Arab-Americans
description
Transcript of Arab-Americans
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Arab-Americans
Samantha LombardKaterina PappasAnna Massefski
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When did the first wave of Arabs come to the US? Why did they come?
1857 – 1920 Left behind food shortages,
stagnant economies, as well as political and religious repression – Ottoman Empire
Attracted to educational opportunities; colleges and universities
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Where did they go?Birmingham, AlabamaBoston, MassachusettsBrooklyn, New YorkDetroit, MichiganJacksonville, Florida
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What type of work did the Arab-Americans do upon coming to the US?
Stitchers, cutters, pressersAvoided factory working and
instead opened up neighborhood retail stores, grocery stores, confectionary shops, bakeries, coffee houses, and dry goods stores
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What were the differences in Arab immigration from 1920-1960?The first wave in 1920economic
competition from Japan forced poor, uneducated Arabs to come to the US
During early 1900s, 95,000 Greater Syrians came◦By 1924, about 200,000 Arabs had
immigratedThen the US passed anti-
immigration lawsThe stream of immigrants slowed
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What were the differences in Arab immigration from 1920-1960? cont.When the Immigration Act was
repealed in 1940, the numbers increased
The second wave was mainly students seeking to avoid the conflicts in the Middle East◦More financially secure than the first
wave◦More Muslims
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What was the Eugenics attitude toward Arabs?The 1924 Immigration Act limited
the number of immigrants from the Middle East to 400 a year◦Over 50,000 German immigrants
were coming in at this point◦Indicates that Eugenics disliked
ArabsJoseph Howar, an Arab
immigrant, was told by fellow passengers to change his name before reaching America
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“No immigration officer,” they told him, “would allow a Muslim to enter the United States.”
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What was the social reception for Arab immigrants?Immigrants came over
uneducated, not knowing English or America’s customs◦There were no consuls to help them
Many became peddlers (travelling salesmen)
People trying to end immigration succeeded in slowing down immigration ◦They claimed that Arabs were:
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“Un-American, had cultures that did not fit with American culture, were more likely to be criminal and poor, and did not understand the American political system.”
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Can they practice their religion freely?Official policy is freedom of
religion, but since 9/11, and even before, Muslims have had stereotypes and discrimination against them
Americans misunderstand many Muslim customs◦Head coverings of women
Some say they denigrate women The reality is that they are supposed to
free them
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Can they practice their religion freely? cont.Muslim children stand out for
being different◦Islam forbids hanging out at malls
and dating, so not doing these normal teenage activities makes Muslims conspicuous
◦Sticking out in high school is always dangerous, and add the impact of 9/11 to that; Muslim children are sometimes bullied and pressured by their peers
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“Most Muslims either accept the restrictions or stop practicing Islam.”
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What are examples of institutionalized discrimination?Airport security racial profilingPatriot Act Not specifically
against Arabs, but ends up being that way
Popular movies, such a Aladdin contain stereotypes and generalizations about Arabs
Sometimes these biases infect schools and teachers, too◦Some teachers are openly hostile
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“Your people are enemies of the United States.”
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Malal Omar remembers: We were both good starters. But we didn’t wear the usual basketball shorts and short sleeves that the other players wore when we played…When we went out on the court, [the coach] said, ‘Come to the sidelines, what are you doing there?’ At first he didn’t play us.”
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Where do Arab-Americans primarily live in the US now?
• Urban areas• Currently live in all fifty states • 1/3 of Arab-Americans live in
California, Michigan, and New York• 1/3 live in Illinois, Maryland,
Massachusetts, New Jersey, Ohio, Texas, and Virginia
• Highest populated Arab-American cities are Los Angeles, Detroit, Manhattan, Chicago, and Washington DC
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After 9/11 what social challenges did Arab-Americans face?
• Many Muslims are afraid of being harassed, hurt, and discriminated against because they share the religion of Islam with terrorist organizations led by Osama bin Laden
• 56% of Muslims think most other Muslims want to adopt the American way of life; 33% of the general public agrees
• Kicked off airplanes because of how they look
• Mosques, places of worship have been vandalized around the world
• After hate crimes spiked in the months following 9/11, they’ve dropped by thirty-one percent from 2002 through 2009
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Attractions in America-Seeking opportunity, like many groups of people who have immigrated to America
First Generation of Arab Immigration:-Japanese competition hurt Lebanese silk market
-Widespread disease was negatively affecting Lebanese vineyards
Second Generation of Arabs Immigration: -Many were looking for an escape out of the Arab-Israeli conflict
-Civil War in Middle East negatively affecting many
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Have Arabs Assimilated? Which aspects of their culture have they held onto? Which have they let go of?
-Many Arabs feel pressure just as many other minority groups in America do to assimilate, however there are many aspects of the culture that are still held onto by many.
-Often a younger generation of Arabs can feel the most pressure, as many are surrounded in school environments by others dissimilar to them.
-Many Arab Americans are conflicted with assimilation because there are many aspects of the Muslim religion as well as Arab culture that oppose some aspects of American culture.
-Many are torn about religious headpieces, as some want to keep religious pride and others want to assimilate as much as possible into American society.
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Yasmin Hai- An Arab American teenager who had grown up in England
“I was struck, when I visited Pakistan, by the confidence of the people, who seemed comfortable in their own skins in a way that my friends and I were not”
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Legacy
-Yassser Seirawan became the United States’ Women’s National Chess Champion. -Doctor Ellias Ghanem, was the chairman of the Nevada Athletic Commission and Las Vegas’ physician to many celebrities.
-Many Arab Americans have had a lasting mark on and have influenced American society.
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