KRÜ

Ap

Ind

Au

Da

Me

Key

De

Int

Thesplenepre

Intdew/oto

ÜSS GmbH | Bo

plication repo

dustry section

thor:

te:

ethod:

ywords:

evelopm

terfacial rh

e process of it these emulergy requiredessure variatio

erfacial rheomulsifiers foro emulsion wa lower salini

orsteler Chausse

ort: AR27

n: Oil re

IK, DF

07/20

Interf

ment of cu

heological m

secondary alsions, thus end for processions when tran

logical measr use in practwhen using de

ty of the oil a

ee 85 | 22453 H

A

6

ecovery

F, RM, TW, MK

015

facial rheolog

ustomize

measurem

nd tertiary onabling dewaing crude oil,nsporting oil

urements ustice. This metemulsifiers. Thand a reductio

Hamburg | Germ

pplica

K

y, water-in-o

ed demu

ents on cru

il recovery leatering and de to avoid corthrough pipe

ing the oscilthod predictshe optimized on in pump p

many | www.kr

ation

oil emulsions,

lsifiers

ude oil em

eads to the foesalination ofrrosion probleelines

llating drop s the structur demulsifier w

pressure.

russ.de

Repo

demulsifier, c

mulsions

ormation of wf the crude oiems during p

method werral mechanicawas tested in

ort

D

crude oil proc

water-in-oil (l. Dewatering

preparation fo

e carried outal stability anpractice in cr

Drop Shape An

cessing, corro

(w/o) emulsiog is necessaryor the refinery

t in order tod therefore trude oil drillin

1 | 5

alyzer – DSA3

osion

ons. Demulsify in order to sy, and to red

o select suitathe decay of ng fields and

30R

fiers save uce

able the led

KRÜ

BaThewamapro

1) andthethe

2) chlpro

Aspconstamefilmstothesta

Deoccoil dew

Theadaoil invopwhof

To anaIf tonenvdetimintandexp

Therhein deexpdeopdescom

ÜSS GmbH | Bo

ackground e oil producter-in-oil (w/

ajor disadvanocess.

(w/o) emulsid their transpe refinery) dee energy requ

The dispersoride-contain

oblems during

phaltenes prntribution to

abilize w/o emesh at the oms have a vorage moduluerefore focusability.

mulsifiers arecur due to th

production.watering and

e choice of apted to suit

and to whvolved. As timization o

hich, dependindemulsifiers u

achieve indialyzed in the his is satisfacce based onvironment, i.emulsifiers in t

me-consumingerfacial rheold optimizinperiments.

e following eology and shreal crude omulsifier (OUperiment is cmulsifier (Prtimized demusalination anmpared with

orsteler Chausse

ction process/o) emulsionsntages in th

ions are morportation (e.gmands high

uirement and

sed phase ning brine g preparation

resent in cru stabilizing s

mulsions as til-water phas

visco-elastic us (= moduses on the e

e used in ordhe formation These split desalination

a suitable dthe globally v

hether onsha consequ

of the demung on the pricuneconomic.

vidual matchlaboratory u

ctory, it is suffn more extene. at the oilfiethe reservoir g and cosogy is a suitang demulsi

explains the hows how to

oilfields from U-1 + CAPBcompared wralt-11A). Heulsifier leads nd to a redPralt-11A.

ee 85 | 22453 H

s leads to ths. These havehe subseque

re viscous thg. from the prpump poweradversely aff

of the (w/owhich cau

n for the refin

ude oil maksuch emulsiohey form a “se boundarycharacter anlus of elasticffect of asph

der to avoid of (w/o) em

t the emuls of the crude

demulsifier svarying compore or offshuence of ulsifier systemce of oil, ofte

hing, demulsising small saficient to checnsive investigeld. Exclusivewould be co

st-intensive. able method ifier system

methodologo arrive at the

the model eB) optimizedith an estabere, it is shto improved

duction in p

Hamburg | Germ

he formatione essentially tnt oil recov

han the oil itroduction sites which increfect pump life

o) emulsionsuses corrosery.

