ArchEng2012 Lecture Web
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Transcript of ArchEng2012 Lecture Web
AdvancedStructures Group
Origami in Engineering and Architecture An art spanning Mathematics, Engineering and Architecture
Dr Mark Schenk (ms652)October 25th 2012
Origami
Objective:
introduction to Origami in mathematics, engineering and architecture. Examples from academic research and real life applications.
Today
- lecture (~1 hr)
- workshop + presentations (~2 hrs)
Origami
origami– from Japanese for ‘oru’ (fold) and ‘kami’ (paper)
– earliest book to describe origami dates to 1682, with the classic crane dating to a 1797 book “The Secret of One Thousand Cranes Origami”
– resurgence of interest in 20th century– rapid development over the last 2 decades.
Origami Art
Pho
to courtesy of A
ndrea
s Ba
uer
http://w
ww.flickr.co
m/photos/ja
sohill/1
18616905/sizes/m
/in/photostrea
m/
From simple…
Origami Art : tessellations
‘Star Tessellation’ by Eric Gjerde
http://ww
w.flickr.com
/photos/874778
35@N
00/503
86421
36
/
Origami Art : tessellationshttp://w
ww
.flickr.com/p
hotos/o
rigomi/2
900318
86/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/9874847@N03/
Origami Art : tessellations
http://ww
w.flickr.com
/photos/polyscene/220093
7797/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/cambridgeuniversity-engineering/4706414628/
http://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/22/science/22orig.html
http://www.theiff.org/oexhibits/paper04.html
http://www.graficaobscura.com/huffman/index.html
David Huffman (1925-1999)
Origami Art : curved folding
Origami Art : developments
increased model complexity– crease patterns vs. linear folding instructions– computer aided design of models– a more fundamental understanding of the
underlying mathematics of origami
Designed and folded by Robert J. Lang
Origami Mathematics
origami & mathematics are deeply intertwined
• origami foldability
i.e. can a crease pattern actually be folded?
• surface geometry
i.e. what shapes can you attain?
Origami Mathematics : flat foldability
• flat foldability
after folding all creases by ±180°, the final pattern lies in a plane
Kawasaki-Justin theorem: θ1 − θ2 + θ3 − θ4 = 0
Origami Mathematics : flat foldability
• flat foldability – counter example
engineering : compact stowage
Origami Mathematics : rigid foldability
• rigid foldability
if the pattern were made of rigid panels connected by hinges, it can be folded.
Dureisseix (2011)
engineering : deployable (or rigid) plate structures
Origami Mathematics : rigid foldability
• rigid foldability – counter example
paper shopping bag only ‘exists’ in either the collapsed or upright position.
Balkcom (2004)
Origami Mathematics : rigid foldability
a rigid-foldable shopping bag:
Wu and You (2011)
Further research: Huffman (1976), Wu and You (2010), Stachel (2009,2010), Tachi (2009)
Origami Mathematics : foldability
modelling the 'unfoldable'
Dias, Dudte, Mahadevan, Santangelo (2012)
Origami Mathematics : surface geometry
Sphere: positive Gaussian curvature
Atlas: zero Gaussian curvature
surface geometry (aka, differential Geometry)
What kind of folded shapes can we attain?
- assume no stretching deformations (i.e. developable)
?
Origami Mathematics : surface geometry
Sphere: positive Gaussian curvature
Atlas: zero Gaussian curvature
Origami Mathematics : surface geometry
developable surface (i.e. a sheet of paper)
Gaussian curvature is invariant under bending
Origami Mathematics : surface geometryK
ilian et al. (2008)
engineering : curved surfaces from flat sheets
Image courtesy of Carol M. Highsmith
Frank Gehry (1999) Walt Disney Concert Hall (Los Angeles, USA)
Origami Mathematics : surface geometry
Summary
Origami Mathematics
be aware of certain concepts:
- flat foldability
- rigid foldability
- surface geometry (Gaussian curvature)
It is an active field of mathematics!
