Arch%2230/6231/6232:%Systems,Sites%&%Building%! ! … · 2014-11-03 ·...
8
Arch 2230/6231/6232: Systems, Sites & Building University of Virginia School of Architecture Fall 2014 William Sherman, Professor Synopsis The interplay of scientific knowledge, technological innovation, social organization and cultural expression give rise to emergent modes of thought that are deeply woven into the design of our buildings and communities. Over the past several decades, a distinct way of understanding, describing and designing the interaction of human constructs and existing ecosystems has been growing with the advance of the science of complex systems, computational technology and formal invention. It is not a story of technological determinism, however, as the science itself has revealed the essential role of our visceral humanity in the conception of human habitation. Between largescale dynamic environmental forces and our physical responses all the way to the cellular level, we inhabit a world of radical intersubjectivity. As we intervene in the complex dynamics of these multiscalar interactions, it is critical that we do so in ways that increase the vitality of the whole ecosystem as a healthy, resilient and diverse habitat. A connecting thread through the many flows on which our life and civilization depend is the flow of energy, in the form of heat, nutrients, mechanical and electrical power. How we organize the translation, storage, displacement, concentration and cycling of energy from its solar origin is perhaps the defining characteristic of the design of buildings, cities and landscapes. With the development of an extraordinary infrastructural apparatus based on a linear path of energy consumption from extraction to exhaust, we have constructed a degraded, fragile and increasingly stratified system that requires fundamental reconsideration as a matter of survival. In this course, we will reconsider basic assumptions that underlie the design of human habitation, exploring both the intelligence of ideas evolved over long time frames and the possibilities emerging from the rapid advance of analytic capacities and material innovation. As an introduction to the behavior of systems and ecosystems, we will study the interaction between human experience, spatial construction and the inherited dynamics of energy, heat, light, and air. This year the course cycles through these issues twice, once at the scale of the body, the physical forces at work, vernacular architectural embodiments of their interaction and recent explorations. In the second part, we will focus on the systems that have been developed to deal with the same issues at the scale of the contemporary city and design practice. The course itself is conceived to be openended; it is about entering a world of inadequately framed questions rather than the transmission of a set of inadequately questioned assertions. It will be the task of each student to construct his or her own narrative in a dynamic, interactive process that questions conventional forms of education. The goal of the course is to model habits of mind and open lines of research that may disrupt the current patterns of dwelling and consumption that not only threaten our future but also inhibit our own experience of the world.
Transcript of Arch%2230/6231/6232:%Systems,Sites%&%Building%! ! … · 2014-11-03 ·...
Arch 2230/6231/6232: Systems, Sites & Building University of Virginia School of Architecture Fall 2014 William Sherman, Professor
Synopsis The interplay of scientific knowledge, technological innovation, social organization and cultural expression give rise to emergent modes of thought that are deeply woven into the design of our buildings and communities. Over the past several decades, a distinct way of understanding, describing and designing the interaction of human constructs and existing ecosystems has been growing with the advance of the science of complex systems, computational technology and formal invention. It is not a story of technological determinism, however, as the science itself has revealed the essential role of our visceral humanity in the conception of human habitation. Between large-‐scale dynamic environmental forces and our physical responses all the way to the cellular level, we inhabit a world of radical intersubjectivity. As we intervene in the complex dynamics of these multi-‐scalar interactions, it is critical that we do so in ways that increase the vitality of the whole ecosystem as a healthy, resilient and diverse habitat. A connecting thread through the many flows on which our life and civilization depend is the flow of energy, in the form of heat, nutrients, mechanical and electrical power. How we organize the translation, storage, displacement, concentration and cycling of energy from its solar origin is perhaps the defining characteristic of the design of buildings, cities and landscapes. With the development of an extraordinary infrastructural apparatus based on a linear path of energy consumption from extraction to exhaust, we have constructed a degraded, fragile and increasingly stratified system that requires fundamental reconsideration as a matter of survival. In this course, we will reconsider basic assumptions that underlie the design of human habitation, exploring both the intelligence of ideas evolved over long time frames and the possibilities emerging from the rapid advance of analytic capacities and material innovation. As an introduction to the behavior of systems and ecosystems, we will study the interaction between human experience, spatial construction and the inherited dynamics of energy, heat, light, and air. This year the course cycles through these issues twice, once at the scale of the body, the physical forces at work, vernacular architectural embodiments of their interaction and recent explorations. In the second part, we will focus on the systems that have been developed to deal with the same issues at the scale of the contemporary city and design practice. The course itself is conceived to be open-‐ended; it is about entering a world of inadequately framed questions rather than the transmission of a set of inadequately questioned assertions. It will be the task of each student to construct his or her own narrative in a dynamic, interactive process that questions conventional forms of education. The goal of the course is to model habits of mind and open lines of research that may disrupt the current patterns of dwelling and consumption that not only threaten our future but also inhibit our own experience of the world.
