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CellsCentral Dogma

EnzymesScientific MethodEnergy

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Structure

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If a cell contains a nucleus, it must be a(n)

a. Plant

c. prokaryote

b. animal

d. eukaryote

Cell Structure

Cell Structure

Both plants and animals have a

nucleus and other membrane

bound organelles.

Which of the following do not have

cell walls?

Cell Structure

b. plants

d. all prokaryotesc. all eukaryotes

a. animals

Cell wall is not the same and plasma membrane. The cell wall helps

provide structure for a cell. Plants and Prokaryotes have a cell wall.

Cell Structure

Where does cellular respiration occur?

a. chloroplast

c. cytoplasm d. nucleus

b. mitochondria

Cell Structure

The mitochondrion is the powerhouse of the cell. Both Plants and Animals have mitochondria.

Cell Structure

What is the purpose of ribosomes?

a. To make DNA

c. To transport materials throughout the cell

b. To package materials

d. To make proteinsCell Structure

Ribosomes make proteins by arranging amino acids according to instructions from RNA – location of translation. Ribosomes are found in all cells.

Cell Structure

What is the function of organelle N?

Cell Structure

b. Make proteins (cell’s work-force)

a. Make ATP (a cell’s energy source)

d. Make DNA (cell’s blueprints)

c. Make glucose (a cell’s food)

Cell Structure

Plants can do photosynthesis because chlorophyll can absorb

the sun’s energy.

What is ultimately produced at the end of the processes of the

central dogma?

Central Dogma

c. DNA

d. RNAamino acid

a. protein

DNA RNA Protein

Central Dogma

What is produced in transcription?

Central Dogma

a. 2 identical DNA molecules

b. tRNA

c. protein

d. Complementary mRNA

Central Dogma

Transcription makes mRNA which gets decoded in translation to make proteins.

Central Dogma

a. cysteine

c. lysine

d. glycine

b. valine

What amino acid is

produced from the mRNA

codon: GUC?

Codons represent amino acids

Central Dogma

What does a mutation cause?

Central Dogma

a. Disease

b. Inability to make the right protein

d. superpowers

c. Change in DNA sequence

Only mutations that change the amino acid sequence cause disease.

Central Dogma

Determine the DNA sequence that codes for this polypeptide

sequence: tyr pro

Central Dogma

a. UAU CCU

b. No answer given

c. TAT CCU

b. ATA GGG

You work backwards: protein mRNA DNA

Central Dogma

What is the shape of DNA?

Structure

c. Alpha helix

d. helix

b. Three stranded helix

a. Double helix

DNA looks like a twisted ladder.

Structure

What is the complementary sequence for the DNA strand?

ATCGGC

Structure

c. AUCGGC

b. UAGCCG

a. CGGCTA

d. TAGCCG

The two strands of DNA are

complementary: They match up.

Structure

What are the basic building blocks of proteins?

a. nucleotides

d. Nitrogenous bases

b. tRNA

c. Amino acids

Structure

Amino acids are the repeating units in protein polymers.

Structure

What is in RNA and not in DNA?

structure

a. sugar

c. Phosphate group

b. nucleotide

d. uracil

Both DNA and RNA have 4 bases, but U replaces T in RNA.

Structure

How does ATP store energy?

a. When a phosphate is added

c. When enzymes move ATP across a cell

b. When amino acids connect

d. When the bond between two phosphate groups get broken

Structure

ATP becomes ADP and releases energy

Structure

Enzymes are _____ that speed up chemical reactions.

a. nucleotides

c. Nucleic acids

b. Energy molecules

d. proteins

Enzymes

Enzymes are proteins that catalyze or speed up reactions.

Enzymes

What causes an enzyme to get denatured?

Enzyme

b. mutation

c. genetics

d. disease

a. Extreme temperature and pH

Enzyme

Denaturing changes the shape of an enzyme

What would happen to the reactions of life if enzymes

weren’t there?

