ARCHIFACTS Bulletin of the Archives and Records Association of New Zealand

1983/1

A R C H I V E S A N D R E C O R D S

A S S O C I A T I O N O F N E W Z E A L A N D

ADDRESS: P.O. Box 11-553', We l l i ng ton

PATRON :

PRESIDENT:

VICE-PRESIDENTS:

SECRETARY:

TREASURER:

EDITOR:

COUNCIL:

MEMBERSHIP SECRETARY:

S i r John Marshal l

Peter M i l l e r

Jack Churchouse

Michael Hoare

Mar jo r ie Maslen

Tim Love l l -Sm i th

Michael Hodder

John Angus Rosemary C o l l i e r Annet te Fa i rweather Ron Keam Cathy Marr Ron Sut ton Evan Wright

P a t r i c i a O i l i f f

COMMITTEES:

A r c h i v a l Educat ion and T r a i n i n g Business A rch i ves Records Management R e l i g i o u s Arch ives

SPOKESMEN:

A r c h i t e c t u r a l A rch i ves Car tog raph ic A rch ives Labour A rch ives Oral A rch i ves

BRANCHES:

Auckland

Michael Hodder (Convenor) Kevin Bourke (Convenor) Rosemary C o l l i e r (Convenor) Bever ley Booth (Convenor)

Robin G r i f f i n Brad Pat te rson Richard H i l l Graham But te rwor th

Canterbury

Otago/South land

Waikato

Wel l i ng ton

Verna Mossong (Chairman) 1 Bruce Road, G l e n f i e l d , Auck land.

Margaret Thompson (Chairman) Canterbury Museum, Ro l l es ton Avenue,

C h r i s t c h u r c h .

Stephen Innes (Chairman) Pub l i c L i b r a r y , 230 Moray P l a c e , Dunedin.

Bern ie Hume (Chairman) 22 Be t l ey C r e s c e n t , Hami l ton.

S t u a r t Strachan (Chairman) 41 Rose S t r e e t , W e l l i n g t o n .

Copyright for articles Sc. in A r c h i f a c t s rests with authors and the Association. Permission to reproduce should be sought, in writing, from the Editor.

1983/1 March 1983

ARCHIFACTS Bulletin of the Archives and Records Association of New Zealand

W E L L - W I S H E R S AND D O - G O O D E R S

Tucked i n s i d e the pages o f t h i s i ssue i s an i n v o i c e f o r renewing you r membership o f ARANZ f o r a f u r t h e r y e a r Whether an i n s t i t u t i o n a l o r a personal member, most o f you w i l l pause to cons ide r whether i t i s wor thwh i le to cont inue I t seems to me tha t these r e f l e x i o n s might be o f two d i f f e r i n g ( b u t not c o n f l i c t i n g ) types The f i r s t l i e s i n pondering the aims o f the A s s o c i a t i o n - i f you wish to r e f r e s h y o u r s e l f on these they are p r i n t e d on the i n s i d e back cove r - the r e a c t i o n you might have i n weighing the claims o f the va r i ous s o l i c i t i n g envelopes which appear i n you r l e t t e r - b o x seeking c h a r i t a b l e donat ions And you are almost bound to cons ide r whether the A s s o c i a t i o n i s l i v i n g up to i t s aims The most r e g u l a r means o f communication between members s ince February 1977 has been the A s s o c i a t i o n ' s q u a r t e r l y b u l l e t i n Axchifacts, so your r e s -ponse to i t i s l i k e l y to be c r i t i c a l

While Archifacts does p rov ide in fo rmat ion on Counc i l meetings and on Branch a c t i v i t i e s , i t does not pub l i sh formal repo r t s from any Counc i l o f f i c e r , even the P r e s i -dent The b u l l e t i n ' s r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h members i s both more s u b t l e and more funda-mental One person t e l l s o the rs o f h i s involvement w i t h a r c h i v e s - perhaps the s a f e -guarding o f a c o l l e c t i o n ( g e n e r a l l y , but not a lways , by ga ther ing i t i n ) , perhaps theory o r p r a c t i c e i n handl ing a r c h i v e s - i n c l u d i n g the c r u c i a l element o f phys ica l p r e s e r v a -t i o n , perhaps a d e s c r i p t i o n o f pa r t o f an i n s t i t u t i o n ' s h o l d i n g s , perhaps the use made, o r which cou ld be made, o f a r c h i v e s i n h i s t o r i c a l research The range even i n these i s l a r g e , but t h i s does not complete ly ga ther i n a l l the A s s o c i a t i o n ' s concerns . Records as we l l as a r c h i v e s are p a r t o f the p a t c h , and t he re has been concern expressed from time to time tha t r eco rd -keep ing , records management as d i s t i n c t from arch ive -keep ing and a r c h i v e s management have been neglected by the A s s o c i a t i o n and t ha t tha t neg lec t has been r e f l e c t e d i n a dear th o f mate r ia l i n Archifacts I t i s my b e l i e f tha t they are separate ma t te r s , the s k i l l s f o r records work being d i s t i n c t i v e from those i n a r c h i v e s work, a l though there i s important ove r l ap i n these s k i l l s Th i s ove r lap combined w i th the obv ious ch rono log i ca l r e l a t i o n s h i p between records and a rch i ves makes t h e i r j u x t a p o s i t i o n w i t h i n the A s s o c i a t i o n p e r f e c t l y v a l i d (An easy p a r a l l e l i s the s k i l l s and r e l a t i o n s h i p s o f conse rva to rs and a r c h i v i s t s ) Hence the appearance, as a supplement, o f the Records Management Newsletter - not merely f o r those whose p a r t i c u -l a r concern i s c u r r e n t records but f o r the whole A s s o c i a t i o n ' s membership

At the o u t s e t I mentioned two types o f r e f l e x i o n In my mind was your i n d i v i d u a l involvement i n the A s s o c i a t i o n ' s sphere o f concern Paying the annual membership dues, reading the b u l l e t i n and a t tend ing seminars i s ext remely v a l u a b l e s u p p o r t , not to be regarded l i g h t l y But as E d i t o r , r e f l e c t i n g on the authors o f the va r i ous s c r i p t s o f f e r e d , and on those i n d i v i d u a l s who work to generate a c t i v i t y i n the Branches, I am consc ious t h a t these people are few i n number I s i t too d i f f i c u l t f o r some o f you to be m o b i l i s e d 7 Time and d i s tance are rea l hurd les f o r a small A s s o c i a t i o n w i th nat iona l and l oca l concerns But i t i s commitment to p r o j e c t s which b r ings the A s s o c i a t i o n ' s aims to l i f e , and f o r those so i n v o l v e d , membership i s important Some-times an i n d i v i d u a l can f e e l too u n s k i l l e d o r unknowledgeable to t ack le an assignment a lone But i f you are a l e r t to the s i g n i f i c a n c e o f the A s s o c i a t i o n ' s aims you w i l l p robab ly sense work which cou ld be done i n you r area Archifacts and the A s s o c i a t i o n ' s membership w i l l welcome these thoughts

2

H A W K E ' S BAY P R O V I N C I A L N E W S P A P E R S

(An address to the Local Interest Group, Hawke's Bay Community College, 17 November 1982)

My s u b j e c t i s the major newspapers o f the two Hawke's Bay c i t i e s , Hast ings and Nap ie r ( I have not attemped to cover the smal ler coun t ry newspapers, though t h e y , t o o , have t h e i r s t o r y ) By way o f i n t r o d u c t i o n I would l i k e to g i v e you a b r i e f account o f how newspapers became to be e s t a b l i s h e d i n New Zealand g e n e r a l l y I cannot do b e t t e r i n beginning than by quot ing from the opening chapter o f G H S c h o l e f i e l d ' s i n v a l u a b l e book, Newspapers m New Zealand ( pub l i shed by Reed i n 1958)

In every community which holds to the Anglo-Saxon t r a d i t i o n o f democracy the e x i s t e n c e o f a f reenewspaper press i s an ax iom, s ince the unhindered f l ow o f in fo rmat ion and exp ress ion o f op in ion are v i t a l to se l f -government

The men and women who more than a cen tu ry ago were contemplat ing emig ra t ion to New Zealand had as a background more than a decade o f open d i s p u t a t i o n on the reform b i l l s and the corn laws As a consequence, they a s s e r t e d , sometimes w i th f a n t a s t i c ea rnes tness , the r i g h t to manage t he i r own a f f a i r s I n s i d e Par l iament and o u t , se l f -government was he ld t o be an e s s e n t i a l i n g r e d i e n t o f the Wakef ie ld plan o f c o l o n i s a t i o n

When e v e n t u a l l y the New Zealand Company s t a r t e d to c o l o n i s e New Zealand i n d i r e c t de f iance o f the Co lon ia l O f f i c e , few o f the c o l o n i s t s who s a i l e d i n 1839 from the Thames, the Clyde and Plymouth d id not c o n f i d e n t l y expect when they reached the new land they would au toma t i ca l l y have a v o i c e i n the conduct o f t h e i r own a f f a i r s Whether t h e i r d e s t i n a t i o n was Por t N i c h o l s o n , o r Bay o f I s lands o r Nelson they would be managed by men o f t h e i r own c h o i c e , a c c e s s i b l e to t h e i r p r a i s e o r censure And how cou ld the rank and f i l e make t h e i r vo i ces heard except through a newspaper p r e s s 7

So determined was Wakef ie ld t ha t New Zealand should have i t s own newspaper, the f i r s t i ssue o f the New Zealand Gazette was pub l i shed i n London on 21 August 1839 be-f o r e t h e p r m t e r and h is p lan t were loaded on the sh ip S i x months l a t e r Samuel Revans se t up h is press on the fo reshore a t Petone and , t h e r e , on 18 A p r i l 1840, i ssue no 2 O f the New Zealand Gazette and Britannia Spectator was p r i n t e d - the f i r s t newspaper to be pub l i shed i n New Zealand I t was not u n t i l two months l a t e r t ha t the New Zealand Advertiser made i t s f i r s t appearance m the Bay o f I s l ands T h e r e a f t e r p r a c t i c a l l y eve ry t i n y set t lement round the coasts o f the co lony s e t up i t s own l oca l paper , many o f them v e r y s h o r t - l i v e d Of those which s t i l l s u r v i v e the o l d e s t i s the Taranaki Herald Which began p u b l i c a t i o n on 4 August 1852 The Hawke's Bay Herald-Tribune, f i r s t pub l i shed on 24 September 1857 under the t i t l e o f the Hawke's Bay Herald and Ahunn Advocate, ranks f o u r t h i n o r d e r o f s e n i o r i t y

I t must be unders tood , o f c o u r s e , t ha t the e a r l i e s t newspapers were not d a i l y papers They were g e n e r a l l y produced, a t most once a week, on a hand press which was o therw ise employed on j o b p r i n t i n g The c a p i t a l o u t l a y was not g r e a t , but the p r i n t e r had to be a man o f pa r ts who cou ld not o n l y p r i n t , but a l so manage the o f f i c e , read the proofs and w r i t e the occas iona l a r t i c l e

The most se r i ous handicap faced by the e a r l y newspapers was the smal lness o f the wh i te popu la t i on and t h e i r extreme i s o l a t i o n Some o f the s t a t i s t i c s make i n t e r e s t i n g reading In 1851 the t o t a l wh i te popu la t i on o f New Zealand was o n l y 26,707 Four o f the p rov inces had newspapers - seven s u r v i v o r s out o f 16 t ha t had been e s t a b l i s h e d In 1860 the European popu la t i on had grown to 59,413, s c a t t e r e d o v e r s i x p rov inces and served by 15 newspapers Between 1860 and 1879, l a r g e l y on account o f the rush f o r g o l d , t he re was a popu la t i on e x p l o s i o n and newspaper p ioneer ing reached i t s peak During t h i s pe r iod o f 19 y e a r s , no l e s s than 181 new papers were e s t a b l i s h e d ( i n c l u d i n g

3

44 i n Otago a lone) and 87 ceased p u b l i c a t i o n In the next two decades (1880-1899), 150 papers were s t a r t e d and 85 f a i l e d

Our e a r l y c o l o n i a l newspapers cou ld s c a r c e l y be desc r ibed as impar t i a l o r u n -b iassed They not on l y c r i t i c i z e d , they o f t en savagely a t t acked , the adm in i s t r a t i on o f the day , whether i n Auckland o r i n Whi teha l l The Gazette a t Po r t N icho lson owed i t s v e r y ex i s t ence to Edward Gibbon Wakef ie ld and the New Zealand Company and Samuel Revans never ceased to berate both the C o l o n i a l O f f i c e i n London and the Government i n Auckland Sometimes an i r a t e e d i t o r would so o f fend the bureaucracy o f the day tha t the Government would wi thdraw i t s a d v e r t i s i n g (a use fu l source o f revenue) and, i n extreme cases , might even s e i z e h is press and c l o s e h is bus iness down Rabid c r i t i c i s m was n o t , however, rese rved f o r those i n a u t h o r i t y P o l i t i c a l f e e l i n g ran h i g h , but personal r i v a l r i e s and p e t t y d i spu tes were a l s o r i f e There was no such th ing as impersonal j o u r n a l i s m and, i n a small and i s o l a t e d community, i t was v i r t u a l l y imposs ib le f o r the w r i t e r o f a newspaper a r t i c l e to conceal h is i d e n t i t y The law o f l i b e l d i d not e x i s t , o r a t l e a s t i t was not e n f o r c e d , w i t h the r e s u l t t ha t there were f requent f i g h t s , ho rse -wh ipp ings , t a r - a n d - f e a t h e r i n g s and even cha l lenges to a duel

Accord ing to Wi l l i am Swamson, ou r f i r s t A t t o r n e y - G e n e r a l , i t was cons idered "more f o r the advantage o f Her M a j e s t y ' s sub jec ts i n these i s l a n d s tha t the re should be occas iona l excess on the pa r t o f the p r e s s , r a t he r t han con t inua l r e s t r a i n t , and t h a t , so long a t l e a s t as the people o f New Zealand had no d i r e c t vo i ce i n the gove rn -ment o f the c o u n t r y , they should en joy w i thou t l i m i t a t i o n o r r e s t r a i n t ' t h a t t r u e l i b e r t y tha t f reeborn men, having to adv ise the p u b l i c , might speak f r e e " '

Be tha t as i t may, i t was not u n t i l 1853, a f t e r the passing o f the New Zealand C o n s t i t u t i o n A c t , t ha t Wi l l iam Brown, one o f the p r o p r i e t o r s o f an Auckland news-paper , s u c c e s s f u l l y brought an a c t i o n aga ins t the owners o f a r i v a l newspaper, c la iming l i b e l s on h i s c h a r a c t e r and p o l i t i c a l conduct Read today , the a l l e g a t i o n s aga ins t Brown sound q u i t e outrageous and the j u r y had no d i f f i c u l t y i n f i n d i n g f o r the p l a i n t i f f Yet the damages were assessed a t on l y 20 s h i l l i n g s

I t was not u n t i l the 1860s tha t the press o f New Zealand began to show some p r o -f ess iona l ma tu r i t y and, perhaps, a g rea te r sense o f r e s p o n s i b i l i t y I t was dur ing t h i s decade, which a l so saw the advent o f the e l e c t r i c t e l e g r a p h , tha t the otago Daily Times ( t h e f i r s t d a i l y i n the c o l o n y ) , the Press ( C h r i s t c h u r c h ) , the New Zealand Herald (Auckland) and the Evening Post (We l l i ng ton ) were e s t a b l i s h e d The New Zealand Gazette, our f i r s t newspaper, had long s ince d isappeared from the scene To quote aga in from S c h o l e f i e l d ' s Newspapers m New Zealand " I n the long run i t was the r e l i a b i l i t y and cons i s tency o f the news columns t ha t weaned the average reader from j o u r n a l s which r e l i e d upon the p o l i t i c a l c o l o u r o f t h e i r lead ing a r t i c l e s r a t h e r than the cons i s tency and completeness o f the news "

* * * * * * * *

As most o f you w i l l be aware, and as I have a l r eady i n d i c a t e d , the f i r s t newspaper to be pub l ished i n Hawke's Bay was the Hawke's Bay Herald, o f N a p i e r , o r i g i n a l l y c a l l e d the Hawke's Bay Herald and Ahunri Advocate At tha t time (1857) the whole d i s t r i c t , then c a l l e d A h u n r i , had on l y 982 European i nhab i tan ts and i t was not u n t i l the f o l l o w i n g yea r tha t Hawke's Bay became a p rov ince i n i t s own r i g h t Indeed the estab l ishment o f the newspaper was l a r g e l y i n s t i g a t e d by Donald McLean as pa r t o f h is campaign to sepa-ra te Hawke'js Bay from the p rov ince o f We l l i ng ton Once tha t separa t ion was a c h i e v e d , the second pa r t o f the pape r ' s t i t l e , "Ahunri Advocate", was dropped A t f i r s t the paper was pub l ished weekly and was d i s t r i b u t e d by coach , by p o s t , on horseback and even by canoe

The f i r s t e d i t o r o f the Herald was James Wood, who brought w i th him from Auckland the necessary p r i n t i n g p lan t He was du ly appointed p r i n t e r f o r the new p r o v i n c i a l adm in i s t r a t i on and the Herald became i t s o f f i c i a l organ Wood was l a t e r a member o f the P r o v i n c i a l Counci l and, i n 1871, when he decided to go on the l a n d , he so ld the paper to f o u r o f h i s employees, W W Car l î l e , Thomas M o r r i s o n , Peter Dinwiddle and Ε H Gr igg In the same yea r the Herald, which s ince 1861 had been pub l i shed tw ice a week, f i n a l l y became a d a i l y paper

4

Gr igg soon withdrew from the p a r t n e r s h i p Car l l i e , an Ox fo rd g radua te , who had been e d i t o r s ince 1870, cont inued i n t ha t o f f i c e untul 1878, when he too dec ided to take up farming D inw idd le , a Manchester man, was the business manager o f the f i r m , wh i le M o r r i s o n , a na t i ve o f I r e l a n d , devoted h imse l f s o l e l y to j ou rna l i sm A lso i n 1878 Mor r i son s o l d h i s i n t e r e s t to R Τ Walker , another Manchester man b u t , a t t h a t t ime, s u b - e d i t o r o f the Evening Post, and the f i rm became known as D i n w i d d i e , Walker & Co Walker rep laced C a r l i l e as e d i t o r o f the paper and remained as e d i t o r u n t i l h i s death i n 1901 The f i rm became a l i m i t e d l i a b i l i t y company i n 1886

Wi l l i am D inw idd ie , a nephew o f Peter D i n w i d d i e , a lawyer and a man o f h igh p r i n c i -p l e s , was e d i t o r o f the paper from 1901 u n t i l 1937 when the Herald ceased to e x i s t as a separate p u b l i c a t i o n

Accord ing to S c h o l e f i e l d , the Herald was a c o n s e r v a t i v e paper and i t s p r o g r e s s , i f not s e n s a t i o n a l , was s o l i d Never the less i t helped to shape the d e s t i n y o f the p rov i nce and fought many campaigns to f u r t h e r i t s p rogress The Herald s t r o n g l y supported the format ion o f the boroughs o f both Napier and Hast ings and urged the b u i l d i n g o f the Nap ie r -We l l i ng ton r a i l w a y I t a l so encouraged the opening up o f the bushlands f o r farming and advocated the es tab l ishment Qf the A g r i c u l t u r a l and Pas to ra l S o c i e t y as an a i d to pr imary p roduc t ion

In N a p i e r , the Herald a c t i v e l y campaigned f o r the rec lamat ion o f the swamp lands ( n o t a b l y Nap ier S o u t h ) , f o r a permanent water supp ly and f o r a proper sewerage system I t a l so took a lead ing par t i n the scheme to c o n s t r u c t the Marine Parade

S a d l y , the p l a n t and business premises o f the Herald were comple te ly des t royed by earthquake and f i r e on 3 February 1931 S h o r t l y a f te rwards the d i r e c t o r s accepted the o f f e r o f the Hawke's Bay Tribune to p r i n t the paper i n Hast ings and, some months l a t e r , a merger o f the two companies was agreed upon The Herald con t inued as a separate morning paper u n t i l 16 January 1937 when i t was i nco rpo ra ted i n the Hawke's Bay Heraid-Tribune

N a p i e r ' s Daily Telegraph was e s t a b l i s h e d on 1 February 1871 and owed i t s o r i g i n to f o u r prominent bus iness men Ε W Knowles, a Kent ish merchant, G Ε Lee , b a r r i s t e r , A lexander Kennedy and Τ Κ Newton They f l o a t e d the paper as a pub l i c company, i n o r d e r to combat the dominance o f the. landed i n t e r e s t s - no doubt represented by the Hawke's Bay Herald We can be sure there was f i e r c e compet i t ion between the morning Herald and the evening Daily Telegraph when the new paper made i t s f i r s t appearance I t cou ld not have been mere co inc idence t ha t i n t h a t same y e a r , 1871, the Herald changed to d a i l y p u b l i c a t i o n S c h o l e f i e l d says , somewhat c r y p t i c a l l y , " I n i t s e a r l y days the Telegraph met w i th s tubborn r e s i s t a n c e and unexpected combinat ions "

D i s a s t e r h i t the Telegraph i n 1886 when i t s b u i l d i n g s and p lan t were des t royed by f i r e F i v e yea rs l a t e r th ree o f the founders r e t i r e d , apparen t l y l eav ing Knowles as the so l e p r o p r i e t o r (So much f o r the p u b l i c company ) Knowles cont inued to devote a l l h i s energ ies to the p r o s p e r i t y o f the paper u n t i l 1908 when, a t the age o f 75, he too was compelled to r e t i r e In the meantime he had b u i l t up a t h r i v i n g and expanding business which he then s o l d t o f o u r wel l known Auckland newspaper man, Henry B r e t t and Τ W Leys ( o f the Auckland star) and W J Geddis and Wi l l iam B lomf ie ld ( o f the New Zealand Observer)

