arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mimarT mosaxleobis ......arasamTavrobo organizaciebi)! 2.3! 14.!...
Transcript of arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mimarT mosaxleobis ......arasamTavrobo organizaciebi)! 2.3! 14.!...
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arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mimarT mosaxleobis
damokidebulebis sociologiuri Seswavla
(2005 wlis april-maisSi Catarebuli raodenobrivi sociologiuri
gamokvlevis Sedegebis analizi)
Tavi 1: meTodologia sociologiuri gamokvlevisaTvis
sociologiuri gamokvlevis tipi: raodenobrivi sociologiuri gamokvleva.
kvlevis meTodi: sociologiuri kvleva Catarda gamokiTxvis meTodiT, kerZod,
pirispir (face to face) intervius formis gamoyenebiT.
kvlevis sagani: sociologiuri kvleva iTvaliswinebda saqarTvelos mosaxleobis
damokidebulebis Seswavlas arasamTavrobo seqtoris mimarT saqarTveloSi.
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mimarT damokidebulebis (atitudebis) Seswavla
ganxorcielda Semdegi maCveneblebis (indikatorebis) mixedviT:
1. moqalaqeTa informirebuloba arasamTavrobo organizaciebisa da maTi
saqmianobis Sesaxeb;
2. moqalaqeTa darwmunebuloba imaSi, rom arasamTavrobo organizaciebi dadebiT
rols asrulebs saqarTveloSi mimdinare procesebSi;
3. moqalaqeTa darwmunebulobis xarisxi imaSi, rom arasamTavrobo organizaciebi
sazogadoebas sasargeblo momsaxurebas awvdis;
4. moqalaqeTa survili, iTanamSromlon arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan;
5. moqalaqeTa realuri monawileobis xarisxi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis
saqmianobaSi.
TiToeuli maCveneblis mniSvnelobebi Sefasda sinTezurad (kompleqsurad), gansazRvruli
cvladebis gaerTianebis safuZvelze. amasTan, ganxorcielda TiToeuli mniSvnelobis
formalizacia/kvantifikacia, ricxobriv maCveneblebSi maTi gamoxatvis safuZvelze. saboloo
jamSi, daiTvala arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan mosaxleobis damokidebulebis sinTezuri
indikatoris mniSvneloba, calkeuli maCveneblisaTvis “wonis” miniWebisa da maTi ricxobrivi
mniSvnelobebis saSualo ariTmetikulis gamoTvlis safuZvelze (amis Sesaxeb dawvrilebiT
qvemoT iqneba saubari . )
kvlevis obieqti: sociologiuri gamokvleva Catarda saqarTvelos 18 wlis da zemoT
mosaxleobaSi.
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SerCeva: respondentTa SerCeva ganxorcielda rogorc kvoturi, ise SemTxveviTi
SerCevis principebis daciT. kerZod, SerCeviTi erTobliobis moculobis
gaTvaliswinebiT da SerCevis reprezentatulobis uzrunvelsayofad, generalur
erTobliobaSi mocemuli proporciebis Sesabamisad winaswar ganisazRvra
respondentTa kvotebi sqesis, asakobrivi jgufebis da regionis zomis mixedviT. rac
Seexeba ojaxebSi respondentTa amorCevis wess, aRniSnuli kvotebis farglebSi,
SemTxveviTobis maqsimalurad uzrunvelsayofad, gamoyenebul iqna uaxloesi
dabadebis dRis principi. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ojaxis wevrTa Soris am principiT
SerCeuli pirovneba kvotas ar Seesabameboda, interviueri gadadioda Semdeg ojaxze
da ase moZraobda manam, vidre sasurvel respondents ar ipovida. ojaxebs Soris
intervali (biji) gansxvavebulad ganisazRvra TbilisisaTvis (yoveli me-9 ojaxi),
danarCeni urbanuli centrebisaTvis (yoveli me-7 ojaxi) da soflebisaTvis (yoveli
me-5 ojaxi). im SemTxvevaSi, Tu raime mizeziT, SeuZlebeli iyo ojaxTan da
respondentTan kavSiris damyareba, interviuers ekrZaleboda uaxloes ojaxTan
dakavSireba da gadaadgildeboda bijis dacviT. es uzrunvelyofda respondentebis
gafantulobas da sakvlevi urbanuli centrebis maqsimalur mocvas. damatebiT
respondentebs miewodaT SerCevis geografiuli wertilebi da gadaadgilebis
sivrciTi areali (quCebis da ubnebis mixedviT), ramac gamoricxa erTsa da imave
wertilSi ganmeorebiTi vizitebis SesaZlebloba.
generalur erTobliobas warmoadgenda saqarTvelos cxrave regionis 18 wlis da
zeviT mosaxleoba. kvotebi (sqesis da asakis mixedviT) ganisazRvra TiToeuli
regionSi mocemuli proporciebis Sesabamisad. SerCeviTi erTobliobis moculobaa
1200 respondenti, romlebic regionebis mixedviT ganawilda statistikuri monacemebis
Sesabamisad.
aRsaniSnavia, rom SerCeviT erTobliobas warmoadgenen mxolod is respondentebi,
romlebmac ganacxades, rom floben gansazRvrul informacias arasamTavrobo
organizaciebis Sesaxeb. Sesabamisad, yvela monacemi daTvlilia saqarTvelos
mosaxleobis am kategoriis (informirebuli) respondentTaTvis. rac Seexeba
SerCevaSi armoxvedril im adamianebs, romlebsac araferi smeniaT mesame seqtoris
Sesaxeb, gamokvlevis Sedegad dadginda maTi xvedriTi wili mTel mosaxleobaSi,
aseve, am kategoriis (arainformirebuli) respondentTa demografiuli suraTi
(sacxovrebeli adgili, sqesi, asaki da sxv.)1.
1 amis Sesaxeb ufro dawvrilebiT iqneba aRwerili arasamTavrobo organizaciebis Sesaxeb informirebulobis blokSi (ix. Tavi 2)
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SerCeviTi erTobliobis moculobisTvis qveynis masStabiT Sefasebebis cdomilebebi
daaxloebiT 3-4-%-ia 95%-iani saimedoobiT. sxvadasxva parametriT gamoyofil
qvejgufebSi Sefasebebis cdomilebebi ufro maRalia.
sabolo jamSi, SerCevis modeli ase gamoiyureba2 (ix. cxrili #1):
cxrili #1
qalaqi! sofeli! sul!#! regioni!
respondentTa raodenoba!
1.! Tbilisi! 302! 0! 302!
2.! kaxeTi! 22! 105! 127!
3.! Sida qarTli! 34! 50! 84!
4.! qvemo qarTli! 54! 81! 135!
5.! samcxe-javaxeTi! 17! 38! 55!
6.! aWara! 47! 52! 99!
7.! guria! 10! 29! 39!
8.! samegrelo! 52! 77! 129!
9.! imereTi! 100! 101! 201!
10.! mcxeTa-mTianeTi! 7! 22! 29!
sul:! 645! 555! 1200
sxvasaxva demografiuli parametris mixedviT respondentebi ase ganawildnen:
sqesi
(%)!
asaki
(%)!
erovneba
(%)!
ganaTleba
(%)!
ojaxuri
mdgomareoba
(%)!
1. mamrobiTi -– 45.0
2. mdedrobiTi -–
55.0
!
1. 18-24 –- 13.2
2. 25-34 –- 18.8
3. 35-44 -– 20.1
4. 45-54 -– 13.9
5. 55-64 -– 16.3
6. 65 da meti+ -
17.8!
1. qarTveli –- 87.6
2. araqarTveli - –
12.4!
1. araumaRlesi –-
57.5
2. umaRlesi – 42.7
!
dauojaxebeli - 21.9
qorwinebaSi myofi - 67.9
ganqorwinebuli - 1.5
qvrivi - 8.2
martoxela mSobeli - 0.5
dasaqmebis sferoebis mixedviT (ix. cxrili #2) :
cxrili #2
#! sferoebi! sakuTari biznesi
(%)!
saxelmwifo
seqtori
(%)!
kerZo
seqtori
(%)!
1.! mrewveloba/mSenebloba! 0.4! 1.2! 1.4!
2.! momsaxurebis sfero! 0.8! 1.6! 1.7!
3.! vaWroba! 3.5! -! 2.3!
4.! transporti! 0.2! 0.7! 1.2!
5.! skola//umaRlesi saswavlebeli//baRi! -! 6.8! 0.2!
6.! jandacvis
obieqti//ambulatoria//saavadmyofo!
-! 1.8! 0.7!
7.! policia//jari//sasamarTlo//prokuratura! -! 1.3! 0.1!
8.! meria//gamgeoba//sakrebulo! -! 1.2! -!
9.! saojaxo meurneoba! 10.2! -! 4.4!
!10.! studenti! 6.3!
11.! diasaxlisi3 18.4!
2 aRniSnuli sqema damuSavebulia centralur statistikur sammarTveloSi arsebuli uaxlesi statistikuri monacemebis safuZvelze. kerZod, gamoyenebulia 1999 wels mosaxleobis sayovelTao
aRwerisaTvis Catarebuli mosamzadebeli samuSaoebis statistikuri masalebi.
3 diasaxlisis kategoriaSi Sevidnen is respondentebi, romlebic dakavebulni arian mxolod saxlis (binis) saqmeebiT da ar muSaoben Tundac saojaxo meurneobaSi. amasTan, sakuTari Tavis identifikacias
ar axdenen umuSevarTan.
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12.! pensioneri/invalidi! 16.4!
13.! sxva (mecniereba, kultura, masmedia, , arasamTavrobo organizaciebi)!
2.3!
14.! umuSevari4 14.3
Tviuri Semosavlis mixedviT (ojaxis yvela wevris Semosavlebis gaTvaliswinebiT):
1. 50 larze naklebi _ 17.8% 2. 51-200 lari _ 46.4% 3. 200 larze meti _ 26.3% 4. miWirs pasuxis gacema _ 9.4%
savele samuSaoebSi, mTlianobaSi, monawileoba miiRo 50-mde interviuerma, romelTac
aqvT sociologiur kvlevebSi monawileobis gamocdileba. maT CautardaT specialuri
instruqtaJi kiTxvaris specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT.
monacemebis analizi: pirveladi sociologiuri masala damuSavda SPSS kompiuteruli programis gamoyenebiT. analizisas gamoyenebul iqna iseTi meTodebi, rogoricaa
monacemebis dajgufeba da tipologizacia, korelaciuri analizi, klasteruli analizi
da sxv. ganxorcielebuli analizi, ZiriTadad, aRweriTi xasiaTisaa.
4 umuSevris kategoriaSi Sevidnen is respondentebi, romlebic ar muSaobdnen, sul mcire, gamokiTxvis momentis wina Svidi dRis ganmavlobaSi.
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Tavi 2: zogadi Sefasebebi
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mimarT mosaxleobis damokidebuleba SeiZleba
Sefasdes qveyanaSi arsebuli instituciebis mimarT damokidebulebebis cvlilebis
fonze _ 2003 wels Catarebuli analogiuri kvlevis SedegebTan SedarebiT. kerZod,
mkveTradaa Secvlili respondentTa damokidebuleba qveynis ganviTarebis ZiriTadi
kursis Sefasebisas. kiTxvaze: – Q”rogor fiqrobT, movlenebi Cvens qveyanaSi, ZiriTadad, swori Tu araswori mimarTulebiT viTardeba?” –_ respondentTa pasuxebi
(ori wlis winandelTan SedarebiT) dadebiTi Sefasebisken ixreba, Tumca, mainc
SesaZlebelia vilaparakoT TiTqmis Tanabrad gayofil sazogadoebriv azrze qveynis
kursis Sefasebisas. amasTanave, respondentTa umravlesoba ufro frTxil Sefasebebs
arCevs (“ufro swori, vidre araswori mimarTulebiT”). rogorc Cans, radikaluri
optimizmis talRa sakmaod dasustda. mkveTrad Semcirda, agreTve, prezident
SevardnaZis mmarTvelobis bolo wlebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli radikaluri
negativisturi ganwyobebi (ix. cxrili @#.3):
cxrili @#.3
! !
2003 w.
(%)!
2005 w.
(%)
1.! swori mimarTulebiT! 2.2! 12.7
2. ! ufro swori, vidre araswori mimarTulebiT! 9.7! 35.6
3. ! ufro araswori, vidre swori mimarTulebiT! 21.8! 21.7
4. ! araswori mimarTulebiT! 63.3! 19.0
5.! miWirs pasuxis gacema! 3.2! 10.9
sazogadoebrivi azris “ambivalenturoba” ufro meti sisruliT vlindeba
saxelisuflebo struqturebis Sefasebisas. saqarTveloSi arsebuli
arasaxelisuflebo institutebis mimarT respondentTa damokidebuleba ufro
dadebiTia. mkveTrad Seicvala arasamTavrobo seqtoris saqmianobis Sefaseba: Tu ori
wlis win Catarebuli gamokiTxva dadebiTad da uaryofiTad ganwyobilTa TiTqmis
Tanabar raodenobas afiqsirebda, amJamad, mesame seqtoris mimarT dadebiTad
ganwyobilTa raodenoba orjer sWarbobs uaryofiTad ganwyobilTa raodenobas.
sainteresoa, rom gaizarda im respondentTa xvedriTi wili, romlebic gaurkvevel
pozicias afiqsireben kerZo biznesSi da saerTaSoriso safinanso organizaciebSi
mimdinare procesebis mimarT. rogorc Cans, saerTaSoriso safinanaso organizaciebi
naklebad aRiqmeba, rogorc mniSvnelovani aqtorebi saqarTveloSi mimdinare
procesebSi. kerZo biznesSi mimdinare procesebic naklebad gamWirvalea da biznesis
“xma” naklebad esmis mosaxleobas (ix. cxrili #4):
cxrili #4
institutebi! dadebiTad
(%)!
uaryofiTad
(%)!
miWirs pasuxis
gacema
(%)
! 2003 w.! 2005 w.! 2003 w.! 2005 w.! 2003 w.! 2005 w. 1. ! saqarTvelos parlamenti! 9.6! 46.4! 89.1! 46.4! 1.4! 6.9
2.! masmedia! 69.3! 73.7! 28.1! 19.3! 2.6! 7.0
3. ! arasamTavrobo seqtori! 45.9! 57.2! 41.3! 27.8! 12.8! 15
4.! saqarTvelos mTavroba! 9.0! 46.1! 89.8! 48.1! 1.3! 5.8
5.! kerZo biznesi! 54.8! 51.7! 37.3! 30.6! 7.8! 17.6
6.! saerTaSoriso safinanso
organizaciebi (msoflio banki,
saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi)!
