Archaeological evidence of Flood in the Black Sea

Prehistory in the northern coast The old territories inhabited in Thrace and south coast have become small, and in the end of the Neolithic, through mountain passes, the late Neolithic culture has penetrated into the northern coast and the vast Danube Valley. There it has developed new crafts, has organized the extraction of salt, processing of the lake gifts, has produced and ceramics. The water transport has developed. They have exchanged their goods for metal and leather. They have travelled with their boats on the rivers towards the inside, and have studied the lake shoreline. In 1978, Dr Nikolay Panaiotov digs up a large mound near Provadiya, occurred during the late-Neolithic. He remains amazed by organized in it large-scale production of salt. He has named it „Salty town.“ He has discovered the late-Neolithic salt production, the earliest in Europe. In recent years, ibid, Prof. V. Nikolov examines Chalcolithic continuation of this production. Provadiya is 37 kilometers away from the necropolis and has been the undisputed participant in the then community. The oldest European salt was extracted in industrial quantities for its time. Initially, the water from the exceptionally salty local springs has been poured into large bowls with a diameter of about half a meter. They have placed the containers in the furnaces at high temperature, and have received salty rounds. About 4500 BC the mode of production has changed. The brine has already poured in huge deep utensils with a height of 80 cm and a diameter of 60 centimeters. They were arranged in large pits, in which they have maintained fire. They have covered the vessel walls with kaolin, in order the brine to not penetrate into them. Water has evaporated only through the throat, then they were breaking the vessels and were receiving saline „kegs“. But how far they have traveled? And against what? Settlements and their wrong dating The studies of prehistoric settlements, submerged in the Varna’s lakes have began in 1921year with the trenching of the channel between the Varna and Beloslav lake. Then Shkorpil brothers have discovered the first submerged settlement. They have defined it as a pile-dwelling. During the second half of the XX century in the construction of the coal pier of TPP- Varna, of Transtroy Company and other construction activities for industrial sites along the south and north shore of the lakes, near them or into them, have been found numerous remains of similar settlements. So far, 13 settlements under the waters of the Varna Lake are known. There is no similar complex elsewhere upon the earth. Much more data on the sunken settlements are available from the region of the Shipyard, the channel between the Devnya and the Varna Lake, the western edge of the sandy line of the island, under the new (Asparuhov) bridge, etc. Discovered until now submerged settlements along with their controversial dating are:

1 - south side of the channel to the old bridge - Eneolithic and Bronze Age 2 - before the current factory “Hristo Botev” - Bronze Age (?) 3 - in the courtyard of Morflot, south, right next to the world famous late Neolithic necropolis - Eneolithic and Bronze Age 4 - before Topolite railway station - Bronze Age 5 - Ezerovo - Eneolithic and Bronze Age 6 - TPP “Varna” - Eneolithic and Bronze Age

7 - Arsenal- the new workshop - Eneolithic and Bronze Age 8 - Ladzha- the old workshop - Bronze Age 9 - Strashimirovo- the old railway station - Eneolithic and Bronze Age 10 - Strashimirovo - the bridge of the old railway line - Bronze Age 11 - western end of the Beloslav lake - Eneolithic and Bronze Age 12 - at Station Povelyanovo - Eneolithic and Bronze Age 13 - the swamps between railway stations Povelyanovo and Razdelna - under the route of the railway line - Bronze Age.

Submerged settlements exist in South Black Sea coast as well - near Atia was found in the construction of a military base, in Kiten - at Urdoviza, two within the Sozopol bay. The found artefacts are synchronous with those from Varna. The discovered dross from copper ore, as well as finished copper products indicates for intensive production activities. All of them are found at a great depth (up to 15-18 m) in the dredging of the lakes and channels for construction or repair. The look of the ceramics is different from that in the necropolis and settlements from the inside, because of their long stay in an anaerobic layer and because of the organic content of the clay. For the same reason, and the flint tools are almost black. But the shape of the vessels, the composition of the clay and the patterns on them carry the characteristic features of ages, when they are made and can be dated by the method of Detev. We are amid the sickest problem in Bulgarian prehistory! - the deceptive “sameness” of the ceramics from the Late Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age. It aggravates by the fact that the late-Neolithic ceramics has been grown in Thrace and is less familiar to the north. It is “import”; it is coming there barely in the approach to the Eneolithic. Only few archaeologists know it in details. The wrong dating devastates a number of scientific efforts and deprives us of the history of the oldest European culture. The settlements have followed the features of the terrain and are submerged at approximately the same depth. Along the only 18 km line so far have been found by accident whole 13 settlement; what might be around? What kind of picture we draw so far?! In the bays is hidden the mystery, which has destroyed the first civilization. There is the key to unriddle the massive flood. It is absurd the found artefacts to be treated as oopart * events. Attempts to summary of the prehistoric culture in the central Balkans, however, are lacking. Strangely poorly seen Neolithic culture in the bays cuts them off from the rest, “oldest” part of the Balkans and deprives them of origin.