W J Geddis became the f i r s t managing d i r e c t o r o f the new D a i l y Te legraph Co L t d A few years l a t e r , B lomf ie ld d isposed o f h i s shares and was rep laced on the board o f d i r e c t o r s by Τ M Geddis (son o f W J Geddis) who, i n 1921, succeeded h is f a t h e r as managing d i r e c t o r Cont inu ing the fami l y t r a d i t i o n , Τ M Geddis was succeeded by h is son , Β S Gedd is , as managing d i r e c t o r i n 1956 The present managing d i r e c t o r i s Mr J Β Gedd is , a cous in o f Mr Β S Geddis

The f i r s t e d i t o r o f the Daily Telegraph was R H L o r d , a London j o u r n a l i s t who had a r e p u t a t i o n f o r w i t and who subsequent ly worked f o r Punch I t seems the w i t was some-times barbed because, f o r one a r t i c l e he w ro te , he was rewarded w i th a ho rse -wh ipp ing ,

5

f o r which the o f fender was f i n e d a mere 10 s h i l l i n g s Succeeding e d i t o r s were Robert P r i c e and then Robert M a r t i n , a Scotsman who had p r e v i o u s l y ed i t ed the southland Times Mar t in was fo l l owed by J W McDougal l , from Peterborough i n Eng land , who a r r i v e d m-New Zealand i n 1874 and worked as a b u i l d e r I n 1880 he was e d i t i n g the waipawa Mail and two years l a t e r he was c h i e f r e p o r t e r o f the Hawke's Bay Herald He then j o i n e d the Daily Telegraph and was e d i t o r o f t ha t paper f o r 36 yea rs u n t i l h i s re t i r emen t i n 1930 McDougall i s desc r ibed by S c h o l e f i e l d as a l o g i c a l and f e a r l e s s w r i t e r who gave steady support to the L i b e r a l pa r t y and p layed no small pa r t i n the progress o f the p rov ince

Τ M Geddis h i m s e l f , then managing d i r e c t o r , c o n t r o l l e d the e d i t o r i a l s ide from 1930 to 1951 Succeeding e d i t o r s were , f i r s t , A F Β McCredie and, t h e n , Mr D G C o n l y , who i s now l i v i n g i n re t i r emen t The o f f i c e i s now he ld by Mr M A B e r r y , f o rmer l y o f the Auckland Star

The Telegraph had j u s t ce leb ra ted i t s diamond j u b i l e e when, f o r the second t ime , i t s b u i l d i n g s and p l an t were t o t a l l y d e s t r o y e d , t h i s time by the Hawke's Bay earthquake and subsequent f i r e s U n l i k e the Herald, the Telegraph was able to r e - e s t a b l i s h i t s e l f f a i r l y q u i c k l y On the day a f t e r the earthquake the paper r o s e , almost l i t e r a l l y from the ashes , a l b e i t i n small quarto s i z e By A p r i l 1933 the company's r e h a b i l i t a t i o n was complete, w i t h a new modern b u i l d i n g and new modern p l an t

A l though perhaps, a t f i r s t , more c l o s e l y assoc ia ted w i th the commercial i n t e r e s t s o f Napier than the w ide r i n t e r e s t s o f the p rov ince as a who le , the Daily Telegraph, i n l a t e r y e a r s , has been v i g o r o u s l y i d e n t i f i e d w i t h major phases o f the development o f Hawke's Bay, no tab ly the breakwater harbour a t the po r t o f N a p i e r , r i v e r s c o n t r o l , the East Coast r a i l w a y and the development o f h y d r o - e l e c t r i c resources a t Waikaremoana

Before moving on to the newspaper which I know b e s t , I should mention th ree o the r Nap ie r papers o f the l a s t cen tu r y which s u r v i v e d o n l y b r i e f l y The second paper to be e s t a b l i s h e d m Napier was n o t , m f a c t , the Daily Telegraph but the Hawke's Bay Times which s t a r t e d i n 1861 and f i n a l l y c l osed down, a f t e r a somewhat checkered c a r e e r , i n 1874 An even l e s s success fu l v e n t u r e , an evening paper c a l l e d the star, which was launched i n 1879 to suppor t G r e y ' s p a r t y i n p o l i t i c s , l a s t e d o n l y s i x weeks L a s t l y , the Napier Evening News and Hawke's Bay Advertiser was s t a r t e d as a d a i l y i n 1885 I t was not success fu l and, by the time i t c l osed down i n 1897, i t had c o s t i t s L i b e r a l p r o p r i e t o r s a good deal o f money

Compared w i th o ther cen t res o f s i m i l a r s i z e a t t ha t p e r i o d , Hast ings was a l a t e s t a r t e r i n the newspaper f i e l d A l though i n 1890 the town had a popu la t i on o f 2,000 i t was not u n t i l 1886 t h a t the Hastings Star and District Advertiser made i t s f i r s t appearance, from the j o b p r i n t i n g works o f A A George The e d i t o r was J H C l a y t o n , who was assoc ia ted w i t h many e a r l y newspapers i n New Zealand The star, which was pub-l i s h e d week ly , s t r e s s e d the need f o r Has t ings to e s t a b l i s h i t s own i d e n t i t y and advo-cated c l o s e r se t t lement o f the r i c h farming land sur rounding the town However the co lony was then i n the depths o f a depress ion and t h i s f i r s t paper l a s t e d o n l y two years

The next paper on the scene was the Hastings standard, founded i n 1896 by W D A r n o t t and Anthony Cash ion , both o f Greymouth A r n o t t was the e d i t o r and G W Venab les , l a t e r o f Nap ie r , was the foreman o f the composing room Times were s t i l l hard and lack o f funds was an ever r e c u r r e n t problem At one stage f inances were so bad tha t the s t a f f had to wa i t s i x weeks f o r t h e i r pay At l a s t , i n d e s p e r a t i o n , the composi tors marched in to the manager's o f f i c e and demanded t h e i r overdue wages, f a i l i n g which the nex t i ssue o f the standard would not appear F o r t u n a t e l y the pape r ' s a d v e r t i s e r s and s u b s c r i b e r s r a l l i e d round and the c r i s i s was aver ted From tha t t ime on the fo r tunes o f the paper began to improve and the s tandard e v e n t u a l l y f l o u r i s h e d

In 1898 A r n o t t s o l d o u t , because o f i l l h e a l t h , t o Job V i l e , o f Pahiatua Other changes o f ownership f o l l owed and by 1905 Wi l l iam H a r t , f o rmer l y o f Oamaru, who had managed and e d i t e d the standard f o r severa l y e a r s , became the s o l e p r o p r i e t o r In 1907 he s o l d the paper to W C Whi t lock and A l f r e d Carncross Both came from Taranaki where Whl t lock had managed the Egmont Settler and the Stratford Evening Post.

6

Dur ing the w i n t e r o f 1907 the newspaper's o l d wooden b u i l d i n g on the co rne r o f Queen and Russe l l S t r e e t s was hauled b o d i l y to a new s i t e i n Karamu Road I t i s recorded t h a t the e d i t o r i a l s t a f f con t inued to work i n the b u i l d i n g w h i l e i t was dragged a long the s t r e e t A few months l a t e r the f i rm took possess ion o f new premises i n Queen S t r e e t , now occupied by Har t P r i n t

By 1910, because o f i nc reas ing c i r c u l a t i o n and the growing i n f l u e n c e o f the paper i n the community, i t became obvious to the p r o p r i e t o r s o f the standard t ha t they needed new equipment and l a r g e r premises Help'came from an unexpected q u a r t e r Wi l l i am Ne lson , p ionee r o f the f r o z e n meat i n d u s t r y i n Hawke's Bay, vo lun tee red to f i n d the f i n a n c i a l backing f o r a new p r i n t i n g p l a n t , and he was as good as h is word A f t e r severa l meet ings , a p r i v a t e company, the T r i bune L i m i t e d , was formed to i nco rpo ra te the Hastings standard i n a new p r o v i n c i a l newspaper t o be c a l l e d the Hawke's Bay Tribune The name was suggested by Wi l l i am Nelson and, a l though he never i nves ted p e r s o n a l l y i n the company, he i s g e n e r a l l y regarded as the f a t h e r o f the Tribune H is son , George Ne l son , however, was one o f the s u b s c r i b i n g shareho lders and a d i r e c t o r o f the company The o the r o r i g i n a l d i r e c t o r s were Regina ld G a r d i n e r , John Chambers, Τ Mason Chambers and W C Wh i t l ock , who was appointed managing d i r e c t o r Regina ld Ga rd ine r was e l e c t e d chairman o f the board and he ld tha t o f f i c e u n t i l he d ied i n 1959 -a span o f more than 48 years

The f i r s t Hawke's Bay Tribune was pub l i shed on 12 December 1910 I n the f o l l o w i n g y e a r the company aga in moved i n t o new, and l a r g e r , premises, t h i s time on a s i t e , s t i l l owned and occupied by the company, a t the co rne r o f Queen S t r e e t and Karamu Road, "where , " as S c h o l e f i e l d s o b e r l y r e p o r t s , " i t s p rogress t h e r e a f t e r was cont inuous and s teady"

Indeed the Tribune cont inued to grow and expand u n t i l the 1931 ear thquake, when the commercial o f f i c e o f the paper was so badly damaged tha t the upper s t o r e y had l a t e r to be removed, and the machine room was l a i d i n r u i n s The g r e a t e r p a r t o f the machinery was l a t e r sa lvaged and, i n the meantime, thanks to the c o - o p e r a t i o n o f Percy George ( t he son o f A A G e o r g e ) , who made h is p r i n t i n g p lan t a v a i l a b l e , small d a i l y news sheets were i ssued by the company These gave a b r i e f summary o f important l o c a l news ( i n c l u d i n g c a s u a l t y l i s t s ) and d i r e c t i o n s from those i n a u t h o r i t y f o r the people i n v o l v e d i n sa lvage and r e c o n s t r u c t i o n work In l e s s than two weeks a f t e r the e a r t h -quake, the Tribune reappeared i n i t s usual form

In 1932, a f t e r the merger w i t h D i n w i d d i e , Walker & Co L t d , the company changed i t s name to Hawke's Bay Newspapers L imi ted Each o f the two newspapers, however, r e -t a i ned i t s separate i d e n t i t y and i t s own e d i t o r i a l p o l i c y u n t i l 1937 when f i n a n c i a l s t r i n g e n c y compel led the Herald to cease p u b l i c a t i o n and the Tribune became the Herald-Tribune There were no redundancies and the s t a f f s o f the two papers were amalgamated to become one, thus main ta in ing the unbroken l i n e o f success ion from the f i r s t newspaper i n the p rov ince

Wi l l iam Char les Wh i t l ock , who had been managing d i r e c t o r and e d i t o r o f the Tribune s ince i t s i n c e p t i o n , r e t i r e d comple te ly a t the end o f 1933 He was succeeded i n both o f f i c e s by h is son , Wi l l i am A r thu r Wh i t l ock , who had worked w i t h h i s f a t h e r from 1907, when they f i r s t came to H a s t i n g s , u n t i l 1917 when he went i n t o camp A f t e r war s e r v i c e i n France he re tu rned to Hast ings and ac ted as news e d i t o r o f the Tribune u n t i l 1922, when he moved to C h r i s t c h u r c h to ga in w ide r exper ience He l a t e r became c h i e f sub-e d i t o r o f the Auckland s t a r and, subsequen t l y , o f the Dominion

S h o r t l y a f t e r the Herald ceased to e x i s t as a separate p u b l i c a t i o n , a prospectus appeared f o r the f l o t a t i o n o f a new p u b l i c company, w i t h a nominal c a p i t a l o f £65,000 to p u b l i s h a morning newspaper se r v i ng the whole o f the eas t coas t from Dannevirke to G isborne The f i r s t i s sue o f the Hawke's Bay Daily Mail, a 16-page paper , designed on the p a t t e r n o f the London Daily Mail, w i t h p ro fuse i l l u s t r a t i o n s , was pub l i shed on 26 February 1938

The new morning d a i l y posed a se r i ous t h r e a t to the Herald-Tribune, but u l t i m a t e l y proved a f i n a n c i a l d i s a s t e r f o r those who i nves ted i n i t I n 1940, a f t e r cons ide rab le

7

l o s s e s , i t came i n to the hands o f a r e c e i v e r who managed to r a i s e more money and, w i t h the support o f the Daily Telegraph, t r i e d to ach ieve an amalgamation o f i n t e r e s t s to produce one morning and one evening paper f o r Hawke's Bay The Herald-Tribune r e fused to co-opera te and f i n a l l y the Daily Mail ceased p u b l i c a t i o n on 28 June 1941

The Herald-Tnbune has always kept i n the f o r e f r o n t o f newspaper techno logy and s ince 1977 the paper has been p r i n t e d on one o f the modern presses now a v a i l a b l e T h i s has a l lowed the company to change ove r from the o l d "hot meta l " method of< p r i n t i n g to the new " c o l d t ype " o r o f f s e t system I t i s f a i r to say t h a t , s i nce the end o f World War I I , the company has made f u r t h e r s teady p r o g r e s s , based on a we l l planned programme o f expansion and d i v e r s i f i c a t i o n

The newspaper has had f i v e e d i t o r s s ince the Tribune was e s t a b l i s h e d i n 1910 The f i r s t th ree represented th ree genera t ions o f the Whi t lock f a m i l y , Wi l l i am Char les Whi t lock from 1910 to 1933, Wi l l i am A r t h u r Whi t lock from 1933 to 1958 and h i s s o n , Wi l l i am Antony Wh i t l o ck , from 1958 to 1961 Mr Ε G Webber, who became the f o u r t h e d i t o r i n 1961 and 15 yea rs l a t e r succeeded Wi l l iam A r t h u r Whi t lock as managing d i r e c t o r o f the company, had had a d i s t i n g u i s h e d j o u r n a l i s t i c c a r e e r , i nc l ud ing f i v e y e a r s " s e r v i c e overseas as e d i t o r o f the w ζ E.F Times, o f f i c i a l war cor respondent and p u b l i c r e l a t i o n s o f f i c e r , Midd le East

When Mr Webber became managing d i r e c t o r i n 1976, he was succeeded as e d i t o r by Mr L Ε Anderson, who s t i l l holds t ha t o f f i c e Mr Anderson j o i n e d the Herald-Tnbune i n 1951 as a r e p o r t e r s p e c i a l i z i n g i n a g r i c u l t u r e , and, before becoming e d i t o r , had s e r v e d , s u c c e s s i v e l y , as c h i e f r e p o r t e r , news e d i t o r and a s s i s t a n t e d i t o r

Because o f i l l h e a l t h , Mr Webber was fo rced to r e t i r e i n 1979 a f t e r o n l y th ree years as managing d i r e c t o r , though he s t i l l takes a g rea t i n t e r e s t i n the company's a f f a i r s The p resen t managing d i r e c t o r , Mr Κ J S t i n s o n , who was appo in ted on Mr Webber's r e t i r e m e n t , has spent most o f h i s working l i f e w i t h the company He j o i n e d as a c l e r k i n 1948 and l a t e r became an a d v e r t i s i n g salesman Before becoming the com-pany 's c h i e f e x e c u t i v e he had been, v a r i o u s l y , a d v e r t i s i n g manager, company s e c r e t a r y , and general manager

As you w i l l be aware, a merger has l a t e l y been completed between Hawke's Bay News-papers L imi ted (now re-named the Hawke's Bay H e r a l d - T n b u n e L t d ) and the D a i l y T e l e -graph Company L td T h i s has been e f f e c t e d i n the i n c o r p o r a t i o n o f a new hold ing com-pany c a l l e d Hawke's Bay News L i m i t e d , which i s an u n l i s t e d p u b l i c company w i th an a u t h o r i z e d share c a p i t a l o f $1 25 m i l l i o n The merger , recommended by the boards o f the two newspaper companies and unanimously supported by t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e s h a r e h o l d e r s , b r ings toge the r as working par tne rs two o f New Zea land 's major p r o v i n c i a l newspapers

The managing d i r e c t o r o f the new company i s Mr Κ J S t i n s o n , c h i e f e x e c u t i v e o f the Hawke's Bay H e r a l d - T n b u n e L t d , and h is deputy i s Mr J Β Gedd i s , c h i e f e x e c u t i v e o f the D a i l y Te legraph Co L td

Each o f the two papers w i l l con t inue as before I t s e d i t o r i a l and a d v e r t i s i n g independence i s f u l l y guaranteed and i t s day - to -day a d m i n i s t r a t i o n remains under the c o n t r o l o f i t s p resent e x e c u t i v e s As i t was expressed i n the recen t 125th a n n i v e r s a r y supplement o f the Herald-Tnbune, " the Herald-Tnbune now has a ' f a m i l y ' l i n k w i t h i t s o l d r i v a l , the Daily Telegraph But t r ue to the t r a d i t i o n s o f compet i t i veness between the two newspapers, t h i s s t a t e o f a f f a i r s w i l l not be s t i f l e d o r i n h i b i t e d i n any way under the new regime "

J H von Dadelszen Havelock Nor th

8

T H E NEW Z E A L A N D WAR MEDAL I N D E X

AT N A T I O N A L A R C H I V E S

Recent work a t Nat ional A rch i ves has brought to subs tan t i a l completeness an a l phabe t i ca l card index o f men who were l i s t e d as e l i g i b l e , o r who made a p p l i c a t i o n s , f o r the New Zealand War Medal Since i t i s l i k e l y tha t t h i s new source o f access to an important group o f records w i l l be we l l used by r e s e a r c h e r s , i nc l ud ing g e n e a l o g i s t s , i t seems app rop r i a t e to make some exp lana to ry remarks about i t

In a p rev ious a r t i c l e about the medal (Archifacts, ns 20, December 1981), I des-c r i b e d i n general terms the h i s t o r y o f the C o l o n i a l - i s s u e medal I t i s important to remember t h a t , a l though there was on l y one New Zealand War Medal s t r i c t l y speak ing, both the Co lon ia l and Imper ia l governments issued i t to t h e i r own men, under d i f f e r e n t c o n d i t i o n s o f award, and the Imper ia l government employed the C o l o n i a l government as d i s t r i b u t i o n agents f o r a group o f men who had served under Imper ia l c o n t r o l Note t h a t I use "men" to inc lude o f f i c e r s and c i v i l i a n s , as wel l as o the r ranks I t i s t h e r e f o r e conven ien t to cons ide r the medal a p p l i c a t i o n s and issues as d i v i d e d i n t o th ree s t rands

(1) Men o f the Imper ia l Army who served i n the Colony whether d ischarged here o r not

These men were e l i g i b l e to r e c e i v e I m p e r i a l - i s s u e medals, the r o l e o f the Co lon ia l government being to ac t as a condu i t f o r (main ly l a t e ) a p p l i c a t i o n s to the War O f f i c e from New Zealand

(2) Men o f the Co lon ia l fo rces who were t empora r i l y t r a n s f e r r e d i n t o , o r o therw ise employed by the Imper ia l Army i n the Commissariat T ranspo r t Corps

These men were e l i g i b l e to r e c e i v e I m p e r i a l - i s s u e medals, but the actua l p r o -cess ing o f a p p l i c a t i o n s and i s s u i n g o f medals was p laced i n the hands o f the Co lon ia l government who checked the men and p r e - i n s c r i b e d medals o f f aga ins t a l i s t supp l i ed from the War O f f i c e

(3) Men o f the Co lon ia l Fo rces , who might i nc lude ex - Imper ia l men who app l i ed s o l e l y on account o f t h e i r s e r v i c e i n Co lon ia l corps

These men were e l i g i b l e to r e c e i v e the C o l o n i a l - i s s u e medal, the Imper ia l government was not i n v o l v e d

Nat iona l A rch ives h o l d s , among the a rch i ves o f the Co lon ia l Defence O f f i c e and the Defence O f f i c e , a cons ide rab le q u a n t i t y o f records concern ing the medal, primarily s t rands (2) and (3) as noted above These s u r v i v i n g records do not form a homogeneous s e r i e s , indeed t h e i r appearance in several s e r i e s i s a product o f the l eng thy pe r iod i n which a p p l i c a t i o n s f o r the medal 's award was cons idered and changing a d m i n i s t r a t i v e procedures coupled w i th apparen t l y va ry i ng degrees o f need to c i t e e a r l i e r records The index ing p r o j e c t was t h e r e f o r e i n i t i a t e d p r i m a r i l y as a means o f i d e n t i f y i n g and c o n t r o l l i n g a group o f records w ide l y d i spe rsed w i t h i n the A rch i ves and d i s p a r a t e i n form and conten t I t w i l l , i n a d d i t i o n , be usefu l to readers as a means o f access to a l a rge body o f records concern ing the per iod o f the Land Wars, and the genea log ica l imp l i ca t i ons are p l a i n enough

To the records held i n Nat ional A rch i ves we have added micro f i lmed records from the P u b l i c Record O f f i c e , Eng land , r e l a t i n g to the i ssue o f the Imper ia l medal to Imper ia l men, W 0 100/18 T h i s has v i r t u a l l y doubled the number o f cards i n the i n d e x , to nea r l y 25,000 *

The index has been compiled as a record o f eve ry d i s c e r n i b l e a p p l i c a n t f o r the

The work has been l a r g e l y accomplished by Ρ Ε Ρ workers under s u p e r v i s i o n , Peter Wins ley and Edward Kurmann