ke a significons. Asphalte“hard” molecu. Such interf

nd have a hcity). This stuhaltenes on f

problems whulsions in cruions and moil possible [

ystem must position of cruhore drillingthis, extensm is necessn makes the

fiers are initiample quantitck the result jations in a r optimizationnsiderably mIn this ca

for investigatms in mo

gy of interfae optimal resexperiment. T in the molished industhown that dewatering a

pump pressu

many | www.kr

n of two very

tself e to ease e.

s is sion

cant enes ular face high udy film

hich ude ake [1].

be ude

g is sive sary use

ially ties. just real n of

more ase, ting odel

acial ults The

odel trial the and ures

Ex

IntosMedrodeintvarcaldetenextFoenanpri

FigelameThe(shforshoosc

Thfrodroten

Thmode

russ.de

xperimenta

terfacial rhecillating droeasurement oop is simultatermining derface [2, 3].ried periodiclculated as atected drop pnsion in resptent sensitiver this reasoables a judgmd strength nciple is show

g. 1: Schematicastic propertiesethod. The proe volume is va

hown by the rer the interfaciaown on the rigcillation period

e complex viom the changop surface ansion (∆σ):

e visco-elastiodulus E’ antermined pha

l part

eological meop method of the dynamianeously osc

dilative rheo Here, the voally and the function of

profile. The conse to the de to demulsifn, investigatment to be mof an interfwn in Fig. 1.

c diagram of ths of interfaces

ofile of a pendaried periodicaed lines). The sl tension (∆σ)

ght along withd (2π/ω).

sco-elastic mge in drop sarea (A0) and

∗

∆

c modulus cand loss modase shift φ:

|

′′ |

easurement

ic interfacial tcillated formological provolume of a p

resulting intime based

characteristic drop oscillatifiers at the lion of the

made regardifacial layer.

he measuremes using the oscant drop is shally at constansinusoidal cha and the surfa

h the phase sh

modulus E* casurface area d the chang

∆∆ /

an be divided dulus E” by

∗| cos ∗| sin

2 | 5

ts using the

tension while s the basis perties of pendant dropterfacial tenson the opticof the interfaion is to a grliquid bounddrop oscillatng the thicknThe measur

ent of visco-cillating drop hown on the lent amplitude racteristic curv

ace area (∆A) aift (φ) and the

an be calcula(∆A), the m

ge in interfa

into the stormeans of

e

the for the

p is sion cally acial reat ary. tion ness ring

eft.

ves are e

ated ean

acial

age the

KRÜ

InsTheinvinc(Osdiffcruthephaqusuboscdrodro

Tabnam

O

CA

A

O

O

CT

O

Re

RhAll outtheUn

In adsdisheltwoconsai

Theaspasppe

ÜSS GmbH | Bo

strumentatie rheologica

vestigated wicorporating thscillating Droferent conce

ude oil were ue model oil pase. Various ueous phasebstances invecillation with op oscillationop surface are

ble 1: Abbreviame.

Abbreviation

APB

APB

B

APDAO

APTAC

TAC

U-1

esults

heological pexperiments

t, obtained aesis by Mingaiversity, Russ

a first step, tsorption filmsssolved in tolulp of interfacio parametencentration id adsorption

e change in iphaltene-toluphaltene conndant drop m

orsteler Chausse

on and saml properties ith the Drophe additional

op Module, Oentrations of used as the mphase were f

demulsifierse at a lat

estigated are a period of

n. During theea was ∆

ations of the s

Oleyl amid

Cocamido

Alkyl betai

Oleyl amidoxide

Oleyl amidchloride

Cetyltrime

Oligoureth

properties os and resultsand publisheazov (Kazan ia) [1].

the conditions at the interfuene and watial rheologicars were ofn the solutiofilms.

interfacial tenuene solutionncentrations method (Fig. 2

ee 85 | 22453 H

mples of different

p Shape Anl interfacial rh

ODM). Toluenasphaltenes

model oil phaformed in ths were also ter stage. Tgiven in Tabl5 seconds w

e oscillation, / = 10 – 15

substances use

Name of sub

do propyl betain

propyl betaine

ine

do propyl dodec

do propyl trimet

ethylammonium

hane

f interface fs shown beloed as part oNational Res

s for the formface between ter were invesal measuremef interest: on and the ti

nsion with rens and watewas investig

2).