Engineering Origami
Engineering Origami :
application of origami to solve technical problems.
Examples from my current research (i.e. shameless self-promotion):
i) Deployable Space Structures
ii) Folded Meta-Materials
Engineering Origami : deployable
i) Deployable Space Structures
• inflatable satellite de-orbiting device• large sail structure (2x2m)• 3U CubeSat
3U CubeSat
Inflatable booms2μm mylar membrane
Engineering Origami : deployable
Inflatable Booms• Inflatable Antenna Experiment (IAE, 1996)
L'Garde & NASA JPL (1996)
Engineering Origami : deployable
So, how do you fold an inflatable boom?
• rolling/coiling• folding
- z-fold
- origami patterns
• conical stowageILC Dover (ITSAT)
Wang and Johnson (2003); NASA LaRC
Engineering Origami : deployable
origami booms (1/3)
Guest and Pellegrino (1994)
Barker and Guest (2004) Hoberman (1993)
Engineering Origami : deployable
origami booms (3/3)
- stowed volume (flat-foldable)
- material deformation (rigid-foldable)
- straightness of deployment
Schenk, Viquerat, Seffen and Guest (2012)
Engineering Origami : deployable
conical telescopic booms (1/2)
- concentric folds
- telescopic deployment
Palisoc (2004)
L'Garde, ISPSS (2005)
Engineering Origami : Meta-Materials
ii) Folded Meta-Materials
“Meta-Material - A synthetic composite material engineered to display properties not usually found in natural materials.”
• fold patterns introduce kinematic properties
Schenk and Guest (2012)
Engineering Origami : Meta-Materials
Basic component: Miura-ori sheet
a) Folded Shell Structure
b) Folded Cellular Meta-Material
Engineering Origami : Meta-Materials
application : morphing structures
- change shape
- maintain continuous surface
Example: morphing wings
Engineering Origami : Meta-Materials
b) Folded Cellular Meta-Material
- stacking of folded layers
- maintains folding motion
Engineering Origami : Meta-Materials
novel properties:
- omni-directional negative Poisson's ratio
- highly anisotropic material properties
Engineering Origami : Meta-Materials
Folded Sandwich Panel Core
- blast impact mitigation
blastimpact
Schenk, Guest, McShane (2012)
Engineering Origami : Meta-Materials
folded sandwich panel core
- numerical simulations
- core manufacture
Engineering Origami : applications
Engineering Origami : application of origami to solve technical problems.
i) deployability
ii) increased stiffness
iii) impact absorption
iv) meta-materials
v) energy-efficiency
Miura-ori sheet
Engineering Origami : deployable
i) deployable structures– space telescope – solar panels
Miura and Natori (1989)
Lang (2003)
Engineering Origami : deployable
i) deployable structures– solar sails
Leipold et al. (2002) JAXA IKAROS (2010)
Guest (1992)
Engineering Origami : deployable
i) deployable structures– emergency shelters– medical stent– bio-mechanics
de Temmerman (2007)
Kuribayashi et al. (2006)
Kobayashi (1999)
Engineering Origami : deployable
most common fold pattern: Miura-ori
– flat-foldable– rigid-foldable
Engineering Origami : deployable
generalized Miura-ori: rigid-foldable and flat-foldable
Tachi (2009–2011)http://www.tsg.ne.jp/TT/software/
Origami Engineering : stiffness
ii) increased stiffness– sandwich panel cores
Miura (1972)
Rapp (1960)
Heimbs (2007)
Engineering Origami : impact resistance
iii) impact resistance– sandwich panel cores
Elsayed and Basily (2004)
Tessellated Group (2010)
Engineering Origami : impact resistance
iii) impact resistance– car crash boxes
Wu (2010)
Miura (1969)
Tarnai (1994)
Engineering Origami : meta-materials
iv) meta-materials– deployable cellular solids
Miura and Tachi (2010), Tachi (2011)
Engineering Origami : meta-materials
iv) meta-materials– curved corrugated
shell structures
Seffen (2012)
Norman (2009)
Engineering Origami : energy efficiency
v) energy-efficient manufacturing
- sheet metal bending
- curved folding
Tachi and Epps (2011)
Engineering Origami : curved folding
• curved folding : RoboFold
www.robofold.com
Rhino3D with Grasshopper and Kangaroo
Summary
Origami Engineering
used for a wide range of technical applications:
i) deployable structures
ii) increased stiffness
iii) impact resistance
iv) meta-materials
v) sheet metal folding
And more applications are being developed!
