ARCH205 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

SCAFFOLDING & SHORING

SCAFFOLDING

• Scaffolds ~ these are

temporary working

platforms erected around

the perimeter of a building

or structure to provide a

safe working place at a

convenient height. They

are usually required when

the working height or level

is 1,500 or more above the

ground level.

COMPONENT PARTS OF A TUBULAR SCAFFOLD

TYPES OF SCAFFOLDING

• Putlog Scaffolds

• Independent Scaffolds

• Mobile Scaffolds

• Patent Scaffolding

• Birdcage Scaffolds

• Slung Scaffolds

• Suspended Scaffolds

• Cantilever Scaffolds

• Truss-out Scaffold

PUTLOG SCAFFOLDS

• Putlog Scaffolds ~

these are scaffolds

which have an outer

row of standards joined together by

ledgers which in turn

support the

transverse putlogs

which are built into

the bed joints or

perpends as the work

proceeds, they are therefore only

suitable for new work

in bricks or blocks.

INDEPENDENT SCAFFOLDS

• Independent Scaffolds

~ these are scaffolds

which have two rows of

standards each row joined together with

ledgers which in turn

support the transverse

transoms. The scaffold is

erected clear of the

existing or proposed

building but is tied to

the building or structure at suitable intervals.

WORKING PLATFORMS

• Working Platforms ~ these

are close boarded or plated

level surfaces at a height at

which work is being carried out and they must provide a

safe working place of

sufficient strength to support

the imposed loads of

operatives and/or materials.

All working platforms above

the ground level must be

fitted with a toe board and a guard rail.

TYING-IN

• Tying-in ~ all putlog and

independent scaffolds should be

tied securely to the building or

structure at alternate lift heights

vertically and at not more than

6,000 centres horizontally.

Putlogs should not be classified

as ties. Suitable tying-in methods

include connecting to tubes

fitted between sides of window

openings or to internal tubes

fitted across window openings,

the former method should not

be used for more than 50% of

the total number of ties. If there

is an insufficient number of

window openings for the

required number of ties external

rakers should be used.

MOBILE SCAFFOLDS

• Mobile Scaffolds ~ otherwise known as mobile tower

scaffolds. They can be

assembled from pre-formed

framing components or

from standard scaffold tube

and fittings. Used mainly for

property maintenance.

Must not be moved whilst occupied by persons or

equipment.

EXAMPLES OF SCAFFOLDING

EXAMPLES OF SCAFFOLDING

SHORING

• Shoring ~ this is a form of

temporary support

which can be given to

existing buildings with

the primary function of

providing the necessary

precautions to avoid

damage to any person

from collapse of

structure.

SHORING

• Shoring Systems ~ there are three basic systems of

shoring which can be used separately or in

combination with one another to provide the

support(s) and these are namely:-

1.Dead Shoring - used primarily to carry vertical

loadings.

2.Raking Shoring - used to support a

combination of vertical and horizontal

loadings.

3.Flying Shoring - an alternative to raking shoring

to give a clear working space at ground level.

DEAD SHORING

• Dead Shoring - used

primarily to carry

vertical loadings.

• these shores should be placed at

approximately 2,000

c/c and positioned

under the piers

between the

windows.

RAKING SHORING

• Raking Shoring - used

to support a

combination of

vertical and

horizontal loadings.

• these are placed at

3,000 to 4,500 c/c

and can be of

single, double, triple

or multiple raker

format.

FLYING SHORING

• Flying Shoring - an

alternative to raking

shoring to give a clear

working space at ground

level.

• These are placed at

3,000 to 4,500 c/c and

can be of a single or

double format. They are

designed, detailed and

constructed to the same

basic principles as that

shown for raking shores,