44.8! 40.4! 32.6! 23.3! 22.7! 36.3
7. ! saqarTvelos marTlmadidebluri
eklesia!
85.4! 84.4! 9.6! 5.1! 5.1! 10.4
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* * *
iseve rogorc ori wlis win, mosaxleobis SerCeviT erTobliobaSi arasamTavrobo seqtoris
mimarT zogadi damokidebulebis analizma socialur-demografiuli parametrebis mixedviT
(sqesi, asaki, Semosavali) mniSvnelovani statistikuri gansxvavebebi ar gamoavlina.
umniSvnelod gansxvavebuli damokidebuleba gamovlinda ganaTlebis cenzis mixedviT
analizis dros. kerZo, umaRlesi ganaTlebis mqone respondentTa Soris arasamTavrobo
seqtoris mimarT dadebiTad ganwyobilTa xvedriTi wili ufro maRalia (umaRlesi
ganaTlebis mqone respondentebis – 62%; umaRlesi ganaTlebis armqone respondentebis -
53.6%).
rogoria regionebis mixedviT arasamTavrobo seqtoris mimarT damokidebuleba Tu 2003
wlis da 2005 wlis monacemebs SevadarebT? sakmaod mkveTri Zvrebi SeimCneva arasamTavrobo
seqtoris Sefasebisas aWaris, da Sida qarTlisa da mcxeTa-mTianeTis regionebSi. dadebiTi
damokidebulebis maCvenebeli mesame seqtoris mimarT mkveTrad gaizarda (ix cxrili #5): .
cxrili #5 ! dadebiTi
(%)!
ufro
dadebiTi
(%)!
ufro
uaryofiTi
(%)!
uaryofiTi
(%)!
MmiWirs
pasuxis gacema
(%)
! 2003
w.!
2005
w.!
2003
w.!
2005
w.!
2003
w.!
2005
w.!
2003
w.!
2005
w.!
2003
w.!
2005
w.
Tbilisi! 17.2! 18.0! 29.1! 33.7! 14.2! 17.7! 28.8! 17.7! 10.6! 13
kaxeTi! 9.4! 5.5! 35.4! 43.3! 18.9! 24.4! 15.0 !
1.6! 21.3! 25.2
Sida qarTli/
mcxeTa mTianeTi!
6.2! 22.1! 21.2! 46.0! 31.0! 12.4! 33.6! 8.0! 8.0! 11.5
qvemo qarTli/
samcxe-javaxeTi!
11.5! 11.1! 29.8! 37.6! 26.2! 18.0! 22.0! 10.1! 10.5! 23.3
guria/samegrelo! 17.9! 5.4 !
43.5! 56.5! 14.9! 17.3! 10.7! 13.1! 131! 7.7
imereTi! 10.0! 22.9 !
42.0! 36.3! 22.0! 14.4! 12.5! 12.9! 13.5! 13.4
aWara! 2.0! 50.5 !
35.4! 26.3! 27.3! 5.1! 18.2! 7.1! 17.2! 11.1
* * *
2005 wels Catarebulma kvlevam gaimeora ori wlis Catarebuli kvlevis dros
gamovlenili kanonzomiereba: mesame seqtoris mimarT zogad damokidebulebaze
yvelaze met gavlenas axdens is faqti uTanamSromlia Tu ara respondents
arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan. krZod, is respondentebi, romlebsac
uTanamSromliaT arasamTavrobo seqtorTan, ufro dadebiTad afaseben am seqtoris
saqmianobas (ix. diagrama #1.):
,
diagrama #1
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arasamTavrobo organizaciebis saqmianobis Sefaseba maTTan TanamSromlobis
gamocdilebis gamocdilebis Sesabamisad
44
34
12
5 5
16
40
17
12
16
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
dadebiTad ufro dadebiTad,
vidre uaryofiTad
ufro uaryofiTad,
vidre dadebiTad
uaryofiTad miWirs pasuxis
gacema
saqmianobi Sefaseba
gamokiTxul
Ta %-u
li maCvenebel
i
uTanamSromlia
ar uTanamSromlia
Tavi 3: arasamTavrobo organizaciebis Sesaxeb informirebuloba
unda aRiniSnos, rom _ iseve rogorc ori wlis Catarebuli kvlevis dros _
respondentTa informirebulobis xarisxi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis raobis
Sesaxeb mosaxleoba-mesame seqtoris RerZis erT-erTi yvelaze “susti rgoli”
gamodga. miuxedavad imisa, rom mosaxleobis zogadi damokidebuleba arasamTavrobo
organizaciebis saqmianobis mimarT aSkarad dadebiTiskenaa Secvlili, am
organizaciebis raobisa da saqmianobis Taviseburebebis Sesaxeb informirebulobis
xarisxi mniSvnelovnad ar Secvlila (ramdenime punqtiT gauaresda kidec).
mosaxleobis informirebulobis xarisxis dasadgenad gamoyenebul iqna rogorc
respondentTa mier sakuTari informirebulobis xarisxis gansazRvra (TviTSefaseba),
aseve testuri SekiTxvebi, anu Sefasebis obieqturi meTodi. testuri SekiTxvebi,
ZiriTadad, gulisxmobda arasamTavrobo organizaciebis saqmianobis aRmweri
debulebebis SeTavazebas respondentTaTvis. maT unda ganesazRvraT, romeli
saqmianoba an niSania adekvaturi arasamTavrobo organizaciebisTvis da romeli – -
ara. garda amisa, respondents unda moexdina arasamTavrobo organizaciebis
identifikacia organizaciaTa miwodebuli CamonaTvalidan.
subieqturi TviTSefasebis TvalsazrisiT, respondentebma Semdegnairad gansazRvres
sakuTari informirebulobis done saqarTveloSi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis
saqmianobis Sesaxeb (ix. cxrili #6):
cxrili #6 ! ! 2003w.
(%)!
2005w.
(%)
1.! maqvs sruli informacia! 1.4! 2.4
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2.! maqvs sakmarisi informacia! 17.4! 20.9
3.! maqvs mwiri informacia! 81.2! 76.7
rogorc monacemebi aCvenebs, respondentTa didi umravlesoba kvlavac ukmayofiloa
sakuTari informirebulobis xarisxiT.
* * *
cxrilSi motanili monacemebi aCvenebs arasamTavrobo organizaciebis Sesaxeb garkveuli
informaciis mqone respondentTa Soris arsebul ganawilebas. rogorc adre aRiniSna,
mosaxleobis SerCeviTi erToblioba (1200) swored am kategoriis respondentebs moicavda.
cxadia, interviu ver Sedgeboda im adamianebTan, romlebic sarTod ar floben informacias
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis Sesaxeb. aseTi respondentebi amovardnen SerCevidan.
rogoria arainformirebuli (respondentTa subieqturi TviTSefasebidan gamomdinare)
respondentebis xvedriTi wili saqarTvelos mosaxleobaSi? gamokiTxva aCvenebs, rom
saqarTvelos mosaxleobis (18 wlis da zemoT) saSualod yoveli mexuTe warmomadgeneli _
21.8% _ acxadebs, rom ar flobs aranair informacias mesame seqtoris Sesaxeb5.
arainformirebuli respondentebis demografiuli suraTi aseTia (ix. cxrili #6):
cxrili #6
! ! smenia
(%)!
ar smenia
(%)!
regioni! !
!
1.! Tbilisi ! 83.3! 16.7!
2.! kaxeTi ! 80.4! 19.6!
3.! aWara! 95.2! 4.8!
4.! imereTi! 81.0! 19.0!
5.! qvemo qarTli/samcxe-
javaxeTi! 57.6! 42.4!
6.! guria/samegrelo! 85.3! 14.7!
7.! Sida qarTli/mcxeTa-
mTianeTi! 82.5! 17.5!
dasaxlebis tipi! ! !
1.! qalaqi! 81.0! 19.0!
2.! sofeli! 75.0! 25.0!
sqesi! ! !
1.! mdedrobiTi! 77.1! 22.9!
2.! mamrobiTi! 79.4! 20.6!
asaki! ! !
1.! 18-34 ! 79.1! 20.9!
2.! 35-54! 77.5! 22.5!
3.! 55 da meti! 77.9! 22.1!
ganaTleba! ! !
1.! saSualo ganaTlebis
armqone! 53.5! 46.5!
2.! saSualo ganaTleba! 66.9! 33.1!
3.! saSualo-teqnikuri! 88.4! 11.6!
erovneba! ! !
1.! qarTveli! 80.7! 19.3!
5 rogor iqna miRebuli es monacemi? gamokiTxvis procesSi SerCevis Sesabamisi instruqciiT moZebnilma 335 respondentma ganacxada, rom araferi smenia arasamTavrobo organizaciebis Sesaxeb. Tu am
raodenobas davumatebT SerCeviTi erTobliobis moculobas informirebuli respondentebisaTvis
(1200), jamSi miviRebT 1535 respondents. arainformirebulTa xvedriTi wili am raodenobis swored
21.8%-s Seadgens.
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2.! araqarTveli! 63.8! 36.2!
dasaqmeba! ! !
1.! saxelmwifo seqtori! 86.3! 13.7!
2.! kerZo seqtori! 77.9! 22.1!
3.! TviTdasaqmebuli! 70.8! 29.2!
4.! umuSevari! 78.5! 21.5
qvemoT motanilia e.w. testuri SekiTxvebis Sedegebi, romlebic aseve adasturebs
mesame seqtoris raobis Sesaxeb mosaxleobis informirebulobis sakmaod dabal
xarisxs. aseTi Sefasebis gamoTqma marTebulia imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom
CamoTvlili debulebebi aRwers arasamTavrobo organizaciebis ZiriTad
maxasiaTeblebs da ara maTi saqmianobis specifikas romelime sferoSi (ix. cxrili
#7):
cxrili #7
! debulebebi! sworia
(%)!
ar aris
swori
(%)!
miWirs
pasuxis
gacema
(%)
! ! 2003w! 2005w! 2003w.! 2005w.! 2003w.! 2005w
1.! arasamTavrobo organizaciebs SeuZliaT
saparlamento arCevnebSi monawileobis
miReba!
36.1! 41.2! 40.3! 34.1! 23.7! 24.7
2.! arasamTavrobo organizaciebis saqmianoba ar
aris orientirebuli mogebis miRebaze!
46.9! 40.1! 29.8! 28! 23.3! 31.9
3.! arasamTavrobo organizaciebi
gaTavisuflebulia yvela tipis gadasaxadisgan!
21.2! 18.1! 43.4! 37! 35.4! 44.9
4.! arasamTavrobo organizacia SeiZleba iyos
sabiujeto struqtura!
19.9! 16.5! 53.8! 50.6! 26.3! 32.9
5.! arasamTavrobo organizaciebi SeiZleba
arsebobdes fondis an kavSiris saxiT!
63.8! 62.4! 6.9! 7.9! 29.1! 29.7
2005 wels Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebi aCvenebs, rom arasamTavrobo organizaciebis
Sesaxeb araswori warmodgenebis areali ZiriTadad meordeba:
• Secdomebis yvelaze didi wili modis saparlamento arCevnebSi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis monawileobis SesaZleblobis sakiTxze.
• respondentTa mxolod naxevarma icis, rom arasamTavrobo organizacia ar SeiZleba iyos sabiujeto struqtura.
• gamokiTxulTa naxevarze metma ar icis an mcdarad pasuxobs SekiTxvas imis Taobaze, SeuZlia Tu ara arasamTavrobo organizacias orientirebuli iyos
mogebaze
• yvelaze meti dabneulobaa “miWirs pasuxis gacema”) imasTan dakavSirebiT, gaTavisuflebulia Tu ara arasamTavrobo organizaciebi yvela tipis
gadasaxadisgan.
(
• Secdomebis yvelaze naklebi wili ukavSirdeba arasamTavrobo organizaciebis fondisa da kavSiris saxiT arsebobis SesaZleblobas.
SedarebiT ukeTesi viTarebaa, rodesac saqme exeba konkretuli arasamTavrobo
organizaciebis identifikacias. respondentTa umravlesoba sworad miuTiTebs iseTi
organizaciebs samarTlebriv statusze, rogorebicaa Tavisuflebis instituti, axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia, kontrolis palata. Tumca, Secdomebis xvedriTi
9
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wili aqac maRalia. mag. yoveli mexuTe respondenti miiCnevs, rom saerTaSoriso
savaluto fondi da saxalxo damcvelis instituti arasamTavrobo organizaciebia.
maRalia im respondentebis xvedriTi wilic, romlebic ver afiqsireben garkveul
pasuxs ama Tu im organizaciis Sesaxeb an saerTod ar smeniaT am organizaciis Sesaxeb.
saboloo Sedegebi mocemulia cxrilis saxiT (ix. cxrili #8):
cxrili #8
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan, romelia arasamTavrobo organizacia?
! organizaciebi! aris
(%)
!
ar aris
(%)
!
ar gamigia
(%)
!
miWirs
pasuxis
gacema
(%)
! ! 2003w.! 2005w.! 2003w.! 2005w.! 2003w.! 2005w.! 2003w.! 2005w.