And since a continuation is lacking, the accidentally discovered necropolis 40 years was puzzling the worldwide scientific elite; it was sitting isolated, without origin and without continuation, abandoned and by its parents and by its children!? Permanently and responsibly, was blaring that in the Varna Bay there is nothing more than Eneolithic with the beginnings of an early Bronze Age. Archaeologists from the local museum only whisper for another necropolis, again Eneolithic, but older than his famous brother, but only with ... 500 years!? Artifacts from it have been brought “by “some gypsies” who have ... destroyed it?! The submerged settlements would solve the mystery. The local archeology exists in encountered no elsewhere comfort, offered by the oldest sustainable European past - the multilayered mounds, similar of the pyramids of Egypt are visible on every side. But the submerged settlements in the bays would have completed the history. They characterize the culture of homogeneous population; cultural continuity and spiritual closeness. I hope that we have gained sufficient knowledge, skills and wits, to give them

a proper evaluation in the name of the truth about one astonishing past, overtaken by a pathetic tragedy. * The accidental discoveries during construction activities have different logic. Archaeologists do not like them and do not examine them further. The sudden gloss of the gold, illumined once the coast, accumulates the whole public attention. Contrary to all common sense, it “satiated” the specialists, and actions about disclosure of its origin have not been divulgated. It remained an isolated fact! But why are found submerged settlements? And what has happened to them once, and they have descended to such depths? Fallen through or submerged by water, dragging along with it a sand, clay and rubble. What a disaster has sunk them so deep? All of the submerged settlements are found at 15 meters below contemporary level of the terrain. The houses were built on the shore, i.e. 2 m higher. There is evidence that in the fifth millennium BC the water level in the today’s lakes were 10 m below. The archaeologist Ivan Ivanov has studied a small area of 25 square meters (as much as one room) in submerged area by the “Arsenal.” There, with dendrochronological analysis has been dated the supporting wooden pillars of submerged houses. (Christian Orcel et Alain Orcel - Analyses dendrochronologiques de bois provenent du site lacustre d’Arsenala a Varna - Thracia Pontica, IV, p. 165-160). “Their age is in the period of 3945 - 3520 BC in Eneolithic layer with a thickness of up to 0.90 m. Except supporting pillars of the buildings, there have been and implements, fragments of pottery and many animal bones. The flooding has destroyed the stratigraphy in The disaster was sudden or with a rapid increase of the water level and with sufficient force, to dilute everything in a common layer with a complete stratigraphic disarray. The supporting pillars, however, have withheld, and this has misled the archeologists, that they are from a platform of pile-dwellings. The water level had maintained long time on the new height. The layer of marine molluscs, covering the Eneolithic sediments is with a thickness of up to 0.90 m. There are no artefacts or pollen in it, i.e. lack of life in it. “The disorder, caused by water

Archaeological evidence of Flood in the Black Sea The condition, in which are the artefacts from the submerged settlements has generalized features, which are a criterion for the way of their flooding. * They are found too many intact ceramic vessels, which speaks of panic leaving the dwellings. * There are found many tools of stone, antlers, incl. and preparations, which would not have been abandoned at scheduled departure. * The lack of stratigraphy suggests the invasion of a large water wave, bearing sediments - disorder under sandy clayey layer. * In their construction, the main pillars of the wooden structure, as well as the supporting pillars carrying the roof of the dwellings, have not been driven into water, but in drought. The bark of the tree is saved on them . If they have been submerged in the slowly rising water, the bark would be stripped. This is the strongest refutation of the deception that the discovered settlements were pile-dwellings.

According to research associate Ivan Ivanov, indirect argument for the size of the disaster is that “much of the late-Neolithic layers in many of the settlement mounds around the country have burnt, and over them there is a hiatus, thick 30-40 cm. It shows that over the Eneolithic layer at” Arsenal “, the sterile layer (hiatus) was thick whole 90-100 cm?! He claims that over this hiatus has discovered a cultural layer of the early Bronze Age. Moreover with a thickness at