Hamburg | Germ

interfaces walyzer – DSA heology mode solutions wextracted fr

ase. [1]. Dropse bulk aqueo

added to The demulsie 1. A sinuso

was used for the variation

5% [4].

ed and their fu

bstance

ne

cyl dimethylami

thyl ammonium

chloride

films ow were carrof the doctorsearch Techn

mation of stathe asphalte

stigated with ents. In doingthe asphalteme to form

spect to timeer for differ

gated using

many | www.kr

were 30

dule with rom s of ous the ifier idal the

n in

ull

ne

m

ried rate

nical

able enes

the so, ene the

e of rent the

Figtolcon

Fowitcoeqtencomicritwit

Figinv

Thaspto adsenaspco

Figresinv

russ.de

g. 2: Variation wuene solutionncentrations.

r all concentth time and nstant equiuilibrium vansions was ncentrations nimum at ctical micelle th the aggreg

g. 3: Isotherm ovestigated asp

e storage mphaltene concCMC [4). As ding demulsinsitive at thisphaltene sncentrations

g. 4 shows thspect to timevestigated.

with respect tos and water fo

trations, the after 15 m

librium valualues, an iso

plotted ag(Fig. 3). The = 2.44 g/L, wconcentratio

gation of asph

of the equilibrhaltene solutio

modulus of centration hachanges in thfier substancs concentratiolutions wcorrespondin

he variation oe for the diff

o time of interor different as

interfacial teinutes all cu

ue. From totherm for

gainst differ isotherm obwhich, in a

on (CMC), cahaltenes in so

rium interfaciaons.

the interfacas a maximumhe interfacial ces can be shon, further in

were carrieng to the CMC

of the storagferent demuls

3 | 5

rfacial tensionphaltene

ension decreaurves tend tohe determi

the interfarent asphaltbtained show

similar wayn be associa

olution.

al tensions for

ial film for m in a similar w

rheology duehown to be mnvestigations

ed out wC.

ge modulus wsifier substan

of

ases o a ned

acial ene

ws a y to ated

the

an way e to

most on

with

with nces

KRÜ

Anwitthestruntdiffaquwitchaolig

FigbetploA) bas

ÜSS GmbH | Bo

adsorption thin 20 minute further couucturing of til the storagferent demuueous phase,th respect to aracteristic fogourethane-b

. 4: Variation itween the asp

otted against tIonic demulsifsed mixed syst

orsteler Chausse

layer consites (initial incrse of the inthe asphalte

ge modulus hulsifier subst and the variatime was inv

or ionic dembased mixed s

in storage mophaltenes dissotime for the fofiers; B) Oligoutems.

ee 85 | 22453 H

sting of asprease in stora

nvestigation (ene adsorptiohas stabilizedances were ation of the svestigated. Fiulsifiers and systems.

dulus of the inolved in toluenollowing demuurethane OU-1

Hamburg | Germ

phaltenes forage modulus)up to 100 mon layer occ. After 100 madded to

storage modug. 4A shows Fig. 4B that

nterfacial film ne and water ulsifier systems1 demulsifier-

many | www.kr

rms ). In

min), curs min, the

ulus the for

s:

Thsys4AIondecocauareOUmomeem

Thopinv

CoTh(Oexpstropa f

Figopde

russ.de

e introductiostem leads to

A). Here, OAPBnic surfactamulsifiers fontrast to thisuse a reductie highly suitU-1 + CAPB odulus. This echanical stre

mulsion.

e system Optimum demvestigations.

omparison oe mixture oU-1 + CAPBperiments thuctural mech

ptimized demield trial.