Arch 2230/6231/6232: Systems, Sites & Building University of Virginia School of Architecture Fall 2014 William Sherman, Professor
Logistics and Grading
This is a four-‐credit course, with lectures at 12:30 to 1:45 PM on Tuesday and Thursday, and workshops Tuesday afternoon at 2:00 and 5:00. The course requirements are as follows:
1 Assignments -‐ 5 @ 8% each 40% 2 Reading/Lecture response blog posts – 6 @5% each 30% 3 Final Exam 20% 4 Workshop Participation 10%
All students are expected to bring laptops or tablets to the lectures for in-‐class exercises. The afternoon workshops will provide forums for the introduction and review of assignments, collaborative work and field exercises. Attendance is mandatory at all lectures and workshop sessions. The grading criteria for the assignments and exercises will include the degree of effort and ambition to develop the analysis and demonstrate the understanding of the physical principles and their application in design. Students are responsible for the understanding of the lecture content, the readings and the workshop exercises. The semester-‐long development of the primer/blog will be a central project of the course, with required weekly posts. The assignments and workshops for 6231 and 6232 will differ from the 2230 coursework. The Honor Code governs all work for this course. While discussion and the sharing of ideas is encouraged and expected, each student is to produce his or her own work for submissions or class discussions unless approved in advance. The in-‐class exercises will permit the use of each student’s own notes and prior research. Any written or graphic material submitted for any assignment that is not produced by the student must have its source identified. All assignments are due on Thursdays prior to the 12:30 lectures. Professor Sherman is available to discuss any issues raised by the course, during office hours from 2:00 – 4:00 on Tuesdays or 2:00 – 3:00 on Thursdays in Campbell 420 or by appointment. His telephone is (434) 924-‐7592 and email [email protected]. The teaching assistants are most easily found in the fourth floor studios and will set individual office hours. The will use Wordpress blogs for the submission of student work, all linked off the primary site, http://systemssitesbuilding2014.wordpress.com. Course information is available on the Collab Site. The readings are available on open reserve in the Fine Arts Library or on the Collab site. The full bibliography is available as a resource for additional reference.
Arch 2230/6231/6232: Systems, Sites & Building University of Virginia School of Architecture Fall 2014 William Sherman, Professor
Schedule Week Topic Date Lecture Readings Workshop
Assignments
1 Intro 8.26 Overview Sherman, “Energetic Organizations”, from Lunch 5 Braham, “Household Conditioning” from Building Systems: Design, Technology and Society
None
None
8.28 Scales – body –climate
2 Global Forces 9.2 Local Climate Lechner, Heating, Cooling and Lighting, ch. 6 Dahl, Climate and Architecture, pp. 13-‐45 Recommended: Brown and DeKay, Sun, Wind and Light Olgyay, Design with Climate
Solar Exercise Set up Blog 9.4 Global Climate Assignment 1
Issued
3 Flows, Bodies and Buildings
Energy 9.9 Energy Forms and Flows
Ristinen/Kraushaar, Energy and the Environment, Ch 1 Buchanan, “Green Culture and the Evolution of Architecture”, from Ten Shades of Green Recommended: Fernández-‐Galiano, Fire and Memory
Energy Systems
9.11 Distributed Networks
Blog Post 1 Due
4
Heat 9.16 Body Space connections
Lechner, Heating, Lighting and Cooling, Ch. 4 Moe, Thermally Active Surfaces in Architecture, pp. 34-‐41 Dahl, Climate and Architecture, pp. 54-‐89 Recommended: Heschong, Thermal Delight in Architecture Sullivan, Garden and Climate
Assignment 1 Discussion
9.18 Leveraging Solar Geometries
Assignment 1 Due Assignment 2 Issued
Arch 2230/6231/6232: Systems, Sites & Building University of Virginia School of Architecture Fall 2014 William Sherman, Professor
Week Topic Date Lecture Reading Workshop
Assignment
5 Flows, Bodies and Buildings
Light
