Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT
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Transcript of Areva P442 Protection by Areva PPT
MiCOMho P443 and P445High Performance Distance Protection
Sept 2005
Sam SambasivanCalvin Vo
> MiCOMho P4432 2
MiCOMho Introduction
> MiCOMho P4433 3
MiCOMho Introduction
MiCOMho P443
High performance distanceprotection
Universal mho characteristics
Quadrilateral characteristics forshort lines/cables, and whereboosting of resistive fault coverageis required
Sub cycle - no excuses (P443)Advanced protection and controlwithin one device
Includes directional comparisonand DEF schemes
Simple to set and testEasy set option
> MiCOMho P4434 4
MiCOM Protection Portfolio
P900 P900 Frequency Protection RelaysFrequency Protection Relays
P800 P800 Autoreclose, Breaker Fail ...Autoreclose, Breaker Fail ...
P100 P100 Feeder Management RelaysFeeder Management Relays
P700 P700 Busbar Protection SchemesBusbar Protection Schemes
P600 P600 Transformer Protection RelaysTransformer Protection Relays
P500 Line Differential and Unit SchemesP500 Line Differential and Unit Schemes
P400 P400 Distance Protection RelaysDistance Protection Relays
P300 P300 Generator Protection RelaysGenerator Protection Relays
P200 P200 Universal Motor Protection RelayUniversal Motor Protection Relay
MiCOMho
> MiCOMho P4435 5
MiCOMho P443:Subcycle Transmission Network ProtectionSubcycle tripping, single pole settable - no excuses
Trip time includes contact closure time
Full-scheme, non-switched distance protectionMho and quadrilateral characteristics freely selectablefor phase and ground faults“Setting-free” power swing blocking
No blinders or starter zones to set - universal application
Additional main protection: DEF and delta directionalcomparison
Deltas - fast signal send for channel-aided schemes
Optional InterMiCOM interface for teleprotection:InterMiCOM EIA (RS) 232 typically for MODEM linksInterMiCOM64 for 56/64kBits/s digital links or direct fiber
P443 - 80TE modular case for binary I/O up to 24/32.
> MiCOMho P4436 6
50% 70% 80% 90%
10
20
30
40
0
Performance:Subcycle up
to 75% Reach
MiCOMhoExample Timing Contour, 60Hz, SIR = 5
P443: Subcycle Tripping Performance
Typical Operating TimeP443 - Fast:
0.7 to 1 cycleP445
General Purpose:1 to 1.3 cycle
P443
> MiCOMho P4437 7
MiCOMho P445:Distribution / Subtransmission Protection
Three pole tripping typically 1 to 1.3 cycleSuccessor to popular Optimho and Quadramho ranges
Full-scheme, non-switched distance protectionMho or quadrilateral characteristics settable for groundfaults, mho phase characteristics.“Setting-free” power swing blocking
No blinders or starter zones to set - universal application
Additional main protection: DEFOptional InterMiCOM interface for teleprotection:
InterMiCOM EIA (RS) 232 typically for MODEM linksInterMiCOM64 for 56/64kBits/s digital links or direct fiber
P445 - specially designed for retrofit applications40TE (8” width) replaces vertical mount relays60TE models offer more binary I/O, up to 16/16
> MiCOMho P4438 8
50% 70% 80% 90%
10
20
30
40
0
MiCOMhoExample Timing Contour, 60Hz, SIR = 5
P445: Tripping Performance
Typical Operating TimeP443 - Fast:
0.7 to 1 cycle(price premium)
P445General Purpose:
