Architectural Design Wall Construction Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights...

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Architectural

Design

Wall Construction

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

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• Copyright © Notice The materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of the Texas Education Agency (TEA) and may not be reproduced without the express written permission of TEA, except under the following conditions:

1. Texas public school districts, charter schools, and Education Service Centers may reproduce and use copies of the Materials and Related Materials for the districts’ and schools’ educational use without obtaining permission from TEA.

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• For information contact: Office of Copyrights, Trademarks, License Agreements, and Royalties, Texas Education Agency, 1701 N. Congress Ave., Austin, TX 78701-1494; phone 512-463-9270 or 512-463-9713; email: [email protected] © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

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Walls

One of the most basic building elements of a house is the wall.

The wall is the main structural element that holds up, protects, and identifies the house.

A wall is part of the “skeleton” of a house.


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Tradit

ional

Const

ruct

ion

The building of a wall structure goes back in time, but we will focus on the most current and typical method for wall construction.

Using lumber framing members for our construction materials, let’s look at the inside of a wall.


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Wall

Term

inolo

gy

The terms discussed are some of the common terms used in construction.

There are many other terms, nicknames, and designations given to construction materials.

Some of the terms may come from a specific manufacturer or region.


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Wall

Term

inolo

gy

The basic framing member of a wall is the stud.

This usually is a 2 x 4 - a 2” x 4” piece of precut and usually pretreated wood

Even though it is designated as a 2 x 4, this is just the nominal size. The actual size is 1-1/2” x 3-1/2”.


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Wall

Stu

ds

Studs are used in many ways for framing a house.

The most common is the main vertical member for just a common wall, but we also have King and Jack studs.


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Kin

g a

nd Jack

Stu

ds

King studs are used at an opening in the wall, such as a door or window opening.

Jack studs are used in conjunction with a King stud to help support the header at an opening in the wall.

These are also known as a Trimmer stud.


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Tope a

nd S

ole

Pla

tes

The Top Plate and Sole Plate create the enclosing parts of a wall.


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Tope a

nd S

ole

Pla

tes,

Conti

nued

The top plate will “cap” off the wall. It will act as a support and member for placing ceiling joists or roof rafters. This is usually a double 2x4 framing member.

The sole plate is used as a base and layout template for the wall. It will also act as an anchor to the foundation.


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Cri

pple

, H

eader,

and

Sill

Some other important members are the Cripple, Header ,and Sill.


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Cri

pple

, H

eader,

and

Sill

, C

onti

nued

A cripple is studs that are not full length due to an opening in a wall.

A header is a horizontal beam placed over an opening onto studs for support.

A sill is a horizontal framing member used under an opening such as a window.


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Dim

ensi

ons

Dimensions are sizes and measurements.


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Dim

ensi

ons

and O

.C.

Dimensions give the exact sizes or measurements for certain elements of construction.

The dimensions usually follow a certain format throughout the whole project. They can be given in feet, metric, or other units of measure.

O.C. is an abbreviation for On Center - this means that you measure from the center of one stud to the center of the next stud.


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Work

Tim

e!

Let’s apply your new knowledge and work on your own wall.


Architectural Design Wall Construction Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights...

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