1.! axalgazrda iuristTa
asociacia!
62.6! 78.9! 8.6! 6.3! 14.3! 4.6! 14.5! 10.3
2.! fondi “Ria sazogadoeba _
–saqarTvelo”
44.7! 34.8! 8.0! 10.9! 31.0! 26.7! 16.3! 27.7
3.! saerTaSoriso savaluto
fondi!
28.6! 20.9! 42.6! 42.4! 6.6! 7.9! 22.3! 28.8
4.! Tavisuflebis instituti! 85.0! 72.8! 4.9! 9.6! 3.3! 4.7! 6.8! 12.9
5.! “raoesi” !
16.0! 7.7! 69.6! 27.9! 1.8! 33.3! 12.6! 21.1
6.! saxalxo damcvelis
instituti!
13.9! 24.3! 63.7! 47.5! 5.8! 7.0! 16.7! 21.1
7.! kontrolis palata !
6.5! 5.9! 83.2! 76.3! 1.5! 4! 8.8! 13.8
testuri Sefasebis Sedegad gamoiyo respondentTa sami jgufi, romelTa xvedriTi
wili gviCvenebs, rom informirebulobis xarisxis mixedviT 2003 wels Catarebul
gamokiTxvis mixedviT odnav ukeTesi mdgomareoba iyo (ix. cxrili #9):
cxrili #9
! jgufebi! 2003w.
(%)!
2005w.
(%)
1. ! informirebulebi! 8.7
!6.2
2.! met-naklebad informirebulebi! 25.4! 15.7
3.! cudad informirebulebi! 65.9
!78.1
SeniSvna: amgvari cvlilebebis axsnas mocemuli kvleva ar iTvaliswinebs, Tumca, SeiZleba
garkveuli varaudebis gamoTqma:
a) 2003-04 wlebis revoluciur cvlilebebSi politikur partiebTan erTad aqtiur monawileobas iRebdnen arasamTavrobo organizaciebi (gansakuTrebiT, fondi “Ria
sazogadoeba-–saqarTvelo”). metic: axali mTavrobis dakompleqtebasa da finansur
uzrunvelyofaSi sorosis fondma arcTu umniSvnelo roli iTamaSa. yvelaferma aman
mosaxleobis garkveul nawilSi, SesaZloa, Seqmna warmodgena arasamTavrobo
organizaciebis saxelisuflo struqturebad transformaciis Sesaxeb;
b) arasamTavrobo organizaciebis bevri warmomadgenlis politikaSi gadasvlam, mosalodnelia, mosaxleobis garkveuli nawilis dabneuloba gamoiwvia, ramac
10
-
ganapiroba Secdomebis raodenobis zrda arasamTavrobo organizaciebis saparlamento
arCevnebSi SesaZlo monawileobis Taobaze;
g) ei-es Telasis “raoesad” gardaqmnam gamoiwvia is, rom mosaxleobis didma nawilma ver moaxerxa am organizaciis identifikacia da a.S.
* * *
vin aris ukeTesad informirebuli respondenti socialur-demografiuli
maCveneblebis mixedviT? rogorc mosalodneli iyo, yvelaze met gansaxvavebas am
TvalsazrisiT respondentis ganaTlebis cenzi iZleva. kerZod, umaRlesi ganaTlebis
mqone respondentTa Soris informirebulTa da met-naklebad informirebulTa
xvedriTi wili ufro maRalia (ix. diagrama #2):
diagrama #2
informirebulobis damokidebuleba ganaTlebis
cenzze
0.0%
20.0%
40.0%
60.0%
80.0%
100.0%
cudad
informirebulebi
met-naklebad
informirebulebi
informirebulebi
ara umaRlesi umaRlesi
garda amisa, informirebulTa da met-naklebad informirebulTa xvedriTi wili
odnav ufro maRalia 55 wlamde, did qalaqebSi macxovrebel da erovnebiT qarTvel
respondentTa Soris.
rogorc mosalodneli iyo, cudad informirebul respondentTa yvelaze naklebi
raodenoba TbilisSi dafiqsirda. rogor mdgomareobaa am TvalsazrisiT regionebSi?
(ix. cxrili #10):
cxrili #10
! ! cudad
informirebulebi
(%)!
met-naklebad
informirebulebi
(%)!
informirebulebi
(%)
1.! Tbilisi! 68.7! 21.7! 9.7 2.! kaxeTi! 70.9! 13.4! 15.7
3. ! aWara! 84.8! 12.1! 3.0
4.! imereTi! 92.0! 7.5! 0.5
5.! qvemo qarTli/samcxe-
javaxeTi!85.7! 6.3! 7.9
6. ! guria/samegrelo! 75.0! 22.6! 2.4
7.! Sida qarTli/mcxeTa
mTianeTi!72.6! 25.7! 1.8
11
-
* * *
informaciis wyaroebi
gamokiTxva iTvaliswinebda imis gansazRvras, Tu ra warmoadgens respondentisTvis
informaciis miRebis wyaroebs arasamTavrobo organizaciebis Sesaxeb. 2005 wels
dafiqsirebulma suraTma arsebiTad gaimeora 2003 wlis monacemebi: ualternativo
wyarod kvlav masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi rCeba. praqtikulad ar gazrdila
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mier gamocemuli masalebisa da maTTan piradi
TanamSromlobis gziT informaciis miRebis praqtika. gansxvavebulia mxolod erTi
monacemi: 2005 wels Catarebul kvlevaSi ufro meti respondenti miuTiTebs, rom
informacias nacnob-megobrebisgan iRebs. Tu am monacems gaviTvaliswinebT, SeiZleba
vivaraudoT, rom arasamTavrobo organizaciebis Sesaxeb informaciis cirkulaciis
xarisxi sazogadoebaSi gaizarda, Tumca es jer ver aisaxa arasamTavrobo
organizaciebis arsebiTi niSan-Tvisebebis Sesaxeb informirebulobis zrdaze. sruli
monacemebi aseTia (ix. cxrili #11):
cxrili #11
ZiriTadad saidan iRebT informacias arasamTavrobo seqtoris Sesaxeb?
! ! 2003w.
(%)!
2005w.
(%)
1.! sainformacio saSualebebi (presa, radio, televizia)! 92.3! 89.1
2.! nacnob-megobrebi! 17.0! 26.2
3.! arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mier gamocemuli masalebi! 2.3! 4.0
4.! piradad vTanamSromlob! 2.9! 2.2
SeniSvna: mocemul kiTxvaze gacemuli pasuxebis jami 100%-s aWarbebs, vinaidan respondentebs SeeZloT
daefiqsirebinaT erTze meti pasuxis varianti.
romel arasamTavrobo organizaciebs asaxeleben respondentebi?
respondentebs SesaZlebloba hqondaT Ria kiTxvaSi daesaxelebinaT is
arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, romelTa saqmianobasac icnoben, an romelTa Sesaxebac
smeniaT. saerTo jamSi, respondentebma daasaxeles 100-mde arasamTavrobo
organizacia. Tu 2003 wlis monacemebs SevadarebT, 2005 wlis kvlevaSi meordeba
prioritetebi iseTi organizaciebis dasaxelebasTan dakavSirebiT, rogoricaa
Tavisuflebis instituti, axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia, fondi “Ria sazogadoeba -
saqarTvelo”, wiTeli jvari. am organizaciebs ganmeorebiT kvlevaSi daemata
ramdenime axali organizacia, romlebmac Caanacvles mesame seqtoris zogierTi
warmomadgenlis dasaxelebis sixSire wina kvlevaSi (ix. cxrili #12):
cxrili #12 ! arasamTavrobo organizaciebi! 2003w.
(%)!
2005w.
(%)
1. ! Tavisuflebis instituti! 55.6! 26.2
2.! fondi “Ria sazogadoeba - – saqarTvelo”! 15.2! 6.5 3.! axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia! 18.8! 24.0
4.! wiTeli jvari! 16.8! 8.4
5.! samarTliani arCevnebi! -! 2.5
6.! kmara! -! 2.3
rogorc cxrilSi motanili monacemebi aCvenebs, 2005 wlis Sedegebs garkveulwilad
atyvia revoluciuri movlenebis “kvali”:
• Tavisuflebis institutisa da sorosis fondis dasaxelebis sixSirem, sul mcire, orjer moiklo 2003 welTan SedarebiT. es, albaT, imiT aixsneba, rom aRniSnuli
12
-
organizciebi maTi politizaciisa da xelisuflebis mimarT loialobis gamo,
mosaxleobis TvalSi naklebad aRiqmeba rogorc arasamTavrobo, alternatiuli
struqturebi. am organizaciebis bolodroindel mcdelobebs xelisuflebasTan
opoziciuri distancirebisa, rogorc Cans, sazogadoebriv azrze mniSvnelovani
gavlena jerjerobiT ar mouxdenia.
• gansxvavebuli pozicia dafiqsirda axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciis mimarT _ am organizaciis dasaxelebis sixSirem, wina kvlevasTan SedarebiT, arcTu
umniSvnelod moimata. rogorc Cans, am organizacias sazogadoeba ufro metad
aRiqvams rogorc mesame seqtors, xelisuflebis mimarT maTi bolo Tveebis
ganmavlobaSi mkveTrad gamoxatuli kritikuli damokidebulebis gamo.
• rac Seexeba iseT organizaciebs, rogoricaa samarTliani arCevnebi da kmara, maTi met-naklebi aqtualizacia koleqtiur cnobierebaSi revoluciis periodis
SesaSuri popularobis narCenad SeiZleba aRviqvaT.
rac Seexeba calkeul regionebs, gamokiTxvam daadastura zemoaRniSnuli tendencia:
Tavisuflebis institutis cnobadoba iklebs TviT TbilisSi, sadac mas yvelaze
metad icnoben (2003 wels TbiliselTa 54% asaxelebs am organizacias, 2005 wels _
49.7%); piriqiT, mniSvnelovnad izrdeba axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciis
cnobadoba rogorc TbilisSi, ise sxva regionebSi (2003 wels am organizacias
gamokiTxuli 10 regionidan mxolod oTx regionSi asaxelebdnen SedarebiT
sayuradRebo sixSiriT, 2005 wlis kvlevaSi aseTi regionebis ricxvi Svidia; garda
amisa, TbilisSi am organizaciis dasaxelebis sixSire orjer gaizarda).
sainteresoa, rom 2003 welTan SedarebiT, asparezze gamoCnda axali
arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, rac bolo ori wlis ganmavlobaSi momxdar
politikur cvlilebebs unda mieweros. qvemoT ufro detaluradaa mocemuli
gansazRvruli arasamTavrobo organizaciebis sixSiruli ganawilebebi TiToeul
regionSi (ix. cxrili #13):
13
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cxrili #13
arasamTavrobo organizaciebi!
Tbil
isi
(%)!
kaxeT
i
(%)!
Sida
qar
Tl
i
(%)
qvemo
qar
Tl
i
(%)
samcxe-
javaxeT
i
(%)
aWar
a
(%)!
gur
ia
(%)!
samegr
e
lo
imer
eT
i
(%)!
mcxeT
a-
mT
ianeT
i
(%)!
Tavisuflebis instituti! 49.7! ! ! ! 5.5! ! ! 6.2! ! !
axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia! 45.1! 9.4! 20.2! 2.2! ! 9.1! 30.8! ! 4.5! !
fondi: “Ria sazogadoeba-saqarTvelo” 14.4! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
”kmara” 5.9! ! ! ! ! 3.0! ! ! ! !
wiTeli jvari! 2.6! ! ! ! ! 2.0! ! 3.9! 13.4! !
patimarTa uflebebis dacvis asociacia! 2.0! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
invalidTa liga! 2.6! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
samarTliani arCevnebi! 2.0! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
horizonti! ! 11.8! ! ! 9.1! ! ! ! ! !
“mersi qori” ! 7.9! ! ! 3.6! ! ! ! ! !
adamianTa uflebebis dacvis asociacia! ! 3.1! ! ! ! 4.0! 2.6! ! ! !
bunebis damcvelebi! ! 3.9! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
biliki! ! ! 4.8! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
saTnoebis saxli “kaTarzisi” ! ! ! 5.2! ! ! ! ! 6.5! !
xidi! ! ! ! 12.7! ! ! ! ! ! !
vaSenoT momavali! ! ! ! 3.7! ! ! ! ! ! !
Tanasworobis kavSiri! ! ! ! 6.0! ! ! ! ! ! !
azerbaijanisa da saqarTvelos
kavSiri!
! ! ! 3.0! ! ! ! ! ! !
enis siwmondisaTvis! ! ! ! 3.0! ! ! ! ! ! !
uxucesTa sabWo! ! ! ! 4.5! ! ! ! ! ! !
GTZ ! ! ! 14.9! ! ! ! ! ! !Tavisufleba, Tanasworoba! ! ! ! 3.7! ! ! ! ! ! !
raionis veteranTa sabWo! ! ! ! 3.0! ! ! ! ! ! !
“salibda” ! ! ! 3.0! ! ! ! ! ! !
demokrat mesxTA kavSiri! ! ! ! ! 21.8! ! ! ! ! !
“qea” ! ! ! ! 10.9! 8.1! ! 3.9! ! !
World Vision ! ! ! ! 3.6! ! ! ! ! !axalgazrduli instituti! ! ! ! ! 3.6! ! ! ! ! !
axalcixe Cveni saerTo saxlia! ! ! ! ! 3.6! ! ! ! ! !
javaxeTi! ! ! ! ! 10.9! ! ! ! ! !