9

medal, o r man e l i g i b l e f o r i t where so l i s t e d by the a u t h o r i t i e s I t i s not con f ined to success fu l a p p l i c a t i o n s , nor i s i t in tended on l y as a record o f medals issued And i t exc ludes men who w i l l have f u l f i l l e d the necessary c o n d i t i o n s , f o r whom no a p p l i c a t i o n has been t raced In such cases , medals may tu rn up f o r which there i s no index e n t r y the o n l y way o f d i s c o v e r i n g the ex ten t o f t h i s i s to c o l l e c t as many medal i n s c r i p t i o n s as p o s s i b l e f o r t h i s reason , so i f you have one, p lease w r i t e to Nat ional A rch ives - In the case o f Co lon ia l medals, an a p p l i c a t i o n by the man c la iming the medal was a p r e - c o n d i t i o n f o r r e c e i v i n g i t In the case o f Imper ia l medals, a l -though s i m i l a r a p p l i c a t i o n s do e x i s t , the bulk o f a p p l i c a t i o n s , f o r men s t i l l s e r v i n g , a re no more than l i s t s o f e l i g i b l e men drawn up by the regiments Such l i s t s were a l so the bas is o f medal issues to the Commissariat men, the l i s t s were gazet ted i n New Zea land , and a man mentioned t h e r e i n cou ld then app ly f o r the medal sent out from England and he ld f o r him a t the Co lon ia l Defence O f f i c e

I l l u s t r a t i o n s o f t h ree cards from the index are shown on ρ 11 Apar t from the man's ( r a r e l y woman's) name, and which i s o f course on a l l c a r d s , c r o s s - r e f e r e n c e s are g i ven whenever a l i a s e s , a l t e r n a t i v e s p e l l i n g s o r m i s - s p e l l i n g s have been p o s i -t i v e l y i d e n t i f i e d Maori names have a l so been e x t e n s i v e l y c r o s s - r e f e r e n c e d , but i n e v i t a b l y the re w i l l be some undetected I t i s not n e c e s s a r i l y p o s s i b l e to t e l l from the card whether the man rece i ved a medal Looking a t the th ree examples, Edward F r o s t o b v i o u s l y never r ece i ved h i s , because i t was re -engraved For Matthew Donald and James Ford re fe rence must be made to the documentation indexed Donald did r e c e i v e h i s medal but Ford apparen t l y d id not (see i l l u s t r a t i o n s pp 10, 12)

Turn ing to the d e t a i l on the cards

1 For cards compiled from W 0 100/18 a d i s t i n c t i v e stamp has been u t i l i z e d , and the in fo rmat ion p rov ided i s regimental number, o r the no ta t i on ' o f f i c e r ' , regiment o r c o r p s , and a page re fe rence to Nat iona l A r c h i v e s ' p r i n t o u t o f the m ic ro f i lm

2,3 Fo r cards compiled from o r i g i n a l sources he ld i n Nat iona l A r c h i v e s , the i n f o r -mation t ha t may appear i s more v a r i o u s , and may i nc lude

( a ) rank and corps o f the man,

(b ) the ac t i ons i n which he took p a r t ,

( c ) the date o f a p p l i c a t i o n and award o f the medal, and /o r the date range o f the a p p l i c a t i o n f i l e ,

( d ) a no ta t i on t ha t h i s medal (never rece i ved ) was l a t e r re -engraved f o r another c l a iman t , o r the reve rse no ta t i on i n d i c a t i n g i ssue o f such a re-engraved medal,

( e ) the A r c h i v e s ' r e f e r e n c e codes to the documents where in the d e t a i l s may be found The no ta t i on ' C T C i n d i c a t e s the Commissariat medal l i s t s p r i n t e d i n A J H R 1871, G-7 , pp 1-9, o r i g i n a l s i n AD31/26 Medal Papers The c i r c l e d no ta t i ons ' B C and 'WC i n d i c a t e r e s p e c t i v e l y b lue o r wh i te covered f i l e s w i t h i n the mam group o f s u r v i v i n g a p p l i c a t i o n s (The prime s i g n i f i c a n c e o f these d i f f e r e n t f i l e s e r i e s has y e t to be determined )

The amount o f documentation a v a i l a b l e , and the in fo rmat ion i t may c o n t a i n , v a r i e d enormously f o r i n d i v i d u a l Co lon ia l medal a p p l i c a t i o n s I t would range from no more than a name on a l i s t o f unclaimed medals, to a s u b s t a n t i a l f i l e There may be severa l d i f f e r e n t p laces to search A p p l i c a t i o n s , o r e l i g i b i l i t y f o r Imper ia l men, as docu-mented by W 0 100/18 i s n a t u r a l l y more uni form i n cha rac te r (We have not exp lo red the f u l l range o f documentation which might e x i s t i n the Pub l i c Record O f f i c e and elsewhere The o r i g i n a l documents are the l i s t s o f men from the regiments and corps who served i n the Colony 1845-47 and 1861-66, forwarded t o t h e Ad ju tan t -Genera l i n 1869 and 1870 They i nc lude e f f e c t i v e s , and n o n - e f f e c t i v e s , and can be shown to have been used as a check on medal c laims u n t i l a t l e a s t 1911 There are v a r i a t i o n s i n the in fo rmat ion recorded but the r o l l s g e n e r a l l y show.

10

N K W / . ! · . \ l \ \ l > M I L I T A R Y l O U C L N .

M,//,«.;,.,: /<, Jot) , ;·<;ο

MAORI WAR MEDAL CLAIM ,

o

I I >« ' • " » fiL.ts. / * , « • , ' . ! - . ' , ' / W /..,!.,„,I I I , , - /

' , / \ / ' / ί ' //',,// ,1/

. • -T ' x ra . i

I ns t ruc t i on to re-engrave Ε. F r o s t ' s New Zealand War Medal for i ssue to Matthew Donald, 15 December 1913, and Dona ld ' s rece ip t for the medal, 19 December 1913. AD32: MW394, National A r c h i v e s , Wel l ington

^ R E C E I P T FOR A NEW ZEALAND WAR MEDAL.

/. 11 WXttl \JUAT Û i-Η uxXct. hereby acknowledge to have received from the General Officer Commanding the

New Zealand Forées a NEW ZEALAND WAR MEDAL awarded to

me for services rendered with the

Dated ai

teo/<i/<»-iT>Wl

Signeture of Recipient ; ίΗΜΪÍl~> fit Χ /d

fit Ai Á > ;

(¿c^Jn^ , this /j3 * day of

11

/W t i » Ou-m?j

W . U 1 0 0 / 1 8 r l f e 4 Η ί Τ Λ ι g/"-.

Ν , Ζ , ·'Λ/ a r M e o a ί ^ G o . f .

Three cards from the New Zealand War Medal Index, National A r c h i v e s , Wel l ington

Re

gis

ter

of

New

Ze

ala

nd

War

M

edal

fo

r 2n

d B

att

ali

on

, 1

8th

R

eg

ime

nt,

sh

ow

ing

cro

ss

ed

en

try

for

Jam

es

Fo

rd,

reg

ime

nta

l n

o.

16

43

. W

.0.1

00

/18

, P

ub

lic

Re

cord

O

ffic

e,

En

gla

nd

-m

icro

film

co

py

in

Na

tio

na

l A

rch

ive

s,

We

llin

gto

n (R

ep

ro

18

F).

13

(a ) For e f f e c t i v e s , ι e , men s t i l l se rv ing when the r o l l s were compi led rank, regimental number f o r n o n - o f f i c e r s , and per iod o f s e r v i c e i n New Zealand Sometimes the engagements i n which the man took pa r t are d e t a i l e d

(b ) For n o n - e f f e c t i v e s , who had d ied o r o therwise l e f t the reg iment , there i s sometimes, a d d i t i o n a l l y , the date and reason f o r becoming non-e f f e c t i v e T h i s i s nea r l y always the date o f d ischarge

The r o l l s c a r r y a range o f a n n o t a t i o n s , the s i g n i f i c a n c e o f which cannot now be f u l l y determined by the Pub l i c Record O f f i c e However, a number o f them - such as the l e t t e r R - almost c e r t a i n l y s i g n i f y i ssue and r e c e i p t o f the medal

The in fo rmat ion p rov ided by W 0 100/18 can be used as a means o f access to the major c l a s s o f m ic ro f i lmed records o f Imper ia l t roops i n New Zealand he ld a t Nat iona l A rch i ves W 0 12 Q u a r t e r l y pay l i s t s and muster books Except f o r those men who submitted m i l i t a r y land claims between 1882 and 1910, i t has h i t h e r t o been imposs ib le to l o c a t e an Imper ia l s o l d i e r w i t hou t knowing h i s reg iment , except by conduct ing a v e r y time-consuming search Now, the medal index w i l l match a name w i th a reg iment , and a regimental number tha t can be used to conf i rm an i d e n t i t y

I t must be noted, however, t ha t the medal index i s NOT an index to W 0 12 Not a l l the men i n the l a t t e r source w i l l be found i n the index I t has not been poss i b l e to e s t a b l i s h the pa t t e rn o f omissions throughout W 0 100/18 but some o f them can be i d e n t i f i e d notab ly the r o l l s o f the 96th regiment ( long miss ing) and the S t a f f Ne i the r Cameron nor Chute are i n the index And I suspec t , but have not y e t been able to con f i rm , t h a t the r o l l s f o r the 58th regiment are incomplete Nat iona l A rch i ves has not i d e n t i f i e d records o f Royal Navy o r Marine medals, i t i s hoped to ob ta in m ic ro -f i l m r e l a t i n g to these from the Pub l i c Record O f f i c e i n due course A l r e a d y , however, the index has proved use fu l f o r Nat iona l A r c h i v e s ' s t a f f answering re fe rence e n q u i r i e s , and usage w i l l c e r t a i n l y inc rease as i t becomes b e t t e r known, and when i t i s a v a i l a b l e i n the pub l i c re fe rence cata logues l a t e r t h i s yea r

M H S Stevens We l l i ng ton

M A O R I M A N U S C R I P T C O L L E C T I N G

(A discussion paper presented to ARANZ Council, 11 February 1983)

There can be few o f us who care f o r o r use Maori manuscr ipt and a r c h i v a l c o l l e c t i o n s who are not aware tha t they do not r e c e i v e the same degree o f arrangement and d e s c r i p -t i o n as c o l l e c t i o n s i n E n g l i s h As Maori a t t i t u d e s change and more people are w i l l i n g f o r t h e i r records to be depos i ted i n pub l i c i n s t i t u t i o n s , we must a l l develop b e t t e r ways o f dea l ing w i t h t h i s mater ia l

Few i n s t i t u t i o n s have s t a f f members ab le to read M a o r i , and w i th the knowledge o f t r i b a l h i s t o r y necessary f o r the f u l l d e s c r i p t i o n o f Maori c o l l e c t i o n s , a l though severa l have been making good use o f c o n t r a c t workers I t seems sens ib l e then to make use o f the people and e x p e r t i s e t ha t i s around i n a c o - o p e r a t i v e way, and f o r i n s t i t u -t i ons to th ink s e r i o u s l y and d i scuss toge ther the ways they might use to make t h e i r Maori c o l l e c t i o n s more a c c e s s i b l e to r e s e a r c h e r s , and a t the same time inc rease the conf idence o f p o s s i b l e donors i n us so t ha t they fee l more i n c l i n e d to make use o f our f a c i l i t i e s when they a re c o n s i d e r i n g the f u t u r e o f t h e i r f am i l y papers

T h i s paper i s in tended o n l y as an i n t r o d u c t i o n to the i s s u e , and to l e t ARANZ members know what i s being done a t Tu rnbu l l and how we may be o f use to o the r i n s t i t u -t i o n s For many years anyth ing i n Maori i n the T u r n b u l l c o l l e c t i o n s , as e lsewhere , has had v e r y b r i e f and o f t en i naccu ra te ca ta logue d e s c r i p t i o n - thus severa l thousand

14

l e t t e r s i n Maori are l o s t under such broad headings as Maori l e t t e r s i n i n v e n t o r i e s However we were ab le to c rea te a j ob to deal s o l e l y w i t h the Maori m a t e r i a l , both manuscr ip t and p r i n t e d I t was a t f i r s t env isaged t h a t a p r o j e c t to m i c r o f i l m a l l p r i n t e d Maori ( i n c l u d i n g the va luab le p e r i o d i c a l runs) would be the main task o f t h i s new pe rson , but our m ic ro f i lm f a c i l i t i e s d i d not expand a t the a n t i c i p a t e d ra te and I have t h e r e f o r e concen t ra ted on l i s t i n g , i n d e x i n g , and ca ta logu ing the manuscr ip t c o l l e c t i o n s , o r Maori pa r ts o f them The p r i n t e d Maori p r o j e c t i s however not f o r -go t ten and we hope tha t a r e v i s i o n o f W i l l i a m s ' B i b l i o g r a p h y o f P r i n t ed Maori and a m i c r o f i c h e copy o f each item i n i t w i l l form p a r t o f the 1990 c e l e b r a t i o n p r o j e c t s

I n the course o f my j ob I have a l so v i s i t e d the Hocken L i b r a r y , Auckland I n s t i t u t e and Museum L i b r a r y , Auckland Pub l i c L i b r a r y , and the Canterbury Museum L i b r a r y to make b r i e f su rveys o f t h e i r Maori c o l l e c t i o n s , as these o f t e n r e l a t e c l o s e l y to mater ia l we have, and can thus a s s i s t i n reca ta logu ing I t has a l s o helped i n re fe rence work as I can d i r e c t readers to o the r r e l e v a n t mater ia l i n o the r i n s t i t u t i o n s

As i t seems u n l i k e l y t ha t more jobs l i k e mine w i l l be made, i t would be s e n s i b l e to use the exper ience I have gained over the past t h ree and a h a l f yea rs to a s s i s t the a r c h i v a l community a t l a r g e The r e p o r t i n g system f o r the National Register of Archives and Manuscripts i s a p o s s i b l e avenue to use I am ab le to do a c e r t a i n amount o f t r a v e l l i n g each y e a r , and t h i s cou ld e a s i l y be used to v i s i t o the r i n s t i t u t i o n s to help desc r i be and ca ta logue t h e i r Maori c o l l e c t i o n s and prepare NRAM forms f o r them

The whole i s s u e o f c o l l e c t i n g Maori a r c h i v a l mate r ia l i s one which r a i s e s a num-ber o f impor tant quest ions which would be b e t t e r d i scussed f u l l y a t Conference l e v e l There i s c e r t a i n l y no p lace f o r an a c t i v e c o l l e c t i n g programme i n t h i s a r e a , but a t the same time i n s t i t u t i o n s should be prepared to accept any c o l l e c t i o n s o f f e r e d to them, o r to r e f e r donors to those i n s t i t u t i o n s which can keep them adequate ly I w i l l b r i e f l y o u t l i n e what we can do a t T u r n b u l l as t h i s might he lp anyone i n the p o s i t i o n o f a d v i s i n g a p o t e n t i a l donor , o r someone wo r r i ed about how to keep t h e i r f am i l y papers

1 Accept o u t r i g h t g i f t o f a c o l l e c t i o n - w i t h va ry i ng degrees o f access ranging from t o t a l l y u n r e s t r i c t e d , to access o n l y w i t h the permiss ion o f the head o f the f am i l y

2 A f am i l y can br ing a c o l l e c t i o n to u s , which we w i l l a r r ange , desc r i be and c a t a -l o g u e , and put i n t o a c i d f r e e f o l d e r s and boxes and r e t u r n to the f a m i l y keeping a m i c r o f i l m copy ou rse l ves T h i s m ic ro f i lm copy can be as r e s t r i c t e d as necessa ry , even to the ex ten t o f having no record o f i t i n any p u b l i c f i l e , ι e , i t i s kept as a s e c u r i t y copy on l y - not f o r re fe rence purposes

3 We keep the o r i g i n a l s and r e t u r n to the fam i l y a f u l l se t o f photocopies f o r t h e i r own use

To these we are now i n the p o s i t i o n to add -

4 Another i n s t i t u t i o n cou ld send us a c o l l e c t i o n to be o rgan ised and l i s t e d , the o r i g i n a l papers are re tu rned to the i n s t i t u t i o n ( t h i s keeps the c o l l e c t i o n i n i t s own area) o r to the f a m i l y , and Tu rnbu l l and /o r the i n s t i t u t i o n keeps a m ic ro f i lm o r photo-copy

5 Another i n s t i t u t i o n , ac t i ng as an i n te rmed ia ry , cou ld send us a c o l l e c t i o n which we would keep, r e tu rn i ng photocopies t o them, along w i th a l l the ca ta logu ing data and i n v e n t o r i e s

The Maori communit ies' conf idence i n pub l i c i n s t i t u t i o n s w i l l on l y grow i f we can show t h a t we know what to do w i th Maori mater ia l when we ge t i t , i f we are s e n s i t i v e to the v a r i o u s r e s t r i c t i o n s they are l i k e l y to want p laced on t h e i r c o l l e c t i o n s , and i f , as r e a d e r s , they f i n d , i n the pub l i c ca ta l ogues , re fe rences which w i l l lead them to the mater ia l they are i n t e r e s t e d i n

Sharon De l l (Maori Manuscr ip ts L i b r a r i a n ) A lexander Tu rnbu l l L i b r a r y

15

SOME N O T E S ON T H E CANTERBURY MUSEUM MAP CATALOGUE

The g rea t bulk o f the th ree thousand maps he ld by the Canterbury Museum r e l a t e s to the Canterbury Prov ince They date from pre-1850 to the present day , but the m a j o r i t y cover the f i r s t seventy yea rs o f the European set t lement o f Canterbury The Lands and Survey Department i s o f course the fons et ongo o f most i f not a l l New Zealand maps and any o ther s p e c i a l i s e d maps have depended on the f i rm base e s t a b l i s h e d by t h i s department T h i s f a c t and o thers emerged dur ing the p repa ra t i on o f card indexes arid the f i l i n g o f the maps and the subsequent compi la t ion o f a ca ta logue f o r the Museum (See Canterbury Museum Spec ia l P u b l i c a t i o n )

Three years ago, approx imate ly 800 o f the maps i n the Museum were mounted and s to red e i t h e r i n v e r t i c a l cab ine ts o r i n l i n e n bags, the balance being unsor ted The s to red maps were i n good c o n d i t i o n p a r t i c u l a r l y those i n the v e r t i c a l f i l i n g cab ine ts However the f i l i n g and index systems were rud imentary , incomplete and o f l i t t l e va lue i n l o c a t i n g s p e c i f i c items o r s p e c i f i c maps I t was t he re fo re decided to des ign and put a new system in to ope ra t i on

T h i s system c o n s i s t e d o f the comp i la t ion o f an Access ion Catalogue T h i s was to be augmented by the comp i la t i on o f a Sub jec t Card Index The access ion ca ta logue card f o r each map showed l o c a t i o n , t i t l e , s c a l e , e t c , e t c , p r o j e c t i o n , e t c , etc T h i s was fo l l owed by a f a i r l y d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n o f the in fo rmat ion on the map i nc l ud ing i t s s to rage re fe rence These cards were i n t e n s i v e l y i temised on to the sub jec t card i n d e x , each card o f which l i s t s many map re fe rences T h i s system purpor ted to a l l ow any en -q u i r y to be loca ted i n the s u b j e c t index thence to the app rop r i a te card o f the acces -s i o n ca ta logue which enables the most s u i t a b l e maps to be se lec ted and obta ined from s torage

Besides i t s own maps under the C MU l i s t i n g and number, the Museum prov ides s torage space f o r about 220 maps on loan from the Lands and Survey Department These were s to red i n l i n e n bags i n good c o n d i t i o n but the f i l i n g and index systems were i n the same rudimentary s t a te as the Museum maps These Lands and Survey maps were l i k e -wise indexed i n a separate and p a r a l l e l system

As to the matter o f map s t o r a g e , the Museum a l ready had i n ex i s tence a l i n e n bag system and the c a p a c i t y o f the Museum storage i n such bags was increased to s to re about 220 maps Besides t h i s , a programme o f mounting maps f o r v e r t i c a l s torage had been undertaken over the yea rs and approx imate ly 500 maps had been mounted and s to red i n s tee l v e r t i c a l f i l i n g cab ine ts These maps had been rough ly so r ted i n t o ca tego r i es but no l i s t i n g had been made The r e s t o f the maps i n the Museum were i n general un-sor ted and unstored Some drawer space i n cab ine ts cou ld be found but what was a v a i l -ab le was t o t a l l y inadequate f o r the maps unsorted However a generous g i f t o f map cab ine ts was unexpected ly made and an adequate amount o f drawer space became a v a i l a b l e , the so le problem remaining being to persuade the r o l l e d and unrecorded maps to r e l a x and be f i l e d

Aper tu re card cop ies o f the Lands and Survey s e r i e s have been made as wel l as some o f the Museum maps such as the Canterbury Land D i s t r i c t Sale maps The Museum a l so has an Aper tu re card coverage o f o ld Record and Survey D i s t r i c t maps and the o l d and new Town s e r i e s cove r ing C h r i s t c h u r c h and Timaru At present the number o f Aper tu re cards i s over 3,000 and growing More use f o r casual v iewing o f maps by the pub l i c i s being made o f these cards

I t i s necessary t ha t c e r t a i n s e r i e s and p u b l i c a t i o n s o f new maps be acqu i red f o r use by o ther departments o f the Museum and f o r a r c h i v a l purposes These have been i n -c luded i n the Indexes and the Cata logue The l a rge and growing map c o l l e c t i o n o f the Ρ J Ske l le rup A n t a r c t i c L i b r a r y i s a s p e c i a l i s e d and separate c o l l e c t i o n under the cus tod iansh ip o f J o s i e Laing whose help and adv ice i n index ing the C MU s e r i e s was i n v a l u a b l e , p a r t i c u l a r l y so as the w r i t e r and compi le r i s a r e t i r e d land su rveyo r who had o r i g i n a l l y a complete ly d i f f e r e n t approach to map index ing Pub l i sh ing an Addendum

16

to t h i s ca ta logue combined w i t h an A n t a r c t i c Cata logue seems to be the nex t s tep F i n a l l y f o r the r e c o r d , the combined C MU and Lands and Survey c o l l e c t i o n approaches some 3,000 separate sheets o f maps and i s growing

B r i an Love!1-Smi th Chr i ,s tchurch

(Note Cante rbury Museum spec ia l p u b l i c a t i o n Maps m the Canterbury Museum Library, a subject catalogue, comp by B r i a n L o v e l l - S m i t h 1982 A v a i l a b l e from Canterbury Museum L i b r a r y P r i ce $3 00 + 25 cents postage )

