Building Utilities 1 Plumbing and Sanitary SystemsTaken from UST Architecture exams by Arch. Rafael AlliRecommended review material for UST Preboard ExamPrepared by: arkireviewph.multiply.com

Types of Plumbing Piping MaterialsCast iron pipeGalvanized iron/steel pipePlastic pipeBrass pipeCopper tubeLead pipeAsbestos cement pipeGlass pipe magnesium pipeAluminum pipe

Types of Flexible Plastic PipesPolyethylenePolybutylene

Types of Rigid Plastic PipesPolyvinylchlorideChlorinated polyvinylPolypropyleneAcrilonitryle butadiene styrene

Types of Galvanized Steel PipesWelded pipeSeamless pipe

Varieties of Cast Iron PipeStandard pipeSingle hub pipeDouble hub pipeHubless pipe

Locations of CleanoutChange in directionHighest horizontal distanceInside the building near the connection between the building drain and building sewer Outside the building at the lower end of the building drain and extended to gradeHorizontal drain serving sinks and urinalsEach run of piping more than 15m./50 ft. (8 possible locations accdg to exam - havent found other answers)

Locations of Floor DrainShowerBathroom floorGarageNear water closetLaundry areaNear urinalKitchen?

Causes of Trap Seal Loss siphonage back pressure evaporation capillary attraction wind effects

Types of ValvesGate valveCheck valveGlobe valveAngle valveButterfly valveFoot ValveSafety valve

Types of TrapsP-trapS-trap3/4 s-trapGrease trapBag trapCrown trapBell trap

Types of Ventilation SystemsUnit ventCircuit ventYoke ventLoop ventRelief ventBack ventBlind ventBranch vent

Polyvinyl chlorideA strong, rigid and economical plastic pipe. It resists a wide range of acids and bases but may be damaged by some solvents and chlorinated carbons.

Glass pipeA type of pipe manufactured from low expansion borosilicate having low alkali content; primarily used for the drainage of various corrosive liquids. It is very brittle and should be used when some measure of protection is provided against damage.

Check valveA valve that permits the flow of liquid in a pipe in one direction only and closes automatically to prevent backflow.

Floor drainA fixture providing an opening in the floor to drain water into the plumbing system.

cleanoutA pipe fitting with a removable plug which provides for inspection or cleaning of the pipe run; also called an access eye or cleaning eye.

Circuit ventA branch vent which serves two or more traps and extends from infront of the last fixture connection of a horizontal branch to the stack.

Vent pipeA pipe attached to drainage pipes near one or more traps which leads to outside air.

Wye fittingA fitting used to connect a branch pipe into a straight run of piping at 45 degrees.

trapA fitting or device so constructed as to prevent the passage of foul air, gases and some vermin without affecting the flow of sewage inside the pipe.

Seal MeasurementThe vertical distance between the top dip and crown weir of a pipe.

Seepage pit / cesspoolA lined and covered excavation in the ground which receives the discharge of domestic sewage or other organic wastes from a drainage system.

Septic tankA watertight receptacle which receives the discharge of a plumbing system or part thereof and is designed and constructed so as to separate solids from liquid, digest the organic matter through a period of detention and allow the effluent to discharge into a drainage system.

Back ventAlso called an individual vent

Blind ventA vent which terminates on the upper side of the fixture and does not connect to the main vent system. This is sometimes done with the intent of cheating.

Globe ValveA valve in which the flow of fluid is controlled by a rotating drilled ball that fits tightly against a resilient seat in the body.

Loop VentA type of ventilation system used on fixtures in a room away from partitions.

Air GapThe unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the outlet of a waste pipe and the flood level rim of the fixture or receptacle into which it is draining.

TrapA device or fitting which provides when properly vented, a liquid seal to prevent the emission of sewer gases without materially affecting the flow of sewage or waste water through it.

Horizontal PipeAny pipe or fitting which makes an angle of less than 45degrees with the horizontal.

Half BathA bathroom containing a water closet and a lavatory.

Roughing-inThe installation of all parts of the plumbing system which can be completed prior to the installation of fixtures.

Floor Mounted FixtureRefers to a plumbing fixture that rests on the floor.

FlushometerA device which discharges a predetermined quantity of water to fixtures for flushing purposes.

Full BathA bathroom containing a water closet, a lavatory and a bathtub.

Hose bibbA faucet to which a hose may be attached.

Area DrainA receptacle for wastes which are ultimately discharged into the sanitary drainage system.

RiserA water supply pipe that extends one full storey or more to convey water to fixture branches or to a group of fixtures.

Soil StackA vertical line of piping that extends one or more floors and receives the discharge of water closets, urinals and similar fixtures.

Vent PipeThe pipe installed to ventilate a building drainage system and to prevent trap siphonage. (siphonage also syphonage - 2 accepted spellings)

Stack VentA vent which also serves as a drain.The extension of a soil or waste stack above the highest horizontal drain connection to the stack.

Building Supply PipeThe pipe from the water main or other source of water supply to the water distributing system of the building.

Vent StackA vertical pipe installed in order to provide circulation of air to and from the drainage system.

Drain PipeA pipe that only conveys liquid waste, free from fecal matter.

Siphonage/SyphonageA suction created by the flow of liquid in pipes.

StackA general term for any vertical line of soil, waste and vent pipe extending through one or more storeys.

BackflowThe flow of water in pipes in a reverse direction from the which is normally intended.

Battery of fixturesAny group of two or more similar adjacent fixtures which discharge into a common horizontal waste or soil branch.

BranchAny part of the piping system other than the main riser or stack.

Clean-outA fitting with a removable plate or plug that is placed in plumbing drainage pipe lines in to afford access to the pipes for the purpose of cleaning their interior.

Developed LengthThe length of pipe measured along the center line of the pipe and fittings.

Crown WeirThe highest part of the inside portion of the bottom surface at the crown of a trap.

Fixture DrainThe drain from the trap of a fixture to the junction of that drain with any other drain pipe.

Durhams SystemA term sometimes used to describe a soil or waste pipe system which is constructed of threaded pipe, tubing or other rigid construction, using recessed drainage fittings.

InvertThe lowest portion of the inside surface of any horizontal pipe.

Indirect Waste PipeA waste pipe that does not connect directly with the drainage system but conveys liquid waste by discharging into a plumbing fixture or receptacle.

SewerAn artificial conduit, usually underground, for carrying off waste water and refuse.

AlkalinityCased by bicarbonates, carbonates or hydroxide components

E.ColiBacteria in water

FoamabilityCaused by detergent

FlocculationCoagulation, aluminum is added

Ferrous BicarbonateIron in water

HardnessCaused by calcium and magnesium deposits

ZeoliteWater softening

Black WaterWater plus human waste from toilets and urinals

Grey WaterWaste water from laundry area, lavatory, sink, shower and bathtub.

Color/ DiscolorationCaused by iron and manganese

FiltrationMode of turbidity correction

Hydro-pneumatic SystemIndirect water distribution system

50-75 gpd Water supply requirement for single family

4 WSFU value for bathtub, public use

3/8Minimum fixture supply size for lavatory

Synonymous termsToilet - water closetIndividual vent - back ventBuilding sewer - Building drain - Clean-out - P-trap - Floor set - floor mountedGate Valve - full way valveHub - bell Lavatory - wash basinVent stack - main ventCommon vent - unit ventSoil or waste vent - Slop sink - service sink?Flocculation - coagulation

Done! :) Source: preliminary and final examinations 2002For additional review materials or contributions go to: www.arkireviewph.multiply.comGood luck!