places up to 3.5 meters (!?). It has been also homogeneous, as well as the earlier . He concludes that then also there was a sharp rise of the water level. The new flooding again has maintained on the terrain. It is probably the last of the repeated sharp rise in sea level, according the findings on the waterfront to the present days. Only in rapidly accumulated sediments, carried by the incoming high water column, may get this picture of submerged settlement. Other data suggest an earthquake, followed by a powerful tsunami. “ But how the destroyed stratigraphy in the submerged settlements fits into this scientific description, which discusses the cultural layers? “Private” arguments In 1976, vessels and antlers, broken pillars and even a dugout boat have appeared suddenly at digging of pier for coal, right next to TPP Varna, known as Coal pier). The dredgers should have reach 15 m depth. Their buckets have begun to take out sand and rubble. According to the statement of Nikolay Uvaliev, who has worked on a site as frogman, otherwise a journalist by profession, after the excavation, they would „tamp“ the bottom with coarse gravel and put a giant concrete stopper, which will press down the silt and will prevent the new silting). Then something unexpected happened. In the last meters of dredging, the buckets disasters is another reason for archeological delusions. The Varna Necropolis, according comparative method, correlating the radiocarbon dating, has existed from 4.600 to 4.200 BC (in absolute dates) from 3.600 to 3.200 BC (in conventional dates).have begun to take out a black clayey mud. After a time, was heard how the teeth of the buckets break wooden pillars and have pulled on the surface large pieces of wood. The alive and very well preserved internal wood has impressed the people. But here the buckets have dumped of the conveyor belt ceramic pottery and antlers. The miracles that day have not ended. Most of the vessels were intact, and some of them were freshly broken by the teeth of the dredging bucket. The summoned archaeologist stood on the site three days, but his conclusion was that what has been discovered is of no interest! The museum has been full of similar ceramics from the other submerged settlements... Then those present have taken for remembrance a random set of artefacts. The sculptor-amateur Maya Bruckner has equipped with clay to carve her own sculptures. Her collection came to us. It contains 10-ish vessels, intact, or smashed by the buckets, or single fragments, a deer horn and a kilogram of clay. Absolute surprise is the presence of late-Neolithic vessels in one unrepresentative sample for the settlement. The presence of Late-Neolithic changes drastically its history. LATE-NEOLITHIC VESSEL OF THE REGION OF THE VARNA NECROPOLIS The vessel was received in the International Foundation for the Bulgarian Heritage „P. Detev „from the private collection of Dr. Maya Bruckner. It has the dimensions: - diameter of the bottom 11.5 cm, preserved height 11 cm., diameter at the mouth 16 cm. Its thickness is 7 mm at the base and 5 mm at the top. The vessel is made by hand from rough, unpurified clay, dark in color, but highly faded to light brown in places, probably from the stay in an environment with high percentage humidity. Its outer decoration consists of cruciate located fluted grooves, closing „paths“, between which are placed 4 rows, made by using the so-called impresso technique.

The vertical fluted trails are 4, and are placed opposite to each other, as if they define the 4 cardinal directions. Between fluted grooves, as I already mentioned, has been affixed a decoration with fingernail indentations, which is also of four, parallel to direction dashed lines. Thus formed, four vertical paths are crossing by one horizontal fluted path with the same

decoration of indentations. The fingernail was layed, following the direction of the vertical and horizontal flutes.

As geometry, the decoration is not made accurately. The horizontal paths after the interruption of the vertical continue with a serious difference in the width of the path-frame. The “nail ornament“ is inlaid with white ocher. Inside the container at the bottom and the lower zone is preserved a thick plaster (probably) with white ocher, and up to the mouth has barely preserved separate spots. It can be assumed that this plaster may be with other organic origin. To prove the above are required chemical and biochemical analyzes. According to the techniques of manufacture, the form, the composition of the clay and the decoration, I would refer the vessel to the late-Neolithic. In issued in 2002 year a monograph „The original homeland of Thracians“ of Prof. Peter Detev, in the section „Late Neolithic“ are described the indicated here marks. According Detev, the culture Maritza (and Thrace) is the homeland of the late Neolithic period, which he defines as a local, original culture. All secondary marks of the vessel - quality of the clay and the handmade indicate to this era, although the dating of such ceramic products in our country is far from an isolated phenomenon. This is a precedent in Bulgarian prehistory because so far the archeologists, regardless of the rich ceramic material taken out of so-called submerged settlements, have not determined so far the presence of artefacts from that period. This allows for a different interpretation of the origin of the Varna Chalcolithic Necropolis and is consistent with the hypothesis of P. Detev, which I maintain, that the late- Neolithic style was invented and developed only in Thrace, and later, in its final phase, has crossed the natural mountain barriers, to spread to the northern coast and the Danube plain. The opportunity to rewrite the origin of the Varna Necropolis passes through the study of the geological causes, led to the numerous submerged settlements. I would recommend one technical probe near one of these perished Only then, we can build the model of development, led to this brilliant Eneolithic civilization. The establishment of stratigraphic sequence of cultures in an object, as is the case with the preserved artefacts from the submerged settlement, can be used for dating and of other settlements and remains of the reference range. That vessel is in stock and is waiting for further expertise and analysis. It is a starting point for stratigraphic-comparative analysis of the distribution of the late- Neolithic culture and the development model, which has led to the Varna Chalcolithic Necropolis.

More in Monograph “Where has history of Europe begun” by me at: http://www.amazon.com/Where-Has-History-Europe-Begun/dp/9545782978/ref=sr_1_7?ie=UTF8&qid=1426094926&sr=8-7&keywords=Jordan+Detev