 100,000s died 100,000s died of of radiation radiation poisoningpoisoning & cancer later. & cancer later.
Jap surrender
Japan surrenders on Aug. 14, 1945……Official surrender ceremonies were held on
Sept. 2, 1945