Archaebacteria and Eubacteria

By the CRIME MOB minus oneAnd plus Tim

Some terms U Should NO

• ProKaryote- A unicellular organism lacking a

nuclear membrane, a discrete nucleus, and

other specialized compartments within the

cell.

More Terms U should NO

• Plasmid- A linear or circular double-stranded DNA that is capable of replicating independently of the chromosomal DNA

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• Peptidoglycan- A polymer that serves a structural role in the bacterial cell wall, giving structural strength, as well as counteracting the osmotic pressure of the cytoplasm. It is also involved in binary fission during bacterial cell reproduction

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• Flagella- Long, slender, threadlike, whiplike extension of certain cells or unicellular organisms used mainly for movements

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• Gram stain technique- used to distinguish between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, which have distinct and consistent differences in their cell walls

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• Obligate anaerobes- anaerobic organisms which fail to grow in the presence of oxygen

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• Obligate aerobes - require oxygen for aerobic cellular respiration. In a process known as cellular respiration, these organisms use oxygen to oxidize substrates (for example sugars and fats) in order to obtain energy.

More Terms U Should NO

• Facultative anaerobe- an organism, usually a bacterium, that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but is also capable of switching to fermentation. In contrast, obligate anaerobes die in presence of oxygen.

How This Kingdom Gets Nutrients

• Photoautotrophs- create nutrients by using sunlight as a source and carbon dioxide

How This Kingdom gets Nutrients

• Chemoautotrophs- obtain nutrients from inorganic substances and utilizes the carbon dioxide to make natural compounds.

How This Kingdom Gets Nutrients

• Saprophytes- Organisms that obtain their nutrients from decaying plants and animals

How This Kingdom Gets Nutrients

• Parasites- An organism which obtains food and shelter from another organism

How This Kingdom Gets Nutrients

• Decomposers- organisms, mostly bacteria and fungi that recycle nutrients from decaying organic material. They break down detritus, nonliving organic matter, into inorganic matter

Distinguishing features of Kingdom Archaebacteria

• The kingdom Archaebacteria is biochemically different from Eubacteria. Most of these species can or have adapted to extreme environments such as extreme temperatures, or acidity of their environment. They only reproduce asexually and there are only about 100 species.

Examples of ArchaeBacteria

• Methanogens-common in wet lands and guts of animals. Produces marsh gas and are responsible for methane in flatulence

• ex. Methanobacterium, bryantii

Examples of ArchaeBacteria

• extreme halophilesare extremeophiles that live in high concentrations of salt Live in areas with the salt concentration being 5X greater than that of the ocean

Examples of ArchaeBacteria

• thermoacidophiles Live in areas with the temperature being 70-80 degrees C Thrive in acidic and sulfurous areas

Examples of Eubacteria

• Cyanobacteria, Also known as blue green algae, get NRG through photosynthesis it is a primary producer in the ocean

Examples of Eubacteria

• Chemosynthetic Bacteria, Can survive without light NRG, One of the oldest forms of life use the oxidation of sulphides as an energy source are the basis of a food

Examples of Eubacteria

• Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria, use nitrogen is taken from its relatively inert molecular form (N2) in the atmosphere and converted into nitrogen compounds

Examples of Eubacteria

• Spritochetes Long slender bacteria and they are tightly coiled this can cause syphilis and lyme disease

Shapes Of Bacteria

• Coccus- are spherical shaped

Shapes of Bacteria

• Bacillus- are rodlike shaped

Shapes of Bacteria

• Spirilla – are curved or spiriled

Arrangements

• Strepto: the prefix for this means twisted chain

Arrangements

• Staphylo: means grape like

Arrangements

• Diplo: this means Double

• Gram-positive bacteria organisms- are able to retain the crystal violet stain because of the high amount of peptidoglycan in the cell wall.

• Gram-negative bacteria organisms- cell walls in particular the lipopolysaccharide (also known as LPS or endotoxin) layer.(which does not hold in the violet stained crystals)

Ways Bacteria Can be Harmful

• Can Infect You• Can Cause Permant Damage• Can Kill You

Ways Bacteria Can Be Helpful

• One way bacteria can be helpful is bacteria live in the intestines of human beings. They help in digestion and in destroying the harmful organisms. Intestinal bacteria also produce some vitamins required by the human body another way bacteria are good is that some of them help break down lactose in the digestive tract the third reason is Some bacteria present on the skin protect us from the spread of certain fungus