Aquatic Invasive Species in Wisconsin Name Location Date.
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Transcript of Aquatic Invasive Species in Wisconsin Name Location Date.
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Aquatic Invasive Species in Wisconsin
NameLocationDate
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Wisconsin Lakes Partnership
Science
Citizens
Education
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Main Topics Our problem - aquatic invasive hitchhikers
Species Profiles - more info on a few species causing the problem
What Wisconsin is doing about the problem
AIS Grants
Laws & Regulations on AIS
Resources—where to go for more information
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What are Invasive Species?
Non-native species that can “take over”
Not all non-native species are invasive
Successful because: No natural predators, parasites, etc. Native species can’t hide, compete, or fight back Often aggressive, prolific, and mature early
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How do they get here?
Shipping - ballast water Intentional introduction - stocking Canals - migration from the ocean Nursery industry Anglers/Bait industry Aquaculture Aquarium trade
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How do they spread?
Boaters Anglers Other water users (sea
planes, SCUBA, etc) Water garden &
aquarium owners Natural dispersal
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Why do we care? Economic impacts
Sport and commercial fishing Tourism Water users & property owners
Ecological Native fish, invertebrates, plants impacted
Recreational impacts Boating Angling
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Zebra Mussels Ballast water introduction to the
Great Lakes in 1980’s
Present in 118 WI inland lakes (Dec 2008)
Attach to any hard surface - may reach tens of thousands per square meter!
Are microscopic in early life stages
Female can produce 1 million eggs/season
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Zebra Mussel Distribution
[Insert specific numbers for county here.]
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Quagga Mussels Found in all Great Lakes but
Superior
Ballast water introduction
Can survive wide range of temp. & oxygen levels
Can live directly on mud and sand
Commonly found at 100 feet and deeper
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Quagga vs. Zebra Mussels
More effective filter feeders
Thrive at greater depth and cooler temps
May out-compete ZM
Zebra
Quagga
Quagga - rounder sides & convex underside
ZM - triangular shape & flat underside
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Eurasian Water-milfoil First found in WI in
1960s
Currently found in 467 WI lakes (Dec. 2008)
Forms dense mats - interferes with water recreation
Can spread from small fragments
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Eurasian Water-milfoil Distribution
[Insert specific numbers for county here.]
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Purple Loosestrife Imported from Europe for
gardens (late 1800s), also seeds in ballast water
Crowds out native wetland species
Spreads rapidly: >1 million seeds annually, plus vegetative spread
Linda Wilson, University of Idaho, Bugwood.org
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Purple LoosestrifeDistribution
Purple loosestrife is now found in every county in WI.
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Rusty Crayfish Brought to WI as bait
1960’s
In 445 inland lakes and streams (Dec. 2008)
Severely reduce aquatic vegetation, impacting spawning
Aggressive; compete with native crayfish and fish for cover and food[Insert specific numbers
for county here.]
ID tip: Dark, rusty spot on each side of carapace.
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Rusty CrayfishDistribution
[Insert specific numbers for county here.]
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Curly-leaf Pondweed Accidentally introduced as
aquarium plant (1880s)
Fairly widespread – in 277 water bodies (Dec. 2008)
Active very early in growing season – even under ice
Can form dense mats, interfering with recreation and native plants
Chris Evans, River to River CWMA, Bugwood.org
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Curly-leaf PondweedDistribution
[Insert specific numbers for county here.]
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Spiny & Fishhook Waterfleas
Ballast water introduction to Great Lakes in 1980s
Found in two inland WI lakes—Gile Flowage (Iron Co.) & Stormy Lake (Vilas Co.)
Disrupt food chain & harm native fish
Foul fishing gear—form gummy clumps
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Documented in Lake Winnebago, Lake Michigan, & Green Bay
Can kill more than 25 fish species
No danger to humans
Introduced by ballast water or migrating fish - ?