Origami Architecture : applications
1) folded plate roofs / façades– mechanical advantage
– visual appeal
– materiality : timber, glass, etc.
– approximation to curved surfaces
2) deployable architectural structures
3) transformable / kinematic architecture
Origami Architecture : folded plates
Skidmore, Owings and Merill (1956)US Air Force Academy Cadet Chapel, Colorado Springs
Origami Architecture : folded plates
Renzo Piano (1966)
Mobile Sulphur Extraction Factory, Pomezia, Rome
Origami Architecture : Ron Resch
http://ww
w.ron
resch.co
m
"Made with Paper Show" Nov. 1967
(1960-1963)
Origami Architecture : foldable dome
http://flickr.co
m/photos/7256
7727@N
00
/pa
ge2/
http://w
ww
.flickr.com/photos/elelvis/
Origami Architecture : folded plates
Foreign Office Architects (2002)Yokohama International Cruise Terminal
http://www.richardsweeney.co.uk
Origami Architecture : folded plates
St. Bridget Church
Gdańsk, Poland
From “Heavenly vaults: from Romanesque to Gothic in European architecture”
Origami Architecture : folded plate
Revival of interest in folded plate structures?
Recent developments
• timber / glass structures
• computer design tools
• free-form geometry (i.e. BLOB architecture)
Origami Architecture : timber panels
computer design tools
case study:temporary chapel of St. Loup
Buri et al. (2009)
Origami Architecture : glass panels
Olafur Eliasson (2007)
One-way Colour Tunnel
http://www.designboom.com/weblog/cat/10/view/1647/take-your-time-olafur-eliasson.html
http://flux.net/take-your-time-olafur-eliasson-new-york
Origami Architecture : deployable
http://www.inhabitat.com/2008/10/22/origami-inspired-folding-bamboo-house-by-ming-trang/
Origami Architecture : deployable
http://www.inhabitat.com/2008/09/03/matthew-malone-recovery-shelter/
accordeon reCover shelter
Boler and Tandon (1967)
Origami Architecture : deployable
Emilio Pérez Piñero (1935-1972)
http://ww
w.flickr.com
/photos/wan
nesdeprez/4663
71180/
http://www.u.arizona.edu/~shunter/pinero.jpg
http://www.archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=851
Origami Architecture : transformable
L’institut du Monde Arabe, ParisJean Nouvel (1987)
Iris Dome, 2000Worlds Fair, Hannover, Germany
Adaptable Sunshade, 2006Building Center Trust, London, UK
Origami Architecture : transformable
http://ww
w.hob
erm
an.com
http://www.adaptivebuildings.com
Chuck Hoberman
Origami Architecture : transformable
Kiefer Technic Bad GleichenbergGiselbrecht + Partner ZT GmbH (2007)
http://hyposurface.org/
Hyposurface (concept)Hyposurface Corp (2000)
Origami Architecture : transformable
Robotic Membrane (concept); OrangeVoid
http://www.orangevoid.org.uk
Origami Architecture : transformable
Summary
Origami Artrecent developments due to computational tools and improved understanding of its mathematics
Origami Mathematics– active field of mathematics– be aware of some of the concepts
• foldability (flat & rigid)
• surface geometry (Gaussian curvature)
Summary
Origami Engineeringused for a variety of applications, mainly for the design of deployable structures
Origami Architecture– folded plate structures
• visual appeal / strength / deployability / materiality
– kinematic architecture• very much under-explored; plenty of challenges