“Sarl aznavuri”! ! ! ! ! 5.5! ! ! ! ! !
somxuri diaspora! ! ! ! ! 5.5! ! ! ! ! !
axalgazrda JurnalistTa asociacia! ! ! ! ! ! 7.1! ! ! ! !
saTemo kavSiri! ! ! ! ! ! 4.0! ! ! ! !
studenturi kavSiri! ! ! ! ! ! 3.0! ! ! ! !
algeTi! ! ! ! ! ! ! 2.6! ! ! !
mamuli! ! ! ! ! ! ! 2.6! ! ! !
pedagogTa asociacia! ! ! ! ! ! ! 2.6! ! ! !
dedaTa kavSiri! ! ! ! ! ! ! 2.6! ! ! !
axalgazrduli ganviTarebis asociacia! ! ! ! ! ! ! 2.6! ! ! !
“sifi” ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 3.1! ! !
amqori! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 4.0!
SeniSvna: danarCeni dasaxelebuli organizaciebis xvedriTi wili 2%-ze naklebia
14
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Tavi IV: arasamTavrobo organizaciebis gavlenisa da saqmianobis Sefaseba
sxvadasxva sferoSi
sociologiuri kvleva iTvaliswinebda arasamTavrobo organizaciebis gavlenisa da
saqmianobis Sefasebas socialuri cxovrebis sxvadasxva sferoSi. amasTan, kiTxvebis am
bloks unda gadaemowmebina winamdebare blokebSi dafiqsirebuli ganwyobebi.
rac Seexeba mosaxleobis azrs saqarTveloSi mimdinare procesebze arasamTavrobo
seqtoris gavlenis Sesaxeb, ori wlis win Catarebul gamokiTxvasTan SedarebiT,
mesame seqtoris “wonam” mosaxleobis TvalSi gavlenis TvalsazrisiT moimata, Tumca
arasamTavrobo seqtoris mniSvnelovan gavlenaze respondentTa isev mcire
raodenoba miuTiTebs. respondentTa yvelaze didi nawili isev zomier Sefasebebs
irCevs (“met-naklebad mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens”).
kiTxvaze: “ramdenad axdens gavlenas arasamTavrobo seqtori saqarTveloSi
mimdinare procesebze?” – respondentTa poziciebi ase ganawilda (ix. cxrili #14 ):
cxrili #14
! ! 2003w (%)!
2005w.
(%)
1.! Zalze mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens! 5.8! 10
2.! met-naklebad mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens! 24.9! 32.8
3.! mcire gavlenas axdens! 42.2! 30.6
4.! saerTod ar axdens gavlenas! 18! 11.4
5.! miWirs pasuxis gacema! 9.1! 15.2
mesame seqtoris mimarT mosaxleobis damokidebulebis cvlileba dadebiTi
Sefasebisken, Sesabamisad aisaxa sxvadasxva sferoSi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis
saqmianobis Sefasebazec. radikalurad (pozitiuri TvalsazrisiT) Seicvala
respondentTa damokidebuleba arasamTavroboebis saqmianobis mimarT iseT
sferoebSi, rogorebicaa arCevnebis dros amomrCevelTa uflebebis dacva,
demokratiuli da samoqalaqo Rirebulebebis damkvidreba, xelisuflebis qmedebebis
kontroli. damokidebulebis aseTi mkveTri cvlileba, savaraudod, “vardebis
revoluciis” efeqts unda mivaweroT.
Tumca, kvlav rCeba sferoebi, romlebSic mesame seqtoris saqmianoba
aradamakmayofileblad fasdeba. es sferoebia: ekologiuri problemebis gadawyveta,
samewarmeo saqmianobis xelSewyoba, qalTa uflebebis dacva, saganmanaTleblo
saqmianoba.
sruli Sedegebi mocemulia cxrilSi (ix. cxrili #15):
cxrili #15
! sferoebi! saqarTveloSi moqmedi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis saqmianobis Sefaseba
! ! dadebiTad (%)!
uaryofiTad
(%)!
miWirs pasuxis
gacema (%) ! ! 2003w.! 2005w! 2003w.! 2005w.! 2003w.! 2005w. 1.! bavSvTa uflebebis dacva! 37.2! 49.0! 44.4! 31.8! 18.3! 19.2
2.! erovnuli umciresobebis
uflebebis dacva!
45.7! 48.4! 34.0! 21.5! 21.4! 30
3.! religiuri
umciresobebis uflebebis
dacva!
41.9! 50.2! 45.0! 23.6! 13.1! 26.3
15
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4.! qalTa uflebebis dacva! 31.5! 33.5! 49.6! 40.9! 18.9! 25.6
5.! ekologiuri problemebi! 13.4! 17.8! 73.0! 62.3! 13.7! 20
6.! arCevnebis dros
amomrCevelTa uflebebis
dacva!
25.7! 57.4! 59.9! 25.2! 14.3! 17.4
7.! xelisuflebis qmedebebis
kontroli!
18.0! 39.8! 65.3! 38.1! 16.4! 21.1
8.! saqvelmoqmedo/humanita
ruli saqmianoba!
33.8! 43.2! 53.5! 42.4! 12.8! 14.8
9.! saganmanaTleblo
saqmianoba!
32.5! 32.6! 49.1! 38.4! 18.5! 29
10.! korufciis winaaRmdeg
brZola!
21.8! 38.4! 66.3! 41.3! 11.9! 20.7
11.! demokratiuli,
/samoqalaqo
Rirebulebebis
damkvidreba!
30.4! 40.1! 46.6! 23.9! 23.0! 36.1
12.! samewarmeo saqmianobis
xelSewyoba!
23.1! 21.8! 52.9! 46.3! 24.1! 32
rogorc cxrilSi motanili monacemebi aCvenebs, TiTqmis yvela sferoSi uaryofiTad
SemfasebelTa wili klebulobs, magram respondentTa es raodenoba xSirad amave
doziT da upirobod ar emateba dadebiTad Semfaseblebs. negatiurad ganwyobis
transformireba, rogorc Cans, arcTu iSviaTad, neitralur poziciis (“miWirs pasuxis
gacema”) mimarTulebiT xdeba.
saqarTveloSi moqmedi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis sxvadasxva sferoSi
saqmianobis Sefasebis pozitiuri tendencia met-naklebad meordeba respondentebis
mier Tavis qalaqSi, raionSi arsebuli arasamTavroboebis Sefasebisas, Tumca aq
dadebiTi Sefasebis wili ufro naklebia. gacilebiT maRalia gaurkveveli poziciis
mqone respondentTa xvedriTi wili.
regionebis warmomadgeneli respondentebisTvis arasamTavrobo organizaciebi
yvelaze negatiur Sefasebas imsaxurebs ekologiuri problemebis, samewameo
saqmianobisTvis xelSewyobis, saqvelmoqmedo-humanitaruli moRvaweobis,
saganmanaTleblo saqmianobis sferoebSi. sruli suraTi mocemulia cxrilSi (ix.
cxrili #16):
cxrili #16
! sferoebi! Tqvens qalaqSi/raionSi moqmedi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis saqmianobis Sefaseba
dadebiTad (%)!
uaryofiTad
(%)!
miWirs pasuxis gacema
(%)
! ! 2003w.! 2005w! 2003w.! 2005w.! 2003w.! 2005w.
1.! bavSvTa uflebebis dacva! 20.7! 31.8! 42.9! 35.8! 36.4! 32.4
2.! erovnuli umciresobebis
uflebebis dacva!
22.3! 33.0! 32.1! 19.4! 45.6! 47.6
3.! religiuri umciresobebis
uflebebis dacva!
22.2! 34.2! 31.2! 20.0! 46.6! 45.7
4.! qalTa uflebebis dacva! 19.2! 23.7! 43.4! 40.3! 37.4! 36
5.! ekologiuri problemebi! 7.3! 12.9! 58.6! 60.7! 34.1! 26.3
6.! arCevnebis dros
amomrCevelTa uflebebis
dacva!
15.5! 46.9! 47.7! 27.8! 36.8! 25.8
7.! xelisuflebis qmedebebis
kontroli!
4.2! 23.1! 57.1! 41.3! 38.6! 35.6
16
-
8.! saqvelmoqmedo/humanitar
uli saqmianoba!
22.8! 33.3! 43.6! 46.2! 33.5! 20.4
9.! saganmanaTleblo
saqmianoba!
16.4! 20.0! 42.3! 46.6! 41.3! 33.4
10.! korufciis winaaRmdeg
brZola!
4.8! 21.7! 59.3! 44.2! 35.9! 34.0
11.! demokratiuli/samoqalaq
o Rirebulebebis
damkvidreba!
10.3! 20.6! 45.2! 27.7! 44.3! 51.7
12.! samewarmeo saqmianobis
xelSewyoba!
10.3! 14.0! 48.8! 47.6! 40.9! 38.5
romel sferoSia aucilebeli arasamTavrobo seqtoris gaaqtiureba?
Tu SevadarebT 2003 wels da 2005 wels Catarebuli kvlevebis Sedegebs, aRmoCndeba,
rom is sferoebi, romlebSic respondentebs sasurvelad miaCniaT arasamTavrobo
seqtoris gaaqtiureba, ZiriTadad, meordeba. miuxedavad imisa, rom korufciis
winaaRmdeg brZolisken mesame seqtors respondentTa SedarebiT ufro naklebi
raodenoba “mouwodebs”, es Tema kvlav erT-erT prioritetulad rCeba. bolo
kvlevaSi gamokiTxul respondentTa SedarebiT ufro meti raodenoba svams aqcents
iseT sferoebze, rogorebicaa kerZo biznesisTvis xelSewyoba, saqvelmoqmedo
saqmianoba/humanitaruli daxmareba (ix. cxrili #17):
cxrili #17
sferoebi, romlebSic sasurvelia mesame seqtoris
gaaqtiureba!
2003w.
(%)!
2005w.
(%)
1.! korufciis winaaRmdeg brZola! 48.7! 37.1
2.! bavSvTa uflebebis dacva! 34.1! 32.3
3.! ekologiuri problemebis gadawyveta! 28.8! 25.5
4.! saqvelmoqmedo saqmianoba/humanitaruli daxmareba! 22.4! 31.2
5.! xelisuflebis qmedebebis kontroli! 21.6! 25.4
6.! saganmanaTleblo saqmianoba! 18.3! 18.0
7.! kerZo biznesisTvis xelSewyoba! 17.8! 22.8
8. ! qalTa uflebebis dacva! 16.2! 13.1
9.! arCevnebis dros amomrCevlTa uflebebis dacva! 15.7! 9.4
10.! demokratiuli/, samoqalaqo Rirebulebebis damkvidreba! 8.9! 8.1
11.! erovnuli umciresobebis uflebebis dacva! 3.0! 6.5
12.! religiuri umciresobebis uflebaTa dacva! 4.3! 7.4
SeniSvna: mocemul kiTxvaze gacemuli pasuxebis jami 100%-s aWarbebs, vinaidan respondentebs SeeZloT
daefiqsirebinaT erTze meti pasuxis varianti.
2003 wlis monacemebTan SedarebiT, 2005 wlis monacemebi regionebis mixedviT sakmaod
“diversificirebulia”. 2003 wels TiTqmis yvela regionSi mesame seqtorisTvis
pirvel prioritetad saxeldeboda korufciis winaaRmdeg brZola. 2005 wels
Catarebul kvlevaSi korufciis winaaRmdeg brZolas arasamTavrobo seqtorisTvis
upirveles problemad asaxeleben kaxeTis (25.1%), aWaris (21.5%) da imereTis (18.5%)
regionebis macxovreblebi. sainteresoa, rom 2003 wels Catarebul kvlevaSi aWara iyo
is erTaderTi regioni, sadac korufciasTan brZola pirvel prioritetad ar
dasaxelda.
TbilisSi korufciasTan brZola (16.5%) umniSvnelo upiratesobiT pirvel adgils
uTmobs bavSvTa uflebebis dacvas (17.4%). qvemo qarTli/samcxe-javaxeTis mosaxleoba
pirvel prioritetad asaxelebs ekologiuri problemebis gadawyvetas (17.5%). guria-
17
-
samegreloSi ki _ saqvelmoqmedo saqmianobas (22.2%). Sida qarTlisa da mcxeTa-
mTianeTis regionSi mosaxleoba aqcents svams bavSvTa uflebebis dacvaze (14.5%).
qalaqebisa da soflebis mosaxleobisTvis yvelaze aqtualuri problemebi, romlebzec
arasamTavrobo seqtorma unda imuSaos Semdegia:
qalaqebis mosaxleoba! ! ! soflebis mosaxleoba! !
• bavSvTa uflebebis dacva ! 16.1 %!
! • saqvelmoqmedo-/humanitaruli saqmianoba!
16.5%!
• korufciasTan brZola! 15.8 %!
! • korufciis winaaRmdeg brZola! 15.4%!
• ekologiuri problemebi! 12.4%! ! • kerZo biznesisTvis xelSewyoba! 13.5%
––
problemebi, romelTa gadaWra arasamTavrobo seqtors SeuZlia
sferoebis winaswar SeTavazebuli CamonaTvalis garda, respondentebs SesaZlebloba
hqondaT Ria kiTxvis pasuxebSi, sakuTari iniciativiT daesaxelebinaT qveynis winaSe
mdgari is problemebi, romelTa mogvarebaSi arasamTavrobo organizaciebs SeuZliaT
mniSvnelovani rolis Sesruleba (ix. cxrili #18):
cxrili #18
! problemebi, romelTa mogvareba mesame seqtors
SeuZlia
!
2003w.
(%)!
2005w.
