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Complete and balanced nutritionSince 1979 BMS Micro-Nutrients specialised itself in plant nutrition, and developed an innovative product line based on chelated micro and meso elements, and various complete fertilisers all developed especially for the foliar nutrition of all type of crops. Over the years a lot of experience was obtained on almost all commercially grown crops, and this under a wide range of circumstances, soils and climatological conditions. BMS Micro-Nutrients has worked as well on field crops such as cereals, beets, rapeseed, sugar cane, potatoes, soya bean, as also on ornamentals, all types of vegetables and fruit trees, such as persimmons. Technical support is guaranteed by a technical staff with broad experiences in the field, not only in Europe (France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Belgium, The Netherland, Germany), but also in Brazil, USA, Egypt, New-Zeeland, Israel,... Self-initiated research, and research in cooperation with several official institutes and agencies, led to promising developments in the field of plant nutrition.The foliar programmes we developed on this crop, are complete and will treat first of all the deficiencies most observed on persimmons, Zinc, Manganese and Iron, complemented with meso and mayor elements to assure a complete and balanced nutrition. The foliar nutrition programmes optimize the fertilisation of the crop and will allow a significant reduction in soil fertilisation.

The products where this logo is indicated are authorized in organic production in accordance with EC-regulations 834/2007 and 889/2008. Please check also national legislation.

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FOLIAR efficiencyMr Tukey, an American researcher and Head of the Department of Horticulture at the Michigan State College, while working on a joint project with the US Atomic Energy Research Commission, discovered in the 1950s, that plants could be nourished through their leaves. He observed that plants absorb nutrients not only through the roots, but also through the leaves, the fruits, the twigs, the trunk and even the flowers,... and this with an efficiency up to 95 % compared to an efficiency of soil fertilisers of only 5 to 10 %. The efficiency of soil fertilisers is strongly influenced, and above all, reduced by adsorption, precipitation, leaching, erosion, .... Additionally, climatological factors can influence further more the availability for the crop of these soil fertilisers. To compensate this low and variable availability, traditionally higher quantities are applied, just to be sure that the crop can absorb sufficient amounts during the whole plant cycle. In the table shown here beside, the efficiency of soil and foliar applications are compared, clearly in favour of foliar absorption. BMS Micro-Nutrients believes that applying bigger quantities is not the best solution to assure a correct and continuous nutrition of our crop. With foliar fertilisation we can increase considerably the efficiency of the fertilisation without increasing the dosages and avoiding deficiencies and/or growth interruptions.

The most important advantages of foliar nutrition are:1. It is the most efficient way to nourish your crop 2. Foliar nutrition stimulates root development (increasing thus the capacity to use the reserves of water and nutrients

present in the soil)3. Foliar nutrition compensates low activity of the roots

4. Foliar fertilisation avoids and eliminates all common deficiencies 5. Foliar nutrition will act quickly and immediately to solve the deficiency6. With foliar nutrition you control better the growth of your crop7. Foliar fertilisation increases the resistance of your plant (more healthy

plants)8. Foliar nutrition improves the quality of your yield9. You will save time with foliar nutrition, because nutrients can be applied

together with applications of pesticides. 10. You will save money with foliar nutrition, because you will use less

fertilisersBonus: foliar nutrition reduces the environmental impact of the fertilisation

(lower carbon footprint)!

FOLIAR NUTRITIONAdvantages and effects

Nitrogen 1 10-15

Phosphorus 1 20

Potash 1 27

Calcium 1 35-40

Magnesium 1 28

Sulphur 1 5-7

Boron 1 30

Copper 1 35-38

Iron 1 25-100

Manganese 1 20-25

Zinc 1 12

Quantity applied as foliar fertilizer (kg)

Amount needed as soil fertilizer (kg)

APPLIED FETILIZERS

10 % 95 %

PLANT AVAILABILITY

SOIL FOLIAR

100 % 100 %

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General propertiesModerate to high sensitivity to the deficiency of: Mn, Fe, ZnLow to moderately sensitivity to the deficiency of: Mg, Mn, B(the sensitivity to the deficiencies of these nutrients can vary in function of the variety)

Persimmons are particularly sensitive to the deficiencies of Manganese. Therefore, it is advised to incorporate small amounts of this element in all the different foliar treatment as a preventive measure to avoid Mn deficiencies. Iron deficiencies are also very common and are the result of a low availability of the element in the soil. Beside Mn and Fe, the elements Zn, Ca, Mg and B also require special attention.

