AquAdvantage Salmon Innovation in...
Transcript of AquAdvantage Salmon Innovation in...
FARMED ATLANTIC SALMON
Global salmon production worth $10 billion Combined the world’s salmon farmers produce 2.1 million metric tons of salmon, from
just 0.00008 percent of the world’s oceans, says new report. IntraFish Media
ISFA Report 2015
US SALMON IMPORTS 2015 U.S. Atlantic salmon imports, value by selected sources (1,000 U.S. dollars)
Product, country code and name
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Jan-Feb 14 Jan-Feb 15
3370 Chile 771,973 487,745 292,885 563,398 748,492 1,080,485 1,332,251 228,557 209,798
1220 Canada 448,444 429,078 495,073 478,325 503,259 472,752 354,304 61,783 73,606
4039 Norway 54,029 243,579 399,592 222,054 137,535 201,523 294,531 39,216 57,749
4120 United Kingdom 66,096 108,719 112,849 113,566 88,916 109,640 133,504 23,513 14,632
4091 Faroe Islands 14,588 58,588 66,781 97,208 67,429 120,283 127,219 23,435 8,254
5700 China (Mainland) 29,394 32,142 32,249 27,629 40,902 58,016 54,409 18,427 3,081
4099 Denmark 694 6,328 13,146 4,818 18 13,415 15,367 4,401 189
Other countries 8,533 19,704 26,356 13,213 19,537 19,287 44,806 3,942 10,428
Total
1,393,750 1,385,884 1,438,931 1,520,211 1,606,088 2,075,400 2,356,392 403,274 377,738
Date run: 4/3/2015 10:56:37 AM
U.S. Atlantic salmon imports, volume by selected sources (1,000 pounds) Product, country code and name
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Jan-Feb 14 Jan-Feb 15
3370 Chile 212,759 128,229 61,416 120,387 206,177 239,618 279,004 45,620 47,229
1220 Canada 166,657 157,620 168,766 156,511 193,026 148,547 104,399 15,087 24,718
4039 Norway 14,402 60,213 80,643 41,557 31,782 40,591 57,657 7,389 13,389
4120 United Kingdom 23,376 37,253 34,312 34,970 29,727 27,594 34,060 5,424 3,943
4091 Faroe Islands 6,540 23,117 20,886 32,926 25,981 33,127 35,606 5,598 2,339
5700 China (Mainland) 13,530 14,290 14,447 9,631 12,379 17,785 17,046 5,961 1,009
4099 Denmark 173 1,458 3,007 895 7 2,358 2,590 761 23
Other countries 1,994 4,475 5,366 2,649 4,765 4,387 8,783 835 2,261
Total
439,430 426,655 388,842 399,526 503,844 514,006 539,144 86,676 94,912
Date run: 4/3/2015 10:56:31 AM
57%
15%
12%
52%
19%
11%
Gains in Growth – Smolts (AAS vs. Nontransgenics)
Growth Curves (smolts)
AquAdvantage®
salmonStandard salmon
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Regulatory sequences from ocean pout AFP gene &
coding domain from chinook salmon GH-1 cDNA
Selection
Milt
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Transgenic Founder Transgene DNA
Microinjection
Fertilized
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Eggs
Promoter Terminator GH cDNA
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AquAdvantage Salmon
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COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OPERATIONS
ApprovedGrow-Out
Harvest
AAS Broodstock
Confirm
Genotype
PCR
Induce
Triploid
y
FACS
Confirm
Triploidy
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Salmon Female
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AquAdvantage NeoMale
Diploid Triploid
Non-Transgenic Broodstock
Processed Salmon
Production of Triploid, Monosex, Eyed-AAS Eggs
Fertilize
Milt
Sale
Plasmid Transgene
Integrated Transgene
Product Definition
Phenotype
Durability
Food Safety
Claims
Approval
Post-Approval
Environmental
Assessment
FDA FINDINGS RELEVANT TO COMPOSITION
• AAS meet the standard of identity for Atlantic salmon established by FDA’s Reference Fish Encyclopedia
• No biologically relevant differences were detected in the levels of the gene product, or any endogenous metabolite or substance found in physiological pathways that could be impacted by that hormone
• AAS contained the expected amounts of nutritionally important omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids at the appropriate ratio for a fish source
• No biologically relevant differences were found in the allergenicity of edible products
• Found no biologically relevant difference between food from AAS and conventional Atlantic salmon
• Food from AquAdvantage Salmon is as safe to eat as food from other Atlantic salmon
• http://www.fda.gov/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/VeterinaryMedicineAdvisoryCommittee/ucm201810.htm
VMAC Briefing Packet
September 20, 2010
VMAC Briefing Packet AquAdvantage Salmon - Page 24
Phenotypic Characterization c. General Observations
ABT conducted a controlled, blinded animal safety study at their PEI facility, which examined the
effect of the integrated AquAdvantage construct on the health of the GE animals. The study was a
careful and well-controlled assessment of the health of the fish and the following sections focus
primarily on the information provided in this study.
