Aquaponics: Comparing Walleye & Tilapia Production Results/Presentations... · Aquaponics Future...
Transcript of Aquaponics: Comparing Walleye & Tilapia Production Results/Presentations... · Aquaponics Future...
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Aquaponics: Comparing Walleye & Tilapia Production
Chris Hartleb Department of Biology
Northern Aquaculture Demonstration Facility Aquaponics Innovation Center
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Aquaponics
• Aquaponics is an integrated, soilless system for raising fish and plants.
• Benefits: • Sustainable and natural • Free of pesticides, herbicides and chemical
fertilizers • Highly efficient • Conservative uses of resources, water, space and
labor • Produces both a protein and a vegetable crop
from one integrated system • Continuous production of food 365 days per year
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Aquaponics Future
“There is a lack of scientific literature when it comes to aquaponic experiments on large-scale and during long-time sequences. Moreover, many experimental setups published are small-scale without replicates. Experiments covering bigger production systems exist, but they are performed by private research centers or companies, whereby confidential findings are not always made accessible to third parties.”
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Economic Considerations
• Tilapia fillet: $2 - $4 per pound (retail) • Walleye fillet: $9 - $16 per pound (retail)
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Aquaponics Innovation Center Montello, WI
UWSP-Aquaponics Innovation Center
Nelson and Pade, Inc.® Demonstration
Greenhouse
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Aquaponic Systems
Fish tanks
Clarifier (solids filter)
Mineralization tanks
Raft tank Water pump
Degassing tank
Air pump
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Overview of Systems
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Fish Culture
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Clarifier, Mineralization, Bioreactor & Degassing
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Plant Culture
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Tilapia Culture factor Range
Temperature 64 - 90oF (17 - 32oC)
Dissolved oxygen 3 – 10 mg/L
pH 7 – 8
Ammonia-N 0 – 0.04 mg/L
Nitrite-N 0 – 0.8 mg/L
Hardness 50 - 350 mg/L
CO2 0 – 30 mg/L
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Walleye Culture factor Range
Temperature 68 - 75oF (20 - 24oC)
Dissolved oxygen 5 – 6 mg/L
pH 6 – 9
Ammonia-N 0 – 0.02 mg/L
Nitrite-N 0 – 0.2 mg/L
Hardness 50 - 350 mg/L
CO2 0 – 10 mg/L
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Why it Works • Optimal ratio between fish and plants
– Balance between fish nutrient production and plant uptake – Feeding rate ratio
• 60-100 g/day/m2 for leafy greens grown on rafts • Right balance is needed based on:
– Type of fish – Plant growth platform – Type of plant (leafy vs fruiting) – Chemical composition of water
• Controlled environment agriculture = year-round production
Fish Plants
Phosphorus Phosphorus
Manganese Manganese
Copper Copper
Iron Iron
Potassium Potassium
Calcium Calcium
Magnesium Magnesium
Zinc Zinc
Cobalt Boron*
Selenium Molybdenum*
Iodine Sulfur*
Protein Nitrogen
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Tilapia Growth
Market size
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Walleye Growth
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Variability in Growth
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Market Considerations
• Tilapia, 1½ pounds = 680 grams – Projected fry to market = 297 days (10 months)
• Walleye, 1 pound = 454 grams – Projected fry to market = 1 year 10 months
Tilapia Walleye
Stocked (Harvest goal)
164/system (0.5 lb/gallon, Total 492)
166/system (0.42 lb/gallon, Total 498)
Survival 99% 81%
% Fillet size 41% 1½ pounds
14% ½ pound
Pounds of fillet 80 20
Price/pound of fillet $4/lb $9/lb
Actual value $320 $180
Estimated value 193 lb of fillet = $773 116 lb of fillet = $1,044
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Plant Production (Yield)