1 to 1.3 cycle
P445
> MiCOMho P4439 9
P443 and P445 I/O and Comparison Table
MiCOMhoA versatile range: from simple retrofit to EHV
Case Optos Contacts Distance DEF DeltaSchemes
P443 A 80TE 16 24 Yes Yes
B 80TE 24 32
Subcycle…• Phase: Mho
and Quad• Gnd: Mho & Q Yes Yes
P445 A 40TE 8 8 Yes
B 60TE 12 12 Yes
C 60TE 16 16
1 to 1.3 cycle…• Phase: Mho• Ground: Mho
andQuadrilateral Yes
> MiCOMho P44310 10
CONFIGURATION
Distance
Directiona l E/ F
Directiona l Comp
Overcurrent
Neg Sequence O/ C
Broken Conductor
Earth Fault
Residua l O/ V NVD
Thermal Overload
Volt Protection
CB Fa il
CONFIGURATION
Supervision
Fault Locator
System Checks
Auto-Reclose
Disturb Recorder
Commission Tests
Control Inputs
Direct Access
InterMiCOM
21P/N/78
67N
∆I/∆V
50/51/67
46/67
46BC
67N
59N
49
27/59
50BF
25
CTS/VTS
79
Teleprot
Protection & Control:List of Main Features
* P443 only, not P445
* *
> MiCOMho P44311 11
Distance Elements
MiCOMho
> MiCOMho P44312 12
MiCOMho Introduction
Compares pre-faulted system
Acts as a fault detector and faulted phase detector
Can quickly recognize evolving faults and power swings
Provides secure phase selection for complex faultconditions
Sensitive to any fault type
P443/P445 Use Superimposed Current
MiCOMhoProven Delta Techniques
> MiCOMho P44313 13
Faulted = Unfaulted +Superimposed
MiCOMho
i rly =imem
+
i r
Prefault Fault
= Superimposed
Current:-
Proven Delta Techniques
> MiCOMho P44314 14
Superimposed Components -Simple Theory
AB
BC
CA
Change!
Change!
NoChange!
1 CycleComparison
1 CycleComparison
Ground Fault,Phase C
2 cycle window
MiCOMho
> MiCOMho P44315 15
Distance ZonesMho Characteristics
Z3
ZpZ2
Z1
Z4
Three independent Forwardzones
Z1, Z2, Z3 (Z3 optionalreverse offset)
One Reverse zoneZ4
Programmable Fwd/Revzone
Zone p
Available for Phase and GroundProtection (21P and 21G)
MiCOMho
> MiCOMho P44316 16
P443 Trip Times (60Hz)
P443Zone 1 Trip min. 12 msZone 1 Trip max. 16.5 ms
SUB CYCLESIR < 30
Speed: Sub-cycle Technology
MiCOMho
> MiCOMho P44317 17
Use of the Load Blinder to AvoidLoad Encroachment Trips
Z
R
X
Load Area
Blinder Angle
Blinder ImpedanceSetting
MiCOMhoBlinder Allows Stability Notch around Load
> MiCOMho P44318 18
MiCOMho
Removal of LoadBlinder For Faults
R
X
Load Area
Blinder disappears for volts below V<
Rf
Characteristic Expansion
Z
Better Resisitive Coverage on Fault Inception
> MiCOMho P44319 19
Quadrilateral Characteristics
Z3 (reverse offset)
Zp (if reverselooking)
Z4
Z2
Z1Independently selectable
eg. Mho phase + quadground fault
Ground faults only in P445
Available for Phase and GroundProtection (21P and 21G)
(Directional lineshown simplified)
> MiCOMho P44320 20
Setting Applied for PhaseFault Detection
Fault
IA - IBZS
VABVS R1 Ph / 2
Z1 Ph
Line Phase Reach
Positive Sequence Model
Rab
Xab
Z1R1ph/2
Z1 ph
A-B Zone 1 shown:
MiCOMho
> MiCOMho P44321 21
Setting Applied for GroundFault Detection
Fault
IAZS
VAVS R1 Gnd
Z1 Gnd
Line Ground Reach
Group Loop Model
Rab
Xab
Z1R1Gnd/(1+Kn)
Z1 ph
A-N Zone 1 shown:
IA
Line Residual Reach
kZn x Z1 GndIN
MiCOMho
> MiCOMho P44322 22
During a single phase to ground fault the Negative PhaseSequence current is approximately in phase with thefault arc current
The reactance line of the Ground Quad Elements ispolarized from Negative Sequence Current