(%)
1. ! yvela saxis socialuri problema! 14.3! 8.3
2. ! umuSevroba, mosaxleobis dasaqmeba! 12.4! 19.4
3.! korufciasTan brZola! 9.8! 5.1
4.! adamianis uflebebis dacva! 8.7! 8.9
5.! ekonomikuri problemebis mogvareba! 6.2! 2.9
6.! humanitaruli daxmareba da misi kontroli! 5.2! 3.9
7. ! ganaTlebis sistemis reforma! 5.1! 3.6
8.! jandacvis sistemis reforma! 4.3! 2.5
9.! ekologiuri problemebi! 1.9! 3.3
SeniSvna: danarCeni dasaxelebuli problemebis xvedriTi wili 2%-ze naklebia.
problemebis CamonaTvali cxadyofs, rom mosaxleoba arasamTavrobo
organizaciebisgan im problemebis mogvarebisTvis xelSewyobas Tvlis ufro
sasurvelad, romlebic, zogadad, yvelaze aqtualurad miaCnia. bolo wlebSi
Catarebuli sociologiuri kvlevebis umravlesoba umuSevrobas da sxva socialur-
ekonomikur problemebs afiqsirebs, rogorc mosaxleobisTvis umniSvnelovaness.
sazogadoeba mesame seqtorisagan kvlav am tipis problemebze muSaobas moiTxovs da
naklebad aqcentirdeba im saqmianobebze, romlebic demokratiuli da samoqalaqo
Rirebulebebis realizacias emsaxureba.
arasamTavrobo organizaciebi da xelisufleba
xelisuflebas, sazogadoebasa da arasamTavrobo organizaciebs Soris urTierTobis
modelebi sxvadasxvagvaria. arsebobs sazogadoebis iseTi modeli, sadac mTavroba
gansazRvrul funqciebs ixsnis, romelTa efeqturad Sesarulebas arasamTavrobo
seqtori da kerZo struqturebi uzrunvelyofs. sazogadoebis liberalurobis xarisxi
miT ufro maRalia, rac ufro meti funqciis delegireba xdeba arasamTavrobo da
kerZo seqtorisTvis, anu rac ufro naklebad ereva xelisufleba socialuri
18
-
cxovrebis iseT sferoebSi, romlebic avtonomiuri regulirebis SesaZleblobas
Seicavs adamianTa kerZo iniciativiT Seqmnili organizaciebis meSveobiT.
gamokiTxva iTvaliswinebda respondentTa atitudebis Seswavlas im TvalsazrisiT, Tu
raze axdenen isini orientacias:– mTavrobis mier sazogadoebis totalur marTvaze Tu
pasuxismgeblobis ganawilebaze mTavrobasa da arasamTavrobo struqturebs Soris.
amgvari atitudebis Seswavla, garkveulwilad, ama Tu im sazogadoebis
memarcxene//memarjvene orientaciis erT-erT maCvenebladac iTvleba.
ori alternatiuli debulebidan respondentebs unda amoerCiaT is, romelsac ufro
metad eTanxmebodnen (ix. cxrili #19):
cxrili #19 ! debulebebi! 2003w
(%)!
2005w
(%)
1.! mTavroba mxolod ramdenime bazisur problemas unda
wyvetdes, danarCeni problemebi ki arasamTavrobo
organizaciebma da kerZo struqturebma unda gadaWran!
36.3! 30.2
2.! umjobesia, rom qveyanaSi arsebuli problemebis
umravlesoba mTavrobam gadawyvitos!
56.9! 58.6
3.! miWirs pasuxis gacema! 6.8! 11.2
monacemebi aCvenebs, rom ori kvlevis Sedegebi arsebiTad imeorebs erTsa da imave
tendencias: gamokiTxulTa umravlesoba sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis marTvaSi
mTavrobis met-naklebad ualternativo CarTulobis momxrea. am Tvalsazrisis
gamomxatvel respondentebs pirobiTad SeiZleba “steitistebi” (inglisuri sityvidan
- State) vuwodoT. bolo kvlevis Sedegebi UaCvenebs, rom sazogadoebrivi azri kidev ufro gadaixara steitizmisken, Tumca statistikuri gansxvaveba imdenad mniSvnelovani
araa, rom kategoriuli daskvnis gakeTebis saSualebas gvaZlevdes.
“steitizmis”, paternalisturi cnobierebis maRali xarisxi ra Tqma unda sazogadoebis
ganviTarebis kulturul-istoriuli faqtorebis simravliTa da inerciiT gamowveuli.
am faqtorebis Seswavla mocemuli kvlevis amocanebSi ar Sedioda.
2003 wels Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebma gamoavlina garkveuli kavSiri “steitizmis”
maCvenebelsa da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis saqmianobis Sefasebas Soris. kerZod,
is respondentebi, romlebic arasamTavrobo seqtoris saqmianobas dadebiTad
afasebdnen, steitizmis nakleb xarisxs avlendnen. amasTan dakavSirebiT, gamoiTqva
varaudi, rom arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mimarT damokidebulebis dadebiTisken
Secvla SesaZloa steitizmis xarisxis SemcirebasTan yofiliyo dakavSirebuli.
sainteresoa, rom amgvari varaudi bolo kvlevis Sedegebis safuZvelze ar
dasturdeba. miuxedavad imisa, rom arasamTavrobo seqtoris saqmianobis zogadi
Sefaseba dadebiTisken Seicvala, steitisturma ganwyobebmac moimata (Tumca, 2003 wels
Catarebuli kvlevis dros dafiqsirebuli kavSiri arasamTavrobo organizaciebis
mimarT damokidebulebasa da steitizmis maCvenebels Soris ufro mcire korelaciiT
SenarCunda). amis gamoxatulebad isic SeiZleba CavTvaloT, rom TviT iseTi
socialuri praqtikis ganviTareba, rogoricaa demokratiuli faseulobebis
damkvidreba, romlis erT-erT Zlier generators arasamTavrobo struqturebis
aqtiuroba warmoadgens, respondentTa ufro met raodenobas miaCnia xelisuflebis
saqmed. kiTxvaze: “ras unda daeyrdnos ufro metad saqarTveloSi demokratiiis
ganviTareba: xelisuflebis Zalisxmevas Tu arasamTavrobo organizaciebis
aqtivobas?” – pasuxebi ase ganawilda (ix. cxrili #20):
19
-
cxrili #20
ras unda daeyrdnos saqarTveloSi demokratiis
ganviTareba?!
2003w.
(%)!
2005w.
(%)
1.! ufro metad xelisuflebis Zalisxmevas! 56.7! 63.7
2.! ufro metad arasamTavrobo organizaciebis aqtivobas! 31.3! 23.4
3. miWirs pasuxis gacema! 11.8! 12.9
miuxedavad imisa, rom mosaxleobis umravlesoba demokratiis ganviTarebis saqmeSi
arasamTavrobo seqtors gadamwyvet mniSvnelobas ar aniWebs, imave umravlesoba ar
uWirs imis aRiareba, rom arasamTavrobo organizaciebi xels uwyobs demokratiis
ganviTarebas saqarTveloSi. amasTan dakavSirebiT respondentTaTvis SeTavazebuli
alternatiuli poziciebidan upiratesoba swored aRniSnul pozicias eniWeba (ix.
cxrili #21):
cxrili #21 ! debulebebi! 2003w.
!2005w.
1.! arasamTavrobo organizaciebi xels uwyobs sazogadoebaSi
demokratiis ganviTarebas!
65.0! 65.2
2.! arasamTavrobo organizaciebi sazogadoebaSi qaossa da
uwesrigobas amkvidrebs!
14.8! 11.8
3.! miWirs pasuxis gacema! 20.2! 23.0
sainteresoa, rogor Seicvala mosaxleobis azri arasamTavrobo seqtoris
saqmianobisTvis xelisSemSleli faqtorebis Sesaxeb: 2003 welTan SedarebiT, 2005
wels Catarebul kvlevaSi respondentTa ufro mcire nawili miiCnevs, rom
xelisufleba mesame seqtoris muSaobas mniSvnelovnad aferxebs. xelisuflebis
negatiuri rolis Serbileba uTuod revoluciuri movlenebis gamoZaxilia, rodesac
(postrevoluciuri periodis pirvel periodSi mainc), bevr sakiTxSi, axali
xelisufleba da mesame seqtori “erT enaze alaparakda”. wina kvlevis monacemebisagan
gansxvavebiT, mesame seqtoris ganviTarebis Seferxeba ufro naklebad braldeba TviT
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis araefeqtur saqmianobasa da maT mier damfinanseblis
interesebis gatarebas. xelisSemSlel mizezebs Soris win wamoiwia iseTma faqtorebma,
rogoricaa mosaxleobis pasiuroba da arasakmarisi fuladi saxsrebi. amdenad,
rogorc qvemoT motanili cxrili aCvenebs, mosaxleobis warmodgenebi mesame
seqtoris ganviTarebis xelisSemSleli faqtorebis Sesaxeb aSkarad Secvlilia (ix.
cxrili #22):
cxrili #22
yvelaze metad ra uSlis xels saqarTveloSi arasamTavrobo seqtoris ganviTarebas?
! ! 2003w.
(%)!
2005w.
(%)
1. ! saxelisuflebo struqturebi! 36.9! 20.5
2. ! Tavad arasamTavrobo organizaciebis araefeqturi saqmianoba! 22.4! 13.4
3.! arasamTavrobo organizaciebi ar aris Tavisufali, isini,
ZiriTadad, damfinanseblis interesebs emsaxuraba!
21.3! 15.2
4.! mosaxleobis pasiuroba! 21.2! 27.4
5.! arasakmarisi fuladi saxsrebi! 18.8! 27.2
6.! gadasaxadebis maRali ganakveTebi! 5.9! 6.9
7.! seriozuli xelisSemSleli mizezi ar arsebobs! 5.5! 9.3
SeniSvna: mocemul kiTxvaze gacemuli pasuxebis jami 100%-s aWarbebs, vinaidan respondentebs SeeZloT
daefiqsirebinaT erTze meti pasuxis varianti.
20
-
arasamTavrobo seqtoris dafinansebis wyaroebi
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis dafinansebis SesaZlebeli wyaroebis Sesaxeb
mosaxleobis azri, 2003 welTan SedarebiT, arsebiTad ar Secvlila. SesamCnevia
mxolod is garemoeba, rom respondentTa ufro mcire nawili akisrebs finansur
pasuxismgeblobas saerTaSoriso donor organizaciebs saqarTveloSi arasamTavrobo
seqtoris ganviTarebaze. Sesabamisad, respondentTa ufro naklebi raodenoba
iziarebs im pesimistur prognozs, rom sakmarisia momavali aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi
saqarTvelos Seumcirdes daxmareba saerTaSoriso donori organizaciebisgan da
mesame seqtoris ganviTareba Seferxdeba. Tumca, respondentTa yvelaze didi nawili
isev fiqrobs, rom mesame seqtori
-
magram ar gazrdila imaTi raodenoba, vinc am organizaciebs arakorumpirebulTa
rigebSi aTavsebs. arasamTavrobo organizaciebis korumpirebulobis Sefasebisas
kidev ufro gaizarda im respondentTa ricxvi, romlebic garkveul pozicias ver
afiqsireben. “dabneulobis koeficienti” arasamTavrobo organizaciebis Sefasebisas
am TvalsazrisiT yvelaze maRalia. aseTi tendencia arcerT sxva institutTan
mimarTebaSi ar vlindeba (ix. cxrili #25):
cxrili #25
! organizaciebi! korumpirebuli (%)!
arakorumpirebuli
(%)!
miWirs pasuxis
gacema
(%)
! ! 2003w.! 2005w.! 2003w.! 2005w. !
2003w.! 2005w.
1.! parlamenti! 88.6! 46.5! 7.4! 39.6! 4.0! 13.9
2.! mTavroba! 91.7! 46.8! 5.4! 41.3! 3.0! 11.9
3.! gamgeoba/meria! 78.0! 45.3! 16.6! 38.5! 5.5! 16.2
4.! sakrebulo! 58.6! 36.2! 29.2! 43.9! 12.3! 19.5
5.! adgilobrivi arasamTavrobo
organizaciebi!
26.5! 15.7! 42.8! 42.0! 30.8! 42.3
6.! saerTaSoriso
arasamTavrobo
organizaciebi!
22.6! 13.2! 47.6! 43.8! 29.8! 43.0
7.! masmedia! 24.7! 14.6! 67.0! 70! 8.3! 15.4
aRniSnuli tendencia meordeba, agreTve, im kiTxvebTan mimarTebaSi, romlebic
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mier mopovebuli saxsrebis daniSnulebisamebr
gamoyenebasa da fulis gaTeTrebis SesaZleblobas exeba. marTalia, mcirdeba im
respondentTa ricxvi, romlebic amgvar ““codvebSi”” adanaSauleben arasamTavrobo
organizaciebs, magram paralelurad izrdeba im respondentTa xvedriTi wili,
romlebic Tavs ikaveben Sefasebisgan (ix. cxrilebi ##26, 27):
cxrili #26
! debulebebi! 2003w.
(%)!
2005w.
(%)
1. ! arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mier mopovebuli fuladi
saxsrebi, ZiriTadad, xmardeba sazogadoebisTvis
sasargeblo saqmeebs!
30.8! 32.1
2.! arasamTavrobo organizaciebi mopovebul saxsrebs
aradaniSnulebisamebr, piradi sargeblobisTvis iyeneben!
37.1! 22.1
3.! miWirs pasuxis gacema! 32.1! 45.8
cxrili #27 ! debulebebi! 2003w.
(%)!
2005w.
(%)
1.! arasamTavrobo organizaciebi efeqturad amxels qveyanaSi
korufcias!
46.8! 51.9
2.! arasamTavrobo organizaciebi arakanonieri gziT naSovni
fulis “gaTeTrebis” saSualebaa da aris korufciis
xelSemwyobi!
21.4! 12.3
3.! miWirs pasuxis gacema! 31.8! 35.8
* * *
arakorumpirebulobis TvalsazrisiT yvelaze dadebiT Sefasebas adgilobriv
arasamTavrobo organizaciebs aWaris, guria-samegrelosa da Sida qarTli-mcxeTa
mTianeTis mosaxleoba aZlevs. TbilisSi SedarebiT maRalia im respondentTa
xvedriTi wili, romlebic arasamTavrobo organizaciebs korumpirebulad Tvlian. am
22
-
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT yvelaze meti dabneulobaa imereTis regionSi (ix. cxrili
#28):
cxrili #28 ! korumpirebulia Tu ara arasamTavrobo organizaciebi? ! ! korumpirebulia
(%)!
arakorumpirebulia
(%)!
miWirs psaxis
gacema (%) ! ! 2003w.! 2005w.! 2003w.! 2005w.! 2003w.! 2005w.