Secondary Elements:Calcium: also in Persimmons, Calcium influences strongly the quality of the yield. It strengthens the cell walls and therefore the shelf life of the fruits post harvest. Calcium also improves the general health of the plant. In acidic soils deficiencies are common. Under these conditions we recommend applications with Chelal Omnical to ensure fruits of good quality. On the other hand, in alkaline soils, calcium is present in big quantities, but the translocation of the element within the plant, towards the fruits is difficult and not very efficient. Foliar applications at the right moment (the shedding of the petals) can bring some extra Calcium into the plant, with a good translocation towards the fruits.Magnesium: Deficiencies of this element are more frequent on sandy and acidic soils, but can also be caused by high soil concentrations of potassium. Fertilisers rich in potassium will reduce the availability and uptake of Magnesium. Magnesium disorders, even small, will make the crop also more sensitive to the deficiencies of other elements such as zinc and manganese.

Micronutrients:Boron: Boron is an essential element for the quality of the flowers, a good fruit set and a homogeneous fruit formation. If necessary, the applications of this element need to be situated just before and/or just after flowering. Not only the deficiency of this elements can cause problems, but also the excess (the difference between deficiency and toxicity is narrow particularly in Persimmons). This element has also a close and important relationship with calcium in the plant: plants with high concentrations of calcium endure better high boron concentrations and will not suffer as much.Zinc: Zinc has many functions in the plant. Beside various more general functions such as stabilizing the cell pH, the protein production, etc... it has also a more specific function: zinc influences the endogen production of plant growth hormones. This is the reason why Zinc is specifically important at the beginning of the season to insure a juvenile growth without any interruptions.Manganese: This element is the most problematic in Persimmons. Disorders are very frequent and also known as „jaspeat“. Manganese has various functions, but one of them is particularly important for persimmon: it strengthens the assimilation of CO and stimulates the production of carbo hydrates. The deficiency of this element has a direct effect on the productivity of the 2

crop and on the quality of the fruits. Although deficiencies are common, the control of this disorder is not difficult. With preventive foliar applications, or with applications at the moment the first deficiency symptoms appear, it is possible to keep the crop green and healthy. Iron: Iron is an element that intervenes in a lot of the metabolic processes linked to the transformation and/or transport of energy, as for example, the respiration and naturally also the photosynthesis. Iron chlorosis is generally caused by a high soil pH’s in alkaline and calcareous soils. In these specific soil conditions is the availability of other elements such as zinc, manganese (and possibly boron and copper) also limited. That is the reason why crops with iron chlorosis have often also secondary deficiencies of zinc, manganese and others. Our experience has thought us to treat the typical iron chlorosis, with foliar treatment that not only contain iron, but also these other elements for the best and more consistent results. Copper: Besides stabilising the chlorophyl, and slowing down the aging process of the cells, copper has some other important functions which significantly influence the health of the plant. It influences the biosynthesis of the lignin, it forms part of the polyphenol-oxidase important in the auto defence mechanism of the plant, and copper also activates the synthesis of phytoalexins which reduces the germination of spores limiting thus the growth of fungi.

PERSIMMONspecific nutritional problems

BMS Micro-Nutrients NV has developed a complete range of products to be able to respond to all possible nutritional problems and also to make complete and balanced foliar fertilisation programmes, which optimise and improve the fertilisation of our crops, maintaining a high production with a good quality. The balanced nutrition also improves the general health of the crop!

Chelal®The Chelal range is our range of chelated micronutrients. To increase the efficiency of the products, BMS Micro-Nutrients developed various techniques such as the use of different chelating agents in one and the same product, the complete chelatation of all the micronutrients, including Boron and Molybdenum. In this range you will find a specific product of each of the micronutrients, and also for Calcium and Magnesium, and also various products based on mixtures of different micronutrients. (Chelates : cfr below)

Fructol® NF - Fructol® Bio - Chelal® NoorThe Fructol range contains different products rich in almost all nutrients the plant might need. They contain as well the mayor elements (N, P and K), as the secondary elements (Mg and S) and also chelated micronutrients. These products are specifically developed to stimulate and intensify the photosynthesis and the productivity of the crop.

KappaThe Kappa products contain N-P-K (and/or S and Mg) with also small quantities of chelated micronutrients. The range contains products with different equilibria, able to respond to the changing needs of the plants during their development. The different equilibria of the products allow the producer to control and guide the growth of the plant. If extra growth is necessary Kappa V or Kappa M can be used to stimulate the plant, and on the other hand when there is an excessive vigorous growth, the growth of the plant can be controlled with Kappa G rich in K.

Landamine®The products of this range are based on very concentrated P-K solutions, enriched with 1 or 2 chelated micronutrients in high concentrations. As they do not contain any nitrogen, these products are above all interesting to be used during the second stage of the plant development or during the maturation of the crop.

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THE SOLUTIONSthe products

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Chelates: ADVANTAGESŸ are characterized by a high chemical stability, explaining the power to keep a maximum of micronutrients in

solution, which results in a maximum availability for the plant.Ÿ assure a good absorption/penetration and a fast translocation to all plant parts.The chelates of BMS Micro-Nutrients are the most elaborated formulations on the market. The most important features are: Ÿ the trace-elements are 100 % chelated.Ÿ high purity: there are no salts nor heavy metals present Ÿ chelating agents with high intrinsic stability are being used

(synthetic chelating agents)Ÿ depending on the product, two or more chelating agents are used

to increase even further the efficiency of the application.Ÿ the products can be applied to the soil as well as on the leaf

(possibility to combine with pesticide treatments).

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FOLIAR PROGRAMMEFor Persimmons

Kappa V - Kappa M - Chelal® Alga L - Chelal® AZ - Chelal MnZn

Nutritional requirements for Persimmons

Hyberol® - Chelal® B - Chelal® BMo - Chelal MnZn

Fructol® NF - Fructol® Bio - Chelal MnChelal® Omnical - Chelal® Alga L - Chelal Mg

Landamine® Zn - Chelal® OmnicalKappa G - Chelal Mg

Landamine® Zn - Hyberol®

Iron chlorosis: Chelal® 3, Chelal® RD NF, Chelal® Fe, Chelal® FeMn, Chelal® Hydro NF

EcomethodA more efficient use of fertilisers is also a more ecological way to fertilise and to use the natural resources on this planet. Because of the high efficiency of foliar fertilisation, an important reduction of the amount of fertilisers used to the soil is possible. This will reduce the total input of fertilisers necessary to nourish our crop per ha, maintaining the productivity as well in quantity as in quality. This reduction in the total amount of fertilisers has also various environmental advantages! First of all there is a significant reduction in the emissions of green house gases (CO ). This is easily quantified through the “carbon footprint“. The carbon 2

footprint is considered as the worldwide standard to measure the effect of an activity, product or an organisation on the environment, and especially of its impact on climate change. It is a clear and simple way to express the environmental effect, understandable for everybody. With the foliar programmes of BMS Micro-Nutrients it is easy to reduce considerably the carbon footprint of fertilisation.

This is !!!!!To avoid “greenwashing“ and to guarantee the credibility of this project, BMS Micro-Nutrients contracted a consultant specialised in environmental issues, the Italian company, 2A Group, which made a study comparing the carbon footprint of different fertilisation methods. The results obtained in various crops were spectacular. With a complete foliar fertilisation programme, the carbon footprint of the fertilisation can be reduced up to 95%!!!

BY BMS MICRO-NUTRIENTS

The products where this logo is indicated are authorized in organic production in accordance w i th EC- regu la t ions 834/2007 and 889/2008. Please check also national legislation. Chelal Fe, Chelal Alga L, Chelal AZ, Chelal B, Chelal BMo, Chelal Cu, Chelal Mo, Chelal Mn, Chelal Zn, Chelal MnZn, Chelal RD NF, Chelal Hydro NF, Chelal 3, Hyberol, Chelal FeMn, Fructol Bio.