Under and overreach effects are minimized dynamically
A downwards tilt can be implemented on the reactanceline
Ground Faults:
MiCOMho
Negating Under / OverreachEffects of Infeed
Phase Faults:
Removes the chance of a spurious trip
> MiCOMho P44323 23
Preventing Zone - 1 OverreachQuadrilateral Characteristic
R
IA
A B
RF EB
IB
IF
RF
XAllow reactanceline to tilt down
R
EA
B
jX
A
Prefault power export
MiCOMho
> MiCOMho P44324 24
Preventing Zone - 2/3 UnderreachQuadrilateral Characteristic
EA
IA
A
EB
IB
jX
B
RF
RA
X
RF
Prefault power import
R
Allow reactanceline to tilt up
B
MiCOMho
> MiCOMho P44325 25
Easy Setting of Distance ProtectionZones (1)
GROUP 1LINE PARAMETERSLine Length
Line Impedance
Line Angle
Residua l Comp
Residua l Angle
Mutua l Comp
Mutua l Angle
Mutua l cut- off (k)
Phase Rota tion
Trip Mode
GROUP 1DISTANCE SETUPSetting Mode
Digita l Filter
CVT Filters
SIR Setting
Load Blinders
Load/ B Impedance
Load/ B Angle
Load Blinder V<
Distance PolarisingABCCBA
ProtectedLine
Long Line?
CVT andhigh SIR?
% Memory?
* P443 only, not P445
* *
> MiCOMho P44326 26
GROUP 1LINE PARAMETERSLine Length
Line Impedance
Line Angle
Residua l Comp
Residua l Angle
Mutua l Comp
Mutua l Angle
Mutua l cut- off (k)
Phase Rota tion
Trip Mode
GROUP 1DISTANCE ELEMENTSPHASE DISTANCE
Z1 Phase Reach
Z1 Phase Angle
GROUND DISTANCE
Z1 Ground Reach
Z1 Ground Angle
Z1 Residual Comp
Z1 Residual Angle
% Ω
Easy Set Mode:Automatic Reach
Conversion
MiCOMho
Easy Setting of Distance ProtectionZones (2)
> MiCOMho P44327 27
A distance relay needs secure voltage polarizing toensure:
Immunity to CVT transient effects - correct forward/reversereaction for close-in faults
Characteristic expansion for mho elements to boostresistive fault coverage
Cross-polarizing from unfaulted phases where memory isunavailable
Maintained optimum polarizing, even throughout powerswings
Open book policy:The P443/P445 meets all of these stringent requirements
Distance Polarizing
Fine tuned from in-house and customer simulator experience
> MiCOMho P44328 28
Power Swing Blocking
> MiCOMho P44329 29
A power swing will result in continuous change ofcurrent
Continuous output from the relay superimposed currentelement can be used to block for a power swing
Using this method the relay is able to operate for faultsoccurring during a power swing
All detection relies on delta elements with adaptivethresholds - nothing for the user to set!
Power Swing Blocking
“Setting-Free” Power Swing / Out of Step MiCOMho
> MiCOMho P44330 30
Power Swing, Summary (1)
Locus ofpowerswing
Load area
∆I
Power swings are detected by continuous superimposedcurrent presence - “∆I”.Swings are detected much earlier than for conventionaldevices - where the locus must cross into a band whichsurrounds the trip characteristics.No PSB start-up zone, no blinders (or load encroachmentissues), no timers to set… “setting-free”.
“Setting-Free” Power Swing / Out of Step
> MiCOMho P44331 31
Power Swing, Summary (2)
Relay trips for all faults occurring during a power swing.The power swing block is removed instantly for anunbalanced fault, on reselection by the phase selectors.In the unlikely event of a 3 phase fault, a step change in∆I resets the block.