1.! Tbilisi! 31.1! 24.0! 52.0! 42.7! 16.9! 33.3
2.! kaxeTi! 16.5! 14.2! 37.0! 44.1! 46.5! 41.7
3.! Sida qarTli/mcxeTa mTianeTi! 48.7! 14.2! 37.1! 46! 14.2! 39.8
4.! qvemo qarTli/samcxe-
javaxeTi!
22.5! 14.3! 29.3! 38.1! 48.2! 47.6
5.! guria/samegrelo! 17.3! 18.5! 62.5! 47.0! 20.2! 34.5
6.! imereTi! 28.0! 6.5! 38.0! 29.9! 34.0! 63.7
7.! aWara! 20.2! 11.1! 30.3! 56.6! 49.5! 32.3
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis saqmianobis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi
ramdenad Seicvala respondentTa damokidebuleba arasamTavrobo seqtoris
saqmianobis iseTi parametrebis mimarT, rogoricaa: a) qmediTunarianoba; b)
progresuloba? 2005 wels Catarebulma gamokiTxvam am TvalsazrisiTac
korumpirebulobis sakiTxTan damokidebulebis cvlileba gaimeora. kerZod, Semcirda
im respondentTa wili, romlebic mesame seqtors araqmediTunarian da mxolod ucxo
faseulobebis propagandist institutebad moiazreben. amave dros izrdeba im
respondentTa wili, romlebic garkveuli poziciis dafiqsirebas ver axerxeben (ix.
cxrilebi ##29, 30):
cxrili #29
! debulebebi! 2003w.
(%)!
2005w.
(%)!
1.! arasamTavrobo organizaciebis meSveobiT adamianebs
uadvildebaT sakuTari interesebis dacva da miznebis
realizacia!
44.8! 48!
2.! arasamTavrobo organizaciebi adamianebs mxolod cariel
dapirebebs aZeven, realurad maT daxmareba ar SeuZliaT!
37.4! 24.1!
3. ! miWirs pasuxis gacema ! 17.8! 28.0
cxrili #30
! debulebebi! 2003w.
(%)!
2005w.
(%)!
1.! arasamTavrobo organizaciebi xels uwyobs sazogadoebaSi
civiluri samyarosTvis damaxasiaTebeli progresuli ideebis
damkvidrebas!
42.3! 42.6!
2.! arasamTavrobo organizaciebi ar zrunavs erovnul
Rirebulebebze da propagandas uwevs ucxo faseulobebs!
32.3! 26.1!
3.! miWirs pasuxis gacema! 25.3! 31.3
mesame seqtoris mimarT gansazRvruli atitudebis mqone klasterebi/jgufebi
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis saqmianobis sxvadasxva aspeqtis SefasebasTan
dakavSirebuli wyviladi, alternatiuli debulebebis xvedriTi wilis (mosaxleobis
SerCevaSi) analizis safuZvelze gamoiyo oTxi jgufi klasteri): (
I jgufi: – respondentebi, romlebic arasamTavrobo seqtoris saqmianobis sxvadasxva
aspeqts, ZiriTadad, dadebiTad afaseben. kerZod Tvlian, rom:
23
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• arasamTavrobo organizaciebi xels uwyobs demokratiis ganviTarebas; • arasamTavrobo organizaciebis meSveobiT adamianebs uadvildebaT sakuTari
interesebis dacva da miznebis realizacia;
• arasamTavrobo organizaciebi moqalaqeebs icavs saxelmwifos Zaladobisgan; • arasamTavrobo organizaciebi efeqturad amxels korufcias; • arasamTavrobo organizaciebi xels uwyobs sazogadoebaSi civiluri
samyarosTvis damaxasiaTebeli progresuli ideebis damkvidrebas;
• arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mier mopovebuli saxsrebi, ZiriTadad, xmardeba sazogadoebisTvis sasargeblo saqmeebs.
II jgufi:– respondentebi, romlebic arasamTavrobo seqtoris saqmianobis sxvadasxva
aspeqts, ZiriTadad, uaryofiTad afaseben. kerZod, Tvlian, rom:
• arasamTavrobo organizaciebi sazogadoebaSi qaossa da uwesrigobas amkvidrebs;
• arasamTavrobo organizaciebi adamianebs cariel dapirebebs aZlevs; • arasamTavrobo organizaciebi xels uSlis saxelmwifos izrunos moqalaqeebis
sakeTildReod;
• arasamTavrobo organizaciebi arakanonieri gziT naSovni fulis “gaTeTrebis” saSualebaa;
• arasamTavrobo organizaciebi ar zrunavs erovnul Rirebulebebze da propagandas uwevs ucxo faseulobebs;
• arasamTavrobo organizaciebi mopovebul saxsrebs aradaniSnulebisamebr iyenebs.
III jgufi: – respondentebi, romlebsac arasamTavrobo seqtoris saqmianobis
aspeqtebis Sesaxeb Camoyalibebuli azri ar gaaCniaT.
IV jgufi: – respondentebi, romlebsac SeiZleba pirobiTad “oportunistebi””
vuwodoT. am tipis respondentebi ar atareben ““erT Tanmimdevrul xazs””” _
arasamTavrobo seqtoris saqmianobis aspeqtebidan daaxloebiT naxevars afaseben
dadebiTad da naxevars - uaryofiTad.
rogor Seicvala am jgufebs Soris respondentTa sixSiruli ganawileba 2003 wels
Catarebul kvlevasTan SedarebiT?
klasterebs Soris respondentTa ganawilebis suraTi radikalurad ar Secvlila,
Tumca aRsaniSnavia ramdenime tendencia:
• respondentTa xvedriTi wili Semcirda e.w. oportunistTa da mesame seqtoris saqmianobis sxvadasxva aspeqtebis mimarT ZiriTadad negativisturad ganwyobilTa
jgufSi.
• 2005 wels Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT, ramdenadme moimata respondentTa raodenobam arasamTavrobo organizaciebis saqmianobis
sxvadasxva aspeqtebis mimarT dadebiTad da gaurkvevlad ganwyobilTa jgufebSi
(ix. cxrili #31):
cxrili #31
klasterebi! 2003 w.
(%)!
2005w.
(%)
I jgufi: ! dadebiTad ganwyobilebi! 42.0! 50.0
II uaryofiTad ganwyobilebi! 19.0! 10.2
24
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jgufi:!
III
jgufi:!
Camoyalibebuli azris
armqone!
12.0! 15.2
IV
jgufi:
“oportunistebi”! 28.0! 24.6
* * *
mocemul jgufebis daxasiaTeba socialur-demografiuli parametrebis mixedviT garkveulad
imeorebs 2003 wels dafiqsirebul tendenciebs, kerZod:
• I jgufis (dadebiTad Semfaseblebi) warmomadgenelTa xvedriTi wili ufro maRalia 45 wlamde asakis respondentebSi
• negativistebis wilic matulobs respondentTa asakis matebastan erTad • im respondentTa wili, romlebsac garkveuli azri ar gaaCniaT arasamTavrobo
seqtoris moRvaweobis Sesaxeb SedarebiT ufro maRalia 55 welze ufros respondentTa
Soris
• rac Seexeba “oportunistebis”: jgufs, misi asakobrivi profili ufro Sereulia (ix. diagrama #3):
diagrama #3
klasterebis ganawileba asakobriv jgufebSi
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+
cl1cl2cl3cl4
rac Seexeba ganaTlebis cenzis mixedviT gamoyofil jgufebSi Cvens mier aRwerili
jgufebis ganawilebas, aq suraTi Semdegnairia:
• dadebiTad ganwyobil respondentTa wili metia umaRlesi ganaTlebis mqone respondentTa Soris
• garkveuli poziciis armqoneTa xvedriTi wili metia umaRlesi ganaTlebis armqone respondentTa Soris
• “oportunistebis” profili am faqtoris mixedviTac Sereulia (ix. diagrama #4): diagrama #4
25
-
klasterebis ganawileba ganaTlebis cenzis
jgufebSi
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
cl1 cl2 cl3 cl4
ara umaRlesi
umaRlesi
rogor kavSirSia respondentis Semosavali arasamTavrobo organizaciebis
saqmianobis sxvadasxva aspeqtebis SefasebasTan? am parametris mixedviT analizma
mniSvnelovani statistikuri gansxvaveba ver gamoavlina. Tumca, SedarebiT
maRalSemosavlian respondentTa Soris odnav ufro maRalia dadebiTad ganwyobilTa
wili.
qalaqebis mosaxleobas Soris dadebiTad ganwyobilTa jgufis xvedriTi wili ufro
maRalia; soflis mosaxleobaSi, saerTo suraTTan SedarebiT, ufro maRalia e.w.
oportunistTa xvedriTi wili.
regionebs Soris dadebiTad ganwyobilTa ufro maRali xvedriTi wiliT
gamoirCevian aWaris, Sida qarTli/mcxeTa mTianeTis, guria-samedgrelos regionebi.
uaryofiTad ganwyobilTa xvedriTi wili SedarebiT maRalia kaxeTis, Tbilisis,
imereTis mosaxleobas Soris.
26
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Tavi 5: moqalaqeTa urTierToba arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan
arasamTavrobo seqtorsa da sazogadoebas Soris urTierTobis formebidan gamoiyo:
a) arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mier moqalaqeebisTvis SeTavazebuli momsaxurebiT
sargebloba; b) arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan TanamSromloba. sociologiuri
gamokiTxva iTvaliswinebda imis garkvevas, Tu ramdenad gavrcelebuli da
intensiuria arasamTavrobo seqtorsa da moqalaqeebs Soris urTierTobis orive
praqtika da moxda Tu ara mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi am mimarTulebiT bolo ori
wlis ganmavlobaSi.
Tu ori gamokiTxvis Sedegebs SevadarebT, SeiZleba visaubroT arasamTavrobo
organizaciebis momsaxurebiT mosargebleTa odnav matebaze. kerZod, am kategoriis
respondentTa wili 2003 wels Catarebuli kvlevis mixedviT 12.7% iyo, 2005 wels ki _
17.4%-ia. umniSvnelo matebaa, agreTve, im respondentTa Soris, visac UuTanamSromlia
(an TanamSromlobs) arasamTavrobo seqtorTan: 2003w. _ 5.8%; 2005w. _ – 7.9%.
gamokiTxvis SedegebiT, arasamTavrobo seqtoris mier SeTavazebuli momsaxurebiT
“mosargebleTa” kategorias SedarebiT ufro xSirad gamouyenebia saqvelmoqmedo
saqmianoba//humanitaruli daxmareba (5.5%); sixSiris mixedviT amas mohyveba
saganmanaTleblo kursebze, seminarebsa da treiningebze daswreba (4.8%), iuridiuli
konsultaciiT sargebloba (4.4%), daxmarebis miReba ama Tu im saqmianobisTvis saWiro
informaciis miRebaSi (1.7%), konsultaciebi kreditebis misaRebad (0.9%). sxva tipis
momsaxurebis xvedriTi wili 0.5%-s ar aRemateba.
im respondentTa Soris, visac usargeblia arasamTavrobo organizaciebis
momsaxurebiT, didi umravlesoba maT mier gaweul momsaxurebas dadebiTad afasebs
(84.5%). aseTive Sedegi dafiqsirda 2003 wels Catarebuli kvlevis mixedviT.
rogori tipis TanamSromloba hqondaT arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan im
respondentebs, romlebmac daafiqsires TanamSromlobis faqti?
yvelaze didi wili modis seminarebsa da treiningebSi monawileobaze (29.8%), sakmaod
didia arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mier mowyobil RonisZiebebSi moxaliseTa
(36.2%) da arasamTavrobo organizaciis wevrTa wilic (21.3%). im respondentTa 14.9%,
romlebic arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan TanamSromlobs (an TanamSromlobda),
miuTiTebs, rom awodebs (awodebda) arasamTavrobo organizaciebs garkveul
informacias; 9.6%-s ganuxorcielebia proeqti arasamTavrobo organizaciis mier
gacemuli grantis farglebSi; 2.1 %-ma miiRo humanitaruli daxmareba arasamTavrobo
organizaciisgan (danarCeni pasuxebis sixSire 2%-s ar aRemateba).
gamokiTxvam gamoavlina is sferoebi, romlebSic moqalaqeebsa da arasamTavrobo
organizaciebs Soris TanamSromloba Sedga. Tu SevadarebT 2003 da 2005 wlebSi
Catarebuli kvlevebis Sedegebs, miviRebT Semdeg suraTs (ix. cxrili #32):
cxrili #32
! sferoebi! 2003w.
(%)!
2005w.
(%)
1.! saqvelmoqmedo saqmianoba/humanitaruli daxmareba! 27.1! 17.0
2.! arCevnebis dros amomrCevelTa uflebebis dacva! 17.1! 38.3
3.! demokratiuli samoqalaqo Rirebulebebis damkvidreba! 17.1! 23.4
4.! bavSvTa uflebebis dacva! 15.7! 12.8
27
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5.! saganmanaTleblo saqmianoba! 14.3! 4.2
6.! qalTa uflebebis dacva! 12.9! 8.5
7.! ekologiuri problemebi! 8.6! 5.3
8.! samewarmeo saqmianobisTvis xelSewyoba! 8.6! 4.3
9.! xelisuflebis qmedebebis kontroli! 5.7! 3.2
10.! korufciis winaaRmdeg brZola! 5.7! 5.3
11.! religiuri umciresoebebis uflebebis dacva! 2.9! 5.3
12.! erovnuli umciresobebis uflebebis dacva! 2.9! 5.3
13.! jandacvis problemebis mogvareba! 2.9! 1.1
SeniSvna: mocemul kiTxvaze gacemuli pasuxebis jami 100%-s aWarbebs, vinaidan respondentebs SeeZloT
daefiqsirebinaT erTze meti pasuxis varianti.