M A R J O R I E P A R K , C O N S E R V A T O R , B N Z A R C H I V E S

On 18 February we r e g r e t f u l l y i bade fa rewe l l t o M a r j o r i e Park M a r j o r i e o f f e r e d her s e r v i c e s to the Bank to se t up the Conserva t ion Labora to ry and commenced work on 18 August 1980 Before she came, she supe rv i sed the des ign and i n s t a l l a t i o n o f the bas ic equipment f o r the l a b o r a t o r y , namely a fume cupboard and a l i g h t - t a b l e We were a l r eady the proud possessors o f a tack ing i r o n , a p a i r o f r a t he r small s i n k s , a steam i r o n (no th ing to do w i th the a r c h i v i s t ' s s h i r t s ) , vacuum c leane r and one o r two o ther small items

M a r j o r i e began her t r a i n i n g i n 1974 under Rosemary C o l l i e r i n the unenv iab le con -d i t i o n s o f the basement o f Bor thwick House where Nat iona l A rch i ves was then l oca ted La te r she operated from the f i r s t f l o o r o f A i r New Zealand House, the present home o f Nat ional A rch i ves There she t r a i n e d numerous t y r o s i n the c r a f t mystery o f conse r -v a t i o n , i nc l ud ing the present t e c h n i c i a n , Robert K e r r - H i s l o p She a l s o t u t o r e d i n paper conse rva t i on techniques a t courses organ ised by such august bodies as the Sta te Se rv i ces Commission and ARANZ

R is ing ever upwards, Mar jo r i e ascended to the g iddy he ights o f the second f l o o r o f the BNZ in Courtenay Place m 1980, where t h i s s t o r y commenced Since then , to the rhythmic sounds emanating from Dr J o h n ' s D i s c o , Ma r j o r i e has g r a d u a l l y b u i l t up the equipment i n the Conserva t ion Labora tory We have accessioned a Maggilamp, a magnetic h o t p l a t e / s t i r r e r , a thermo-hygrograph (use fu l f o r weather p r e d i c t i o n s ) , d r y i ng racks and a s tock o f r e p a i r papers

We sha l l miss Mar j o r i e from morning and a f te rnoon teas when she rega led us w i th the l a t e s t developments i n her house moving from Master ton to I s l a n d Bay to Wadestown We thought husband John must be i n the Real Es ta te business but i n f a c t he i s a watch-maker He has been o f f e red work i n England and s o , i n s p i t e o f the long co l d g rey w in te r s and s h o r t cool g rey summers ove r t h e r e , they w i l l be l eav ing b reezy young We l l i ng ton f o r the anc ien t ca thedra l c i t y o f Norwich

The New Zealand conse rva t i on scene w i l l be the poorer f o r M a r j o r i e ' s d e p a r t u r e , e s p e c i a l l y as she was a founder member o f the S o c i e t y f o r C u l t u r a l Conserva to rs i n We l l i ng ton We a r e , however, welcoming M i c h e l l e Penge l l y o f Nelson (sometime of Co rn -w a l l ) to commence a new era i n conse rva t i on a t the BNZ A rch i ves

Robin G r i f f i n Bank o f New Zealand A r c h i v e s , We l l i ng ton

Arcñltacts iMtj/i

Supplement

I I R E C O R D S M A N A G E M E N T N E W S L E T T E R

The Records Management Committee o f ARANZ arranged a meeting a t 12 o ' c l o c k on 27 January 1983 w i th a guest speaker from A u s t r a l i a , Mr J . Eddis L i n t o n , o f Amalgamated Wi re less A u s t r a l i a .

Rosemary C o l l i e r opened the meeting by reques t ing f e e l i n g from the f l o o r as to whether the Records Management Committee should c o n t i n u e . The consensus was t h a t i t should do so . Miss C o l l i e r then in t roduced the speaker who, a l though based across the Tasman, was c u r r e n t l y v i s i t i n g New Zealand on a b r i e f t o a s s i s t F l e t c h e r Cha l lenge L imi ted w i t h t h e i r r e c o r d s .

Mr L i n ton gave a w ide- rang ing t a l k on records management w i th p a r t i c u l a r re fe rence to t echno log i ca l developments, inter alia, he po in ted out t h a t open she l v i ng was v a s t l y p r e f e r a b l e on c o s t grounds to the ou t -da ted fou r -d rawer f i l i n g c a b i n e t . He noted t ha t money-saving products a re a v a i l a b l e to ho ld f i l e s i n p lace on open she l v i ng by ho ld ing them u p r i g h t , and demonstrated one such p roduc t . He advocated key-word index ing o f f i l e t i t l e s , arguing t h a t a "key-word ou t o f c o n t e x t " (KWOC) index o f f i l e t i t l e s should be a records manager's main index t o o l . However, i t was necessary to have a c o n t r o l l e d v o c a b u l a r y , bes t ach ieved through a thesaurus o f terms used . Any key-word index ing system c r o s s - r e f e r e n c e d a u t o m a t i c a l l y . Mr L i n ton favoured a lpha-numer ic d e s c r i p t o r s f o r papers and she l v i ng them i n numerical o r d e r . With key-word index ing systems, i t was unnecessary to f i l e papers i n a l phabe t i ca l o r d e r .

Some advantages o f updateable m i c ro f i che were mentioned and " o p t i c a l c h a r a c t e r r e c o g n i t i o n systems" were advocated by Mr L i n t o n . In t hese , y o u r i n fo rmat ion can be v i s u a l l y read by a computer. He argued t h a t when s e t t i n g up a system, i f you are going t o computer ise some aspec t such as i n d e x i n g , the e a r l i e r you can i n t roduce an " o . c . r . " system, the b e t t e r . A l l t h a t i s r equ i r ed i s a computer terminal and a t y p e -w r i t e r t h a t can type the o . c . r . t y p e - f a c e .

A f t e r the address the re was a time f o r quest ions and genera l d i s c u s s i o n . Some p a r t i c i p a n t s f e l t t h a t Mr L i n t o n had drawn too c l e a r a l i n e between records managers and a r c h i v i s t s , but a l l agreed t ha t the sess ion had been i n t e r e s t i n g and s t i m u l a t i n g .

(March 1983)

AN A U S T R A L I A N R E C O R D S MANAGER I N W E L L I N G T O N

Jonathan Adams Wei 1 i nq ton .

Facts get twisted when the memory is destroyed

Chubb Fire Protection for Tapes, Discs, Microfilm, Microfiche and Floppy Discs

C omputer data is highly sensitive, especially to

heat. A few degrees above room temperature can distort the information . . . a fire may completely destroy it.

There's no need to take chances with your business. Chubbs NEW Computer and Mini-Computer Data Cabinets keep stored data cool even when the temperature outside reaches 970°C(1800°F).

With your data intact, you're still in business.

Act now to save the lifeblood of your business. Contact your nearest Chubb branch for more information on Chubb Fire Protection of Computer Media.

Chubb protects CHUBB BRANCHES

A u c k l a n d : 24 Burleigh Street . P h . 7 7 0 - 8 9 9

H a m i l t o n : Ward Street . Ph . .191-221

W e l l i n g t o n : 98 D i x o n Street , Ph . 8 4 7 - 6 0 9

Chr i s t church: 9 N e w Regent Street ,

Ph. 6 7 - 3 6 8

D u n e d i n : 35 H o p e Street , Ph . 7 4 0 - 6 4 0

C Ï I 4 7 0 & M

iii

A B A T T L E I N P R O G R E S S : P A L M E R S T O N NORTH C I T Y C O R P O R A T I O N

At the last ARANZ Conference (Dunedin, August 1982), the following extracts from the minutes of the Palmerston North City Corporation Departmental Heads Committee, 3 December 1980, were presented as an illustration of a means of achieving the desirable resources in a local authority records situation.

D e f i n i t i o n o f O b j e c t i v e s : 'Reso lved t h a t the f o l l o w i n g statements be adopted as the broad o b j e c t i v e s f o r records management w i t h i n the C o r p o r a t i o n :

1. To c o n t r i b u t e to the p r o d u c t i v i t y o f the c o r p o r a t i o n through the p r o v i s i o n o f h igh q u a l i t y i n fo rmat ion s e r v i c e s from the s t o r e o f reco rds and a r c h i v e s .

2. To mainta in the s e c u r i t y o f va luab le and c o n f i d e n t i a l r e c o r d s . 3. To reduce the c o s t s o f keeping reco rds and o f p r o v i d i n g the s e r v i c e to

u s e r s . '

D e f i n i t i o n o f Standards: 'Reso lved t ha t the f o l l o w i n g standards o f records manage-ment be adopted:

1. E f f i c i e n t o r g a n i s a t i o n o f r e c o r d s : A l l records to be arranged i n a c c o r -dance w i th pre-determined systems which are designed to f i l e the records i n ( a ) an o r d e r l y manner ( b ) a complete manner ( i . e . i n t e g r i t y o f f i l e s to be ma in ta ined ) .

2. Rapid r e t r i e v a l o f i n f o r m a t i o n ; A l l records to be ( a ) r e a d i l y a c c e s s i b l e to users ( b ) adequate ly indexed ( i f p o s s i b l e , on an accepted co rpo ra te -w ide b a s i s ) ( c ) e f f i c i e n t l y t r a n s f e r r e d from s to rage areas to u s e r s .

3. Adequate p r o t e c t i o n o f r e c o r d s : a l l records to be p rov ided w i th (a ) ade-quate packag ing- to p r o t e c t aga ins t damage dur ing normal use (b ) adequate s e c u r i t y - t o p r o t e c t a g a i n s t damage by f i r e , f l o o d , t h e f t and vanda l ism.

D e f i n i t i o n o f S t a f f R e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s : 'Reso lved t ha t the day - to -day management o f a l l records be the r e s p o n s i b i l i t y o f the f o l l o w i n g o f f i c e r s : ( a ) Departmental Heads to have con t ro l o f the c u r r e n t records o f t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e departments ( b ) The Records and A r c h i v e s Manager to have c o n t r o l o f the s e m i - c u r r e n t , non -cu r ren t and a r c h i v a l records o f a l l departments.

'Reso lved t ha t the Town C l e r k prepare a schedule o f du t i es f o r the p o s i t i o n o f Records and A r c h i v e s Manager to i nc lude the f o l l o w i n g s p e c i f i c d u t i e s : ( a ) To adv i se Depar t -mental Heads on the most e f f i c i e n t ways and means o f managing c u r r e n t records under the c o n t r o l o f Departmental Heads ( b ) To i n v e s t i g a t e ways and means o f improving the c o - o r d i n a t i o n o f departmental reco rds systems ( c ) To implement and main ta in an e f f i c i -ent r e t e n t i o n and d isposa l schedule f o r the records o f a l l departments ( d ) To main-t a i n e f f i c i e n t management o f a l l s e m i - c u r r e n t , non -cu r ren t and a r c h i v a l records ( e ) To supe rv i se the work and t r a i n i n g o f a l l s t a f f appointed to the Records O f f i c e o f the Town C l e r k ' s Department, and to adv i se Departmental Heads on the t r a i n i n g o f s t a f f r e s p o n s i b l e f o r c u r r e n t reco rds w i t h i n t h a t depar tment . '

'Reso lved t ha t the Town C le r k make p r o v i s i o n f o r a sum o f money to be p laced on the annual est imates f o r s p e c i f i c use by the Records and A rch i ves Manager i n c a r r y i n g out the du t i es l i s t e d a b o v e . '

Ian Matheson Palmerston North C i t y C o r p o r a t i o n .

C E N T R A L GOVERNMENT R E C O R D - K E E P I N G , 1 9 1 2 - 1 4

I n 1912 the Hunt Commission " t o i n q u i r e and r e p o r t upon the u n c l a s s i f i e d departments o f the P u b l i c S e r v i c e o f New Zea land" presented i t s f i n d i n g s , which were p r i n t e d i n the Appendices to the Journals of the House of Representatives ( abb rev ia ted to A.J.H.R.)

NATIONAL ARCHIVES

T h e National Archives hold a unique col-lection of materials documenting the administrative, political, economic and cultural development of New Zealand.

ters, books, maps and plans, photographs, microfilm, war art, politicians' papers and general reference works provide infor-mation relevant to a diverse range of scholarly and genealogical interests.

ÎÊSÊSA, National Archives of New Zealand t K B * B w ^ New Zealand Building, JllwaPW 1 2 9 - 4 1 v i v i a n Street, Wellington, N.Z. ^WmW P.O. Box 6148 Te Aro.

Public records in the form of files.

ν

t h a t y e a r as paper H-34. " U n c l a s s i f i e d departments"embraced a l l c i v i l c e n t r a l g o v e r n -ment agencies w i t h the excep t i on o f Rai lways and Post O f f i c e . Cons ide rab le a t t e n t i o n was g i v e n to the records o f government:

We have t r i e d to look a t the whole mat ter from a bus iness p o i n t o f v i e w , bear ing i n mind c e r t a i n d i f f e r e n c e s which must always e x i s t between p r i v a t e businesses and the business o f a c o u n t r y . Records o f a l l k inds have to be kept f o r much l onge r pe r iods i n a Government S e r v i c e than i n any o u t s i d e bus iness , and they have t h e r e f o r e to be a l l v e r y c a r e f u l l y f i l e d away so t h a t they can be e a s i l y r e f e r r e d t o , no matter how f a r back i t may be neces-sa ry to i n q u i r e . Sometimes i n a Government S e r v i c e i t i s necessary to look i n t o records da t ing back to the beginn ing o f the c o u n t r y . Then , many t h i ngs have to be kept i n much more d e t a i l than would be r e q u i r e d from an o r d i n a r y business po in t o f v i e w , because o f the e x t e n s i v e r e t u r n s t h a t are c o n t i n u a l l y being asked f o r by members o f Par l iament on a l l s o r t s o f unexpected p o i n t s , (p .10)

The r e p o r t a t t h i s p o i n t d i g ressed to an a t tack on the number o f these r e t u r n s which took so long to prepare and were " o f l i t t l e o r no va lue when f i n i s h e d " . L a t e r , how-e v e r , sus ta ined a t t e n t i o n was g i v e n to the s u b j e c t o f r e c o r d s , i n c l u d i n g t h e i r s a f e -keeping:

We made a f a i r l y f u l l i n s p e c t i o n o f the systems o f r e c o r d i n g , f i l i n g , and c a r r y i n g on correspondence g e n e r a l l y i n the v a r i o u s Head O f f i c e s o f the d i f f e r e n t Departments i n W e l l i n g t o n , and a l so a number o f the branch o f f i c e s s i t u a t e d i n Dunedin, C h r i s t c h u r c h , and Auck land. G e n e r a l l y speak ing , the system o f f i l i n g away the correspondence i s one o f f i l i n g under s u b j e c t s , but t h i s i s about the on l y th ing common to the methods adopted by the va r i ous Departments and branches. There i s no u n i f o r m i t y about the v a r i o u s systems. Each Department (and i n many cases the separa te branches o f the same Department) has a system o f i t s own, w i t h methods o f f i l i n g , r e c o r d i n g , i n d e x i n g , and genera l t reatment d i f f e r i n g from those adopted i n o ther Depa r t -ments. A c l e r k accustomed to the handl ing and f i l i n g o f correspondence i n one Department wou ld , f o r some T i t t l e t ime, be q u i t e l o s t on going i n t o another Department u n t i l he learned the new system; and even the Record C le r k i n one branch o f f i c e would f i n d on being t r a n s f e r r e d to another branch o f the same Department t h a t the system o f r e c o r d i n g , & c , was e n t i r e l y new to him, and he would have to l e a r n i t a f r e s h . In one Department i n We l l i ng ton ( t h e Department o f A g r i c u l t u r e ) we found i n e x i s t e n c e f i v e separate reco rd ing and correspondence sys tems, one f o r each o f the f o u r main d i v i s i o n s i n t o which the Department i s d i v i d e d , and the f i f t h f o r the S e c r e t a r y ' s o f f i c e ; and each o f these f i v e systems was worked on e n t i r e l y d i f f e r e n t l i n e s from the o t h e r s . The Record C le rk i n one d i v i s i o n knew l i t t l e o r nothing o f the method adopted i n another d i v i s i o n , and would be q u i t e l o s t f o r a w h i l e i f he had to take i t up. When a l e t t e r reaches the Head O f f i c e o f the Depar t -ment and requ i res to be at tended to by one o f the d i v i s i o n s , the process gone through i s to acknowledge the l e t t e r from the S e c r e t a r y ' s o f f i c e , s t a t i n g t ha t i t i s being passed to a c e r t a i n d i v i s i o n f o r a t t e n t i o n . I t i s then recorded on t h e i r f i l e s and sent on to the d i v i s i o n which has to a t tend to i t , t oge the r w i t h a copy o f the acknowledgment t ha t has a l r e a d y been sent o u t . T h i s process takes a day o r s o , and when the l e t t e r a r r i v e s a t the d i v i s i o n which has to a t tend to i t the whole round o f r e c o r d i n g , f i l i n g , and r e p l y i n g i s done over a g a i n . T h i s Department would be much b e t t e r i f i t had one reco rd ing and cor respond ing branch f o r the whole Department. I t would mean economy, prevent d e l a y s , and g i v e increased e f f i c i e n c y a l l round .

What i s r e q u i r e d i s a uni form s tandard i zed system o f r e c o r d i n g , f i l i n g , and dea l ing w i t h correspondence t ha t should be adopted th roughout the whole Government S e r v i c e . We th ink a tho rough ly q u a l i f i e d o f f i c e r shou ld be s e l e c -ted (and we may say t h a t we have met i n the S e r v i c e men we l l f i t t e d f o r the w o r k ) , and he should be turned loose amongst the v a r i o u s reco rd ing and c o r r e s -ponding systems c a r r i e d out by the P u b l i c S e r v i c e th roughout the Dominion,

vi

and a f t e r he has gone i n t o them tho rough l y he shou ld dev i se a p roper s tandard system f o r the whole S e r v i c e . Such a system would r e q u i r e s l i g h t m o d i f i c a t i o n s f o r s p e c i a l Departments, but i n the main i t cou ld be a s tandard sys tem, so t h a t i f a Record C l e r k were t r a n s f e r r e d from one Department to another he would unders tand the system o f h i s new Department a t once . We are sure t h a t i f t h i s were done i t would no t o n l y s i m p l i f y the whole method o f dea l i ng w i t h c o r r e s -pondence th roughout the S e r v i c e , and reduce l a r g e l y the work o f a t tend ing to i t , but i t would a l s o enable the Board o f Management to keep some check on the s i z e o f the d i f f e r e n t s t a f f s employed on t h i s work i n the v a r i o u s Depar t -ments and b ranches . We may add t h a t the system adopted by the Defence Department i s we l l c a r r i e d o u t , and appeared to us to have some admirable f e a t u r e s , (pp.74-75)

Rather than con t i nue w i t h the Commission's r e p o r t , which was v e r y c r i t i c a l o f the st rongrooms i n the main Government B u i l d i n g s , we can f o l l o w t h e i r thoughts f o r a new, " s t a n d a r d " reco rd -keep ing system. A committee was subsequent ly appo in ted t o i n q u i r e i n t o the reco rds systems o f the Government Departments housed i n We l l i ng ton and i t s r e p o r t ( o f 10 February 1913) was p r i n t e d as Appendix A to the 1st Report o f the P u b l i c S e r v i c e Commissioner, A . J . H . R . , 1913, H-34. A f t e r su rvey ing the book r e c o r d systems and the y e a r l y numbering o f f i l e s , the committee came ou t s t r o n g l y i n f a v o u r o f the " s e r i e s " system which i s now commonplace i n most departments:

The method o f keeping f i l e s i n s e r i e s i s one t ha t appears to be the ( a ) most e f f i c i e n t , ( b ) most economica l , ( c ) s i m p l e s t ; and , i n a d d i t i o n , the o n l y one t h a t lends i t s e l f f o r the fo rmat ion o f a un i form system i n the v a r i o u s Departments.

I t i s found t h a t i n many Departments v a r i o u s attempts have been made, w i t h more o r l e s s s u c c e s s , to keep papers r e l a t i n g to cognate s u b j e c t s t o g e t h e r . T h i s method has r e s u l t e d i n the fo rmat ion o f the b a s i s o f a s e r i e s sys tem, and shou ld be extended to i n c l ude a l l the f i l e s o f a Department.

To accompl ish t h i s i t w i l l be necessary - ( 1 . ) To make a c l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f the s u b j e c t s d e a l t w i t h . T h i s i s a mat ter o f impor tance, as i t w i l l form the bas is o f the r eco rd system. The c l a s s i f i c a t i o n i s not to be too minute - where any s e r i e s i s l i k e l y to be small i t w i l l g e n e r a l l y be found b e t t e r to group i t w i t h ano ther s e r i e s . ( 2 . ) The c l a s s i f i c a t i o n being made, g i v e to each c l a s s a s e r i e s number, a l l papers o f one c l a s s bear ing the same s e r i e s number, and each separa te s u b j e c t o f the s e r i e s bear ing a sub-number.

For example, i f " B i c y c l e and motor c y c l e s " i s a s e r i e s , and i t s s e r i a l number i s No. 6, e v e r y l e t t e r o r document r e l a t i n g to b i c y c l e s and motor c y c l e s would bear the No. 6 w i t h sub-numbers i n d i c a t i n g i t s p o s i t i o n i n the separa te d i v i s i o n o f the s e r i e s , and the f i l e might run somewhat as f o l l o w s : -

I f i t were found necessary to reco rd any spec ia l p o i n t i n r e s p e c t o f b i -c y c l e s g e n e r a l l y i t would be g i v e n an i n i t i a l number. T h u s , i f i t were found necessary t o r eco rd "Massey -Ha r r i s c o n t r a c t f o r supp ly o f c y c l e s . " t h i s would be 6 / 1 ( 1 ) : 6/1 because i t deals g e n e r a l l y as to b i c y c l e s , 6 /1 (1 ) because i t deals w i t h an item r e l a t i n g to the mat ter o f b i c y c l e s g e n e r a l l y . The next spec ia l p a r t on t h i s genera l f i l e would be 6 / 1 ( 2 ) , and so o n . (p .42 )

6/1. 2. 3. 4 .