Continuous ∆IDuring Swing
FaultInception
Minimal ∆IPresent
> MiCOMho P44332 32
Pilot / Aided Schemes
> MiCOMho P44333 33
GROUP 1DIRECTIONAL FNDEF SETTINGS
DEF Polarising
DEF Char Angle
DEF VNpol Set
DEF V2pol Set
DEF Threshold
GROUP 1DIRECTIONAL FNDELTA DIRECTION
Delta Sta tus
Delta Char Angle
Delta V Fwd
Delta V Rev
Delta I Fwd
Delta I Rev
GROUP 1DISTANCE SCHEMESAIDED SCHEME 1
Aided 1 Dist dly
tReversa l Guard
WI Single Pole Trip
WI V< Threshold
WI Trip Delay
Directional Ground 67N• IN> faults• Sensitive
DirectionalWave/Compar.• LFDC delta….(P443 only)
Distance Aided 21PILOT• PUR.. POR• WI.. block
Channel Options for Aided Schemes,Permissive and Blocking
All IEC and ANSI/IEEE Scheme Types MiCOMho
> MiCOMho P44334 34
Directional Ground Fault
> MiCOMho P44335 35
ZA0398
Directional Ground FaultProtection (DEF)
High resistance ground faults
Instantaneous or time delayed
IEC and IEEE curves
Single or three pole tripping in aided scheme
> MiCOMho P44336 36
DEF Directional Security
Negative Sequence polarizing not affected by:Zero sequence mutual coupling
Standing zero sequence
May be used in parallel line applications
Use of Healthy Phase polarizing is very secure:Calculates -3V0 direction from the two unfaulted phases
No need for current polarizing even when 3V0 or V2 arenegligible
“Virtual Current” Polarizing MiCOMho
> MiCOMho P44337 37
Differentiating Factor -Virtual Current Polarizing of Aided DEF
All traditional DEF protection (ground fault pilotprotection scheme) relied on sufficient polarizing
voltage to make a directional decision. If this werenot available, current polarizing from an extra
CT input would be needed.“Virtual Current Polarizing” ensures correct
directional polarizing, even with no residual voltagegenerated, and without an extra CT input.
Market Leading Technology MiCOMho
> MiCOMho P44338 38
Healthy Phase (Zero Sequence)Polarizing
Virtual Current: to Calculate a pseudo (-Vres) MiCOMho
AFAULT
Va
Vc Vb
Va
Vc Vb
Va
Vc Vb
Voltage set:No fault
“V residual”
(P443/P445 and LFZR)Can cover faults with no VresPhase selector removes Va
“Residual” = Vb + VcAlways a voltage -Vres
(All relays pre-LFZR)Typical A-N fault:
A phase voltage fallsResult… Vres
-Vres is OK to directionalize
Ia
Ia
Vres
> MiCOMho P44339 39
DEF Backup Overcurrent Protection51P/51N/67
Four stages of directional/non-directional phaseovercurrent protection
I>1 and I>2 IDMT or definite time
I>3 and I>4 definite time (t=0, instantaneous)
Four stages of directional/non-directional earth faultprotection
IN>1 and IN>2 IDMT or definite time
IN>3 and IN>4 definite time (t=0, instantaneous)
Directional decision polarized from VN or V2, allowinguse of open delta VTs
I> and IN> elements can be enabled permanently, or onchannel failure
> MiCOMho P44340 40
Backup Overcurrent Protection51P/51N/67 IDMT Curves
IEC Curves
Current (Multiples of Is)
0.1
1
10
100
1000
1 10010
Operating Time (s)IEEE Curves
0.1
1
10
100
1 10 100Current (Multiples of Is)
Operating Time (s)IEC SIIEC VIIEC EIIEC LTS
US MIUS VIUS EIUS IUS SI
> MiCOMho P44341 41
Fault and Disturbance Records
MiCOM S1 saves file in the COMTRADE format for advanced fault diagnostics
Fault location:
Distance to fault
V and I measurements
Prefault Postfault Analog channels
Digital channels
Sample 48 times per cycle
2.4kHz Resolution at 50Hz
> MiCOMho P44342 42
Distance to Fault Locator
16% 3.8Ω16km10miles
P443 Offers additional MutualCurrent Compensation
MiCOMho
> MiCOMho P44343 43
Programmable Scheme Logic
Px40 relays contain powerful PSL, for customizingprotection and control functionality where required
An internal programmable logic controller, set via MiCOMS1Comprises AND, OR, PROGRAMMABLE, MAJORITY, NOT,NAND and NOR gate functions.Internal timers for sequencing, and general delaysPermits latching of output contacts and LEDs
Use for extra protection functions such as Trip CircuitSupervision, and customized control (eg. Interlocking).