(rogorc aRiniSna, im respondentTa ricxvi, romlebmac arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan
TanamSromlobaze miuTiTes, sakmaod mcire iyo statistikuri analizisTvis (7.9%). Sesabamisad,
zemoaRniSnul SekiTxvasTan mimarTebaSi momxdari cvlilebebis Sesaxeb informacia
statistikuri sandoobis maRali xarisxiT ar gamoirCeva, Tumca, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom 2003-
2004 wlebis saarCevno procesebi mocemul monacemebzec aisaxa. kerZod, wina gamokvlevasTan
SedarebiT, mniSvnelovnad moimata mesame seqtorTan TanamSromlobis maCvenebelma iseT
sferoSi, rogoricaa arCevnebis dros amomrCevelTa uflebebis dacva. es uTuod aris 2003-04
wlebis saarCevno bataliebis gamoZaxili, rodesac arasamTavrobo organizaciebi
(gansakuTrebiT, “samarTliani arCevnebi”) aqtiurad CaerTnen arCevnebis monitoringSi
moqalaqeTa monawileobiT).
iseve, rogorc 2003 wels Catarebul kvlevaSi, arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan
TanamSromlobis ZiriTad motivebs Soris figurirebs sazogadoebisTvis
mniSvnelovan problemebze muSaobis SesaZlebloba (38.3%) da konkretuli TemiT,
sakiTxiT respondentTa daintereseba (29.8%). respondentTa mxolod 10.6% miuTiTebs
arasamTavrobo seqtorTan TanamSromlobis procesSi finansur dainteresebaze.
gamokiTxulTa amdenive wili miuTiTebs imaze, rom mesame seqtorTan sakuTari
nacnob-megobrebis daxmarebis gamo TanamSromlobs.
arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan TanamSromlobis survili
respondentTa 92.1%-s arasodes uTanamSromlia arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan. am
TvalsazrisiT viTareba mxolod umniSvnelod gaumjobesda 2003 welTan SEedarebiT
(Sesabamisad, 94.2%).
sainteresoa, aqvT Tu ara am respondentebs survili momavalSi iTanamSromlon
arasamTavrobo seqtorTan? am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, respondentTa poziciebi
daaxloebiT imeorebs 2003 wels dafiqsirebul suraTs: respondentTa 29.9% (2003w. -
33.4%) gamoTqvams mesame seqtorTan TanamSromlobis survils. gamokiTxulTa ufro
did nawils (43.3%; 2003w - 47.3%) arc uTanamSromlia da arc momavalSi gamoTqvams
TanamSromlobis survils. daaxloebiT yoveli meoTxe respondenti ver gamoTqvams
garkveul pozicias am sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi (2003w. – 19.7; 2005 w. 26.7%).
* * *
respondentTa socialur-demografiuli maxasiaTebelebidan arasamTavrobo
organizaciebTan TanamSromlobis survili kavSirSia respondentis asakTan da
ganaTlebis cenzTan. kerZod:
• rac ufro axalgazrdaa respondenti, miT ufro metad gamoTqvams mesame seqtorTan TanamSromlobis survils. aseT respondentTa xvedriTi wili
yvelaze maRalia 18-24 wlis asakobriv jgufSi (41.5%).
28
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• arasamTavrobo seqtorTan TanamSromlobis msurvelTa xvedriTi wili ufro maRalia umaRlesi ganaTlebis mqone (37.5%), vidre umaRlesi ganaTlebis
armqone respondentebSi (24.9%).
regionebTan mimarTebaSi yvelaze mkveTri cvlileba kvlav aWaris regionSia
dafiqsirebuli. am regionis mosaxleobaSi mkveTrad moimata arasamTavrobo
organizaciebTan TanamSromlobis survilma (ix. cxrili #33):
cxrili #33
! gaqvT Tu ara survili iTanamSromloT arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan?
! ! diax
(%)!
ara
(%)!
miWirs pasuxis
gacema
(%)
! regionebi! 2003w.! 2005w
.!
2003w.! 2005w.! 2003w.! 2005w.
1.! Tbilisi! 37.5! 29.3! 49.5! 56.8! 13.1! 13.9
2.! kaxeTi! 30.3! 29.8! 48.7! 38.8! 21.0! 31.4
3.! Sida qarTli/mcxeTa
mTianeTi!
26.6! 36.4! 65.1! 47.7! 8.3! 15.9
4.! qvemoqarTli/samcxe-
javaxeTi!
32.0! 24.7! 30.3! 40.6! 37.7! 34.7
5.! guria/samegrelo! 36.9! 24.4! 49.0! 23.2! 14.0! 52.4
6.! imereTi! 41.0! 34.4! 47.7! 47.3! 11.3! 18.3
7.! aWara! 14.9! 35.4! 41.5! 36.6! 43.6! 28.0
romel sferoebs aniWeben upiratesobas is respondentebi, romlebic gamoTqvamen
arasamTavrobo seqtorTan TanamSromlobis survils? am sferoebis arCevani TiTqmis
iseTivea, rogorc 2003 wels Catarebul kvlevaSi iyo. am TvalsazrisiTac,
mosaxleobis ganwyobebSi mniSvnelovani Zvrebi ar momxdara (ix. cxrili #34):
cxrili #34 ! sferoebi, romlebSic respondentebi gamoTqvamen mesame
seqtorTan TanamSromlobis survils!
2003w.
(%)!
2005w.
(%)
1.! bavSvTa uflebebis dacva! 28.8! 26.4
2.! saqvelmoqmedo saqmianoba/humanitaruli daxmareba! 19.3! 20.1
3.! qalTa uflebebis dacva! 18.5! 18.8
5.! samewarmeo saqmianobisTvis xelSewyoba! 18.3! 21.3
6.! ekologiuri problemebis gadawyveta! 15.5! 14.9
7.! korufciis winaaRmdeg brZola! 14.5! 15.8
8.! xelSewyoba sazRvargareT ganaTlebis miRebaSi! 13.8! 14
9.! xelisuflebis qmedebebis kontroli! 9.3! 10.9
10.! arCevnebis dros amomrCevelTa uflebebis dacva! 8.5! 6.1
11.! demokratiuli/samoqalaqo Rirebulebebis damkvidreba! 7.5! 4.0
12! saganmanaTleblo saqmianoba! 3.3! 0.9
13.! religiuri umciresobebis uflebaTa dacva! 2.8! 5.2
14.! erovnuli umciresobebis uflebebis dacva! 1.8! 3.3
SeniSvna: mocemul kiTxvaze gacemuli pasuxebis jami 100%-s aWarbebs, vinaidan respondentebs SeeZloT
daefiqsirebinaT erTze meti pasuxis varianti.
sainteresoa, rom iseve, rogorc 2003 wels Catarebul kvlevaSi, respondentebis mier
im sferoebis dasaxeleba, romlebSic isini isurvebdnen arasamTavrobo
organizaciebTan TanamSromlobas, ar emTxveva im sferos, romelsac mosaxleoba
mesame seqtorisTvis prioritetulad Tvlis. miuxedavad imisa, rom upirvelesi
sazogadoebrivi “dakveTa” arasamTavrobo seqtorisTvis korufciasTan brZolaa, am
29
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sferoSi mesame seqtorTan TanamSromlobis msurveli SedarebiT naklebia sxva
sferoebTan SedarebiT.
regionebis mixedviT is sferoebi, romlebSic mosaxleoba arasamTavrobo seqtorTan
TanamSromlobas isurvebda, ase ganawilda (ix. cxrili #35 : )
cxrili #35
! sferoebi, romlebSic respondentebi gamoTqvamen mesame seqtorTan
TanamSromlobis survils!
Tbil
isi
(%)!
kaxeT
i
(%)!
Sida
qar
Tl
i//
mcxeT
a-
mT
ianeT
i
(%)
Qvvemo
qar
Tl
i//
samcxe-
javaxeT
i
(%)
gur
ia//
samegr
el
o
(%)
imer
eT
i
(%)!
aWar
a
(%)!
1.! bavSvTa uflebebis dacva! 18.5! ! 15.1! ! 15.0! 16.7! 25.9!
2.! qalTa uflebebis dacva! 13.4! 13.4! 12.3! ! ! ! 16.7!
3.! saqvelmoqmedo
saqmianoba//humanitaruli daxmareba!
11.8! 20.9! ! ! 15.0! 17.6! !
4.! samewarmeo saqmianobisaTvis
xelSewyoba!
! 17.9! ! 18.8! ! 12.0! 14.8!
5.! korufciis winaaRmdeg brZola! ! ! 12.3! ! ! 12.0! !
6.! xelSewyoba sazRvargareT
ganaTlebis misaRebad!
! ! 13.7! 14.1! ! ! !
7.! ekologiuri problemebis
gadawyveta!
! ! ! 20.3! ! ! !
8.! xelisuflebis qmedebebis
kontroli!
! ! ! ! 23.3! !
Tanabari anazRaurebis pirobebSi mianiWebdnen Tu ara upiratesobas respondentebi
arasamTavrobo organizacias, rogorc samuSao adgils?
am TvalsazrisiT, respondentTa ganwyobebi mniSvnelovnad ar Secvlila. iseve,
rogorc 2003 wels Catarebul kvlevaSi, arasamTavrobo organizaciebSi muSaobis
dawyebas respondentebi, Tanabari anazRaurebis pirobebSic ki, amjobineben kerZo
biznesSi, sabiujeto organizaciebSi da saxelisuflebo struqturebSi dasaqmebas (ix.
cxrili #36):
cxrili #36
Tu anazRaureba iqneboda Tanabari, sad isurvebdiT muSaobis dawyebas?
! ! 2003w.
(%)!
2005w.
(%)
1.! kerZo biznesSi! 46.6! 36.6
2.! sabiujeto organizaciaSi! 21.8! 20.2
3.! saxelisuflebo struqturebSi! 15.8! 15
4.! arasamTavrobo organizaciebSi! 10.4! 8.7
5.! politikur partiaSi! 2.6! 1.3
6.! nebismier organizaciaSi! 0.2! 0.5
7.! miWirs pasuxis gacema! 9.2! 15.6
arasamTavrobo organizaciaSi dasaqmebis survili odnav ufro metia umaRlesi
ganaTlebis mqone respondentTa Soris (11.2%), ara umaRlesi ganaTlebis mqone
respondentebTan SedarebiT (6.9%).
ra aris im respondentebis motivacia, romlebsac ar surT arasamTavrobo
organizaciebTan TanamSromloba? sainteresoa, rom 2003 wlis monacemebTan
SedarebiT, Semcirda im respondentebis ricxvi, romlebic motivaciad TviT
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis SigniT arsebul naklovanebebs an maT mimarT
30
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uaryofiT ganwyobas afiqsireben. orive kvlevis monacemebi ase gamoiyureba (ix.
cxrili #37)::
cxrili #37 ! ratom ar gsurT arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan
TanamSromloba?!
2003w.
(%)!
2005w.
(%)
1.! ar meqneba stabiluri anazRaureba/xelfasi! 15.5! 7.8
2.! arasamTavrobo organizaciebis muSaoba araefeqturia, maTTan
TanamSromlobiT SeuZlebelia problemebis realurad
mogvareba!
23.0! 18.5
3.! arasamTavrobo organizaciebi emsaxureba kerZo pirebis
(partiebis, organizaciebis) interesebs!
16.8! 10.5
4.! maqvs (minda mqondes) ukeTesi samuSao! 23.6! 18.7
5.! arasamTavrobo organizaciebi korumpirebulia! 6.0! 3.2
6.! xels ar miwyobs asaki! 8.6! 12.4 ! sxva mizezi: xels ar miwyobs janmrTeloba, ojaxuri pirobebis
gamo, ar mainteresebs da a.S.!
! 14.3
7.! miWirs pasuxis gacema! 18.2! 22.9
SeniSvna: mocemul kiTxvaze gacemuli pasuxebis jami 100%-s aWarbebs, vinaidan respondentebs SeeZloT
daefiqsirebinaT erTze meti pasuxis varianti.
arasamTavrobo organizaciebisadmi mimarTva da mzaoba maT mxardasaWerad
cxovrebis sxvadasxva eqstremalur situaciaSi arasamTavrobo organizaciisTvis
mimarTvis moTxovna garkveulwilad gamoxatavs mosaxleobis azrs arasamTavrobo
organizaciebis qmediTunarianobis Sesaxeb. rogoria arasamTavrobo struqturebisa
da sxva institutebis “wona” im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saqme adamianis uflebebis dacvas
exeba. 2003 wels Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebma gamoavlina, rom arasamTavrobo
organizaciebis “wona” adamianis uflebebis dacvis TvalsazrisiT CamorCeba
sasamarTlos da saxalxo damcvelis gavlenas, Tumca, aRemateba parlamentis adamianis
uflebaTa dacvis komitetis gavlenas. 2005 wels Catarebulma kvlevam gaimeora
aRniSnuli tendencia. arasamTavrobo seqtoris poziciebi am TvalsazrisiT odnav
ufro gamyarda da dauaxlovda saxalxo damcvelis poziciebs (ix. cxrili #38)::
cxrili #38 ! Tu Tqveni uflebebi dairRva, vis mimarTavdiT? ! ! 2003w.
(%)!
2005w.
