AR. KENZO TANGE

BIRTH & STUDY

Born on 4th November, 1913 at Osaka, Japan Did his junior high school in Imbart, Ehime,

Perfecture 1938, join university of Tokyo, Deptt. of

Architecture 1942, studied city planning 1959, did his doctorate on spatial structure

JOBS

1938-1941 worked under Kunio Maekawa.

19630-1974 served as Professor of urban engineering at Tokyo.

Also join as guest Professor at Massachusetts institute of technology.

1946 became assistant Professor at university ,Tokyo.

ESTABLISHMENTS

After wining competition for Hiroshima peace center he established his private practice.

1946 established Tanges lab. 1961 founded Urtec (a team of architects

& urbaniser)

Tradition of JAPAN……………

Japanese Architecture had developed into pure efficiency of use and material

Structure is a post and beam grid allowing building to be flexible and better withstand strong and mild earth quakes

Space inside or traditional structure is multifunctional All the elements inside the building must be movable,

small and light. Walls are also moveable to increase multifunctional

ability of space.

Tradition of Japan Cont…

Tradition of JAPAN……………

Exterior walls are also moveable allowing possibility to completely open interior space to outside.

ENGAWA :- It is porch like space which is threshold of space creating transition from interior to exterior.

•Engawa has several screens which may be raised or lowered from ceiling to protect interior from the harsh elements.

•Proportions are accordingly KEN scale.

Tradition of Japan Cont…

Tradition of Japan…………..

TATAMI MATS – Are used for floor covering. These are sturdy enough to

walk to sit and to sleep. It is in proportion to human

scale that is roughly 3 ft. x 6 ft. Rooms arrangement is

according to these mats.

Traditional Japanese Architecture is based on nature’s philosophy.

Towards his Philosophy

After World War- II Japan’s city were badly damaged with exception of Kyoto.

Demand of the people for the immediate urban solution Japan’s rebirth as a democratic society provide architects a great opportunity.

As a new spirit of generation Le Corbusier design of national museum of western art(1955) represented a fundamentally western aesthetic vision.

Reacting against this hurried westernization new generation young architects, Kenzo Tange look more sympathetically towards aspect of Japan’s own architecture culture inspite of that westernization.

Philosophy

Greatly influenced by Japan’s traditional architecture.

Concept of ISE Shrine Concept from multi story temples. Multi functioning

Philosophy

Believed in fusion of traditional and modern architecture after 1960’s

Took inspiration from the nature(Tree) His philosophy includes city should be able to born, grow,

decay and die. Justification of function Justification of design Fundamentally rational and functional Appealing to emotions and senses Need of symbolism

Philosophy

Structural approach Distinguish soft and hard environment Le Corbusier five main points are also

included in Tange’s philosophy Pilotis Ribbon Glazing Open plant Free façade Roof garden

Architects

Idea

Tradition

Act as a catalystBuilding Form

Buildings – Olympic Stadium

Location - Tokyo, Japan

Time - 1961-1964

Type - Sports Stadium

Climate - Temperate

Style - Modern

Construction - Concrete, Steel Cable

System

Philosophy– Olympic Stadium

Concept of Suspension bridges Achieved this by channeling of tensions of

the main span over the towers to the side spans.

Concept – Olympic Stadium

He clarified his notion of typification of function.

About the Project

This project took badly dramatic forms Main two stadiums are there and linkage

is through the immense raked promenade. Both the buildings develop from the circle

and ellipse in plan and section

Area Statement

Site - 34.204 hectare. Floor Area - 910 sq. meter.

Major StadiumFloors - 2 above ground,

2 basementMaximum Height - 40.37 meter.

Minor StadiumFloors - 1 above ground,

2 basementMaximum Height - 40.29 meter.

Major Stadium

Plan is in the form of two semicircles Main principle is of suspension bridges Entrance is from concave side Roof is supported of two super pylons Main criteria behind curved roof is to

resist wind(Hurricane Force)

Structure of Major Stadium

Structure is carried by two main cables which span 126 meter. Between two main super pylons.

Cables are laid parallel to the side span and spaced apart at an interval of 2.58 meter. But internally widens up two 16.8 meter. For central span top provide space for sky light

Steel cable- 13” in size Stiffening truss is used fairly to avoid displacement of

suspension cable caused by lateral winds.

Structure of Major Stadium

In parallel cable braces are there to obtain stability Steel plates are solded on the super pylon for this

fixing details of steel cables. Outer covering material is of aluminum decking

Construction

Two main super pylons were build first Rope extended beyond these columns to be

suspended in center and side spans. Side ropes were then arranged in suspended state

and their length is adjusted to co-operate equally their load.