No inherent delay, designed to avoid “race” problems
> MiCOMho P44344 44
MiCOM Px4x Platform Communication Interface
MeasurementsStatus
ControlsRecords
Fault LocationDisturbances
SettingsPeer - Peer
Courier IEC103 DNP3 61850
X XXX
• Public• Private• Not supported by protocol
(Future)
X
Scope of Communication Interfaces
> MiCOMho P44345 45
Easy Set, and Easy Test:“Static Test” Commissioning Setting
Many secondary injection test sets are notdesigned to simulate a real dynamic fault.
To allow all test sets to be used with the relay there is a “Static Test Mode” in the commissioning menu
No need to change test sets MiCOMho
Bypasses delta phase selection
Reverts to simple (non-delta) directional line
Cross polarizing replaces memory
> MiCOMho P44346 46
MiCOM P443 Summary (1)
High performance distance protectionUniversal mho characteristics
Quadrilateral characteristics for short lines/cables, and whereboosting of resistive fault coverage is required
Sub cycle - no excusesIncludes output contact
Even in capacitor VT applications
Easy selection of aided schemes and backup options
From the same family as successful predecessors:LFZP Optimho: Over 11500 relays installed since 1989
SHNB Micromho: Over 2500 installed since 1983
P443 MiCOMho mixes experience with proven new technology
Proven design pedigree MiCOMho
> MiCOMho P44347 47
MiCOM P443 Summary (2)
Fast fault clearance for optimum network stability and voltageprofile management
Versatile characteristics shaped for stability under all load flows -load blinders defend the system in severe contingencies
Advanced protection and control within one devicePossible universal HV/EHV protection solution: distance ordirectional comparison
Simple to set and testEasy set option
Static test mode
MiCOMhoCustomer benefits
> MiCOMho P44348 48
MiCOM P445 Summary
Small case size - perfect for retrofitting in existing panels andcubicles
Easy selection of aided schemes and backup options
From the same family as successful predecessors:LFZP Optimho: Over 11500 relays installed since 1989
SHPM Quadramho: Over 6400 installed since 1984
P445 MiCOMho mixes experience with proven new technology
Simple to set and testEasy set option
Static test mode
MiCOMhoCustomer benefits
> MiCOMho P44349 49
Design Pedigree:AREVA HV/EHV Distance
GGC
GG
G
TRIP
ALARM
OUT OF SERVICE
HEALTHY
G
G
EDIT
= CLEAR
= ENTER
= READ
C
MiCOM
GGC
GG
G
G
G
TRIP
ALARM
OUT OF SERVICE
HEALTHY
EDIT
= CLEAR
= ENTER
= READ
C
MiCOM
GGC
GG
G
G
G
TRIP
ALARM
OUT OF SERVICE
HEALTHY
EDIT
O I L/R
PXLN SHNBPD571
P439
P432 EHVONE-BOXSOLUTION
P442/P444DISTANCE
PROTECTION
P443/P445MiCOMho
PROTECTION
P437 LFZPOptimho
LFZRLFDC
EPAC
Algos. Algos.Algos. Algos.
Algos. Algos.Ph/select
Algos. SOTF,Schemes
Algos.Control
∆ DirectionP44x/P54x H/W
µmho