AREVA sustainable back-end solutions
Transcript of AREVA sustainable back-end solutions
AREVA sustainable back-end solutions for smooth and optimized nuclear development – June 3, 2015 – Atomexpo 2015 p.1
AREVA sustainable back-end solutions for smooth and optimized nuclear development Ludovic Devos Regional VP, Russia, Ukraine & CIS AREVA
June 3rd, 2015
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Content
1. Introduction
2. French back-end approach
3. Addressing today’s world market
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Reconditioning for
transport
Encapsulation
Under development
Constraints for
time, space, and
safeguards
Universal canister
Optimized in footprint
(by 4), volume (by 5)
and toxicity (by 10)
Absence of
Constraints for
time, space and
« safeguards »
~10 yrs
Recycling
Used Fuel=
Valuable Material
+ 4% waste
Once-through
Used Fuel = Waste
ERU
Interim - Storage
Final Disposal
Technical and
economical
uncertainties
Two Main Options for Used Fuel Management
Reprocessing-
Recycling
Industrial operations
MOX
LWR and FR
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Amount of used fuel will rise by 2030 while disposal and reprocessing capacities will remain limited
LWR Used Fuel
Inventories
LWR Used Fuel
Annual Unloading
Deep geological repository will
remain a scarce resource
2025 - 2040
>2050
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
(1000 tHM)
2030 2013
+70%
0
2 000
4 000
6 000
8 000
10 000
12 000
tHM/Y
2030 2013
+90%
Available reprocessing capacities
will remain well below the needs
Key players of the closed fuel cycle could
coordinate their efforts to address a huge market
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Content
1. Introduction
2. French back-end approach
3. Addressing today’s world market
AREVA sustainable back-end solutions for smooth and optimized nuclear development – June 3, 2015 – Atomexpo 2015 p.6 AREVA - Back-End Business Group – June 2, 2015 – Atomexpo 2015 p.6
France’s closed fuel cycle policy has led to significant savings
Depleted Uranium
~120 t/y
MOX
ERU
ENU
~1050 t/y
Uranium mining
and concentration
~ 8000 t/year
Conversion Enrichment
~ 5.5 MUTS/year
58 NPPs
22 with MOX
4 with REPU
430 TWhe /year
Yellow
Cake UF6
Near Surface Disposal
Enriched UF6
Fuel fabrication
Very low, low
and
intermediate
level waste
Fuel
Assemblies
Spent fuel 1200 t/y
Reprocessed
Uranium(RU) Plutonium
Geological
Disposal
UC-V
UC-C
Reprocessing
25 500 tons
Natural Uranium Savings
18 940 tons
Interim Storage savings
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Recycling is a fully available and proven industrial solution with
more than 40 years of experience
A proven industrial performance
1971 1980 1989 1998 2004 2012
MOX URE
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
Performance : equivalent
to UO2 fuel
More than 6700 MOX
FAs already used
in LWRs as of jan. 2012
More than 7200 ERU
FAs already used
in LWRs as of jan. 2012
Assemblies
Source : AREVA
Existing French capacities
~2 140 tHM of MOX fuel
produced as of 2013
La Hague
Melox
29 650 tHM
reprocessed as of 2013
AREVA has an undisputed leadership on the reprocessing/recycling of used fuel
AREVA reprocessing customers
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Strict environmental monitoring at La Hague plant
Monitoring is carried out on: atmosphere, land (surface water, grass, milk, etc.), sea (coastal water, seaweed, shellfish, fish, etc.)
A wide range of measurements:
Around 20,000 samples are taken each year
Around 70,000 analyses are performed each year
Gaseous and liquid emissions strictly managed:
Low-level radioactive effluents purified prior to emission
Emissions largely reduced over the years
Full compliance with strict authorizations
Under the control of the authorities, who
also perform their own inspections
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No health impact from operation of La Hague plant
From a radiological standpoint, the site’s impact* is
100 times lower than natural radioactivity levels
*Impact calculated since 2004 using a model produced by the GRNC (Groupe Radio-écologie Nord-Cotentin), making allowance for the results of the AREVA public enquiry (1998), for a reference group: population likely
to be the most highly exposed due to its position and lifestyle.
Natural exposure 2,4 mSv / year
AREVA La Hague
< 0,02 mSv / year
mSv
AREVA sustainable back-end solutions for smooth and optimized nuclear development – June 3, 2015 – Atomexpo 2015 p.10 AREVA - Back-End Business Group – June 2, 2015 – Atomexpo 2015 p.10
Scenarios for the future of French back-end policy
2025
D: Independence vs.
natU
C: No accumulation
of used fuel
Fast reactors
B: No accumulation
of PWR MOX
Current
fleet
PWR
Coordinated approach by key French players
# 63 GWe
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Content
1. Introduction
2. French back-end approach
3. Addressing today’s world market
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Historical nuclear utilities are facing major challenges
Recycling is a way to mitigate main risks
AREVA sustainable back-end solutions for smooth and optimized nuclear development – June 3, 2015 – Atomexpo 2015 p.13 AREVA - Back-End Business Group – June 2, 2015 – Atomexpo 2015 p.13
Comprehensiveness and flexibility of chosen solutions are key
Storage systems need to be compatible with transport and all possible schemes of used fuel management
Paths for countries considering interim storage must encounter:
Potential delay for centralized storage,
Public / regulatory pressure for emptying Used Fuel pools before saturation, as a safety measure,
difficulty with inter-site transport of Used Fuel (public/regulatory pressure)
On-site dry storageOn-site dry storage
Centralized dry storageCentralized dry storage
Reprocessing
Plant
Or
Direct Disposal
Site
Reprocessing
Plant
Or
Direct Disposal
Site
22
33
11
Nuclear Power
Plant
Nuclear Power
Plant
Intersite
transfers
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Sustainable Cycle Solutions
RECYCLING
WET STORAGE DRY STORAGE
AREVA can provide Sustainable Cycle Solutions
For an optimized, long-term and responsible management of used fuel
RECYCLING & HLW STORAGE INTERIM OPTIONS FOR USED FUEL
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS