FRENCH REVOLUTION

AREA OF STUDY ONE

KIEREN PROWSELOYOLA COLLEGE

Aims for the session

To gain an understanding of: What is Area of Study One French

Revolution? What will the exam look like in Section A? What can I do to succeed in the exam? Top 5 tips for success!

Area of Study One

Dates: 1781 Jacque Necker’s Compte Rendu 4th August 1789 – Night of Patriotic

Delirium

Phrygian Bonnet

Revolutions Study Design

Area of Study One – French Revolution An understanding of the ‘Revolutionary Ideas, Movements,

Leaders and Events. Key knowledge: - Chronology of events (timeline) - Causes of tensions and conflict (why did the people want

change) - Revolutionary ideas (ideas that suggested change from

current system) - Key Leaders (how did individuals develop ideas for

change) - Movements (where did the ‘energy’ for change come

from)

How will I score well on the exam?

Key skills: Recall key dates with accuracy. Have full awareness of the causes of tensions and

conflicts of the Ancien Regime. Ability to analyse and interpret images/documents/text. ‘Synthesize evidence to develop a coherent argument’

(Understand how one event/idea/leader/movement influence another and be able to link them together.

Have knowledge of and be able to use a variety of Historian’s opinions to support your response to a question.

How do I succeed???

Understanding number 1: You do not have to know everything about everything. 3 or 4 things about all the different topics.

Understand how one decision or action influences other events in the development of the revolution.

Prepare yourself well in advance for the exam; cramming will not work.

Collect and utilise quotes. Paraphrase quotes is a good idea. Take the eyes out of the quote.

Write your responses with clarity, conciseness. Correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation and

paragraphing is a non negotiable.

Summary Book Topics – Area of Study One

King Louis XIV King Louis XV King Louis XVI Divine right monarchy Versailles Taxation system The Three Estates (Church, Nobles,

the rest) Marie Antoinette The enlightenment and the

Philosophes Montesquieu Voltaire Rousseau Diderot Physiocrats American War of Independence La Fayette Compte Rendu Jacques Necker

Charles – Alexander de Calonne Archbishop Brienne Aristocratic Revolt/Assembly of Notables Parlements Royal Session (Seance Royale) 19

November 1787 Day of Tiles Pamphlet war Abbe Sieyes Cahiers de Doleances Society of Thirty Estates-General (great detail needed here) Formation of National Assembly Tennis Court Oath Royal session 23 June 1789 Fall of the Bastille Municipal revolt Great Fear 4th August 1789 – Night of Patriotic

Delirium Marxist Historians views Revisionist Historians views Liberal Historians views

The Three Estates

28 Million people in 1780.

First Estate : Clergy. Second Estate:

Nobility. Third Estate:

Everybody else:

Those least able to afford taxes expected to pay the most.

Figures from McPhee; The French Revolution, P.13-18

The poverty of many and the grievances of nearly all French peasants were much aggravated by their liability for taxes from which noble landowners might well be immune…’Hibbert, P.30

Causes of Tension prior to 1781

Ideas of ‘the Age of Enlightenment’.

VoltaireCritical of Catholic Church’s power. Rousseau‘Noble Savage’’….’The General Will’….’Social Contract’…… MontesquieuSeparation of powers between Monarch and state DiderotEncyclopedie – direct public opinion on matters of importance in society. Economics, religion, agriculture.

Rousseau Voltaire

Tension: Lack of representative Government

King had 6 ministers in his cabinet.

Venal offices Absolute monarchy

Tension: Disorganised Administration System

39 differing Generalities or provinces for taxation.

13 unequal legal zones

18 different religious administrative zones

Adcock P. 9

Tension: Participation in Wars

War of Polish Succession (1733-1738)

War of Austrian Succession (1740-1748)

Seven Years War (1756-1763)

American War of Independence (1775-1783)

Significant damage to the royal treasury

LaFayette

Tension: Socio- Economic Divide

Massive gulf between rich and poor

Small number of wealthy who owned a lot

Large number of poor who owned little or nothing.

Tension: Financial Crisis

Necker Swiss, Protestant,

not from Noble origin.

‘Compte Rendu au Roi’

Necker

Assembly of Notables – (Aristocratic Revolt)

22 February 1787 144 deputies mostly

aristocratic Calonne unpopular Calonne’s motives

appeared suspicious Necker producing

10m surplus in 1781, Calonne 115m deficit by 1786???

‘He (Calonne) totally miscalculated the forces he had let loose, and how to handle them.’Doyle P.70

Brienne – Second chance at tax reform

July 1787, Brienne modifies Calonne’s tax plan but maintains direct land tax on all.

Bypasses Assembly of Notables and lodges them with the Parlement of Paris 2 July 1787.

‘Without the consent of the people, the Parlement would not consent to registration of the edicts.’ Fenwick and Anderson P.38

Financial Collapse - Bankruptcy

Louis had ‘enough money for the government to function for one afternoon’ (Schama cited in Fenwick and Anderson, P. 41.)

Massive Hailstorm on July 13 1788.

Louis officially calling for the Estates General for 1 May 1789.

Brienne describes Necker as ‘the only man I know who can restore the confidence of the people’. Fenwick and Anderson P.41.

Estates General – Pamphlet War

5 December 1788: King announces doubling of the third estate deputies

Cahiers (grievences)

Abbe Sieyes ‘What is the Third Estate?’.

Usefulness in society had been misunderstood. Third estate seen as nothing, but they should be seen as ‘everything’.

‘What is the Third Estate? Everything

What had it been before in the political order? Nothing

What does it demand? To become something therein.’ Sieyes cited in Fenwick and Anderson P. 44

‘A law not made by the people is no law at all.’ Sieyes cited in Fenwick and Anderson P.45.

Estates General – National Assembly

13 June 1789: 3 members of the clergy join the Third Estate.

17 June 1789 the National Assembly.

Louis in mourning. Death of son.

‘The Dauphin’s funeral was said to have cost 600k livres.’ Fenwick and Anderson P.77

Tennis Court today….

Salle du Jeu de Paume

Rising Tensions in Paris

26 June and 1 July 1789: Troops loyal to Louis enter Paris

10 July: Louis refuses to remove troops from Paris

11 July: Necker is dismissed Sunday 12 July: Paris erupts. Desmoulins call to arms at

the Palais Royal incites looting, protesting, confrontations with army

Desmoulins

‘To arms, to arms and let us take the green cockade, the colour of hope…. Yes it is I who call my brothers to freedom; I would rather die than submit to servitude.’ Desmoulins cited in Schama, Citizens P.382

‘During that single night of largely unobstructed riot and demolition, Paris was lost to the Monarchy.’ Schama, Citizens P. 387

http://francofilesfunfacts.blogspot.com.au/2009/07/camille-desmoulins-incites.htmlAccessed on 01/08/12

The attack on the Bastille (Popular Revolt)

Built on Eastern side of Paris to defend it from the English in the 14th century.

Gun powder Symbol of Royal

despotism and tyranny.

Fall out spreads to Provinces and Country side… (Peasant Revolt)

Fear of Brigands, foreign armies, King’s militia, were roaming the rural areas of France for retribution.

http://www.dipity.com/amaraxmarie/French_Revolution/Date accessed: 01/08/12

4 August 1789: The Night of Patriotic Delirium

News of disturbances delayed in reaching the Assembly.

Progressive members suggested forfeiting their feudal dues to quell uprisings.

‘a moment of patriotic drunkenness.’Schama cited in Fenwick and Anderson P.88

http://www.unet.univie.ac.at/~a0100238/warum.htmAccessed on 01/08/12

The Revolutions ExamArea of Study One

Area of Study Two

Section AChoose one Revolution

• Question 1 & 2

• Extended response questions

• 20 Marks (2x10)

• Question 3 a,b,c&d

• Analysis task• Image or

Document• 20 marks

(2,2,6&10)

Section BChoose the other Revolution

• Question 1 a,b,c&d

• Analysis task• Image or

Document• 20 marks

(2,2,6&10)

• Question 2• Essay• 20 marks

The Revolutions Exam

General information: Question Booklet and Answer Booklet

separate. Use Blue or Black pen 15 minutes reading time 2 Hours writing time You choose to write for which Revolution for

which section. Ensure this is clearly marked. All four Revolutions will be in your question

booklet. Date: Monday November 10, 3pm. Be early!

Exam – Section A

Question 1 & 2 (2 x 10 marks each) Extended Response on AOS 1 Sample Question: 2011 VCAA exam

‘Using three or four points, explain how by 20 June 1789 the frustration and anger of the Third Estate deputies contributed to a revolutionary situation in France in 1789.’