Ropes were bounded from the parallel main cable

Construction

Cables were then pulled transversally to expand the space between two main cables

Central span is maintained by introduced stiffening truss in them

Minor Stadium

This stadium is situated to the south west of major stadium.

Connecting to the major by a way of series of underground and ground level facility.

Form is based on a circle. Skin which roofs the building is suspended from and

eccentric mast. The roof is slung on long cable from the outside it

sweeps up to be furled or rolled up round a central protruding rod.

Minor Stadium

The roof and the space it defines compose of single individual whole.

The stadium has a Unique hanging roof system having an extraordinary asymmetrical configuration with an isolated single abutment and spirally curved main hanging member covers a conical shape.

MINOR STADIUM

Stadium dia. is of 65m. From the top of column a main building hanging

member comes down following a spiral curve in space and passes the middle height of main column and extends to anchor.

Block is at tale end .The whole roof therefore appears to be hung from summit point.

At the peak dist. Is hardly 18” deep and have grown at the bottom to 5’

Entire interior is clad in wood.

INFERENCES

Borb wire fans around each base have spoiled it’s beauty

Fins have not been evenly placed Building edge been twist casually Water which the building spills neatly down b/w

each pair of edge beams into the drainage pools

Roofing has leaked into a few places and brown rings have not been cleaned away.

Hiroshima City Plan

Construction Time - 1949-1956

Building Time - As per the Buildings

Construction System - Simple Linear Mass

on the columns with louvered walls

Climate - Humid sub tropical

Context - Urban

Style - Modern

Reconstruction of the city was done after it was destroyed during world War-II This complex as a whole has a monumental quality. Entrance of the city is from many sides. In the center of the city Hiroshima peace center is there. In the west of this conference center, children’s library is there. In the east of this memorial museum is there. In the north of peace center there is museum hall.

Hiroshima City Plan

North

Hiroshima City Plan

Hiroshima Peace Center

It is a center part of the city. This area has been directly hit by the bomb. This building is raised on the pillars. Its structure is a framework of exposed concrete.

Hiroshima Peace Museum

Floor Area- 2848.1 sq. meter.

Floors - 2 above ground

Height - 13.134 meter.

Structure - Reinforced concrete

This was built in 1952 situated in the east of the main axis.

Tange’s elevated the building on pilotis a common technique of Le Corbusier

He also look at Le Corbusier ribbon glazing to the extreme and designed floor to ceiling window.

Exposed of structure is in the reference to traditional Japanese architecture.

Courtyard was open except for the memorial which served as focal point.

This memorial has a seating capacity of 2500.

Hiroshima Peace Center

Memorial Hall

It is in the north Floor Area – 2489 sq. m. Floors – 1 above ground

1 basement Height – 12.08 meter. Structure – Reinforced concrete 50000 people can congregate around this.

Memorial Hall

It is in form of hyperbola-parabola brings together modern tendencies and techniques and ancient form of “haniwa” the traditional tomb of the Japan’s ruler.

It is set in an axial garden while the building raised as piers is perpendicular to axis and acts as counter point structure in composition of the ensemble.

Memorial Hall

Children’s Library

•Situated in west

•Floor Area – 403 sq. m.

•Floors – 1 above ground

•Structure - RCC

Conference Hall

Floor Area

24643 sq. meter.

All three are in a line joined by a bridge.

Kurashiki City Hall

Location - It is in tottery north of

Honshu island, near the

sea of Japan Designed - In 1959 Bld. Type - community building Form - Rectangular building

Kurashiki City Hall

Exterior

Kurashiki city hall has a free and ever changing façade made of a series of horizontal, vertical windows, solids and voids.

This work is a translation in cement left rough with impression of wooden building.

There are lines on the cement surface and there is a sequence of paneling

The entire mass a standing on four massive piers.

Facilities

Public Assembly hall “A” City hall “B”

Offices, Meeting Rooms, Mayor’s Office

Citizen’s squad

Material Used

Precast concrete & stainless steel. White plaster on walls. Tile roofing. Exterior of concrete. Floor is of plane concrete. Ceiling is a giant combination of dead

concrete and beams. Entrance is for double height foyer.

Natural flow of space from the plaza to the public hall and then to the counter section on second floor.

The project visualize two primary structures based on a continuous triangular section.

Within the triangular structure there are open space for community centers

Kurashiki City Hall

The general plan for the street system had been drawn up by two city planner Kurashiki City Hall s. In connection with this a site has been selected for the city hall and public auditorium.

City hall faces a citizen’s squad. Bulk active structure system is used.

Kurashiki City Hall