g. 5: Pressure intimized demumulsifier.

on of ionic o an increase B leads to thents are th

or the syste, the oligoureion in the stoable as demshows the locorrelates

ength and lea

OU-1 + CAPulsifier from

of two demuf oligouretha

B) optimized herefore leadhanical strenulsifier system

ncreases measlsifier system

surfactants in the storag

e greatest meherefore noem under iethane-basedorage modul

mulsifiers. Theowest value with the lo

ads to the de

PB therefore m the series

ulsifiers in fanes and io as a resultds to a re

ngth of the m was subseq

sured at the pcompared wit

4 | 5

into the moge modulus (easured increaot suitable nvestigation.d mixed systeus (Fig. 4B) ae mixed systfor the stor

owest structecay of the (w

represents of prelimin

field trials onic demulsift of preliminduction in emulsions. T

quently tested

umps using thth the referenc

odel (Fig. ase.

as In

ems and tem age ural

w/o)

the nary

fiers nary the

This d in

he ce

KRÜ

Figm%demmebo

Thein trareddepro(Figthede

SuThestraspusidetexpthedetsysredeffprapuin tsysdriwarhepro

ÜSS GmbH | Bo

. 6: Residual w%) and residuamulsifier systeeasured at 3 direholes.

e system OUcrude oil

nsporting theduced compamulsifier (Praoduct obtaineg. 6). In this we overall crudmulsifier use

ummary e effect of uctural mphaltene/tolung the oscillatermined fperiments enae stability of termine the stem OU-1 +duction in stects on pumpactice. The smp pressuresthe crude oil stem which halling fields. Thy of example

eological anaocesses in the

orsteler Chausse

water content al saline conteem and for theifferent, spatia

-1 + CAPB wreservoirs.

e oil was lowared with anlt-11A) (Fig. 5ed had a lowway, it was thde oil producfrom a simpl

different dmechanical ene-water iating drop mfrom theseables a concl(w/o) emuls

optimum de+ CAPB, whiorage modup pressure anelected dems and a reduc compared wad previouslyhe data presee how simple alyses are se crude oil ind

ee 85 | 22453 H

(specified in mnt for the opti

e reference deally separate c

was used succThe pump

wered and pren industrially5). Furthermower water andherefore possction processe model expe

demulsifier systrength

interface wamethod. The se interfaciausion to be dsions and waemulsifier sysich resulted lus, was cho

nd water and ulsifier systeced water an

with the referey been used inented here th

and cost-effuitable for odustry.

Hamburg | Germ

mass percent imized mulsifier rude oil

cessfully direp pressure essure variatioy used standore, the cruded saline contsible to optims with regarderiment.

ystems on of

as investigastorage modual rheolog

drawn relatingas used heretem. The mixin the great

osen to test saline contenm led to lowd saline contence demulsin these crudeerefore showective interfaoptimizing fi

many | www.kr

ctly for

ons dard e oil tent

mize d to

the the

ated ulus gical g to e to xed test the

nt in wer tent ifier e oil w by acial ield

Bi[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

russ.de

bliography R. Mingazo

oil emulsionogenic thesis, Kaz(Russia), 20

G. Loglio, Innocenti, fluid interegime 2. 63.

F. ThomseDehnübun

D. M. SztukAsphaltene2005, 21, 1

y ov, Compositsions based

surface acan National R012.

R. Miller, AR. Cini, No

erfaces: apeExperiments,

n, KRÜSS Agen für Tropf

kowski, H. We-Toluene/Wa11651.

tions for destd on oligoctive substanResearch Tec

A. Stortini, U.n-equilibriumeriodic diff, Colloid Surf

Application fen, 2005.

W. Yarranton,ater Interfa

5 | 5

troying waterourethanes ances, doctorhnical Univer

. Tesei, N. Dm properties fusion-controface A 1995,

Report AR 2

Rheology aces, Langm

-in-and rate rsity

egli of

lled 95,

246:

of muir