9.23 Body Space Connections
Lam, Perception and Lighting, pp. 10-‐99 Dahl, Climate and Architecture, pp. 115-‐138 Recommended: Tanazaki, In Praise of Shadows
Field Study: Psychrometric Chart
9.25 Daylight – Sacred
Blog Post 2 Due
6
Air 9.30 Body Space Connections
Kwok, The Green Studio Handbook, pp. 137-‐167 Dahl, Climate and Architecture, pp. 91-‐113 Recommended: Zumthor, Atmospheres
Simulation Workshop
10.2 Natural Ventilation – Small Scale
Assignment 2 Due Assignment 3 Issued
7 Synthesis 10.7 Emergent Practices Rahm, “Meteorological Architecture” in Energies Behnisch and Transsolar, Ecology Design Synergy
Assignment 2 Discussion
10.9 Designed Ecologies
Blog Post 3 Due
8 Systems Theory 10.14 Reading Day
Meadows, Thinking in Systems, excerpts Jacobs, Death and Life of the Great American City, chs. 1, 22
No Workshop
10.16 Systems
9 Coupled Systems 10.21 Bay Game McDonough/Braungart, Cradle to Cradle, Ch. 3-‐5 Yeang, Manual for Ecological Design, pp. 22-‐58 Costanza, “The Value of the World’s Ecosystem Services and Natural Capital”
Bay Game Play 10.23 Putting Systems into
Practice In-‐class Bay
Game Questionnaires
10 Global Flows and Building Systems
Systems Review
10.28 Systems and Perception
Moe, “The Formations of Energy in Architecture”, from Architecture and Energy Addington, “Energy Sub-‐Structure, Supra-‐Structure, Infra-‐Structure”, in Ecological Urbanism Recommended: De Landa, A Thousand Years of Non-‐Linear History, pp. 25-‐56
Systems Workshop
10.30 Systems Review Blog Post 4 Due
Arch 2230/6231/6232: Systems, Sites & Building University of Virginia School of Architecture Fall 2014 William Sherman, Professor
Week Topic Date Lecture Reading Workshop
Assignment
11 Global Flows and Building Systems
Heat
11.4 Global Applications
Addington, “Contingent Behaviors”, in Energies, pp. 12-‐17 ASHRAE Handbook, Excerpts
Assignment 3 Discussion
11.6 Global Energy Systems
Assignment 3 Due Assignment 4 Issued
12 Light 11.11 Daylighting
Lam, Sunlight as a Form-‐Giver for Architecture, pp. 9-‐27, 73-‐83, 157-‐169
Assignment 4 Discussion
Assignment 4 Draft
11.13 Emerging Strategies
Assignment 4 Due Assignment 5 Issued
13 Air
11.18 Leveraging Geometry
Moe, Thermally Active Surfaces in Architecture, pp. 42-‐83, 118-‐129 Battle, “The Air We Breathe” from Big & Green Daniels? Recommended: Hawkes, The Environmental Imagination
Assignment 5 Discussion
Assignment 5 Draft
11.20 Vertical and Lateral Flows
14 Break 11.25 No Class No Workshop Blog Post 5 Due 11.27 Thanksgiving
15 Resilience 12.2 Urban Ecologies
Newman, Cities as Ecosystems, Ch. 5 Forman et al, Landscape Ecology Principles Walker and Salt, Resilience Thinking, Resilience Practice, excerpts Pawlyn, Biomimicry in Architecture, excerpts
Assignment 5 Discussion
Assignment 5 Due
12.4 Resilience Thinking/ Conclusions
12.10 Final Exam 2:00-‐5:00 Blog Post 6 Due
Arch 2230/6231/6232: Systems, Sites & Building University of Virginia School of Architecture Fall 2014 William Sherman, Professor
Bibliography (many on reserve in the Fine Arts Library) Systems and Ecosystems Baker, Lawrence The Water Environment of Cities TD345 .W38 2009 Battle, Guy Sustainable Ecosystems NA2542.36.B38 2001 McDonough and Braumgart Cradle to Cradle TD794.5 .M395 2002 McDonough and Braumgart The Upcycle Forman, et al Landscape Ecology Principles SB472.3.D73 1996 Hensel, et al Emergent Technologies and Design NA2543 .T43 H46 2010 McHarg, Ian Design with Nature HC110 .E5 M33 1995 oversize Jacobs, Jane The Death and Life of Great American Cities Mostafavi, et al. Ecological Urbanism Newman, and Jennings Cities as Sustainable Ecosystems HT241.N943 2008 Newman, Beatley and Boyer Resilient Cities Schefffer, Martin Critical Transitions in Nature and Society QH545 .A1 S34 2009 Walker, Brian and Salt, David Resilience Thinking HC59 .15 .W35 2006 Walker, Brian and Salt, David Resilience Practice HC59.15.W348 2012 Weinstock, Michael The Architecture of Emergence Q175.32.E44 W45 2010 Climate Design and Climate Change Brown and DeKay Sun, Wind, Light NA2542.3.B76 2001 Dahl, Torben Climate and Architecture NA2541.D3413 2010 Roaf, Sue Adapting Buildings and Cities for Climate Change NA2541 .R63 2005 Sullivan, Chip Garden and Climate SB472.45 .S855 2002 Energy Anderson, Bruce Solar Building Architecture TH7413.S56 1990 Behling, Sophia Solar Power NA2542 .S6 B43 2000 oversize Braham and Willis Architecture and Energy Hawkes and Foster Energy Efficient Buildings NA2542.3.H39 2002 Ristinen and Kraushaar Energy and the Environment TJ163.25.U6 R57 2006 Thomas, Randall Photovoltaics and Architecture K1087.P4845 2001 oversize Watson, Donald Climatic Design TJ163.5.B84 W38 1983 oversize