APPROVED

Beginning of the

vegetative development

Quality and uniformity

of flowering

Beginning of fruit set - fruit

quality

Maturation of the fruit - size,

weight and colour

Full bloom

Post-harvest

Plant health (after pruning): Chelal® Kubig

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Iron chlorosis:Often are iron deficiencies treated with the application of specific iron chelates to the soil. The results of these treatments are not always satisfactory and are expensive because the high amounts of chelate that need to be applied. BMS Micro-Nutrients developed an effect foliar programme that provides not only iron, but also other trace elements. The specific soil and climatological conditions that cause iron deficiency, also reduce the availability of other elements (especially Zn and Mn). The joint application of all these elements is therefore advisable and will increase the result of the treatment.BMS Micro-Nutrients proposes several solutions. First of all, we have Chelal® 3 that contains the 3 key elements to control iron chlorosis (Fe, Mn and Zn). Secondly, we propose the combination of Chelal® Fe and Chelal® RD NF. These two solutions have given very good results at a competitive cost and have caused a revolution in the treatment of iron chlorosis. The programmes consist of 2 or 3 foliar treatments of Chelal® 3 or Chelal® RD NF + Chelal® Fe, followed by 2 or 3 foliar treatments with only Chelal® Fe. We recommend to treat preventively.

Deficiencies of Manganese and Zinc:Persimmons are first of all sensitive to Manganese deficiency, and secondly to Zinc deficiency. The root system is not very efficient in absorbing these 2 elements. With foliar applications we can compensate for this low efficiency and avoid deficiencies. Preventive treatments are preferred and will give the best results.BMS Micro-Nutrients has several products in its range that serve the purpose. First of all there are the products that contain only Manganese and only Zinc respectively Chelal® Mn and Chelal® Zn. These are the most concentrated products to treat these specific deficiencies quickly and efficiently. Other products such as Chelal® MnZn, a mixture of these 2 elements and Chelal® RD NF, containing various trace elements but with Zn and Mn as the main components, also offer a solution.

Deficiency of MagnesiumMagnesium is a key element for photosynthesis and therefore has an important influence on the productivity of the crop and the quality of the fruits (e.g. concentration of sugars). It is important to avoid deficiencies by making preventive applications. Deficiencies frequently appear during the maturation and the colouring of the fruits. We recommend treatments, from full bloom onwords up to fruit colouring.Chelal® Mg and also Fructol® NF are the best products because of their high content of Mg.

THE SOLUTIONSto specific problems

Conclusions

Produced by: BMS Micro-Nutrients NV - Rijksweg 32, 2880 Bornem, Belgium - RPR Antwerpen Afd Mechelen - ON: 0440.980.608Tel: + 32.3.899.10.10 - www.chelal.com - info@chelal.com

03.06.2021

ü Very complete range of products, to avoid or treat any type of nutritional disorder. ü All micronutrients (including boron and molybdenum) are completely chelated with the

technology of BMS Micro-Nutrients, assuring high efficiency and an optimal result.ü The complete foliar programmes (mayor, meso and micro-elements) optimize the nutrition of

the crop allowing for a considerable reduction in the traditional fertilisation to soil. ü The foliar programmes increase the productivity as well in quantity as in quality.ü A complete and balanced nutrition also improves the general health of the crop.ü The products of BMS Micro-Nutrients are compatible with most commonly used pesticides.

Therefore no supplementary applications are necessary to apply the foliar programmes.ü The foliar programmes reduce the environmental impact of fertilisation. The reduction of the

soil fertilisation which is possible together with the foliar programmes of BMS MN, reduces the contamination of the soil and the water table, and significantly reduces the carbon footprint of the fertilisation of our crop.

Results

17/5/’17 8/6/’17Plants recovering from a manganese deficiency, after a

treatment with 1,5 L Chelal Mn.Results of the programme for fruit size: with 2

treatments of Chelal RD NF, Kappa G and Landamine Zn

(8 and 6 weeks before harvest).

Diameter: + 3,3 - 5,4 mmYield: + 4150 - 7250 Kg/Ha

Produced by: BMS Micro-Nutrients NV - Rijksweg 32, 2880 Bornem, BelgiumRPR Antwerpen Afd Mechelen - ON: BE0440 980 608

Tel: + 32 3 899 10 10 - www.chelal.com - info@chelal.com