Are emotions universal or contingent?. 2 Como vai? How are your? Comment allez-vous ?
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Transcript of Are emotions universal or contingent?. 2 Como vai? How are your? Comment allez-vous ?
Are emotions universal or contingent?
2
Como vai?How are your?Comment allez-vous ?
3
Are there cultural differences on the MSCEIT scores across French (individualists) and Pakistani (collectivists)?Study conducted by Karim Jahanvasch (2009)
1. Cultural differences: Gert Hofstede
2. Emotions
3. The MSCEIT Test
4. Results of the research
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Culture's Consequences, Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations.Geert Hofstede, 2001
Collectivism vs. Individualism
Small vs. Large Power Distance
Weak vs. Strong Uncertainty Avoidance
Femininity vs. Masculinity
Long term orientation vs Short
Intercultural Differences
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BrazilVs
France
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BrazilVs
Denmark
Emotions are our feelings. Literally.• We feel them in our bodies as tingles, hot spots
and muscular tension. Our muscles tense or relax. Our blood vessels dilate or contract. When we feel emotionally, we also feel physically.
• Our emotions can thus make us feel uncomfortable or comfortable, sending us signals to do something urgently or to stay in our comfortable state.
Emotions
• Emotions of wanting: greed, hope, envy, desire, love
• Emotions of not wanting: fear, shame, repulsion, contentment
• Emotions of having: happiness, pride, guilt, jealousy
• Emotions of not having: anger, sadness, distress • Other emotions: surprise
Emotions
• Our emotions are perhaps the greatest potential source of uniting all members of the human species.
• Emotions, on the one hand, are universal• But, on the other hand, their EXPRESSION
is cultural
Beliefs divide us.
Emotions unite us
Emotions
• Emotions are our most reliable indicators of how things are going on in our lives
• We cannot change our emotions. We cannot control them.
• But we can manage them.
• Manage your emotions, or your emotions will manage you.
Emotions
In any interpersonal relationship emotions and feelings do play a big role.
Often we are not very conscious of these feelings and in intercultural encounters interpreting different feelings and emotions becomes even more challenging.
We need to develop our
Emotional Intelligence (EI)
Emotions
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Peter Salovey
Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test
David R. CarusoJohn (Jack) D. Mayer
MSCEIT
• Perceiving Emotions - the ability to recognize how you and those around you are feeling
• Using Emotions - the ability to generate emotion, and then use this emotion in tasks (creativity, conflicts…)
• Understanding Emotions - the ability to understand complex emotions and emotional "chains", how emotions transition from one stage to another
• Managing Emotions - the ability which allows you to manage emotions in your self and in others, to develop interlligent strategies to achieve outcomes..
MSCEIT
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Measure of one’s emotional ability = one’s capacity to reason with emotional content and to use the emotional content to enhance thought.
MSCEIT
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Factors 1 - Perceiving emotions
Accurately identify emotions in people and objects
Faces : identify subtle emotions in faces
Pictures : identify emotions in complex landscapes and designs
MSCEIT
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Factors 2 - Using emotions
Generate an emotion and solve problems with that emotion
Facilitation : knowledge of how moods impact thinking
Sensations : relate various feeling sensations to emotions
MSCEIT
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Factors 3 - Understanding emotions
Understanding the cause of emotions
Changes : Multiple choice questions about how emotions changes over time
Blends : multiple choice emotion vocabulary definitions
MSCEIT
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Factors 4 - Managing emotions
Stay open to emotions and blend with thinking
Emotion Management: indicate effectivness of various solutions to internal problems
Emotional Relations: indicate effectivness of various solutions to problems involving other poeple
MSCEIT
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Hierarchy from more basic to more psychologically complex
1. Perceiving emotions
2. Using emotions
3. Understanding emotions
4. Managing emotions
Experiential EI
Strategic EI
Factors
MSCEIT
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Study conducted by Karim Jahanvasch (2009)
Emotions at an international level: comparison of MSCEIT results in France and Pakistan
Study
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Are there cultural differences on the MSCEIT scores across individualistic and collectivistic cultures?
- Individualism-collectivism is a major dimension of cultural variable (Hofstede, 1980)
- This dimension of culture exists across a wide range of emotion-related abilities that essentially comprise the construct of emotional ability (Matsumoto, 1992; Fernandez et al. 2000; Gross et al. 2003).
- Based on this literature, people from individualistic cultures are better in recognizing, understanding, expressing, and regulating their emotions.
Study
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Individualistic country: France (ranks 71)
Sample: 111 students of the University in Aix-en-Provence
(62 females)
Collectivistic country: Pakistan (ranks 14)
Sample: 81 students of the University in Balochistan
(29 females)
Both samples
- Students from management schools- Average age = 29,5 (SD 8,5)- Good command of English
Study
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Results of the studyThere are several significant crosscultural differences:– Factorial invariance of MSCEIT accross cultures => MSCEIT
across both cultures can be interpreted in the same way (emotional factors are universal, it is their manifestation that differs across cultures)
– French (individualistic culture) performed better that their Pakistani (collectivistic culture) counterparts in the four dimensions of the emotional ability measured by MSCEIT
– Independent sample t tests on MSCEIT dimensions : perceiving emotions (t=2,39, p<0,05, Cohen’s d=0,35) using emotions (t=2,06, p<0,05, Cohen’s d=0,30), understanding emotions (t=6,24, p<0,001, Cohen’s d=0,92), and managing emotions (t=5,05, p<0,001, Cohen’s d=0,75)
Study
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Limitations of the study
Sample limitations: – The sample at a single university may not reflect the culture of
a heterogeneous nation– Students may experience different levels of emotional ability
from a general working adult population (Day et al. 2005).
Study
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