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia
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Transmission:
Virus shed in urine & reproductive fluids
Virus particles infect the gills and then move to internal organs, muscles, and skin
Transmission also occurs when a fish eats an infected fish
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia
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The Disease:
Start shedding virus 2 days after infected
Antibodies can be developed by fish
Fish may or may not show clinical signs of virus
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia
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Clinical signs: pop-eye, anemia, swollen internal organs - usually fatal
Most infected fish die at 37-41 °F, but rarely above 59 °F
Stress is important (spawning and handling)
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia
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VHS Distribution (as of Oct. 2007)
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Rules and Regulations: Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia
May not move live fish or fish eggs from affected waters EXCEPT for minnows purchased from WI bait dealer
Must drain all water from boats and equipment; can transport live minnows in 2 gal. water
May use dead fish or fish eggs for bait in some instances
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Many More in Wisconsin…
Round Goby
Ruffe
Rainbow Smelt
Mystery Snails
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And Many More on the Way…
A few future threats:
New Zealand mud snail
Northern Snakehead
Asian carp Photo: John Lyons
Water hyacinth
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Wisconsin’s Aquatic Invasive Species
Program Education & Outreach
Statewide coordination Publications & boat launch signs Displays & presentations Media
Contact: Julia Solomon608-267-3531Christal Campbell608-266-0061
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Watercraft Inspection DNR inspection program places
staff at high-traffic boat landings
‘Clean Boats, Clean Waters’ trains volunteers to monitor landings and educate boaters
Contact: Erin Henegar 715-346-4978
Wisconsin’s Aquatic Invasive Species
Program
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Volunteer Monitoring Volunteers collect data on
lake health including aquatic invasives
Data used to map extent of spread for species
Contact: Laura Herman715-365-8998
Wisconsin’s Aquatic Invasive Species
Program
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Purple Loosestrife Biological Control Volunteers help raise &
release beetles Beetles available for free
—great school or family project
Contact: Brock Woods 608-221-6349
Galerucella calmariensis
Wisconsin’s Aquatic Invasive Species
Program
Paul Skawinski
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AIS Grants $4.3 million available each year
State funds up to 75% of project
Local governments no longer given priority
Match includes cash, volunteer time, services, etc.
Funds provided as reimbursement
Wisconsin’s Aquatic Invasive Species Program
Contact: Regional Lake Coordinator [insert name & phone number]
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Aquatic Invasive Species Grants
Three grant categories Education, Prevention & Planning Early Detection & Rapid Response Control of Established Infestations
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Education, Prevention & Planning
Deadlines February 1 & August 1
Up to $200,000
Example projects: Watercraft inspections Surveys and monitoring Prevention and control plans Outreach efforts Studies and assessments
Goal is to prevent spread of AIS
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Early Detection & Rapid Response
Rolling applications—no deadline
Up to $20,000
New pioneer stands
Coordination with DNR required—permits needed for chemical treatment
Goal is containment
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Controlling Established Infestations
Deadlines February 1 and August 1 Up to $200,000 Management of non-pioneer populations Must be part of DNR-approved plan Goal is long-term population reduction
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AIS Grant Tips
Good… Multiple-lake benefit Ecological improvement Long-term focus Community support
Bad… Short-term nuisance control Routine maintenance Dredging
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Research UW Madison Center for
Limnology developing “Smart Prevention” model
Model helps DNR make strategic management decisions
Contact: Jake Vander Zanden 608-262-9464
Wisconsin’s Aquatic Invasive Species
Program
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Rules to Prevent Spread Illegal to launch a boat known
to have aquatic plants or animals attached
Restrictions on use and transport of some AIS species
Wisconsin’s Aquatic Invasive Species
Program
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Laws and Regulations
Federal
State
Local
National Invasive Species Act Coast Guard is responsible for regulating ballast
water management NOBOB
Federal Noxious Weed Regulations Defines noxious weeds and restricts their movement
Noxious Weed Ordinances County AIS Transport Ordinances ‘07-’08
2001 Wisconsin Act 109 Established Invasive Species Council Illegal to launch laws – WI Statute 30.715
VHS Regulations 2008 Restrictions on bait use & fish & water transport
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Any other questions?