B i c y c l e s - General q u e s t i o n s . Motor c y c l e s - General q u e s t i o n s . B i c y c l e s and motor c y c l e s - Palmerston N o r t h . B i c y c l e s and motor c y c l e s - N a p i e r .

The advantages o f the " s e r i e s " system were:

vi i

( 1 . ) Tha t a l l papers r e l a t i n g to the same c l ass o f s u b j e c t are kept f i l e d t o g e t h e r . T h i s w i l l r e s u l t i n a g rea t sav ing o f time when such papers are asked f o r (which happens v e r y f r e q u e n t l y i n severa l Departments) .

( 2 . ) The papers when kept i n t h i s way are much more e a s i l y f i l e d when a c t i o n i s completed. T h i s has been found to be the expe r ience o f Record C le r ks where the system i s i n f u l l , as we l l as o n l y i n p a r t i a l , o p e r a t i o n .

( 3 . ) Important papers can be c l assed t o g e t h e r , as a l s o can unimportant ones. T h i s i s an espec ia l advantage when the ques t i on o f d e s t r u c -t i o n o f the unimportant papers a r i s e s .

( 4 . ) The amount o f r eco rd ing and index ing i s g r e a t l y reduced as compared w i th the y e a r l y s e r i e s . Standard f i l e s i n many cases need o n l y be recorded and indexed once ; whereas ins tances have come under our no t i ce where f i l e s now recorded under the y e a r l y system have been recorded and indexed as many as twe lve times i n a y e a r .

( 5 . ) In the l a r g e r Departments i t has the spec ia l advantage o f enab l ing the f i l e s to be p laced under the c o n t r o l o f i n d i v i d u a l s . Where necessary a b ranch 's work can be taken out and d e a l t w i t h as a whole by the branch, though the records s t i l l form p a r t o f the general r eco rd system o f the o f f i c e .

( 6 . ) I t i s the o n l y system wh i ch , i n our o p i n i o n , renders p r a c t i c a b l e the fo rmat ion o f a uni form system throughout the S e r v i c e .

( 7 . ) Under such a system any Record C le rk shou ld i n a v e r y s h o r t t ime be ab le to o b t a i n a working knowledge o f the records i n any Department -an i m p o s s i b i l i t y under the p resen t systems, (p .43 )

The committee d id not f o resee the d i f f i c u l t i e s which would be encountered i n c l a s s i -f y i n g the sub jec t s Departments would deal w i t h , but an assessment o f the wor th o f t h e changeover i s another s t o r y a l t o g e t h e r .

O V E R S E A S P E R S P E C T I V E S

'The c e n t r a l p r i n c i p l e o f the modern o f f i c e , whether c o r p o r a t e o r government, i s m i s t r u s t and s u s p i c i o n o f f e l l o w employees. The o f f i c e i s based on the presumption t h a t eve ry employee w i l l embezzle un less r e s t r a i n e d by a system o f m u l t i p l e papers and forms. Most o r g a n i z a t i o n s generate more paper i n checking i n t e r n a l t r a n s a c t i o n s than they do f o r e x t e r n a l ones The p o s i t i o n o f the records manager i n the t rans fo rma t ion o f the modern o f f i c e i s s t i l l u n c l e a r . The p r o f e s s i o n on l y arose because o f the con fus ion caused by the excess o f paper . The need f o r s u p e r v i s o r y c o n t r o l ove r i n f o r m a t i o n , whether on paper o r some o t h e r media, can o n l y ga in i n impor tance. The key i s s u e i s who w i l l e x e r c i s e t ha t c o n t r o l The l o s s i n dec is ion-mak ing power by o f f i c e workers and the i nc rease i n work done by machines might a c t t o devalue the p r o f e s s i o n a l knowledge and s ta tus o f the reco rds manager. I f t h i s proves to be the c a s e , ours might be one o f the s h o r t e s t - l i v e d p ro fess ions i n h i s t o r y . '

from James W. O b e r l y , 'The in fo rmat ion r e o l u t i o n i n h i s t o r i c a l p e r s p e c t i v e ' , Records Management Quarterly*16(4), O c t . 1982, pp .5 -8 .

Since 1973 the Un i t ed S ta tes Department o f S ta te has been implementing a new record -keep ing system f o r i t s Cent ra l P o l i c y F i l e , which i s the permanent reco rd o f American f o r e i g n p o l i c y . Under t h i s f u l l - t e x t i n fo rma t ion r e t r i e -val system, r e l i a b l e h igh-speed c o l l e c t i o n , search and r e t r i e v a l o f i n f o r -mation are p o s s i b l e because t e x t s o f documents are s t o r e d both on m i c r o f i l m and d i g i t a l l y i n a computer, r a t h e r than on paper . The Fo re ign A f f a i r s In fo rmat ion System now accumulates more than 800,000 documents each y e a r

( t h r e e t imes the average accumulat ion o f paper documents dur ing the p e r i o d 1954-73).

David H. H e r s c h l e r and Wi l l i am Z . S l a n y , 'The "Paper less O f f i c e " : a case s tudy o f the S ta te Department 's F o r e i g n A f f a i r s In fo rmat ion S y s t e m ' , American Archivist, 4 5 ( 2 ) , 1982, pp.142-154.

' I t i s i r o n i c t h a t so much o f the a r c h i v e s e f f o r t i s expended i n managing reco rds tha t a re c o n t r o l l e d by a g e n c i e s . Agencies c o n t r o l t h e i r records as long as they a re s to red i n Federal Records Centers [ s t a f f e d and mainta ined by the Nat iona l A r c h i v e s ] and sometimes t h a t i s a v e r y long time why can't agencies manage their own records - and pay f o r t h a t process through t h e i r own budgets? Is i t r e a l l y necessary f o r the Nat iona l A r c h i v e s to s t o r e 1RS forms o r the Xrays o f Americans who en te r and are d ischarged from the Army? Managing records i s housekeeping. Eva lua t i ng o r a p p r a i s i n g r e c -o r d s , p r e s e r v i n g those w i t h h i s t o r i c v a l u e , p rocess ing f o r a c c e s s i b i l i t y and p r o v i d i n g r e f e r e n c e work f o r the p u b l i c are p roper r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s f o r a na t i ona l a r c h i v e s tha t i s a c u l t u r a l i n s t i t u t i o n . '

Anna Kasten N e l s o n , ' H i s t o r i a n ' s p e r s p e c t i v e : Cha l lenge o f documenting the Federa l Government i n the l a t t e r 20th c e n t u r y ' , Prologue, 1 4 ( 2 ) , 1982, pp.89-92.

**********

(This N e w s l e t t e r is published twice yearly, as a Supplement to A r c h i f a c t s , and is also distributed separately by the Records Management Committee of the Archives and Records Association of New Zealand Incorporated. Contributions are welcomed, and may be addressed to Michael Hodder, Editor of A r c h i f a c t s , P.O. Box 28-011, Kelburn, Wellington, New Zealand, or to Rosemary Collier, Convenor of the ARANZ Records Management Committee, P.O. Box 11-100, Manners Street, Wellington, New Zealand. Copy deadline for the next issue, September 1983, is 15 August.)

17

C O U N C I L N O T E S

Counci l met on F r i d a y , 11 February 1983 a t T u r n b u l l House, W e l l i n g t o n

ARCHITECTURAL ARCHIVES

Robin G r i f f i n d i scussed w i th Counc i l the d e l i b e r a t i o n s by the ( f r e e - s t a n d i n g ) A r c h i -t e c t u r a l A rch i ves Committee on the d i sposa l o f o r i g i n a l a r c h i t e c t u r a l and eng ineer ing p lans by the Dunedin C i t y Counc i l a f t e r m ic ro f i lm ing Some concern was expressed about the Committee's apparent i n t e r e s t i n p rese rv ing a l l the o r i g i n a l s ( rang ing from plans o f ch icken coops upwards) , p a r t i c u l a r l y when many o f these were p o o r - q u a l i t y copies from o r i g i n a l s r e ta i ned by a r c h i t e c t s The s ta tus o f ARANZ on the Committee, a p o s s i b l e g ran t o f $100 by ARANZ and the conve rs i on o f the Committee to the Nat iona l B u i l d i n g Museum o f New Zealand Inc were d iscussed

NEWSPAPERS

The p o s s i b i l i t y o f mass d e a c i d i f i c a t i o n (as o u t l i n e d 1n American Archivist 4 5 ( 2 ) , 1982, pp 211-212) suggested approaches to the u n i v e r s i t i e s and the Nat iona l L i b r a r y f o r r e -search on s i m i l a r t reatment o f New Zea land 's newspapers I t was noted t h a t the Nat ional L i b r a r i a n was agreeable to r e c e i v i n g a submission from ARANZ on p o l i c y t o -wards the nat iona l newspaper c o l l e c t i o n , such a submission would be prepared by Pe te r M i l l e r and John Angus f o r comment by Jack Churchouse, Ron Kean and Brad Pa t te rson

HANDBOOK ON RECORDS-KEEPING FOR CLUBS AND SOCIETIES

S t u a r t Strachan n o t i f i e d h i s acceptance o f C o u n c i l ' s i n v i t a t i o n to prepare the t e x t f o r t h i s p u b l i c a t i o n (about 20 pages) A b r i e f o u t l i n e would be prepared f o r Counc i l to cons ide r a t i t s nex t meeting (30 A p r i l ) and, i f approved, to submit t o the M i n i s t e r o f I n t e rna l A f f a i r s f o r a g ran t from the Recrea t ion and Spo r t Fund A f i r s t d r a f t was promised f o r the end o f August

BUSINESS ARCHIVES/RECORDS MANAGEMENT

100 e x t r a cop ies o f the Supplement to the December 1982 Archifacts were d i s t r i b u t e d a t the beginning o f February Counc i l approved the idea o f running a combined bus iness a r c h i v e s / r e c o r d s management seminar l a t e r t h i s y e a r , on the grounds t h a t the two themes would appear to s i m i l a r people and thus inc rease the l i k e l y v i a b i l i t y o f the seminar Use o f the supplement format i n Archifacts was recommended as a means o f p u b l i c i t y to records keepers

PARBICA

The A s s o c i a t i o n has agreed to j o i n PARBICA f o r one yea r ($50) The P res iden t w i l l w r i t e to both PARBICA and the parent body ICA to ' seek a c o n s t i t u t i o n a l amendment so t ha t Category Β members, such as ARANZ, can j o i n branches i n d e f i n i t e l y w i t hou t member-sh ip o f ICA i t s e l f The c u r r e n t r u l e s r e q u i r e branch members to j o i n the ICA (annual s u b s c r i p t i o n $100) w i t h i n two yea rs o r r e s i g n branch membership

MEMBERSHIP

P a t r i c i a 011 i f f presented a d e t a i l e d r e p o r t , i n c l ud i ng geograph ica l breakdown o f mem-bersh ip North I s l and 208 ( p e r s o n a l ) , 63 ( i n s t i t u t i o n a l ) , South I s l and 101 ( p e r s o n a l ) , 23 ( i n s t i t u t i o n a l ) , overseas 10 ( p e r s o n a l ) , 16 ( i n s t i t u t i o n a l ) Counc i l agreed to have the use o f a word p rocessor to compi le and update the membership l i s t i n v e s t i g a t e d by the Membership S e c r e t a r y , T r e a s u r e r and E d i t o r I t was cons idered t ha t d e t a i l s o f i n t e r e s t s and occupat ions cou ld make f o r b e t t e r judgement on the conten ts o f Archifacts and the sub jec t o f seminars

DIRECTORY OF REPOSITORIES

Agreement had been ob ta ined f o r the r e v i s e d scope d iscussed i n Dunedin a t Conference and the next stage was to have the p r o j e c t costed ( t o determine shar ing between ARANZ and Nat iona l A r c h i v e s ) and to draw up the survey form The major e f f o r t w i l l occur i n 1984

18

SEXIST LANGUAGE

Counc i l agreed to ask each o f the branches to c o n s i d e r the d e s i r a b i l i t y o f en fo rc i ng the use o f n o n - s p e c i f i c gender te rmino logy i n ARANZ p u b l i c a t i o n s under two headings ( a ) c o n t r i b u t i o n s to Archifacts, (b ) Counc i l s ta tements , e g l i s t s o f o f f i c e r s , branch and o f f i c e r s ' r e p o r t s , e tc

BRANCH NEWS

AUCKLAND p lans a f u r t h e r lunch- t ime ga the r ing l a t e i n March, and i s working on a p r o -j e c t w i t h l o c a l M a o r i / P o l y n e s i a n a r c h i v e s and manuscr ip t ho ld ings The P r e s i d e n t , Pe te r M i l l e r , w i l l be meeting the Branch Committee mid-March, w h i l e i n Auckland f o r the Nat iona l A r c h i v e s ' l o c a l a u t h o r i t i e s ' records and a r c h i v e s management seminar '5 members a t tended the WELLINGTON Branch Annual General Meeting on 16 February (The

meeting scheduled f o r December had to be c a n c e l l e d ) The usual r epo r t s were presented and e l e c t i o n s he ld S t u a r t Strachan was e l e c t e d chairman Cons ide ra t i on o f a p o s s i -b l e branch p r o j e c t l e d to d i s c u s s i o n on the r e l a t i v e r o l e s o f ARANZ and AGMANZ ( A r t G a l l e r i e s and Museums A s s o c i a t i o n o f New Zealand) i n running paper c o n s e r v a t i o n semi-nars At C o u n c i l ' s r e q u e s t , the use o f neut ra l gender te rmino logy i n ARANZ p u b l i c a -t i o n s was r a i s e d and debated e n t h u s i a s t i c a l l y The p r e c i s e plans f o r CANTERBURY t h i s yea r are not y e t known to Counc i l because Robin Sut ton was unable to t r a v e l to We l l i ng ton f o r the l a s t Counc i l meeting OTAGO has completed i t s work w i th l a s t y e a r ' s Annual General Meeting and Conference by p u b l i s h i n g the proceedings (see separate note i n Ana lec ta ) and i s o rgan i s i ng a d i s a s t e r preparedness course i n A p r i l The WAIKATO Branch has not repo r ted to Counc i l f o r some months

A N A L E C T A

SURVEY OF EARLY NEW ZEALAND NEWSPAPERS A FURTHER NATIONAL LIBRARY STATEMENT

As noted i n an e a r l i e r i ssue o f Archifacts (December 1982), the Nat iona l L i b r a r y i s under tak ing a su rvey o f New Zealand newspapers pub l i shed before 1940 The in fo rmat ion gained w i l l be the bas is o f a long- te rm f i lm ing programme f o r the Nat iona l L i b r a r y ' s M i c r o f i l m U n i t , the on l y u n i t i n New Zealand f i lm ing to a r c h i v a l s tanda rds , and should ensure t h a t d e t e r i o r a t i n g newspapers are f i lmed before i t i s too l a t e

The T r u s t e e s have made a c o n t r a c t w i t h Mr Ross Harvey to conduct such a s u r v e y , which begins i n February and should be completed by the end o f the y e a r

, Whi le the 1961 Union Cata logue o f Newspapers i s a h e l p f u l gu ide i n l o c a t i n g many ho ld ings o f e a r l y newspapers, the Nat iona l L i b r a r y i s aware t ha t the re are o t h e r , un-r e c o r d e d , ho ld ings p a r t i c u l a r l y i n l o c a l h i s t o r i c a l s o c i e t i e s and museums The L i b r a r y would be most g r a t e f u l f o r any i n fo rmat ion on l o c a l ho ld ings o f newspapers, even i f they are not complete r u n s , as i n some cases odd i ssues may be a l l which are ex tan t

Correspondence o r f u r t h e r e n q u i r i e s shou ld be addressed to Mr Ross Harvey c / o P o l i c y and Planning U n i t , Nat iona l L i b r a r y o f New Zea land , P r i v a t e Bag, We l l i ng ton

MANAGING HISTORICAL RECORDS

The New Zealand Federa t ion o f H i s t o r i c a l S o c i e t i e s held i t s annual conference a t Tatum Park , Manakau on 4-6 March, hosted by the Otaki H i s t o r i c a l Soc ie t y Sa tu rday ' s sess ion was d i v i d e d i n t o two workshops ach iev ing a d m i n i s t r a t i v e c o n t r o l and bas ic i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f records and a r c h i v e s he ld by h i s t o r i c a l s o c i e t i e s , conse rva t i on -handl ing and ca r i ng f o r paper Examples o f f i n d i n g a ids and s torage con ta ine rs were sought from those a t tend ing T u t o r s inc luded Mina McKenzie (Manawatu Museum, Palmerston N o r t h ) , C h r i s t o p h e r Campbell (Palmerston North Pub l i c L i b r a r y ) and Ian Matheson (Palmerston North C i t y Co rpo ra t i on )

19

NATIONAL COORDINATOR FOR THE CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY

Georgina C h n s t e n s e n has r e c e n t l y been appointed by the I n te r im Committee f o r the Con-s e r v a t i o n o f C u l t u r a l P rope r t y as a Nat iona l C o o r d i n a t o r , w i th the o b j e c t i v e o f deve lop ing a s t r u c t u r e f o r the Proposed Nat iona l Con-s e r v a t i o n Counc i l on the bas is o f the Sto low Report recommendations

P r i o r to tak ing up t h i s p o s i t i o n , Miss C h n s t e n s e n was the Deputy D i r e c t o r a t the Taranaki Museum f o r f o u r yea rs I n 1980 she l e f t the Museum to s tudy c o n s e r v a t i o n a t the I n s t i t u t e o f A rchaeo logy , London U n i v e r s i t y Las t yea r she re tu rned to New Zealand and worked as a Conserva t ion A s s i s t a n t at the Auckland I n s t i t u t e and Museum

At p r e s e n t , Georgina i s v i s i t i n g many people throughout the c o u n t r y who have r e s -p o n s i b i l i t i e s f o r the c o n s e r v a t i o n o f c u l t u r a l p rope r t y not on l y to understand the p resen t s ta te o f c o n s e r v a t i o n a f f a i r s but a l s o to ga ther op in ions and recommendations on the development o f the Nat iona l Conserva t ion S e r v i c e

Georgina may be contac ted a t t h i s address

c / o Conse rva t i on U n i t Nat iona l Museum P r i v a t e Bag, We l l i ng ton

CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, 1982

Ed i ted papers from the A s s o c i a t i o n ' s Conference i n Dunedin l a s t August have now been p r i n t e d and are a v a i l a b l e from the T r e a s u r e r , A R A N Z , Ρ 0 Box 11-553, We l l i ng ton 78 pages o f e n l i g h t e n i n g r ead ing , p a r t i c u l a r l y v a l u a b l e f o r those o f us who cou ld not ge t tha t f a r south $5 00 f o r ARANZ members, $5 00 f o r o the rs (Payment w i t h o r d e r , please )

CONFERENCE 1983 "ARCHIVAL RESOURCES OF THE EAST COAST"

As p r e v i o u s l y announced, the nex t AGM and Conference w i l l be he ld i n Nap ie r ove r the weekend o f 26-28 August I t should p rov ide a s i g n i f i c a n t impetus to i nc rease a r c h i v a l awareness i n t h i s p a r t o f the coun t r y The Gisborne A r t Centre and Museum and the Hawke's Bay A r t G a l l e r y and Museum are j o i n i n g f o r c e s , t oge the r w i t h o the r a l l i e d bodies and o r g a n i s a t i o n s N e g o t i a t i o n w i th speakers f o r both days i s now under way The Conference o r g a n i s e r , Annet te Fa i rweather (P 0 Box 429, N a p i e r ) , w i l l be happy to r e c e i v e any query A d e t a i l e d announcement w i l l appear i n the June i ssue

NATIONAL ARCHIVES' NEWS

Bruce Symondson has re tu rned from a y e a r ' s l eave i n Sydney, a t the U n i v e r s i t y o f New South Wales, where he s u c c e s s f u l l y completed the postgraduate Diploma i n In fo rmat ion Management ( A r c h i v e s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n ) Mark Stevens has j u s t l e f t f o r a s i m i l a r pe r i od o f s tudy leave a t UNSW Mark S toddar t has been appoin ted to the new p o s i t i o n o f Reference A r c h i v i s t and Margaret R e t t e r has assumed a new r o l e o f Genea log ica l A r c h i v i s t Ruth Munro i s now Ruth S t o d d a r t , having marr ied Mark i n February Sherrah F r a n c i s , back from severa l yea rs i n New York and known to many users o f the A lexander T u r n b u l l L i b r a r y ' s r e fe rence and a r t room f a c i l i t i e s , has j o i n e d Nat iona l A r c h i v e s as an a r c h i v i s t A p a r t i c u l a r , c u r r e n t p reoccupat ion i s a s s i s t i n g government departments i n meeting the requirements o f the O f f i c i a l In fo rmat ion A c t , e f f e c t i v e t h i s J u l y