Arch 2230/6231/6232: Systems, Sites & Building University of Virginia School of Architecture Fall 2014 William Sherman, Professor
Bibliography (continued) Air Clements-‐Croome, Derek Naturally Ventilated Buildings TH7674.N38 1997 Fathy, Hassan Natural Energy and Vernacular Architecture NA7117.A74F3 1986 Givoni, Baruch Man, Climate and Architecture NA2541.G58 1976 Olgyay, Victor Design with Climate NA 2540.O 44 1963 Light Berger, Horst. Light Structures, Structures of Light. TA663.B47 1996 Guzowski, Mary Daylighting for Sustainable Design NA2542.3.G89 Lam, William Perception and Lighting: Formgivers for Architecture NA2765.L35 Lam, William Sunlight as a Form-‐Giver for Architecture NA2542.S6 L35 1986 Baker and Steemers Daylight Design of Buildings NA2794.B35 2002 Tanazaki, Junichiro In Praise of Shadows PL839 .A7 A25 2001 Sustainable Design Principles Arup Associates Unified Design NA2542.4 .U55 2008 Baker and Steemers Energy and Environment in Architecture NA2542.3.B34 2000 Barnett, Dianna A Primer on Sustainable Building NA7117.5.P75 1995 Buchanan, Peter Ten Shades of Green NA2542.35.B83 2005 Daniels, Klaus The Technology of Ecological Building NA2542.35 .D3613 1997 oversize European Commission A Green Vitruvius: Principles and Practice NA2542.36.G74 1999 Hawkes, et al The Selective Environment NA2542.36.H38 2002 Hyde, Richard Climate Responsive Design NA2541.H93 2000 Kwok, Alison and et al, The Green Studio Handbook TH880.K87 2007 Lechner, Norbert Heating, Cooling, Lighting TH7222.L33 2009 Lovell, Jenny Building Envelopes: An Integrated Approach TH2235 .L68 2010 McMullen, Randall Environmental Science in Building TH6021.M33 2001 Mendler and Odell The HOK Guidebook to Sustainable Design NA2542.M445 2000 Pawlyn, Michael Biomimicry in Architecture NA2543.B56 P39 2011 Ritchie, Ian Technoecology NA997.R57 R62 1998
Arch 2230/6231/6232: Systems, Sites & Building University of Virginia School of Architecture Fall 2014 William Sherman, Professor
Bibliography (continued) Sustainable Design Principles (continued) Smith, Peter Architecture in a Climate of Change NA2542.3 .S65 2001 Steemers and Steane Environmental Diversity in Architecture NA2542.4 .E56 2004 Van der Ryn, Sim Ecological Design GE170.V36 1996 Yeang, Ken EcoDesign NA2542.35.Y4295 2006 Yeang, Ken The Skyscraper Bioclimatically Reconsidered NA6230.Y42 1996 Human Perception and Design Ackerman, Diane A Natural History of the Senses BF233.A24 1991 Decosterd & Rahm Distorsions NA1353 .D43 A4 2005 Heschong, Lisa Thermal Delight NA2541.H7 Pallasmaa, Juhanni The Eyes of the Skin NA2500.P34 1996 Zumthor, Peter Atmospheres NA1353.Z86 A35 2006 Case Studies Behnisch and Transsolar, Ecology.Design.Synergy NA2542.36.E256 2006 Gissen, David Big & Green NA2542.36.B54 2002 Moe, Kiel Integrated Design in Contemporary Architecture NA2542.36.M64 2008 Moe, Kiel Thermally Active Surfaces in Architecture TA418.52.M64 2010 Rudofsky, Bernard Architecture without Architects NA2430 .R8 Schittich, Christian In Detail: Solar Architecture TH7413.S65 2003 oversize Van Uffelen, Chris Ecological Architecture NA2542.36.U34 2009 Theory and History Banham, Reyner The Architecture of the Well-‐tempered Environment TH6021.B28 1984 De Landa, Manuel A Thousand Years of Non-‐Linear History Q174.8.D43 1997 Fernández-‐Galiano, Luis Fire and Memory NA2542.3.F4713 2000 Hawkes, Dean The Environmental Imagination NA2542.35 .H37 2008 Lally, Sean Softspace NA2750.S594 2007 Lally, Sean Energies Moe and Smith Building Systems: Design, Technology and Society