0200400600800
1000120014001600
Tota
l yie
ld (g
)
Kale
Tilapia Walleye
0.00
500.00
1000.00
1500.00
2000.00
2500.00
3000.00
Tota
l yie
ld (g
)
Broccoli
Tilapia Walleye
0.001000.002000.003000.004000.005000.006000.007000.008000.00
Tota
l Yie
ld (g
)
Romaine lettuce
0.001000.002000.003000.004000.005000.006000.007000.00
Tota
l yie
ld (g
)
Pac Choi
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Average Plant Biomass
0
5
10
15
20
25
Aver
age
plan
t bio
mas
s (g)
Kale TilapiaWalleye
05
101520253035404550
Aver
age
plan
t bio
mas
s (g)
Broccoli
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Aver
age
plan
t bio
mas
s (g)
Romaine lettuce
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Aver
age
plan
t bio
mas
s (g)
Pac Choi
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Root:Shoot Ratio
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
8/1/2015 9/1/2015 10/1/2015 11/1/2015 12/1/2015 1/1/2016 2/1/2016
Root
:Sho
ot R
atio
Kale
Tilapia Walleye
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
8/1/2015 9/1/2015 10/1/2015 11/1/2015 12/1/2015 1/1/2016 2/1/2016
Root
:Sho
ot R
atio
Broccoli
Tilapia Walleye
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
8/1/2015 9/1/2015 10/1/2015 11/1/2015 12/1/2015 1/1/2016 2/1/2016
Root
:Sho
ot R
atio
Romaine lettuce
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
8/1/2015 9/1/2015 10/1/2015 11/1/2015 12/1/2015 1/1/2016 2/1/2016
Root
:Sho
ot R
atio
Pac Choi
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Plant Harvest
• Plant yield did not significantly differ between tilapia and walleye systems • Nor did it differ for plant biomass and root:shoot ratio
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Nutrient Differences No differences • Micronutrients
– Iron – Molybdenum – Copper – Nickel
• Macronutrients – Calcium – Sulfur – Magnesium
Water quality • Alkalinity
– Similar: 188 – 184 mg/L • Hardness
– Similar: 260 – 244 mg/L • pH
– Similar: 7.6 – 7.8 • Temperature
– Similar: 23 – 21oC (73 – 70oF)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Phos
phor
us (m
g/L
PO4-3
P
Phosphorus (T) Phosphorus (W)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Pota
ssiu
m (m
g/L
K+
Potassium (T) Potassium (W)
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Nutrient Differences
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.8
NH 3
-N (m
g/L)
Ammonia (T) Ammonia (W)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
NO
2-N
(mg/
L)
Nitrite (T) Nitrite (W)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
NO
3-N
(mg/
L)
Nitrate (T) Nitrate (W)
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Summary • Differences in nutrients in tilapia and walleye aquaponic systems related
to composition of feed and fish absorption efficiency. – Levels within acceptable limits for both.
• Plant production did not differ between systems. • Tilapia production to market-size accomplished in 10-12 months. • Walleye production to market-size accomplished in >1 year 10 months.
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Hybrid Walleye
Harvest in 307 days (10 months)
Harvest in 462 days (1 year 3 months)
Harvest in 392 days (1 year 1 month)
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Aquaponics as a Commercial Industry Status - • Small but rapidly growing industry –
experiencing exponential growth. • Driven by:
• Food security & Food quality • Locavore movement • Limited fresh water and land
Industry Needs - • Aquaponic education
• Enthusiasm > Knowledge
• Employment opportunities
• Currently have:
• Large commercial ventures
• Students pursuing careers in aquaponics
• Research in crop diversity, system efficiency & economics
Aquaponics survey respondents by zip code (Love et al. 2014. PLoS ONE 9(7).)
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Education/Outreach
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Summary / Contacts
• UW-Stevens Point Aquaponics Innovation Center – Professional aquaponics certificate – Three college courses (semester long) – Internship opportunities – Collaborative research – http://www.uwsp.edu/aquaponics