MUSEU/A

20

NEW ZEALAND MAP KEEPERS' CIRCLE 8TH ANNUAL SEMINAR, 16-18 FEBRUARY 1983

An e n l i g h t e n i n g and en joyab le programme was o rgan i sed by Angela Newton, Map L i b r a r i a n a t the U n i v e r s i t y o f Waikato L i b r a r y Lex Chalmers { f rom the U n i v e r s i t y ' s Geography Department) t a l ked on remote sensing o f the env i ronment , o r a e r i a l photography and scann ing , and d i s p l a y e d an impress ive v a r i e t y o f the r e s u l t i n g outputs - which need not be merely photograph ic P h i l i p M a r t e l l i d i scussed the use o f maps i n the Hamil ton C i t y Corpora te Planning Department Ph i l Bar ton p rov ided a h i s t o r i c a l account o f na t iona l c a r t o - b i b l i o g r a p h y i n New Zealand and Br ian Marshal l (Map L i b r a r i a n a t the U n i v e r s i t y o f Auckland L i b r a r y ) o f f e r e d a seminal paper on the o r g a n i s a t i o n o f a small map c o l l e c t i o n Bob Drury p rov ided a f a s c i n a t i n g g l impse o f moni tor ing the environment i n p repar ing f o r mining a t Waihi The C i r c l e ' s AGM cons ide red va r i ous means o f i n v o l -v ing a r c h i v i s t s , l i b r a r i a n s and the e v e r - i n c r e a s i n g numbers o f users o f maps i n i t s a c t i v i t i e s , p a r t i c u l a r l y the News le t t e r and Conference The t h i r d day was an e y e -opening and a l l - t o o - s h o r t t ime w i t h E v e l y n Stokes ( U n i v e r s i t y o f Waikato Geography Department) and Stephen Edson (Waikato A r t Museum) on a r chaeo log i ca l and h i s t o r i c a l s i t e s i n the Tauranga and Waikato reg ions

The C i r c l e pub l i shes a t w i c e - y e a r l y News le t t e r and i n v i t e s membership $4 00 per annum Wr i te to Miss Angela Newton, Map L i b r a r i a n , U n i v e r s i t y o f Waikato, P r i v a t e Bag, Hami l ton

LIBRARIANSHIP COURSE ATTRACTS ARCHIVISTS

The one -yea r postgraduate Diploma i n L i b r a r i a n s h i p c o u r s e , conducted a t V i c t o r i a U n i -v e r s i t y o f We l l i ng ton s ince 1980, has t h i s y e a r accepted two enrolments from people w i t h p r i m a r i l y a r c h i v a l backgrounds and a s p i r a t i o n s David R e t t e r , who has taken leave from h i s c u r r e n t p o s i t i o n as F i r s t A s s i s t a n t i n the Manuscr ip ts Sec t i on o f the A lexander T u r n b u l l L i b r a r y , and Kay Sanderson, who was an a r c h i v i s t a t Nat iona l A r c h i v e s dur ing 1980 and 1981 A l though the course does no t o f f e r a formal teach ing paper on any aspec t o f a r c h i v e s a d m i n i s t r a t i o n , these two w i l l be p resen t i ng a n a l y t i c a l work on ho ld ings i n T u r n b u l l and Nat iona l A r c h i v e s r e s p e c t i v e l y as one paper

CANTERBURY GLEANINGS

Margaret C u l l e n , A r c h i v i s t at the Canterbury Museum, has marr ied and i s now Margaret Thompson The D i r e c t o r o f Nat iona l A r c h i v e s , Ray G r o v e r , v i s i t e d C h r i s t c h u r c h e a r l y i n February f o r a meeting w i th heads o f r e p o s i t o r i e s i n the c i t y ho ld ing a r c h i v e s and manuscr ip ts Nat iona l A r c h i v e s ' p o l i c y i n reg ions ou t s i de We l l i ng ton and i n p a r t i -c u l a r , t ha t o f the imminent C h r i s t c h u r c h o f f i c e , was d iscussed The Canterbury Museum and Nat iona l A r c h i v e s have agreed to a j o i n t ven tu re f o r the m ic ro f i lm ing o f the Can te rbu ry P r o v i n c i a l Government a r c h i v e s , and the p r e - r e q u i s i t e d e s c r i p t i v e work w i l l beg in s h o r t l y

SEMINAR ON RECORDS AND ARCHIVES MANAGEMENT FOR AUCKLAND AREA LOCAL AUTHORITIES

Nat iona l A r c h i v e s o rgan ised t h i s two-day seminar i n Manukau C i t y (16-17 March) to i n t r oduce l o c a l a u t h o r i t i e s to the p r i n c i p l e s and p r a c t i c e s t h a t w i l l he lp them w i t h e f f e c t i v e management o f t h e i r records and a r c h i v e s , and to f a m i l i a r i s e them w i t h the a r c h i v e s and records p r o v i s i o n s i n the Local Government Ac t Speakers inc luded J o l y o n F i r t h (member o f the Auckland C i t y C o u n c i l ) , Graham Bush ( U n i v e r s i t y o f Auck land ) , Pe te r M i l l e r (Hocken L i b r a r y ) , Rosemary C o l l i e r ( c o n s u l t a n t a r c h i v i s t and reco rds mana-g e r ) , C ra ig God ley ( W e l l i n g t o n P o l y t e c h n i c ) , M Warwick ( L i b r a r i a n , Auckland Regional A u t h o r i t y ) , Κ J Ba l l an t yne (Command S e c r e t a r y , Land Force H Q ) , Β Brown ( S u p e r v i s i n g R e g i s t r a r , Defence H Q ) , and S t u a r t Strachan and Ray Grover (Na t iona l A r c h i v e s )

THE J M SHERRARD AWARDS IN NEW ZEALAND REGIONAL HISTORY, 1982

These awards, s e t up to commemorate the work o f the l a t e John ( J o c k ) McAra S h e r r a r d , au tho r o f Kaikoura, A History of the District (1966) , a re o f f e r e d to encourage s tud ies

21

i n New Zealand r e g i o n a l h i s t o r y T h i s i s the s i x t h award made, the p e r i o d o f e l i g i b i l i t y f o r p u b l i c a t i o n s being 1980-81

The judges were

Mr A A M u r r a y - O l i v e r , f o rmer l y o f the A lexander T u r n b u l l L i b r a r y and w e l l -known au tho r , W e l l i n g t o n ,

Dr Jean ine M Graham, Sen io r L e c t u r e r i n H i s t o r y , U n i v e r s i t y o f Waikato, Hami l ton ,

Mr W J Gardner , f o rmer l y Reader i n H i s t o r y , U n i v e r s i t y o f Can te rbu ry , C h r i s t c h u r c h

No MAJOR AWARD was made f o r 1982 AWARDS were made to the r e s p e c t i v e authors o f the f o l l o w i n g books (no o rde r o f me r i t imp l ied)

Noel Crawford The Station Years A History of the Levels, Cannmgton and Holme Stations, with Special Reference to the Upper Regions of the Pareora River where They joined. P r i v a t e l y p u b l i s h e d , Cave, 1981

Robert C Lamb From the Banks of the Avon The Story of a River, Reed, W e l l i n g t o n , 1981 a

Robert Pinney Early Northern otago Runs, C o l l i n s , Auck land , 1981 b

J S T u l l e t t The Industrious Heart A History of New Plymouth, New Plymouth C i t y C o u n c i l , 1981 c

NOTES

(a) A l though posthumous awards are not normal ly made, the judges wished to make spec ia l acknowledgement o f Bob Lamb's c o n t r i b u t i o n to l oca l C h r i s t c h u r c h s tud ies I t was cons idered tha t h is book conta ined a s i g n i f i c a n t reg iona l element

(b) Bob Pinney won the f i r s t JMS Award i n 1972, and was t h e r e f o r e t e c h n i c a l l y i n e l i -g i b l e to r e c e i v e another However, the judges dec ided to mark h is ou ts tand ing c o n t r i b u t i o n to New Zealand pas to ra l h i s t o r y

(c) Though t h i s work i s p r i m a r i l y an urban s t u d y , the judges dec ided to i n c l ude i t as an impor tant c o n t r i b u t i o n to the understanding o f Taranaki p r o v i n c i a l h i s t o r y

The f o l l o w i n g books were commended by the judges

A r t h u r Ρ Bates The Bridge to Nowhere The Ill-fated Mangapurua Settlement, Wanganui Newspapers, 1981

Arno ld Nordmeyer Waitaki The River and its Lakes, the Land and its People, Waitaki Lakes Committee, Oamaru, 1981

The Rai and its People A Centennial History of the Rai Valley District, 1881-1981, Rai V a l l e y Centenn ia l Committee, 1980

A f t e r long c o n s i d e r a t i o n , the judges cons idered t ha t Stevan E l d r e d - G n g g A Southern Gentry New Zealanders who inherited the Earth, Reed, W e l l i n g t o n , 1980, f e l l

22

o u t s i d e the scope o f the Award Never the less they acknowledge the i n n o v a t i v e nature o f t h i s book as a work o f s o c i a l h i s t o r y

The next round o f j udg ing w i l l be i n 1984 f o r works pub l i shed i n 1982 and 1983

ARCHIFACTS MIS-POSTING

Some members r e c e i v e d a f u r t h e r copy o f the June 1982 i ssue ins tead o f the December 1982 i s s u e One o f the r e s u l t s o f t h i s i s t ha t supp l i es o f the June i ssue are now com-p l e t e l y exhausted I f you were a f f e c t e d by t h i s mishap ( f o r which the E d i t o r a p o l o g i s e s ) and s t i l l have two June i s s u e s , a swap f o r a December one would be mutua l l y b e n e f i c i a l Please w r i t e to the E d i t o r d i r e c t

CONSERVATOR AVAILABLE

Mrs Chloe J o w e t t , c u r r e n t l y i n S u f f o l k , Eng land , i s a t r a i n e d and exper ienced p i c t u r e r e s t o r e r seeking employment i n New Zealand She has t r a i n e d a t the Edinburgh Co l l ege o f A r t and the Hornsey Co l l ege o f A r t (under Helmut Ruhemann, Consu l tan t Res to re r to the Nat iona l G a l l e r y , London) and her exper ience i nc ludes th ree months i n Ven ice dur ing 1968, w i t h the I t a l i a n A r t and A r c h i v e s Rescue Fund, he lp ing to s e t up a r e s t o r a t i o n s t u d i o F u r t h e r d e t a i l s are a v a i l a b l e from the E d i t o r , o r Susan F o s t e r , Ν Ζ A r t G a l l e r y D i r e c t o r s ' C o u n c i l , Ρ 0 Box 6401, Te A r o , We l l i ng ton

UNITED STATES SALARY SURVEY

A s u r v e y by the S o c i e t y o f American A r c h i v i s t s i n 1982, at tempt ing to reach 4000 members o f the a r c h i v a l p r o f e s s i o n i n the Un i t ed S ta tes y i e l d e d 1717 usefu l re tu rned q u e s t i o n -na i r es The t y p i c a l a r c h i v i s t responding to the survey "was a m idd le -aged , wh i te female , w i t h a mas te r ' s degree and a r c h i v a l t r a i n i n g p rov ided by a p r o f e s s i o n a l workshop, who i s employed f u l l - t i m e and has 4-15 years o f a r c h i v a l exper ience and works i n an o r g a n i z a t i o n a l u n i t c a l l e d an a r c h i v e s w i th fewer than 3 employees earns a s a l a r y o f j u s t oye r $21,400" Women i n the p r o f e s s i o n ea rned , on ave rage , o n l y 80 percen t o f the income earned by men And the p r o f e s s i o n i n the Un i t ed S ta tes i s aging In 1979, 60 percen t o f respondents to a s i m i l a r S A A su ryey were under 40, i n 1982, 52 percen t were under 40

s A A Newsletter, November 1982, ρ 1

PUBLISHING ALBERT E INSTEIN 'S PAPERS

P u b l i c a t i o n o f the papers o f A l b e r t E i n s t e i n , compr is ing 43,000 i tems, w i l l beg in t h i s y e a r , but w i l l p robab ly take severa l decades to complete The l ega l d i spu te between P r i n c e t o n U n i v e r s i t y Press and the E i n s t e i n es ta te has been s e t t l e d and r e c e n t l y the Nat iona l Sc ience Foundat ion i n the U n i t e d S ta tes granted $120,749, the Foundat ion i s a l so c o n s i d e r i n g means f o r long- te rm funding o f the p r o j e c t

s A A Newsletter, January 1983, ρ 8

RATIO ANALYSIS ON ARCHIVAL STATISTICS

The S o c i e t y o f American A r c h i v i s t s has launched a new b i -month ly n e w s l e t t e r , Managing archival institutions ($US12 00 per y e a r ) The f i r s t i ssue i nc ludes a demon-s t r a t i o n o f measuring r e s u l t s w i t h i n a r c h i v a l i n s t i t u t i o n s by r a t i o a n a l y s i s For example, the r a t i o o f re fe rence (number o f r e fe rence uses - volume o f h o l d i n g s ) meas-ures the e x t e n t to which ho ld ings are used The f i g u r e s can be though t - provok ing The p rocess ing r a t i o ( i e , volume o f processed ho ld ings * t o t a l volume o f ho ld ings w i l l measure the percentage backlog processed A h igh r a t i o ( s a y , 85 pe rcen t ) may show adequate resources devoted to t h a t f u n c t i o n (p robab l y "good) o r no a c t i v e a c -q u i s i t i o n s p o l i c y (p robab l y "bad" )

ibid , cen t re s e c t i o n

23

STATE T U E PURPOSE OF THE ARCHIVES IS THE DISASTER PLAN ADEQUATE"

The Task Force on I n s t i t u t i o n a l E v a l u a t i o n o f the S o c i e t y o f American A r c h i v i s t s has pub l ished Evaluation of archival institutions ($US4 00, SAA members, $US5 00, o t h e r s ) , which p rov ides a d e t a i l e d framework f o r i n s t i t u t i o n s to probe themselves There are a se r i es o f 56 ' f a c t u a l background' ques t ions assoc ia ted w i th 99 ' s e l f - s t u d y ' q u e s t i o n s , under va r ious heads, w i t h i n f o u r broad areas - o r g a n i s a t i o n and i n s t i t u t i o n a l s e t t i n g (42% o f the q u e s t i o n s ) , b u i l d i n g a r c h i v a l and manuscr ipt ho ld ings (14%), p rese rv i ng a r c h i v a l ho ld ings (14%) and making mate r ia l s a v a i l a b l e f o r use (30%) As the authors po in t o u t , the r e s u l t s o f such an eva lua t i on are o f g rea tes t use to the a r c h i v e s under-taking i t , but being done to a standard does enable more comprehensive data a n a l y s i s and the Task Force seeks to have depos i ted w i th i t (on a c o n f i d e n t i a l b a s i s ) a copy o f the completed eva lua t i on f o r t h i s purpose ( T h i s extends the in fo rmat ion gathered v i a the Task F o r c e ' s data c o l l e c t i o n form, which i s the f i r s t stage o f involvement by an i n s t i t u t i o n , the t h i r d stage i s peer r e v i e w , o r a v i s i t by exper ienced a r c h i v i s t s and submission o f an eva lua t i on r e p o r t by them to the i n s t i t u t i o n )

LUTHER COMMEMORATION

E is leben ( the b i r t h p l a c e o f Mar t in L u t h e r ) , E r f u r t (where he s tud ied and entered the Augus t iman monastery) and Wit tenberg (renamed L u t h e r s t a d t ) are a l l i n East Germany As par t o f the c e l e b r a t i o n s commemorating the 500th a n n i v e r s a r y o f L u t h e r ' s b i r t h , the Department o f S ta te A rch i ves o f East Germany i s i n v o l v e d w i th the p roduc t ion o f a commemorative volume "Lu the r and h is l i f e " , to i nc lude correspondence in L u t h e r ' s hand, h is 95 t heses , the bu l l o f Pope Leo X th rea ten ing excommunication a n d l e t t e r s o f i n d u l -gence s i m i l a r to those which spur red Lu ther to r e v o l t

Challenge Weekly, 4 March 1983

C IT IZENS ' ADVICE BUREAU RECORDS

The ques t ion o f c l o s u r e pe r i od f o r depos i t s from CABs has a r i s e n i n London, where, because o f the lack of any na t iona l p o l i c y on the mat te r , there have been three ins tances where c l o s u r e per iods have been 50, 100 and 150 years (Has t h i s problem a r i s e n i n New Zea land 7 )

Newsletter of the Society of Archivists, no 23, November 1982, ρ 2

ARCHIVES OF RETAILERS

Lorna Poo le , A r c h i v i s t o f the John Lewis P a r t n e r s h i p , i n Stevenage, H e r t f o r d s h i r e , has an unusual j o b f o r , as she h e r s e l f w r i t e s , " the nature o f r e t a i l i n g and p ressu re upon s e l l i n g space means t ha t documentary s u r v i v a l s have been few, and much mater ia l p r o -duced has been regarded as ephemeral" The P a r t n e r s h i p ' s r e t a i l i n g a c t i v i t i e s date from the e a r l y 19th c e n t u r y , but the a r c h i v e s r e f l e c t the P a r t n e r s h i p ' s o the r i n t e r e s t s -i t owns manufactur ing u n i t s and o the r p r o p e r t y , so the re are na tu ra l h i s t o r y su rveys o f farmland i n Hampshire and t e x t i l e des igns from Nor th Count ry m i l l s The a r c h i v i s t handles a l a r g e number o f i n t e r n a l e n q u i r i e s , but there are a lso ex te rna l e n q u i r i e s from loca l h i s t o r i a n s and those i n t e r e s t e d i n the development o f c e r t a i n types o f mer-chandise o r i n s t y l e s o f f ash ion and des ign The a r c h i v i s t i s d i r e c t l y r e s p o n s i b l e to one o f the P a r t n e r s h i p ' s P r i n c i p a l D i r e c t o r s

Ibid , pp 5-6

**********

24

njúeccute We don't have all the answers to help solve your conservation problems, but we care a great deal about trying to help you solve them Archival Quality Products is a company dedicated to providing answers to restoration and conservation questions you ask every day We supply and stock a wide range of quality acid-free products for preservation, repair and conservation of archival matenals

Most of our matenals issuing from the USA through the Process Matenals Corporation are well known to the New Zealand Museum and Art Gallery professions, mounting boards, barrier sheets, pnnt papers, etc — all dependably neutral in pH In addition, new producto from the same corporation include a range of 14 colour compatible mat boards also of acid-free composition We know you care about the important work you're doing and we do too

For technical information please wnte or call

ARCHIVAL QUALITY PRODUCTS A division of Ransons Packaging and Display Ltd

PHONE 797-365 AUCKLAND BOX 8745

25

BOOK R E V I E W S

S tan ley Roche The red and the gold an informal account of the Waihi strike, 1912 Auckland Ox fo rd U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s , 1982 176p $19 95

During the 1981 Spr ingbok t o u r a p r o t e s t c r y 'Remember Molesworth S t r e e t ' resounded i n We l l i ng ton thoroughfares w i t h i n minutes o f the f i r s t p o l i c e batoning o f demonstra-t o r s The red and the gold i s a response to a s i m i l a r c r y , 'Remember W a i h i ' , which was thrown up e q u a l l y spontaneously 70 yea rs ago i n a harsher campaign - which c u l -minated when s t r i keb reake rs k i l l e d F rede r i ck George Evans , and, w i t h the acquiescence o f the a u t h o r i t i e s , tu rned a major town i n to v i g i l a n t e t e r r i t o r y H i s t o r i a n s have t r a d i t i o n a l l y den ied , ignored o r downplayed the importance o f c l ass and i n t e r c l a s s war-f a r e i n New Zealand When t h i s has occu r red i n good f a i t h , i t has o f t en been the r e s u l t o f a dear th o f both sources and understanding M i s i n t e r p r e t a t i o n s o f the meaning o f not ions o f c l a s s have p r e v a i l e d , i nc l ud ing an e x t r a o r d i n a r i l y na ive b e l i e f tha t c l a s s c o n f l i c t i s n e c e s s a r i l y cont iguous w i t h rea l b a t t l e f i e l d c o n d i t i o n s And even the few occasions when c l a s s s t r i f e has s p i l l e d onto our s t r e e t s i n v i o l e n t form have tended to be c loaked i n o b s c u r i t y One o f the most momentous o f these events was the Waihi s t r i k e , o f which the person who d e l i v e r e d The red and the gold to me had never before heard

S tan ley Roche s u b t i t l e s her book 'An informal account o f the Waihi s t r i k e , 1912' , meaning, presumably, tha t she has not handled her mater ia l as would a ' t r a i n e d h i s -t o r i a n ' T h i s has a l lowed her to c a s t as ide c o n s t r a i n t s o f con ten t and p resen ta t i on o f t en se l f - imposed by h i s t o r i a n s i n o r d e r to p rov ide a c o n f i d e n t and conv inc ing po r -t r aya l o f wo rk ing -c l ass Waihi i n the e a r l y years o f the 20th c e n t u r y , o f the ethos under l y i ng the worke rs ' b i t t e r s t r u g g l e aga ins t the ons laught launched upon them by c a p i t a l , s ta te and press A number o f s e l f - s t y l e d 'academic' h i s t o r i a n s w i l l , i f they de ign to rev iew a book aimed so c o n s c i o u s l y a t a ' p o p u l a r ' market , no doubt se i ze upon e r r o r s , a r t l e s s n e s s and ' a h i s t o r i c i t y ' w i t h g lee But Roche has performed a va luab le s e r v i c e i n b r i ng ing the s t r i k e i n cons ide rab le and r i v e t i n g d e t a i l to the a t t e n t i o n o f the p u b l i c She has competent ly summarised most known s o u r c e s , and i d e n -t i f i e d - a l though seldom exp lo red i n any depth - the major quest ions posed by i t s o r i g i n s , e v o l u t i o n and af termath Even a c u r s o r y s tudy o f the book w i l l make many readers re-examine che r i shed b e l i e f s the comfor t ing c o n v i c t i o n o f a ' n e u t r a l ' law app ly ing e q u a l l y to a l l c i t i z e n s , and the complacent acceptance o f the mainstream press as p resent ing ' f a i r ' and ' t r u t h f u l ' news, to name but two What to make, f o r example, o f the Waihi r e s i d e n t who helped the goldmimng company's ' s c a b ' u n i o n , wrote s c u r r i l o u s l y f a l s e 'news' f o r d issemina t ion throughout New Zea land , and , as Wa ih i ' s c o r o n e r , p res ided o v e r the cove r -up o f Evans ' d e a t h '