Question 1&2 Introductory statement outlining your contention:The frustration and anger of the Third Estate deputies at the Estates General contributed significantly to the development of a revolutionary situation in France in 1789.

3-4 paragraphs of detail that support your contention:

- Unfair voting system at the Estates General- Third Estate deputies wore different clothing and met in separate meeting

hall.- Locked out of meeting hall on June 20

Concluding sentence that relates to the question. Response should have highly detailed levels of information. Dates, names,

places, events. Should sign post; ie. Firstly, secondly, thirdly etc. Should include 2-3 small quotes. Word range: 200-300 words

Question 3

Analysis task on AOS 2 Image or extract 2 comprehension questions; a) and b)

worth 2 marks each 2 extended responses; c) worth 6 marksd) Worth 10 marks and requires the use of Historians views to support your response. Total 20 marks

Question 3

Sample Question Louis XVI, Kingof France, the Peopleat the Tuileries,20th June 1792. 2011 VCAA exam

Question 3 a) and b)

a)Identify two social classes depicted in the representation. 2 Marks

b)Identify two ways the artist has suggested the Revolution was not peaceful in 1792. 2 Marks.

Respond directly from image/extract. Do not elaborate Simple responses. Only provide 2 if you are asked for 2.

Question 3 c) By referring to parts of the representation, and using your own

knowledge, explain the tensions that contributed to the revolutionary actions by 1792.

Write a small plan. Introductory statement that addresses the question. 3 main points of information that form the basis of your paragraphs. Ie.

- Pressure of international war with Austria and Prussia - Louis XVI flight to Varennes and veto in the first constitution - Growing power of the San Cullotes and the Revolutionary Commune through June and August 1792

Paragraphs should follow the TEEL process. Small concluding sentence that refers to question. Lots of detail (dates, names, places, events) Minimum 2-3 quotes supporting the information you are writing. One reference to the extract or image. Word length range: 200-300 words approximately.

Question 3 d) Evaluate to what extent the representation is a reliable depiction of the way

the new society was created.In your response, refer to different parts of the representation and to other views of the Revolution.

Make a plan Introductory statement that addresses the question and states your

contention ie. Is the image useful or not useful in understanding the tensions and conflicts.

3-4 main points of information that form the basis of your paragraphs. Paragraphs should follow the TEEL process. Small concluding sentence that refers to question. Lots of detail (dates, names, places, events) Minimum 2-3 quotes supporting the information you are writing. One reference to the extract or image. 3 references to Historian’s views or quotes from historians. Blended in

throughout your response. Word length range: 300-400 words approximately.

Question 3 d) – suggested answers

Intro statement outlining contention The representation of Louis with the invaders of the Tuileries on 20 June 1792 is

an unreliable depiction of how the new society was created.

3-4 Paragraphs supporting and/or opposing contention.- No mention of reorganisation of society; removal of taxes, separation of church and state. Revisionist perspective. From ‘below’.- No mention of International War. Doyle; Revolution was caused by financial

problems.- No mention of the divisions of political parties. Furet’s changing political ideas.- Does mention Louis Veto/Use of violence or fear; Schama use of Violence.

Concluding sentence that relates to question and contention.

Must use high levels of detail 2-3 quotes throughout response One reference to the extract or image. 3 references to Historian’s views or quotes from historians. Word length range: 600-700 words approximately.

Bibliography Texts: Adcock, Michael; Analysing the French

Revolution, 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press, Port Melbourne, 2009.

Doyle, William. The Oxford History of the French Revolution. 2nd Edition. Oxford University Press, New York, 2002.

Fenwick, Jill and Anderson, Judy; Liberating France. HTAV, Melbourne, 2010.

Hibbert, Christopher. The French Revolution. Penguin Books, London, 1980.

McPhee, Peter. The French Revolution; 1789-1799. Oxford University Press, New York, 2002.

Schama, Simon. Citizens; A Chronicle of the French Revolution. Penguin Books, London, 2004.

Images: Photos are authors own. Images have been sourced from

Wikimedia Commonshttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_PageAll other images have been referenced in the presentation.

These materials are to be used for the purpose of individual study only. Some materials may be subject to copyright under the Copyright Act 1968. All reasonable attempts have been made to trace copyright holders for permission to use materials but the presenter invites anyone who believes they have copyright over items to contact him if they have any concerns.

Thanks for listening….

Good Luck!!!

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