Are We Ready to Scale-out Climate-Smart Agriculture in South Asia?
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Transcript of Are We Ready to Scale-out Climate-Smart Agriculture in South Asia?
Are We Ready to Scale-out Climate-Smart Agriculture in South Asia?
P.K. Aggarwal1, A. Khatri-Chhetri1, P. B. Shirsath1, M.L. Jat2, P.T. Thornton1, A. Jarvis1
1CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)
2International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)
South Asia: Home for 40% of World’s Poor
Source: World Bank, 2015
• > 1.6 billion people, 2.4% of the world’s land area and 17% of world’s population
• Still has high growth rate of population
• Tremendous progress in last 4 decades
Food consumption increased from 1900 kcals to > 2500 kcals
Average GDP growth >6%
Little food imports now
• Yet, 1/4th of the world’s hungry; 40% of the world’s malnourished children and women
• Lagging in MDGs
• Agriculture important for livelihood security of > 50% population
• Projected to be very vulnerable to climatic risks
Source: Maplecroft, 2010
Drought: 70% land
Floods: 12% land
Cyclones: 8% land
Frost: Northern regions
Heat: Frequent at many places
Coastal salinity ingression
One of the most vulnerable regions to climate change
Food security and poverty are the key issues
Climatic Stresses are Common in South AsiaHigh CV of rainfall in Pakistan; northwest and south India
Climate Change and Agriculture South Asia is a major hotspot
• Climate change likely to reduce agricultural production by 10-
50% by 2050 and beyond, if we do not start adapting now.
• Increased production variability due to more frequent droughts,
floods, and heat events
• Large implications for intra- and inter-national trade.
• Increasing demand for (quality) food
• Increasing competition for resources
• Increasing degradation of resources
• Increasing climatic risks
• Increasing variability of global supplies, and prices
Adapting South Asian Agriculture to Climate Change and Declining Resources: Need for CSA
Adapting South Asian Agriculture to Climate Change: Key Action Points
• Providing value-added weather services: Weather infrastructure; data protocols, storage, access and dissemination
• Promoting insurance for climatic risk management: scientific and economically validated schemes; weather derivatives; awareness
• Facilitating community partnership in food, forage and seed banks: Technical know-how; capital costs; increased acceptance if successive years are more risky
• Improved targeting of technologies and policies: Improved agronomic practices, climate-smart technologies; gender friendliness
• Identify and exploit potential benefits of climate change: Change in temp zone, increase in rainfall, short duration crops etc.
• Maximize synergies among interventions: Adaptation with mitigation co-benefits, higher yield with improvement in soil, resilience
Climate-Smart Village Programme Participatory approach of promoting CSA
Strategy• Integrated farmer participatory
approach
• Builds on local knowledge and plans
• Precision agronomy principles-sensors
• Use of modern ICT tools
• Capacity strengthening and technology targeting
For more details visit www.ccafs.org
Typical Partners of CSVs
• Farmer groups
• Buyers
• Input suppliers
• Rural ICT company
• Insurance company
• Meteorological agency
• Local governments, CBOs, NGOs
• Researchers (NARS, Universities,
CGIAR)
CSAPs Portfolios in CSVs: Some Evidences From Field ScaleTechnology Yield
gain/loss
(kg/ha)
Economic
gains/loss
(USD NR/ha)
Water saving
(M3/ha)- for
water smart
practice
Energy
Saving
(MJ/ha)
Increase in
NUE (as
kg/kg)
Reduction in
GHG (CO2-e
kg/ha)
Zero tillage in
wheat (without
residue)
342 131 414 3040 1.44 1507 (from
LCA)
Zero tillage with
residue in wheat
468 190 550 2650 1.61 ?
Permanent beds
in maize/wheat
195 289 1650 ? 1.33 ?
Direct seeded
rice
+150 136 3000 ? - 420 (based
on soil flux
only)
Improved water
management
375 97.51 405 ? 1.40 -
Nutrient Expert in
wheat
500 104 - ? 10 200
Laser leveling
(RW system)
600 130 2500 ? ? 330
Source: Jat et al (2014)
Initial Achievements 1. Evidences of CSVs: Impact on yield, income, inputs use and GHG
emissions. Source: Jat et al. 2014, Aryal et al. 2015, Sapkota etal. 2014, Aryal et al. 2014 Khatri-Chhetri et al, 2015 (accepted),Sapkota et al 2015 (accepted)
2. Development of partnership: Strengthening collaborationamong researchers, local government and farmers organizationsfor participatory evaluation of diverse CSA technologies infarmers’ fields.
3. Investment and scaling out/up: International organizations,national and state governments have shown keen interest toinvest and scale out CSV approach in various locations, Example:India (Maharashtra, Haryana), Nepal (IFC, CDKN) and Bhutan.
4. Development of portfolio of interventions in the CSVs:integration of seed, water, nutrient, energy, insurance and ICT
Challenges for Scaling out CSA through CSV
1. Financial: Investment in CSA interventions by smallholders
2. Policy: Integration of CSA/CSV into current policies andschemes relating to agricultural development and climatechange
3. Social: Inclusion of marginalized and socially disadvantagegroups
Are We Ready………..?
1. National and state governments have shown keen interest toinvest and scale out CSA/CSV appraoch
2. High potential of converging policies/programs aroundclimate change adaptation in agriculture
3. More evidence needed for synergies in different agro-ecological enviornments
4. While business models for some interventions such as ICTexisit, they need to evolve for CSVs