Some readers may i gno re the i m p l i c a t i o n s o f Waihi by c i t i n g Roche's g e n e r a l l y p r o - s t r i k e r sympathies But i t i s s u r e l y honourable tha t she has na i l ed her co lou rs to the mast, d i sda in i ng to s ink her i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f the ev idence beneath a sea o f ' o b j e c t i v e ' t e rm ino logy , and a t each s tep she p rov ides ample ev idence i n suppor t o f her conc lus ions I t i s incumbent on those who wish to cha l l enge her overv iew o f t h i s event to p rov ide c o u n t e r - e v i d e n c e , the few scho la rs who have s tud ied the Waihi s t o r y w i l l be most i n t e r e s t e d to l e a r n the whereabouts o f r e v i s i o n i s t source m a t e r i a l ' Meanwhi le, The red and the gold stands as the most a c c e s s i b l e survey o f the l i t e r a t u r e , i n happy combinat ion w i th personal research ( i n c l u d i n g i n t e r v i e w s ) , i n fo rma t i ve i l l u s -t r a t i o n s , and v igo rous commentary

The major r e s e r v a t i o n one must make i s t h a t , amidst 'atmosphere' and r e l e n t l e s s un fo ld ing o f n a r r a t i v e , Roche seldom pursues v e r y f a r any a n a l y s i s o f the causes and meanings o f the events she d e s c r i b e s , e i t h e r as they occu r o r i n t o to Why was a s t r i k e c h a r a c t e r i s e d by the s t r i k e r s ' scrupulous a t t e n t i o n to l e g a l i t y c o n s c i o u s l y tu rned i n t o a c o n f r o n t a t i o n by the company and the new Massey government 7 Why were g rea t numbers o f s t r i k e r s gaoled f o r such ' c r i m e s ' as shout ing ' s c a b ' , wh i l e s t r i k e -breakers - most ly impor ted, seldom miners , o f ten known c r i m i n a l s - escaped j u s t i c e when they committed g r e a t e r c r imes , among them the f a t a l b a t t e r i n g o f E v a n s 7 But should one expect to f i n d pa t t e rn i ng o f the d i s c r e t e elements o f the s t o r y i n t o t h e i r

26

s o c i a l , economic and p o l i t i c a l con tex t i n an ' i n f o r m a l ' h i s t o r y ' I f the author eschews i n - d e p t h a n a l y s i s i n her terms o f r e f e r e n c e , perhaps t h i s should be respected I t might n o t , a f t e r a l l , be such a bad th ing f o r a reader to be fo rced to ponder on the r a m i f i -ca t i ons and u l t ima te s i g n i f i c a n c e o f the s t o r y And Roche does p rov ide many s t a r t i n g p o i n t s f o r the e x e r c i s e the v e r y f i r s t might f r u i t f u l l y be her c o n t r a s t i n g o f the v iews o f Pe te r F r a s e r and A L Herdman - t ha t the ' r e i g n o f t e r r o r ' a t Waihi e i t h e r began o r ended w i th the storming o f the miners ' ha l l on 'B lack T u e s d a y ' , 1912

Richard H i l l We l l i ng ton

++++++++++++++

Ross Meurant The red squad story Auckland H a r l e n , 1982 215(1)ρ $15 95

T h i s i s an unusual book, an account by a s e r v i n g o f f i c e r o f the p o l i c e f o r c e , t h a t most c i rcumspect government department, o f h i s exper iences i n the squad formed s p e c i f i c a l l y to guard the 1981 Spr ingbok rugby team on i t s New Zealand t ou r W i l l the book harm Meurant 's c a r e e r 7 Hope fu l l y not A l i t e r a t u r e has burgeoned from our a r t i c u l a t e l e f t From the dour r i g h t has come, by compar ison, v e r y l i t t l e The red squad story i s a use fu l a d d i t i o n to the meagre c rop o f c o n s e r v a t i v e w r i t i n g

The book revea l s h i t h e r t o unknown f a c t s I n i t i a l l y there was c o n f l i c t between d i s t r i c t commanders and the squad ove r the ex ten t to which the s k i l l s o f the spec ia l group shou ld be used The Timaru game was c a n c e l l e d n o t , as p u b l i c l y s t a t e d , because o f s e c u r i t y problems, but to g i v e the p o l i c e a break from t h e i r onerous task Those who i n v e s t i g a t e d supposed p o l i c e wrongdoings were tempted to seek scapegoats

Meurant i s r e g r e t t a b l y b r i e f on some matters where he cou ld s a f e l y have sa id more He mentions t h a t the p o l i c e thought the t o u r would be cance l l ed when p r o t e s t e r s ha l t ed the Hamil ton game No o p i n i o n i s ven tu red as to why the games cont inued Rugby o f f i -c i a l s a re shown as being b l i n d to the ser iousness o f the s i t u a t i o n v 'Some Ν Ζ R U c o u n c i l l o r s seemed to th ink the t o u r was a p i c n i c ' , but the po in t i s not emphasised, and much more a t t e n t i o n i s devoted to the u n i o n ' s i n a b i l i t y to stage s u i t a b l e a f t e r -match f u n c t i o n s Charac te r sketches a re patchy Spr ingbok manager P r o f e s s o r Claasen i s s a i d to have been c o l d and a r rogan t I nc i den t s cou ld have been quoted to suppor t

h i s o p i n i o n o f an i m p o r t a n t ' t o u r p e r s o n a l i t y

Meurant i s c l e a r about h i s heroes and v i l l i ans The former are the Red Squad, 'a glamour u n i t w i t h impress ive and e n v i a b l e r e c o r d ' , r a n k - a n d - f i l e pol icemen i n g e n e r a l , and the eve r d ip lomat i c Spr ingbok p l a y e r s The l a t t e r i n c l ude the p r o t e s t e r s , a v i o l e n t , cacophanous, m idd le -c lass but C o m m u n i s t - i n f i l t r a t e d horde o f undergraduates , c lergymen and p ro fess iona l malcontents w i t h hereand the re a gang member out f o r 'a " rumble" w i t h the p o l i c e ' Only r a r e l y do the p r o t e s t e r s appear as i n d i v i d u a l s , one occas ion being the af termath o f the Hamil ton i n c i d e n t where Meurant saw two unpro tec ted men being b r u t a l l y assau l t ed by rugby fans The media, desc r ibed as s t r i d e n t l y a n t i -t o u r , i s s c a r c e l y l e s s o b j e c t i o n a b l e than the p r o t e s t e r s In the middle a re "a s low-minded, s e l f - c e n t r e d rugby u n i o n , the P o l i c e A s s o c i a t i o n , and ' the b r a s s ' , the h i e r -a rchy o f the P o l i c e Department The two l a t t e r groups appear more concerned w i th appeasing p u b l i c op in i on than w i t h defending harassed f r o n t - l i n e o f f i c e r s

The p r o t e s t movement should take to hear t Meurant 's comment t h a t v i o l e n t ac t i ons on t h e i r pa r t cou ld we l l a l i e n a t e the masses Parents who took t o d d l e r s on demonstra-t i o n s are round ly condemned f o r lack o f judgement Commissioner Walton cou ld we l l take note 'The P o l i c e E x e c u t i v e d i s p l a y e d a d i s t i n c t r e l uc tance to put the p o l i c e s i de o f any i n c i d e n t to the p u b l i c An a r t i c u l a t e , w e l l - i n f o r m e d , capable spokesperson shou ld be h igh on the shopping l i s t f o r 1982 '

The a u t h o r ' s t h i nk i ng c a n , however, be s u p e r f i c i a l Meurant condemns the a n t i -t o u r s tance o f the Press but f a i l s to examine why t h a t bas t ion o f educated c o n s e r v a -t i sm shou ld have tu rned i t s face aga ins t the Boks His p r a i s e o f the p r o - t o u r Truth

27

appears i r o n i c when one cons ide rs t ha t t ha t p u b l i c a t i o n sees i ssues i n s i m p l i s t i c terms, dwe l l s on the s a l a c i o u s , and has i n i t s day championed r a c i s t b e l i e f s such as the supposed s u p e r i o r i t y o f Anglo-Saxons ove r the Chinese The w r i t e r s k i l f u l l y i l l u s t r a t e s how, on o c c a s i o n , the media used language and p i c t u r e s to show the p o l i c e and Springbok suppor te rs i n a bad l i g h t - then adopts the language he condemns J o u r n a l i s t s cou ld be seen ' s ku l k i ng a round ' Red Squad t r a i n i n g grounds , went about ' lambast ing the New Zealand Rugby Union c a s t i g a t i n g the Government ' , and misusing t h e i r 'monopoly o f the mass communications network ' He i s on shaky ground when he claims the p o l i c e would have r e f r a i n e d from batoning any crowd which sa t p e a c e f u l l y ou t s i de Springbok h o t e l s , thus p reven t ing them from reaching t h e i r matches, y e t would have had no o b j e c t i o n to d r i v i n g out the crowd which assembled on Rugby Park , Hamil ton Would not the fo rmer , as much as the l a t t e r , have c o n s t i t u t e d a breach o f the ' r u l e o f law ' about which Meurant i s so e loquent However, a n t i - t o u r p u b l i c a t i o n s doubt less con ta in as much dubious l o g i c as does The red squad story

The Har len P u b l i s h i n g Company i s o f recent o r i g i n T h i s e a r l y p u b l i c a t i o n o f t h e i r s i s a t t r a c t i v e l y produced w i th s imp le , s t r i k i n g cover Meurant 's w r i t i n g i s s t r a i g h t f o r w a r d The photographs i nc l ude a number on the po l i ce - ve rsus -demons t ra to r s theme, though the c a p t i o n s , emphasising such fea tu res as Communist banners and gang p a r t i c i p a t i o n , are f a r d i f f e r e n t from those i n the a n t i - A p a r t h e i d ca lendar Days of xage Several snapshots show the p o l i c e a t home and dur ing the l i g h t e r i n t e r l u d e s o f the t o u r Perhaps a s tudy o f Meurant 's photographs and those i n p u b l i c a t i o n s c r i t i c a l o f the t o u r would g i v e a balanced p i c t u r e o f proceedings I was d isappo in ted w i th the occas iona l grammatical e r r o r , e s p e c i a l l y the use o f the apostrophe where no possess ion i s i n v o l v e d There are re fe rences to 'P R 2 4 ' s ' (ba tons) and to the '1970 's '

Should the Springbok t ou r assume major s ta tus i n New Zealand h i s t o r y , The red squad story w i l l become a minor c l a s s i c I t i s a p i t y then t h a t , on some matters where he cou ld have s a i d more, Meurant i s so b r i e f

Richard L Ν Greenaway Canterbury P u b l i c L i b r a r y

++++++++++++++

Caro l yn Hoover Sung Archives and manuscripts reprography Chicago S o c i e t y o f American A r c h i v i s t s , 1982 68p $US5 00 to S A A members, $US7 00 to o thers

C a r o l y n Sung i s we l l q u a l i f i e d to w r i t e t h i s volume, the f i f t h i n the SAA's 'Bas ic Manual S e n e s I I ' which was one r e s u l t o f the p o p u l a r i t y o f t h e i r 'Bas i c Manual Se r i es Γ When t h i s manual was w r i t t e n she was a s s i s t a n t c h i e f o f the Pho todup l i ca t i on S e r v i c e a t the L i b r a r y o f Congress , and soon a f t e r she became E x e c u t i v e O f f i c e r o f Research Se rv i ces a t t ha t l i b r a r y

"Reprography" i s an a l l - i n c l u s i v e term f o r methods o f copy ing I t , i n Sung's words , " desc r i bes a wide v a r i e t y o f processes whose purpose i s to r e p l i c a t e documents by o p t i c a l o r photo-mechanical means" (p 7) I t i nc ludes pho tocopy ing , microphotography and photography o f a r c h i v e s

The author s ta tes her o b j e c t i v e as f o l l o w s

T h i s manual i s aimed a t the t r a d i t i o n a l problems a r c h i v i s t s f ace w i t h paper and micro f i lmed records I t w i l l d i scuss the pr imary uses o f reprography i n an a r c h i v a l program and the spec ia l copy ing problems, a r c h i v a l mater ia l p resents The techn i ca l c h o i c e s , main techn iques , and equipment needs a re c o n s i d e r e d , w i t h a t t e n t i o n g i v e n t o microphotography, e s p e c i a l l y to d e t e r -mining t h e ' a p p r o p r i a t e format and to the p i t f a l l s o f m ic ro f i lm ing (p 8)

A l though i t i s not a long book, she does u s e f u l l y d i scuss a l l the t h i n g s ment ioned, w i th o u t l i n e s o f the h i s t o r y o f each copying technique U n f o r t u n a t e l y , however, the book i s overweighted towards microform matters which are d iscussed f u l l y By c o n t r a s t ,

28

r e l a t i o n to law i n the Un i ted Sta tes

Two admirable fea tu res are the many examples c i t e d , o f t en w i th cop ies o f r e l e v a n t forms and o the r papers , and the f u l l b i b l i o g r a p h y One i s l e f t w i t h the impress ion t h a t i t i s a u s e f u l , and f o r some perhaps i n v a l u a b l e , manual w h i c h , however, w i t h a l i t t l e more a t t e n t i o n to pho tocopy ing , cou ld e a s i l y have been even b e t t e r

Jonathan Adams Wei 1 ing ton

++++++++++++++

S o c i e t y o f American A r c h i v i s t s ' Forms Manual Task Force Archival Forms Manual Chicago S o c i e t y o f American A r c h i v i s t s , 1982 145p

The compi lers o f t h i s manual i n t roduce t h e i r work w i t h a bo ld statement

C r i t e r i a f o r the s e l e c t i o n o f forms to be inc luded were l e g i b i l i t y , l e g a l i t y , c l a r i t y , s i m p l i c i t y , r e a d a b i l i t y , f l e x i b i l i t y , u n i v e r s a l i t y , economy, and a t t r a c t i v e n e s s to the eye (p 6)

In p r a c t i c e , some o f the forms inc luded have v e r y few o f these c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s The con ten ts page promises samples o f forms i n e v e r y area o f a r c h i v a l endeavour app ra i sa l and d i s p o s i t i o n [ i e , d i s p o s a l ] , a c c e s s i o n i n g , arrangement and d e s c r i p t i o n ( s e p a r a t i o n forms, p rocess ing c o n t r o l forms, l a b e l s ) , use ( u s e r r e g i s t r a t i o n , r u l e s and p o l i c y s ta tements , records and in fo rmat ion request f o r m s ) , and s p e c i a l i s e d forms ( l o a n s , c o n -s e r v a t i o n , r e p r o d u c t i o n , o ra l h i s t o r y , e tc ) Yet there remain s i g n i f i c a n t omissions i n the manual

, Fo r i n s t a n c e , there are no p roduc t ion s l i p s , a l though a number o f document reques t forms are combined w i t h user r e g i s t r a t i o n forms Does no s l i p o r e q u i v a l e n t go on the s h e l f when a box i s removed 7 The emphasis appears to be on keeping a reco rd o f each i n d i v i d u a l u s e r ' s r e q u e s t s , o r a l t e r n a t i v e l y the use made o f each i n d i v i d u a l c o l l e c t i o n , w i t h no example o f a running r e g i s t e r o f p roduc t ions such as i s used a t Nat iona l A r c h i v e s Such a fundamental d i f f e r e n c e r a i s e s the e s s e n t i a l d i f f i c u l t y (and d e f i c i e n c y ) o f a manual which p rov ides examples out o f c o n t e x t The pr imary concern a t Nat iona l A rch i ves i n documenting the p roduc t ion o f a r c h i v e s i s t h e i r security - not o n l y tha t the r e s e a r -che r has handed them back but a l so tha t they have been rep laced i n t h e i r c o r r e c t boxes and on the c o r r e c t she lves A secondary c o n s i d e r a t i o n i s s t a t i s t i c s o f use I t i s more than ten yea rs s ince Nat iona l A rch i ves f i l e d p roduc t ion requests by each i n d i v i d u a l user ( a l t hough when the p roduc t ion r e g i s t e r i s computer ised such an i n d i v i d u a l r eco rd c o u l d be compi led r e a d i l y enough i f r e q u i r e d by the researcher f o r c i t a t i o n check ing) Another area o f fundamental importance to a r c h i v i s t s , tha t o f c o n s e r v a t i o n r e p o r t i n g , i s r a t h e r neg lec ted The r e p a i r r e p o r t card r e c e n t l y i n t roduced a t Nat iona l A r c h i v e s (see Archifacts, 24ns, December 1982, pp 686-688) has no obv ious c o u n t e r p a r t i n t h i s manual

I t i s i n t e r e s t i n g to compare the va r i ous reading-room r u l e s reproduced here One i n s t i t u t i o n permits b a l l p o i n t pen, the o the rs i n s i s t i n g on penc i l o n l y Some p rov ide l o c k e r s f o r personal be long ings Most do not mention a l i m i t on the number o f boxes produced f o r a r e a d e r , those which do , have a one- o r two-box l i m i t U n f o r t u n a t e l y , the t ypog raph i ca l l a y o u t o f some o f these sheets c o n s t i t u t e s a d e t e r r e n t t o easy r e a d i n g , l e t a lone comprehension, o f these r u l e s

Legal c o n s i d e r a t i o n s are o b v i o u s l y o f g r e a t e r importance to American a r c h i v e s than to the New Zealand scene, w i t h t i g h t o r a l - h i s t o r y agreements and deeds o f g i f t , and prominent warnings about c o p y r i g h t r e s t r i c t i o n s on p h o t o d u p l i c a t i o n reques t forms (The same h igh awareness o f l ega l i ssues i s ev i den t i n a r t i c l e s and books byvAmerican a r c h i -v i s t s ) A l though the p a r t i c u l a r i ssues may be a l i t t l e f o r e i g n to New Zealand a r c h i v i s t s , they should be noted i n case they become more important i n the f u t u r e

29

photocopying i s t r e a t e d b r i e f l y and inadequate ly Fo r example, an a t f i r s t s i g h t im-p ress i ve " E l e c t r o s t a t i c Equipment C h e c k l i s t " o f c o n s i d e r a t i o n s to bear i n mind when purchas ing o r l e a s i n g a photocopying machine (pp 36-37) , has some major omiss ions These i nc lude the s i z e o f the p l a t e n , the reduc t i on /expans ion r a t i o s t h a t can be accommodated ( e s p e c i a l l y important f o r a r c h i v i s t s and manuscr ip ts l i b r a r i a n s w i t h r e -gard to a b i l i t y to copy o v e r s i z e documents) and the machine 's a b i l i t y to handle d i f -f e r e n t s i z e s o f paper casse t tes a t the same time F u r t h e r , the p e c u l i a r problems assoc ia ted w i th the photocopying o f i l l u s t r a t i o n s are not mentioned Photocopying deserves a f u l l e r t rea tment , p a r t i c u l a r l y i n v iew o f the f a c t mentioned by Sung (p 19) t ha t researchers g e n e r a l l y p r e f e r eye- readab le cop ies to microforms Some o f the bes t comments on photocopying are i n the s e c t i o n on "Choosing a Reprographic Process" which s u c c i n c t l y sets out the c o n s i d e r a t i o n s r e l e v a n t to such a cho ice A lso noteworthy i s the common-sense "SAA Statement on the Reproduct ion o f Manuscr ip ts and A r c h i v e s f o r Reference Use" (p 1 0 ) , an e x c e l l e n t g u i d e - l i n e to f o l l o w e s p e c i a l l y as i t r e l a t e s to l a b e l l i n g o r t a r g e t i n g photocopies But t h i s chapter a l s o has omissions In advoca-t i n g f o r some s i t u a t i o n s co i n -ope ra ted photocopying machines, the au tho r seems to l o s e s i g h t o f the f a c t tha t readers doing t h e i r own copy ing may damage documents She does succeed, however, i n her aim o f remedying the f a c t t ha t i n the h i g h l y t echn i ca l wo r l d o f rep rography , a r c h i v i s t s f i n d themselves uninformed l a y p e r s o n s , and shows how new techno logy has modi f ied c o p y r i g h t , use r r e l a t i o n s , donor r e l a t i o n s and re fe rence s e r -v i ces

The use fu l chapters on microphotography lean h e a v i l y on the p ioneer ing work o f A l b e r t L e i s i n g e r Sung's d i s c u s s i o n o f the t echn i ca l s i de i s admirab ly l u c i d and i n f o r m a t i v e , a l though n a t u r a l l y t he re i s a s t rong Un i ted Sta tes emphasis Her a n a l y s i s o f the advantages and d isadvantages o f the v a r i o u s forms o f microform conc ludes t h a t 35mm s i l v e r ha l i de m ic ro f i lm i s s t i l l the best form where a r c h i v a l q u a l i t y i s impor tant In v iew o f i t s importance today , COM (compute r -ou tpu t -m ic ro f i lm) i s g i v e n a compara-t i v e l y extended treatment Techn ica l nomenclature i s always c l e a r l y exp la ined and there i s a sho r t but use fu l g l o s s a r y Fac to rs i n v o l v e d i n choosing mic rograph ie equipment a re wel l o u t l i n e d , and there i s a b r i e f s e c t i o n on what s o r t o f records ought to be m i c r o -f i lmed o r m ic ro f i ched An important p o i n t here i s tha t they shou ld be s u b j e c t to no f u r t h e r access ions A t o p i c a l d i s c u s s i o n f o r New Zea lande rs , i n v iew o f the d i spu te on the Nat iona l Newspaper C o l l e c t i o n , i s t ha t b r i e f l y s t a t i n g the arguments f o r both r e -t e n t i o n and d e s t r u c t i o n o f f i lmed o r f i c h e d o r i g i n a l s In most c i rcumstances Sung favours r e t e n t i o n