Enzyme

a. They would not occur.

b. They would make the wrong material.

d. They would occur too fast to get nutrients.

c. They would occur too slowly to sustain life

Enzyme

Enzymes lower the activation energy to speed up reactions.

 Based on the graph, which of the following could be used to increase the reaction rate beyond point C?

Enzyme

a. decrease enzyme concentration

b. increase the amount of substrate

c. add more water

d. increase the amount of substrate

Enzyme

Increasing the temperature will increase the rate of reaction.

When will both enzymes be active?

Enzyme

a. 80 oC

b. always d. never

d. 45 oC

Enzyme

Optimal is at max. When one enzyme is at its max, the other is

inactive.

What is the independent

variable in the data table?

b. Number of Tadpoles

c. Amount of water

a. There is no independent variable

d. pH Scientific Method

The independent variable is what you change. It is also called the

manipulated variable.

Scientific Method

What can you conclude from the graphs?

Scientific Method

b. Enzyme activity does not change as you change

temperature and pH

a. Enzyme activity

increases when you

increase the temperature

and pH

c. Enzymes work best at a

specific temperature

and pH

Temperature, pH and concentration affect enzyme

activity.

Scientific Method

What is a possible hypothesis for

experiment summarized in the

graph?

Scientific Methodd. A plant will grow best with lots of water

c. Heat is damaging to plants

b. Plants need sunlight for photosynthesis.

a. Increasing sunlight increases plant growth.

Sunlight is on the x-axis so it is the independent variable.

Scientific Method

Identify the variables:

Scientific Method

c. Control: 50 workersIV: stapleDV: juice

a. Control: juiceIV: stacks DV: productivity

b. Control: Group BIV: volume of special juiceDV: number of stacks

Control is a comparison.

Independent is what changes

Dependent is what you look for.

Scientific Method

In the experiment, what type of variable is the amount

of light?

a. Independent variable

b. Dependent variable d. Constant

c. Control

Scientific Method

Constant and Control are not the same.

Constants are things kept the same for each condition.

Controls are comparisons.

Scientific Method

Energy

____ is the molecule that stores energy for easy use

within the cell.a. ADP

d. RNA

b. glucose

c. ATP

Energy

ATP is stored ENERGY

Which direction does energy flow?

Energy

a. Tree to deer to cougar

b. Sun to bear to cougar

c. Bird to skunk to insects

d. Rodent to bird to bear

Arrows show the flow of

energy, food and nutrients

from autotrophs to heterotrophs.

Energy

Which of the following equations best represents

photosynthesis?a. 6C + 6H2O C6H12O6

c. C + O2 + H2O CO2 + HOH

d. C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O

b. 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

Energy

6 carbon dioxide + 6 water = 1 glucose + 6 oxygen

6 CO2 + 6 H20 = C6H12O6 + 6 O2

Energy

In which container is photosynthesis not occurring?

a. 1 b. 2 d. 4c. 3

Container Plant Plant Part

Light Color

Temp (C)

Increase in O2

1 Geranium leaf red 22 120

2 Geranium leaf green 22 15

3 Geranium root red 22 0

4 Violet leaf red 22 80

Energy

The table had a lot of extra information. There were two main ways to find the

answer: no oxygen was made, sunlight can not

reach roots.

Energy

How are the chemical reactions of photosynthesis and cellular

respiration related?a. Photosynthesis occurs in plants and cellular respiration occurs in animals.

d. There is no relationship.

b. Photosynthesis makes more ATP.

c. Photsynthesis is basically the reverse of cellular respiration.

Energy

Photosynthesis makes glucose that is needed in cellular

respiration

Energy

Nile Blue stain a nucleus but prokaryotes don’ t have one.

Hodge Podge

Dye Testacridine orange stains DNA and RNAosmium tetrozxide stains lipidsEosin stains cell cytoplasmNile Blue stains cell nuclei

How much will you wager?