(%)
1.! saxalxo damcvels! 42.8! 40.2
2.! sasamarTlos! 48.0! 44.3
3.! parlamentis adamianis uflebaTa dacvis komitets! 20.5! 22.3
4.! adamianis uflebebis damcvel arasamTavrobo organizaciebs! 32.1! 35.7
5.! kriminaluri samyaros avtoritetebs! 13.3! 6.1
6.! arcerTs! 10.0! 11.2
7.! nacnob-megobrebs! 1.3! 1.4
8.! saxelisuflebo partias! 1.3! 1.1
SeniSvna: mocemul kiTxvaze gacemuli pasuxebis jami 100%-s aWarbebs, vinaidan respondentebs SeeZloT
daefiqsirebinaT erTze meti pasuxis varianti.
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mimarT damokidebulebis erT-erT mniSvnelovani
indikatoria moqalaqeTa mzaoba, ara mxolod miiRos an moiTxovos arasamTavrobo
organizaciebisgan garkveuli daxmareba, aramed Tavad gamoavlinos sxvadasxva tipis
aqtivoba arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mxardasaWerad. 2003 wlis Catarebulma
kvlevam am TvalsazrisiT mosaxleobis maRali mzaoba ver gamoavlina. 2005 wels
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Catarebuli kvleva, arsebiTad, imeorebs gamovlenil tendenciebs, Tumca, aris
gaumjobeseba erTi mimarTulebiT: im respondentTa wili, romlebic mesame seqtoris
sxvadasxva saxiT mxardaWeraze upirobo uars acxadeben, ramdenadme Semcirda.
miuxedavad amisa, rogorc monacemebi aCvenebs, am kategoriam jer ver gadainacvla
aqtiur mxardamWerTa rigebSi, anu gaizarda ufro frTxili an gaukveveli poziciis
respondentTa wili. respondentTa mzaoba 2005 wlis kvlevis Tanaxmad, saboloo
jamSi, aseTia:
• respondentebi yvelaze negatiurad arian ganwyobilni arasamTavrobo organizaciis mxardasaWerad saproteso aqciaSi monawileobis mimarT. yoveli
meore respondenti acxadebs, rom ar miiRebda monawileobas am tipis aqciaSi;
• yvelaze meti respondenti, SesaZleblobis SemTxvevaSi, arasamTavrobo seqtoris mimarT finansuri mxardaWeris survils gamoTqvams;
• daaxloebiT yoveli mesame respondenti Tvlis, rom miiRebda monawileobas arasamTavrobo organizaciis mier mowyobil RonisZiebebSi moxalised.
ufro detalurad monacemebi mocemulia qvemoT (ix. cxrili #39):
cxrili #39 ! aqtivobebi! diax
(%)!
ara
(%)!
miWirs pasuxis
gacema
(%)
! ! 2003w.! 2005w.! 2003w.! 2005w.! 2003w.! 2005w.
1.! miviRebdi monawileobas saprotesto
aqciaSi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis
uflebebis dasacavad, raime Zalis mxridan
maTze zewolis SemTxvevaSi!
32.2! 30.7! 54.8! 49.2! 13.2! 20.1
2.! SesaZlebloba rom mqondes,
davexmarebodi arasamTavrobo
organizaciebs fuladi saxsrebiT!
53.3! 51.5! 37.2! 30.4! 9.6! 18.0
3.! miviRebdi monawileoba moxalised
(anazRaurebis gareSe) arasamTavrobo
organizaciis mier mowyobil
RonisZiebebSi!
38.3! 36.3! 48.6! 42.5! 13.1! 21.2
* * *
gamokiTxvam isic aCvena, rom arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mxardaWerisTvis, sxva
jgufebTan SedarebiT, ufro met mzaobas amJRavneben umaRlesi ganaTlebis mqone, 55
wlamde respondentebi, ufro metad regionebis didi qalaqebis macxovreblebi.
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daskvna
sinTezuri indikatoris mniSvnelobebi mosaxleobis SerCevisTvis
sinTezuri indikatori aigo xuTi maCveneblis safuZvelze. TiToeul maCvenebels
mieniWa wona eqspertuli Sefasebebis safuZvelze. ganxorcielda maCvenebelTa
maTematikuri formalizacia, ris Sedegadac TiToeuli maCvenebeli, saboloo jamSi,
iRebs mniSvnelobas -5 -dan +5 -mde. sinTezuri indikatori warmoadgens xuTi
maCveneblis saSualo ariTmetikuls (Sesabamisi wonebis gaTvaliswinebiT). sinTezuri
indikatoris mniSvnelobac moTavsebulia _5-dan +5 –mde.
I maCvenebeli:– moqalaqeTa informirebuloba arasamTavrobo organizaciebisa da maTi
saqmianobis Sesaxeb.
informirebuloba Sefasda kiTxvarSi mocemuli testuri SekiTxvebis safuZvelze.
kerZod:
kiTxvebi B3-B7 gulisxmobda arasamTavrobo organizaciebis saqmianobis Taviseburebebis aRmweri debulebebis SeTavazebas respondentebisTvis. maT unda
ganesazRvraT, romeli saqmianoba an niSania arasamTavrobo organizaciebis
maxasiaTebeli da romeli _ ara (am niSan-Tvisebebze zemoT ukve iyo saubari).
kiTxvebi B10 – B16 moicavda konkretuli organizaciebis (rogorc arasamTavrobo, aseve sxva iuridiul-samarTlebrivi statusis) CamonaTvals. respondents unda
ganesazRvra, CamonaTvalidan romeli miekuTvneba arasamTavrobo organizaciebs (am
sakiTxzec respondentTa poziciebi zemoT iqna gaanalizebuli).
yoveli swori pasuxisTvis respondenti iRebs +5-s, xolo yoveli araswori pasuxisTvis _
(-5 -s).
sworad da arasworad gacemuli pasuxebis Tanafardobis safuZvelze gamoiyo
respondentTa sami kategoria:
1. “informirebulebi” – am kategorias miekuTvna is respondentebi, romlebmac 12 kiTxvidan Tormetives sworad gasces pasuxi;
2. “nawilobriv (met-naklebad) informirebulebi” – am kategorias miekuTvna is respondentebi, romlebma 12 kiTxvidan 9 an 10 kiTxvaze sworad upasuxes.
3. “cudad informirebulebi” – am kategorias miekuTvna is respondentebi, romlebmac 12 kiTxvidan oTxs arasworad gasces pasuxi.
SeniSvna: amgvari kategorizaciis procesSi mxedvelobaSi iqna miRebuli SemTxveviT
sworad gacemul pasuxTa albaToba.
saboloo jamSi, 2005 wels Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebis safuZvelze,
I maCvenebeli = - 3.60.
aRsaniSnavia, rom informirebulobis maCvenebeli, 2003 welTan SedarebiT, odnav
gauaresebulia. 2003 wels Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegad I maCvenebeli = - 2.86.
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-
II maCvenebeli”: moqalaqeTa darwmunebuloba imaSi, rom arasamTavrobo organizaciebi
dadebiT rols asrulebs saqarTveloSi mimdinare procesebSi.
aRniSnuli maCvenebeli ganisazRvra adekvatur SekiTxvebze gacemuli pasuxebis
safuZvelze. dadebiTi pasuxi iRebs =+5 qulas; uaryofiTi – (-5)-s; gaurkveveli
pozicia - – 0-s.
SekiTxva A4: rogor afasebT arasamTavrobo seqtoris saqmianobas saqarTveloSi? – mocemul kiTxvaze pasuxebis qulebi Semdegnairad gadanawilda (ix. cxrili #40):
cxrili #40 ! arasamTavrobo seqtoris saqmianobis Sefaseba! qula
1.! dadebiTi! 5
2.! ufro dadebiTi, vidre uaryofiTi! 2.5
3.! ufro uaryofiTi, vidre dadebiTi! -2.5
4.! uaryofiTi! -5
5.! miWirs pasuxis gacema! 0
SekiTxva C1: ramdenad axdens gavlenas arasamTavrobo seqtori saqarTveloSi mimdinare procesebze? – mocemul kiTxvaze pasuxebis qulebi analogiuri wesiT
ganawilda (ix. cxrili #41):
cxrili #41 ! arasamTavrobo seqtoris gavlena mimdinare procesebze! qula
1.! mniSvnelovani! 5
2.! met-naklebad mniSvnelovani! 2.5
3.! mcire! -2.5
4.! gavlenis armqone! -5
5.! miWirs pasuxis gacema! 0
SekiTxvebi C33 – C38: mocemuli cvladebi gulisxmobda arasamTavrobo seqtoris saqmianobis sxvadasxva aspeqtis Semfasebel dadebiT da uaryofiT debulebebs Soris
arCevanis gakeTebas respondentis mier (es SekiTxvebi zemoT detalurad iqna
ganxiluli).
debulebebi exeboda:
1. arasamTavrobo organizaciebis rolis Sefasebas qveynis demokratizaciis procesSi
2. arasamTavrobo organizaciebis rolis Sefasebas moqalaqeTa saxelmwifos Zaladobisgan dacvis procesSi
3. arasamTavrobo organizaciebis rolis Sefasebas korufciasTan brZolis procesSi
4. arasamTavrobo organizaciebis rolis Sefasebas progresuli RirebulebiTi orientaciis Campoyalibebis procesSi
5. arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mier fuladi saxsrebis miznobrivad xarjvis Sefasebas.
2005 wels Catarebuli kvlevis safuZvelze: II maCvenebeli = 1.06
aRniSnuli maCvenebeli gaumjobesebulia 2003 welTan SedarebiT. 2003 wels II
maCvenebeli = =0.66.
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III maCvenebeli: moqalaqeTa darwmunebulobis xarisxi imaSi, rom arasamTavrobo
organizaciebi sazogadoebas sasargeblo momsaxurebas awvdis.
aRniSnuli maCvenebeli gamoiTvala D2 SekiTxvis (rogor afasebT arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mier gaweul momsaxurebas?) safuZvelze. pasuxebisTvis qulebis
miniWebis wesi ar Secvlila (ix. cxrili #42):
cxrili #42
! arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mier gaweuli momsaxurebis
Sefaseba!
qula
1.! dadebiTi! 5
2.! ufro dadebiTi, vidre uaryofiTi! 2.5
3.! ufro uaryofiTi, vidre dadebiTi! -2.5
4.! uaryofiTi! -5
5.! miWirs pasuxis gacema! 0
2005 wels Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebis safuZvelze: III maCvenebeli = 3.10.
aRniSnuli maCvenebliTac arasamTavrobo organizaciebis Sefaseba gaumjobesebulia:
analogiuri maCvenebeli 2003 wlisTvis == 2.80.
IV maCvenebeli: moqalaqeTa survili iTanamSromlon arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan.
maCvenebeli ganisazRvra ori SekiTxvis safuZvelze:
SekiTxva D8: “gaqvT Tu ara survili iTanamSromloT arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan?”
im pasuxebs, romlebic gamoxatavs arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan TanamSromlobis
survils, mieniWa 5 qula; imaT, vinc ar gamoxatavs TanamSromlobis survils _ (-5)
qula.
SekiTxva D11: “Tu anazRaureba iqneboda Tanabari, sad isurvebdiT muSaobas?” im pasuxebs, romlebic gamoxatavs arasamTavrobo organizaciaSi muSaobis survils,
mieniWa 5 qula, yvela danarCen pasuxs mieniWa (-5) qula.
2005 wels Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebis safuZvelze: IV maCvenebeli = - 0. 03.
aRniSnuli maCvenebeli gaumjobesebulia 2003 welTan SedarebiT = (- 0.04).
V maCvenebeli: moqalaqeTa realuri monawileobis xarisxi arasamTavrobo
organizaciebis saqmianobaSi.
mocemuli maCvenebeli ganisazRvra D3 SekiTxvis safuZvelze: “giTanamSromliaT Tu ara arasamTavrobo organizaciasTan?”
Sesabamisad, im respondentebs, visac uTanamSromlia arasamTavrobo organizaciasTan
mieniWaT 5 qula, visac ar uTanamSromlia _ (-5) qula.
2005 wels Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebis safuZvelze: V maCvenebeli = - 4.21
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mocemuli maCvenebelic odnav gaumjobesebulia 2003 wlis monacemebTan SedarebiT=(-
4.42).
Sejamebuli da sistemuri saxiT ori kvlevis Sedegebi Semdegnairad warmogvidgeba
(ix. cxrili #43):
cxrili #43
! I
maCvenebe
li!
II
maCvenebel
i!
III
maCvenebel
i!
IV
maCvenebel
i!
V
maCvenebel
i!
sinTezuri
maCvenebe
li ! 2003! 2005! 2003! 2005! 2003! 2005! 2003! 2005! 2003! 2005! 2003! 2005 ! -2.86! -3.60! 0.66! 1.06! 2.80! 3.10! -0.04! -0.03! -4.42! -4.21! -0.77! -0.74
wona
(%)!
40! 25! 20! 10! 5!
Sewoni
li!
-1.15! -1.44! 0.16! 0.26! 0.56! 0.62! -0.004! -0.003! -0.22! -0.21! -0.65! -0.77
amrigad, rogorc cxrilidan Cans, 2005 wels Catarebulma kvlevam gamoavlina xuTi
maCveneblidan OoTxis gaumjobesebuli maCvenebeli, rac gamovlinda kidec Seuwonavi
saxiT ori sinTezuri indikatoris Sedarebisas (2003w.: -0.77; 2005w.: -0.74). es mianiSnebs,
rom Seuwonavi saxiT, 2005 wlis monacemebis Tanaxmad, arasamTavrobo organizaciebis
mimarT mosaxleobis damokidebuleba odnav gaumjobesda. Tumca, imis gamo, rom
eqspertebma informirebulobis maCvenebels yvelaze didi mniSvneloba mianiWes,
Sewonilma sinTezurma indikatorma, 2003 wels Catarebuli kvleviT, ukeTesi
maCvenebeli miiRo.
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moqalaqeTa darwmunebuloba imaSi, rom arasamTavrobo organizacmoqalaqeTa darwmunebulobis xarisxi imaSi, rom arasamTavrobo moqalaqeTa survili, iTanamSromlon arasamTavrobo organizacieb