The general health and behavior of all of the fish was assessed by facility personnel and
independent veterinary professionals specializing in aquatic species. The study fish were observed
at the PEI facility at four separate time points following pre-enrollment qualification of the fish from
each study group. Assessments were made for feeding activity, behavior, posture, and
position in the water column, coloration, observation of any external lesions, morbidity,
mortality, and any other abnormal clinical signs. No health abnormalities were observed and
the fish were regarded as in good health and of normal behavior.
Conclusion: AquAdvantage Salmon show no general health or
behavioral abnormalities relative to comparator fish.
Phenotypic Characterization
In sum, the evidence collected and independently evaluated by
CVM shows that the creation, production, grow-out and human
consumption of AquAdvantage Salmon under the conditions
proposed in the Sponsor‘s NADA and described in this EA will
not result in significant adverse effects on the environment.
Environmental Assessment for AquAdvantage® Salmon New Animal Drug Application
Submitted by AquaBounty Technologies, Inc.
Environmental Assessment
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Reproductive performance of alternative male phenotypes of growth hormone transgenic Atlantic salmon
(Salmo salar)
Darek T. R. Moreau,1 Corinne Conway2 and Ian A. Fleming1
1 Ocean Sciences Centre, Cognitive and Behavioural Ecology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
2 Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
Evolutionary Applications ISSN 1752-4571 (2011)
Transgenic salmon exhibit reduced breeding
efficiency (>10X) when compared to anadromous
“wild type” salmon in an artificial mesocosm
DAILY FEED INTAKE OF TG SALMON WAS 3 FOLD HIGHER
THAN NTG REGARDLESS OF PLOIDY AND DIET
Ganga et al, 2015
FCR WAS SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER (20%) IN TG
THAN NTG REGARDLESS OF PLOIDY&DIET
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Ganga et al 2015
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Higher Protein Retention Efficiencies in TG vs
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Ganga et al, 2015
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Ganga et al, 2015
New York
Oslo
Santiago
Miami
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AquAdvantage®
Salmon
Norwegian
Salmon
Chilean
Salmon
AquAdvantage® Salmon could reduce both the carbon footprint and cost of transportation
Carbon emissions (CO2-equivalent) per lb salmon transported*
*Calculation based on transporting salmon by truck and air freight from point to point at representative loading capacities, fuel efficiencies and distances. Salmon are transported approximately an
average of 300 miles to Oslo for air freight to New York and 640 miles to Santiago for air freight to Miami. 1 nautical mile (NM) = 1.15 miles.
Sea Cages
Lower Capital Cost
Regions with suitable coastline
Exposure to pathogens
Escape of fish
Predators, jellyfish, hazardous algal blooms
Use of medications, chemicals
Ecology of coastal waterways
Biosecurity issues, vandalism
Extreme weather events
Exposed working conditions
Operation (wellboats, etc.)
Transportation
AAS - RAS
Improved FCR/N2 retention
Greater biosecurity, zero escapes
Reduced/eliminated meds/chems
Siting close to consumers
Reduced transportation
Zero impact on biodiversity
Reduced environmental impact & carbon
footprint
Safe working conditions for employees
Higher Capital cost
Energy cost
Non-Exclusive Alternatives
Wild Caught
Management
Marketing
Distribution
Capacity
Stock Enhancement
Ranching
• Improve genetics
• Disease diagnosis, prevention and treatment
• Control of sex and fertility
• Improvement of growth, composition, and performance
• Traceability
Applications of Molecular Biology for Aquaculture