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Lecture OutlineTopics:

– Classification of Materials – Advanced Materials – Modern Material Needs

Reading: – pp. 6-17

HW # 1 (due 1/26): – Pb. 1.1 (modified)

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Types of MaterialsMetals

Iron Steel

• 98% of iron is used to make steel• Steel = iron + (0.2 →2.1%wt) C + others • Used for strength-critical applications

Aluminum

• It is easy to form• It is abundant• It is inexpensive• It is recyclable

Copper

• High electrical conductivity• High thermal conductivity• High ductility

Nickel

• Withstand high temperatures• Good corrosion resistance

• High strength• Low weight• Good corrosion

resistance

Titanium

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Types of MaterialsPolymers

PVC

• Thermoplastic(soften when heated -harden when cooled)• Durable• Easily worked• Inexpensive

PMMA

• Transparent• Strong• Lightweight• Good impact

strength

Silicone Rubber

• Superior resistance to UV• Superior weather resistant

Polyurethane Foam

• Soft• Low density• Elastic

Polystyrene

• Limited flexibility• Easily molded• Good thermal insulator

Epoxy

• Thermoset(do not soften when heated)• High strength bonding• Rigid

• Degrades at high T

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Types of MaterialsCeramics

CMU

• Concrete MasonryUnit

• High compressivestrength

Si 3N4

• Silicon Nitride• Chemically inert

• Harder than metal• Good thermal shockresistance

• Long operating lifetime

• Amorphous solid• Transparent• Brittle• Poor electricity conductor

Glass

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Types of MaterialsComposites

GFRC

• Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete• High flexural strength• High tensile strength• High compressive strength

Airbus A 380

Zaragoza Bridge Pavilion

• GLARE: Glass Laminate Aluminum ReinforcedEpoxy

• High damage tolerance• High corrosion resistance• High fire resistance• Lightweight

Oriented Strand Board

• Engineeredwood

• High strength• High rigidity• Water resistant

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Types of Materials• Metals

– Strong but ductile – High thermal and electrical conductivity – Optically opaque and reflective

• Polymers (Long chains of molecules, usually containing H and C)

– Soft, ductile, low strength, low density – Thermal and electrical insulators – Can be optically opaque, translucent, or transparent

• Ceramics ( Compounds of metallic and non-metallic elements)-- oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides -- – Brittle, low-elasticity – Thermal and electrical insulators – Can be optically opaque, translucent, or transparent

• Composites

( Combination of two of the above: matrix and reinforced phases) – Combine desired properties of its constituents

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Comparison Between MaterialCategories

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Comparison Between MaterialCategories

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Comparison Between MaterialCategories

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Comparison Between MaterialCategories

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Comparison Between MaterialCategories

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Advanced Materials• “Smart” Materials

• Change properties depending on external stimulus• Piezoelectric• Temperature responsive polymers• Halochromic• Photomechanical• Self-healing

• High Temperature Materials

• Metallic Foams• Used as high temperature filters

• Used in heat exchangers

• Biomaterials

• Advanced Coatings