Aquatic Insect Orders. Aquatic Insects Insects are largely terrestrial. But there have been numerous...
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Transcript of Aquatic Insect Orders. Aquatic Insects Insects are largely terrestrial. But there have been numerous...
![Page 1: Aquatic Insect Orders. Aquatic Insects Insects are largely terrestrial. But there have been numerous colonizations of the freshwater aquatic environment.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649e865503460f94b88d5d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Aquatic Insect Orders
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Aquatic Insects
• Insects are largely terrestrial.
• But there have been numerous colonizations of the freshwater aquatic environment.
• Far fewer colonizations of marine aquatic environment.
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Aquatic Insects
• Some lineages have almost* exclusively aquatic naiads.– Ephemeroptera– Odonata*– Plecoptera
• All of these have terrestrial adults.
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Ephemeroptera
• Naiads often with abdominal gills– Also maxillary and
labial gills!
• Generally 3 styli on naiads and adults.
• As many as 45 instars
• Anything else?
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Odonata
• Dragonflies & Damselflies
• Rectal/anal internal gills.
• Caudal lamellae also serve as gills.
• Up to 20 instars.• Predators as naiads
and adults.
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Plecoptera
• Mostly temperate regions
• 10-33 instars• Closed tracheal
system with anal gills.
• Need high oxygen, good environmental indicators.
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Hemiptera: True Bugs
• Diving or at surface• Adults and naiads both aquatic.• Highly modified legs.• Generally wings still functional as
adults, can disperse between waterways.
Notonectidae:Backswimmers
Corixidae:Water Boatmen
Naucoridae:Creeping water bugs
Gerridae:Water striders
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Hemiptera
• Left: Nepidae (water scorpions) tails are breathing tubes
• Right: Belostomatidae (toe-biters) egg tending by males
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Trichoptera
• Case & net makers.• Abdominal tracheal gills.
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Coleoptera
• Aquatic larvae, aquatic adults
• Aquatic larvae, terrestrial adults
• Terrestrial larvae, aquatic adults
• Pretty much all pupate on land
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Diptera
• Often with anal spiracles breathing at surface
• Very diverse• Almost all disease
vectoring Diptera have aquatic larvae (?)
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Megaloptera & Neuroptera
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Open tracheal system in flies• Respiratory siphons near abdomen or thorax• Different location in mosquito pupa than larva
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How do aquatic insects obtain oxygen?
• Atmospheric oxygen– Keep part of body out of
water– Carry oxygen into water
• Aqueous oxygen– Specialized tracheal
systems
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Tracheal System
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Closed Tracheal System
• Gills- lamellar extensions of tracheal system
• Found in many insect orders
• Gills may be in many places– Base of legs– Abdomen– End of abdomen– How is this analogous to
insect ears?
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Open tracheal system in diving beetles
• Bubble stored beneath elytra• Gas exchange can occur in water
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Other air bubble gills• Water kept away from body through ‘hairs’ or ‘mesh’• Oxygen diffuses from water to air against body• Usually slow moving insects with low oxygen demand
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Lotic Adaptations• Flattened bodies• Attachment through suckers
Water pennies (Coleoptera: Psephenidae)
Net-winged midges(Diptera: Blephariceridae
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More Lotic Adaptations• Nets & Cases
Trichoptera net
Trichoptera cases
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Lentic Adaptations• Taking advantage of surface
tension of still water
Water Strider (Gerridae)
Whirligig Beetle (Gyrinidae)
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Adaptations to nearly anoxic environments
• Hemoglobins– Many larval chironomid midges (Diptera) = bloodworms– Very, very high affinity for oxygen (unlike us)
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Using insects to monitor aquatic environments
• Usefulness– Diverse taxa to choose from, many common– Functionally important to ecological community– Ease of sampling many individuals without major
ethical constraints– Ability to identify species
• Responses– Increases of certain taxa in waters with sediment,
low– Oxygen, increases in temperature– Loss of diversity with pollution and or
eutrophication