Arrangement and d e s c r i p t i o n o f microforms i s skimmed ove r q u i c k l y Sung s t r e s s e s t h a t i f m ic ro f i lms are to be p u b l i s h e d , the f i n d i n g a ids f o r them must be good I n arrangement more c a r e f u l s c r u t i n y i s r e q u i r e d , because once f i lmed the arrangement i s f i x e d Sound adv ice on t a r g e t i n g i s g i v e n and she po in t s out t ha t microforms should break a t l o g i c a l o r na tura l breaks Other t o p i c s covered i nc l ude i d e n t i f y i n g m i c r o -f i lmed records (wh ich s t i l l g e n e r a l l y r e q u i r e s a l e t t e r to t he r e p o s i t o r y ) , c o n s i -de ra t i ons i n purchasing micro forms, and r e a d i n g / p r i n t i n g equipment, and des ign ing a microform reading environment Some p r a c t i c a l po in t s on the care o f microform equ ip -ment are g i v e n

Sung's sho r t account o f photography o f f e r s g u i d e l i n e s to a r c h i v i s t s who must o f f e r photographs i n t h e i r c o l l e c t i o n s f o r use She recogn ises the importance o f cap -t i o n s and c r e d i t l i n e s so t ha t items can be loca ted by f u t u r e r e s e a r c h e r s , and advo -cates i n s t i t u t i o n s keeping master nega t i ves o f photographs o f t h e i r mate r ia l whenever p o s s i b l e As a lways , there are a few t echn i ca l t i p s

Computer techno log ies are o n l y mentioned i n passing as they are d i scussed i n an e a r l i e r manual i n t h i s s e r i e s , by Η Τ H ickerson ( H i s Archives and manuscripts an

introduction to automated access Ch i cago , SAA, 1981, was rev iewed by Pe te r M i l l e r i n Archifacts, No 22ns, June 1982, pp 606-607 )

Sung's l a s t c h a p t e r , 'Managing a Reprographic S e r v i c e ' , cove rs some new ground inter alia, an i n t e r e s t i n g formula i s g i v e n f o r p r i c i n g c o p i e s , and the l e g a l aspects o f reprography are o u t l i n e d Of c o u r s e , a c c e p t a b i l i t y o f cop ies i s on l y d iscussed i n

30

A l though none o f the forms reproduced i n t h i s manual are l i k e l y to be e x a c t l y a p p l i c a b l e to r e p o s i t o r i e s i n t h i s c o u n t r y , they are worth some c o n s i d e r a t i o n as sam-p les o f good and bad l a y o u t , as we l l as sugges t ing p o s s i b l e items f o r i n c l u s i o n i n l o c a l v e r s i o n s o f the same forms The mam l e s s o n , however, must be tha t g r e a t e r comp lex i t y i n forms does not n e c e s s a r i l y mean g r e a t e r e f f i c i e n c y

Maybe New Zealand cou ld o f f e r some c o n t r i b u t i o n s to the next e d i t i o n

Chery l Y Campbell Well mg ton

++++++++++++++

Gav in McLean Oamaru harbour port in a storm Palmerston Nor th Dunmore P r e s s , 1982 176p $18 95

In 1974, 113 y e a r s a f t e r becoming a p o r t o f e n t r y , Oamaru harbour was c l osed In h i s h i s t o r y o f the p o r t , Gav in McLean makes good use o f the wea l th o f a r c h i v e s which i s a v a i l a b l e , and s c r u t i n i s e s c o l o n i a l economic growth i n a l o c a l i s e d area

The a u t h o r ' s account begins w i th an examinat ion o f the p r i m i t i v e f a c i l i t i e s o f the o r i g i n a l roadstead i n the l e e o f the southern cape With development came the pe renn ia l q u e s t i o n should the Oamaru Harbour Board b u i l d a p ro tec ted breakwater be-f o r e p r o v i d i n g j e t t y f a c i l i t i e s From then on Oamaru ha rbou r ' s h i s t o r y was cen t red on the breakwater - i t s d e s i g n , the b u i l d i n g mater ia l used , and the c o s t i n v o l v e d The main l i n e o f the breakwater was completed i n 1884, and , f o r y e a r s , the harbour c o n -s i s t e d o f j e t t i e s and wharves - Macandrew, Normanby, and Sumpter In 1880, a mole l y i n g a t r i g h t ang les to the breakwater was begun, and , almost as an a f t e r t h o u g h t , the most e f f e c t i v e whar f , Ho lmes ' , was c o n s t r u c t e d on the i n n e r s ide o f the mole , being completed i n 1907 Another theme i s tha t o f how the e n t e r p r i s i n g board s e c r e t a r y , Thomas F o r r e s t e r , d i sp roved the popu lar b e l i e f tha t a rocky bottom l i m i t e d the i n n e r harbour to a depth o f a dozen f e e t , and e s t a b l i s h e d dredg ing as an i n t e g r a l p a r t o f p o r t o p e r a t i o n s To the dredge "Progress" and i t s t e c h n i c a l l i m i t a t i o n s , McLean de-vo tes a l e n g t h y a p p e n d i x - s t y l e h i s t o r y

The au tho r sees the 1920s and 1930s as the p o r t ' s ha lcyon days when v e s s e l s o f 8000-9000 tons came and went i n r a p i d s u c c e s s i o n , t h e i r a r r i v a l and depar tu re v i n d i c a -t i n g the p r o g r e s s i v e aspect o f board p o l i c y But be fo re these were yea rs o f f i n a n c i a l t r o u b l e , examined i n the chap te r 'Bankrupt backwater 1 I n 1893 the board d e f a u l t e d on the payment o f a l o a n , a r e c e i v e r took o v e r , and app l i ed a p o l i c y which was "a mix o f extreme economy and a r e c o g n i t i o n o f the need f o r p rogress which r e s u l t e d i n the be la ted c o n s t r u c t i o n o f Holmes' wharf More might have been w r i t t e n on the y e a r - t o -y e a r ope ra t i ons o f the board under r e c e i v e r s h i p , and t he re i s scope f o r a comparison o f the r e s p e c t i v e management s k i l l s o f the board as an independent ope ra to r and under the eye o f the r e c e i v e r The ques t i on i s indeed touched o n , but o n l y b r i e f l y , i n an appendix

Gav in McLean i s c l e a r l y an h i s t o r i a n o f s h i p s , and indeed , what i s known as a ' l o v e r o f s h i p s ' For t h i s reason a generous , perhaps d i s p r o p o r t i o n a t e , amount o f space i s devoted to appendices on shipwrecks up t i l l 1972, sh ips owned a t Oamaru, and a schedule o f overseas v e s s e l s at Oamaru from 1907 to 1940 I would have p r e f e r r e d i t i f some o f t h i s space had been a l l o c a t e d to an a n a l y s i s o f balance s h e e t s , i n p a r t i c u l a r to f i g u r e s which would revea l how much revenue came from ra tes A l s o , more a t t e n t i o n might have been g i v e n to the amount o f g r a i n , f r o z e n meat and Oamaru stone shipped v i a the p o r t

An i n t e r e s t i n g p o s t - s c r i p t t o t h i s h i s t o r y i s the f a c t t h a t there i s now a w e l l -deve loped scheme to re-open and redeve lop the p o r t t o handle the l a r g e bulk cargoes o f cement which i t i s hoped w i l l come from a p r o j e c t e d cement works i n the d i s t r i c t

G M M i l l e r C h n s t church

31

A C C E S S I O N S

ALEXANDER TURNBULL LIBRARY

ANDREW, Char les B T h e a t r i c a l s c r a p -book, 1881-93, 1899 News c l i p p i n g s o f Auckland per formances, New Zealand tours and Sydney, 1893 1 ν

BLUMHARDT Family Papers , 1901-48, 1982 2 ν

BOOK Pub l i she rs A s s o c i a t i o n o f New Zealand Records, 1962-77 1 8 m RESTRICTED

CARBERY, Andrew Thomas J o u r n a l , 1863-65 E n t r i e s made w h i l s t surgeon w i t h the Four teenth Regiment based a t Auck land , Waikato and Raglan 1 ν

CURNOW, Τ Α Μ Papers , 1934-82 C o r r e s -pondence and c o r r e c t e d p roo fs o f pub l i shed poems 1 m RESTRICTED

MARSH, Dame Ngaio Papers , c ,1928-82 Manuscr ip t d r a f t s and p r o d u c e r ' s s c r i p t s i nc luded 1 5 m

O L L I V I E R , Isobe l Research no tes , m ic ro-f i l m and photographs o f mater ia l r e l a t i n g to French e x p l o r e r s ' i n New Zealand i n the e igh teen th and n i n e -teenth cen tu r i es 30 cm

ORR, A l l a n Scrapbook o f mate r ia l r e l a t i n g to We l l i ng ton t rade u n i o n s , 1880-1904 1 ν

PICKERING, Wi l l i am Hayward Papers, 1928, 1963-81 B iog raph i ca l papers r e l a t i n g to h i s ca reer i n c l ud i ng pe r i od as D i r e c t o r o f Cal t e c h ' s J e t P ropu ls ion Labora to ry 18 items

R0LLEST0N, Wi l l i am Papers , c 1858-1903 80 cm Permanent l o a n , depos i ted by Dunedin Pub l i c L i b r a r y

ST JOHN'S Church , We l l i ng ton Records , 1854-1973 11 7 m

SOUTH Makara School Logbook, 1874-79 1 ν

ARCHIVE OF NEW ZEALAND MUSIC

ASPEY, V Papers , 1927-74 7 cm and 1 tape RESTRICTED

BAILEY-JARMAN, C Music s c o r e s , [1949-78] 13 cm

CAMBRIDGE Music School V i d e o t a p e , 1981 RESTRICTED

DAVERNE, G M Music s c o r e s , 1954-80 15 cm and 4 tapes RESTRICTED

DAVIES, Dorothy Papers , 1920-81 30 cm Tapes , [n d ] 1981 3 tapes PARTLY RESTRICTED

t

DELL0W, Ronald G Music s c o r e s , 1948-82, tape o f reminisanees 7 cm and 3 tapes PARTLY RESTRICTED

DOWNING, Dorothy Autob iography [1978] (copy) 1 ν

HAMILTON, D Β Music s c o r e s , 1978-81 9 items

HILTON, A Papers , c 1946-82 1 75 ACCESS SUBJECT TO SORTING

MACKY, Κ F ( ' W i l l o w ' ) Music s c o r e s , [1956-77] 17 items

McLEOD, J e n n i f e r H "P iece of, w a l l " (1982) 2 f o l d e r s Scrapbook, 1968-72 1 ν

MUNR0, Donald G A New Zealand Opera Company pape rs , 1953-72 23 cm

NEW Zealand Department o f Educat ion Compose r - i n - schoo l s , music s c o r e s , 1978-79 3 cm and 6 tapes RESTRICTED

NORTON, C G Music s c o r e s , 1969-77 33 cm

PHILL IPS, Μ Ρ Β Music s c o r e s , 1968-79 40 cm

PRUDEN, L 1 t a p e , 1982 RESTRICTED

RIMMER, J F Music s c o r e s , 1964-77 12 cm

STEVENS, J F Music scores and p a p e r s , 1947?-82 26 cm

STILLER, J Documentation o f h i s t o r i c p ipe organs i n New Zea land , 1981-82 35 ν

TAYLOR, J W Music scores and pape rs , [1911-77] 37 cm

32

THOMSON, John M Tapes , 1981 2 casse t tes RESTRICTED

WHITE, H Τ Music scores and papers , [1930s-60s] 26 cm

WHITEHEAD, G i l l i a n Music s c o r e s , 1970-81 (pho tocop ies ) 13 items

CANTERBURY MUSEUM, CHRISTCHURCH

BARKER, Dr A C L e t t e r s w r i t t e n t o h i s f a t h e r i n Eng land , 1850-51 4 cm

BARKER, Sarah E l i z a b e t h Reminiscences ( c o p y ) 1 ν

CHAPLIN, Henry D i a r i e s , 1889-1904 3 ν

CHRISTCHURCH Tramping Club A d d i t i o n a l r e c o r d s , 1932-70 7 cm

MENZIES, J Η D i a r y w r i t t e n by h i s daughter on a t r i p from the West Coast t o Nelson and We l l i ng ton 1883 ( i l l u s t r a t e d ) 1 ν

PRICE, A Η Shipboard d i a r y on board the Lancashire Witch, 1863 (copy ) 1 V

NATIONAL ARCHIVES, WELLINGTON

CABINET O f f i c e Cab ine t Papers , 1950-52, Cab ine t Meet ings f i l e s , 1955-60, Sub jec t f i l e s , 1949-57 30 m

CITRUS Market ing A u t h o r i t y Sub jec t f i l e s p r i c e schedu les , s t anda rds , g rowers ' meet ings , s tock r e p o r t s e t c , 1953-80 4 m

CUSTOMS Department F i l e s on produc ts impor ted , f a b r i c s , machinery e t c , GATT, ECAFE, OECD, UNCTAD, 1910-80 ( p r i m a r i l y 1965-77) 20 m

DEPARTMENT o f S o c i a l Wel fare C h i l d We l fa re resea rch (and research a d m i n i s t r a t i o n ) f i l e s , i n c l u d i n g J o i n t Committee on Young O f f e n d e r s , 1938-75 3 m

MINISTRY o f Defence (Navy) Ships l o g s , 1952-82, Cypher f i l e s , 1939-51, Monthly an t i - submar ine r e p o r t s , 1939-45, Naval Board memoranda, 1933-40 35 m

NEW Zealand F o r e s t S e r v i c e Personal ( S t a f f ) f i l e s , 1920+ 4 m RESTRICTED

REGISTRAR o f Companies, W e l l i n g t o n F i l e s o f companies s t r uck o f f 1970-78, 1904-78 94 m

STATE S e r v i c e s Commission Sub jec t f i l e s f o r Nat iona l Research A d v i s o r y Committee, 1964-80 2 m

TARIFF and Development Board Sub jec t f i l e s , 1952-76 6 m RESTRICTED

NATIONAL ARCHIVES, AUCKLAND

DEPARTMENT o f Lands and S u r v e y , Auckland A l lo tment books, r e g i s t e r s o f land s a l e s , war ran ts o f t i t l e , a p p l i c a t i o n s f o r l a n d , account books ( t enu re l e d g e r s ) r e g i s t e r s o f Par i sh p l a n s , e t c , 1851-1960 33 m

VALUATION Department, Manukau C i t y R o l l s (bo th Bradma and compu te r i sed ) , 1968-71 8 m

WANGANUI REGIONAL MUSEUM

MINISTRY o f Works and Development Plans o f proposed D u n e H i l l cab le c a r , 1918 ( c o p i e s ) 4 sheets

POLICE Department ( v i a p u b l i c a u c t i o n ) Wanganui D i s t r i c t Order Book, 1899-1942 1 ν

WANGANUI C i t y Counc i l S t r e e t and s e c t i o n p l a n s , c 1920-40 17 sheets

O B J E C T S OF T H E A S S O C I A T I O N

1 . TO FOSTER the care , p reserva t ion , and proper use of arch ives and reco rds , both publ ic and p r i va te , and the i r e f fec t ive admin is t ra t ion .

2. TO AROUSE publ ic awareness of the importance of arch ives and records and in a l l matters a f fec t ing the i r preservat ion and use , and to co-operate or a f f i l i a t e with any other bodies in New Zealand or elsewhere with l i ke ob jec ts .

3 . TO PROMOTE the t ra in ing of a r c h i v i s t s , records keepers, cu ra to r s , l i b r a r i a n s and others by the d isseminat ion of spec ia l i sed knowledge and by encouraging the p rov is ion of adequate t ra in ing in the admin is t ra t ion and conservat ion of arch ives and records .

4 . TO ENCOURAGE research into problems connected with the use , admin is t ra t ion and conservat ion of arch ives and records , and to promote the pub l ica t ion of the r e s u l t s of t h i s research.

5. TO PROMOTE the standing of arch ives i n s t i t u t i o n s .

6. TO ADVISE and support the establ ishment of arch ives serv ices throughout New Zealand.

7. TO PUBLISH a bu l l e t i n at leas t once a year and other pub l ica t ions in furtherance of these ob jec ts .

MEMBERSHIP of the Assoc ia t i on i s open to any ind iv idua l or i n s t i t u t i o n in terested in fos te r ing the objects of the A s s o c i a t i o n . Subscr ip t ion rates are :

$NZ 10-00 i nd i v i dua l s - $NZ 15-00 i n s t i t u t i o n s . Overseas members who wish airmai l d ispatch of not ices and bu l l e t i ns w i l l need to advise of the i r requirements. The addi t ional fee w i l l depend on current postal charges.

App l i ca t ions to j o in the A s s o c i a t i o n , membership renewals and correspondence on related matters should be addressed to the Membership Secre ta ry , A . R . A . N . Z . , P .O. Box 11-553 , Manners S t ree t , We l l ing ton , New Zealand.

ARCHIFACTS i s the o f f i c i a l bu l l e t i n of the Arch ives and Records Assoc ia t i on of New Zealand Incorporated. I t continues the bu l l e t i n of the same t i t l e , p rev ious ly publ ished by the Arch ives Committee of the New Zealand L ibrary A s s o c i a t i o n , 9 i ssues of which appeared between Apr i l 1974 and October 1976. The successor "new s e r i e s " contained 24 i s s u e s (nos . 4 & 5 , 7 & 8 were combined) with consecut ive paginat ion from February 1977 to December 1982. From March 1983 i ssues of the bu l l e t i n are numbered sequent ia l l y wi th in the year of pub l i ca t i on , with the paginat ion commencing af resh with the f i r s t i ssue fo r each year . Current ly ARCHIFACTS i s publ ished quar te r l y , at the end of March, June, September and December.

Subsc r ip t ions toARCHIFACTS are through membership of the Assoc ia t i on at the rates adver t ised above. Copies of ind iv idua l i s s u e s , however, w i l l be ava i lab le to non-members at NZ$3-00 per copy ( i s sue 23 ns i s $ 5 - 0 0 ) .

Enqui r ies concerning the content of ARCHIFACTS ( inc lud ing adver t i s ing ) non-receipt of an i ssue (or receipt of an imperfect copy) and requests fo r back or s i ng le i ssues should be addressed to the Ed i to r .

A l l members (and others) are welcome to submit a r t i c l e s , shor t n o t i c e s , l e t te rs e tc . to the Ed i to r . Copy deadl ine i s the 15th of the month preceding pub l ica t ion ( i . e . 15 May fo r the June i s s u e , e t c . ) . Book reviews should be sent d i rec t l y to the Reviews Ed i t o r ; de ta i l s of access ions d i rec t l y to the Access ions Co-ord ina tor .

EDITOR:

ASSOCIATE EDITORS:

REVIEWS EDITOR:

ACCESSIONS C0-0RDINAT0R:

Michael Hodder, P.O. Box 2 8 - 0 1 1 , Kelburn, Wel l ington 5 .

Cheryl Campbell; Brad Pa t te rson ; Mark Stevens

Richard Greenaway, 8 Mascot P lace , Chr i s t church .

Jane W i l d , Manuscr ipts S e c t i o n , Alexander Turnbull L i b ra r y , P .O. Box 12-349, Wel l ing ton.

ISSN 0303-7940

C O N T E N T S

EDITORIAL: Wel l -wishers and Do-gooders

HAWKE'S BAY PROVINCIAL NEWSPAPERS

THE NEW ZEALAND WAR MEDAL INDEX AT NATIONAL ARCHIVES

MAORI MANUSCRIPT COLLECTING

SOME NOTES ON THE CANTERBURY MUSEUM MAP CATALOGUE

MARJORIE PARK, CONSERVATOR, BNZ ARCHIVES

COUNCIL NOTES

BRANCH NEWS

ANALECTA

Survey of ear ly New Zealand newspapers: National Co-ord inator for the Conservat ion of Cul tural Proper ty ; Managing h i s to r i ca l records ; Conference Proceedings, 1982; Conference 1983; National A rch i ves ' news; New Zealand Map Keepers' C i r c l e , 8th annual seminar; L i b ra r i ansh ip course a t t rac ts a r c h i v i s t s ; Canterbury g l e a n i n g s ; Seminar on records and arch ives management fo r Auckland area local a u t h o r i t i e s ; J .M. Sherrard awards in New Zealand regional h i s t o r y ; Archifacts m ispos t i ng ; Conservator a v a i l a b l e ; Sa la ry survey of a r c h i v i s t s in U . S . A . ; Pub l i sh ing Alber t E i n s t e i n ' s papers; Rat io a n a l y s i s on arch iva l s t a t i s t i c s ; S . A . A . Task Force on I ns t i t u t i ona l Eva lua t i on ; Luther commemoration; C i t i z e n ' s Advice Bureau reco rds ; Arch ives of r e t a i l e r s .

BOOK REVIEWS

Stanley Roche The red and the gold : an informal account

of the Waihi strike, 1912

J . H . von Dadelszen

M . H . S . Stevens

Sharon Dell

B r ian Love l l -Smi th

Robin G r i f f i n

R O S S Meurant The red squad story

Carolyn Hoover Sung Archives and manuscripts : reprography

Society of American A r c h i v i s t s ' Forms Manual Task Force Archival forms manual

Gavin McLean Oamaru harbour : port in a storm

(Richard H i l l )

(Richard L . N . Greenaway)

(Cheryl Y. Campbell)

(G.M. M i l l e r )

1

2

8

13

15

16

17

18

18

25

26

(Jonathan Adams) 27

ACCESSIONS

29

30

31

SUPPLEMENT: RECORDS MANAGEMENT NEWSLETTER 1 (between pp.16-17)

AN AUSTRALIAN RECORDS MANAGER IN NEW ZEALAND Jonathan Adams

A BATTLE IN PROGRESS : PALMERSTON NORTH CITY CORPORATION Ian Matheson

CENTRAL GOVERNMENT RECORD-KEEPING, 1912-14

OVERSEAS PERSPECTIVES

Records managers : a s h o r t - l i v e d p r o f e s s i o n ? ; F A I S , a paper less o f f i c e ; Who should run records cent res?

R E G I S T E R E D AT THE POST O F F I C E H E A D Q U A R T E R S . W E L L I N G T O N .

A S A M A G A Z I N E