Arab-Israeli Conflict Arab-Israeli Conflict

I. Palestine & IsraelI. Palestine & Israel

Jewish view: claim to land 3,000 yrs. AgoJewish view: claim to land 3,000 yrs. AgoFamine led to Diaspora Famine led to Diaspora

Zionist Movement: an international political Zionist Movement: an international political movement that supported a homeland for movement that supported a homeland for the Jewish people (late 19the Jewish people (late 19thth cent.) cent.)

Palestine became a British mandate Palestine became a British mandate following WWI. following WWI. 1922: Balfour Declaration1922: Balfour Declaration

Arabs rioted as Jews immigrated Arabs rioted as Jews immigrated 1939: Brit. shut off Jewish immigration (WWII)1939: Brit. shut off Jewish immigration (WWII)

Palestinian Jews turned to terrorism Palestinian Jews turned to terrorism 1946: Israel was a war zone 1946: Israel was a war zone 1947: Brit. backed out of governance of Israel 1947: Brit. backed out of governance of Israel

UN took over – formed partition betw. Jews & Arabs UN took over – formed partition betw. Jews & Arabs – Truman endorsed – Truman endorsed

1948:1948: Israel officially became a country Israel officially became a country Arabs launched an attack on IsraelArabs launched an attack on Israel Israel fought off invasion (U.S.)Israel fought off invasion (U.S.)Other wars: 1956, 1967, & 1973Other wars: 1956, 1967, & 1973

Israel won each warIsrael won each war

Gaza Strip, West Bank, & Golan Heights:Gaza Strip, West Bank, & Golan Heights: Intended as living space for PalestiniansIntended as living space for PalestiniansOccupied by Israel Occupied by Israel

1967 (the Six Day War)-Israel defeated 1967 (the Six Day War)-Israel defeated Egypt, Syria, Jordan, & IraqEgypt, Syria, Jordan, & IraqReclaimed the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and Reclaimed the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and

the Sinai Peninsulathe Sinai PeninsulaSinai Peninsula was returned to Egypt 1982Sinai Peninsula was returned to Egypt 1982

-1964: Palestinian Liberation Organization(PLO) -1964: Palestinian Liberation Organization(PLO) --Yasir Arafat (leader)--Yasir Arafat (leader)

--Fatah Party (1958)--Fatah Party (1958)

*Goal of PLO & Fatah: complete liberation of *Goal of PLO & Fatah: complete liberation of Palestine, and eradication of Zionist economic, Palestine, and eradication of Zionist economic, political, military and cultural existencepolitical, military and cultural existenceSeen as terroristsSeen as terrorists

1993: Israel & PLO signed a Declaration of 1993: Israel & PLO signed a Declaration of Principles (Oslo Accords):Principles (Oslo Accords):First time Palestinians recognized Israel’s First time Palestinians recognized Israel’s

right to exist right to exist Provided for Palestinian self-govt. in two Provided for Palestinian self-govt. in two

places (Gaza & parts of West Bank)places (Gaza & parts of West Bank)Activists from both sides criticized this accordActivists from both sides criticized this accord

1994: Violence broke out1994: Violence broke outAn Israeli killed 29 Muslims in West BankAn Israeli killed 29 Muslims in West BankPalestinians responded with suicide bombingsPalestinians responded with suicide bombingsHamas: an Islamist group said war until an Hamas: an Islamist group said war until an

independent Palestine was createdindependent Palestine was created

2000: an 2000: an intifadaintifada (uprising) began by (uprising) began by Palestinians Palestinians followed Camp David Summit (failed after 9 days) followed Camp David Summit (failed after 9 days) The Arab leader who would surrender Jerusalem is The Arab leader who would surrender Jerusalem is

not born yet. not born yet. (Arafat)(Arafat)

2001: Ariel Sharon (Israeli PM)– accused 2001: Ariel Sharon (Israeli PM)– accused Arafat of terrorism Arafat of terrorism Jan. 2006: incapacitatedJan. 2006: incapacitatedBenjamin Netanyahu (PM of Israel)Benjamin Netanyahu (PM of Israel)

2004: Yasir Arafat died2004: Yasir Arafat diedMamoud Abbas—current PLO leaderMamoud Abbas—current PLO leader

Denounced violence Denounced violence

2004: Israel began building a concrete 2004: Israel began building a concrete barrier around Jerusalem (protection barrier around Jerusalem (protection against Palestinian suicide bombers)against Palestinian suicide bombers)

2006: Hamas won Palestinian election2006: Hamas won Palestinian electionBeat the Fatah Party Beat the Fatah Party Hamas: Islamist partyHamas: Islamist party

Does not recognize Does not recognize

Israel Israel

Israeli & Palestinian leaders called for a Israeli & Palestinian leaders called for a return to the “road map,” a US sponsored return to the “road map,” a US sponsored peace plan to create a Palestinian state.peace plan to create a Palestinian state.