aqd Highlights 2005 - SEAFDEC/AQD · development of Fish disease Surveillance System aqd ... 2005 5...

aqd Highlights2005annual Report

SEaFdEC aquaculture departmentTigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines

Raising Rural Productivity through aquaculture

� SEAFDEC Aquacul ture Department

TheSEAFDECAquacultureDepartment(AQD)implementedseveral programs aimed at generating and transferring

technologies for responsible and sustainable aquaculture in theASEAN-SEAFDECMemberCountries.Theprogramsincludedresearch, technology verification and demonstration, training,and information dissemination. AQD convened five regionalconsultations in �005 as part of the implementation of theSEAFDECregionalprograms. The many beneficiaries of AQD’s programs recognize itsefforts at providing technologies and information products andservices. In particular, the technology demonstrations done ingovernmenthatcheriesandfarmsthroughtheIntegratedRegionalAquaculture Program and the Mangrove-Friendly AquacultureProgramhavebeenhighlyappreciatedbytheMemberCountries. Several AQD projects were done in collaboration withgovernment agencies, universities, local governments, non-governmentorganizations, and theprivate sector.Collaborativeresearch was done with the European Union, the JapanInternationalResearchCenterforAgriculturalSciences,andtheFisheriesResearchAgencyofJapan.ProfessorsfromPhilippineuniversitieswereinvitedtoAQDasVisitingScientiststoconductsomeresearchinimmunology,seaweedstrainimprovement,andmarinenaturalproductssuchaspolyunsaturatedfattyacids.AQDhosted the Workshop on Education and Training for theAsia-Europe Meeting (ASEM)Aquaculture Platform and conductedtrainingcoursesforUNESCO-MAB-SeaBRnetandBIMP-EAGAandastudytourfortheSecretariatofthePacificCommunity.ThetrainingcourseonImportantViralDiseasesofFishesandShrimpswasconductedbyAQDwiththeOfficeInternationalEpizootiesTokyoforthesecondyearinarow. AQD enhanced SEAFDEC visibility and communicationin a variety of ways. AQD scientists participated in severalinternational scientific conferences, symposiums, and experts’workshops in aquaculture and fish health management. AQDjoinedsixfairsandexhibitsinthreecountries.AQDproducedanddistributedseveralflyersandbrochures,tworegionalcodes,theannualreportAQD Highlights,andthenewsletterAQD Matters.The Library, website, Bookstore, and FishWorld continued toservereaders,students,informationseekers,andvisitors.

Inside

SEAFDEC/AQD responds to Southeast Asia 3

AQD in the context of SEAFDEC 4

Research and development 5

Abalone production 8

Mud crab production 10

Shrimp domestication 15

Marine fish seed production 16

Technology verification and commercialization 21

Freshwater aquaculture for livelihood 25

AQD collaboration with Philippine agencies 28

Regionalization of the Code of Conduct 32

Mangrove-friendly shrimp farming 34

Stock enhancement for threatened species 36

Regional Fish Diseases Program 39

Integrated Regional Aquaculture Program 44

Research publications 49

Training 51

Information dissemination 56

FishWorld matters 58

Finances 60

Personnel and management 61

SEAFDEC/AQD at 32 64

SEAFDEC/AQD responds to the Philippines 67

Prepared by

TBagarinao([email protected])

TrainingandInformationDivision

SEAFDECAquacultureDepartment

Published by

SEAFDECAquacultureDepartment

Tigbauan,Iloilo

April�006

ISSN 1655-5228

The AQD Chief reports

AQD Highl ights 2005 �

SEAFDEC/AQD responds to Southeast Asia


AQD in the context of SEAFDECPrograms of the Southeast asian Fisheries development Center in 2005

department(s) responsible

departmental Programs

Center-WideInformationNetwork SEC

WorkingGrouponRegionalFisheriesPolicy SEC

InformationandCommunicationsTechnology TD

Broodstock Management and Seed quality Improvement aqd

Responsible and Sustainable aquaculture Technologies aqd

Collaborative Program with Philippine agencies aqd

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Regional Programs under the aSEaN-SEaFdEC FCG Mechanism

Regionalization of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries in Southeast asia SEC, aqd

Promotion of Mangrove-Friendly aquaculture in Southeast asia aqd

development of Fish disease Surveillance System aqd

R&d on Stock Enhancement for Threatened Species under International Concern aqd, MFRdMd

AssistanceofCapacity-BuildingintheRegiontoAddressInternational SEC

ManagementofSharkFisheriesandUtilizationinSoutheastAsia SEC

InformationCollectionforSustainablePelagicFisheriesintheSouthChinaSea MFRDMD

ResearchandAnalysisforChemicalResiduesandContaminationinFish,FishProducts,FishingGrounds,andFishFarms MFRD

CapacityImprovementofFisheriesCommunityforFisheriesManagementandAlleviationofPoverty TD

Special5-yearProgramonSustainableFisheriesforFoodSecurityintheASEANRegion• aquaculture for Rural development aqd • Supply of Good quality Seeds aqd • TowardsDecentralizedManagementforSustainableFisheries SEC• ImprovementofFisheryStatisticalSystemandMechanisms SEC• ResponsibleFishingTechnologiesandPractices TD• ResourceEnhancement TD• HarvestingofUnderexploitedResources TD• IndicatorsforSustainableDevelopmentandManagementofFisheries MFRDMD• InformationGatheringforInlandCaptureFisheries MFRDMD• MaximizingtheUtilizationofFishCatch MFRD• FishQualityandSafetyManagementSystems MFRD

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SEC Secretariat MFRD MarineFisheriesResearchDepartment TD TrainingDepartment MFRDMD MarineFisheriesResourcesDevelopmentandManagementDepartment AQD AquacultureDepartment

AQD Highl ights 2005 5

Research and Development

Aquaculturecontinuestobeasignificantproduceroffish,crustaceans,mollusks,seaweeds,andotherfisheryproductsneededforfoodsecurity,employment,andpovertyalleviationinSoutheastAsia.SEAFDEC/AQD’sDepartmentalProgramsgraduallyshifted

frombeingdiscipline-basedtobeingcommodity-based.Eachcommodityprogramwasimplementedintermsofthecontinuumfromresearchtocommercialization.

aqd departmental Programs

Program1.BroodstockManagementandSeedQualityImprovementAbaloneproductionMudcrabproduction(withtheEuropeanCommission)ShrimpdomesticationMarinefishseedproduction(withJIRCASandACIAR)

Program�.ResponsibleAquacultureTechnologiesTechnologyverificationandcommercializationFreshwateraquacultureforlivelihood

Program�.AQDCollaborationwithPhilippineAgenciesAquaculturebiotechnology(withUPV,MSU,UEP,NFRDI,BFAR)Adoptionanddisseminationofmilkfishtechnologies(withBFARandWorldFishCenter)

Regional Programs under the aSEaN-SEaFdEC Fisheries Consultative Group Mechanism

Program1.RegionalizationoftheCodeofConductforResponsibleFisheries Program�.PromotionofMangrove-FriendlyAquaculture Program�.StockEnhancementforThreatenedSpeciesofInternationalConcern Program�.RegionalFishDiseasesProgram:DevelopmentofFishDiseaseSurveillanceSystem Program5.IntegratedRegionalAquacultureProgram

Scientificresearchisthemethodofchoiceforfillingingapsinknowledge,information,andtechnologiesforresponsibleaquaculture.AQDimplementedalargenumberofresearchandtechnologyverificationprojects(pages6-7),aswellasawidevarietyoftraining,publications,andinformationdisseminationprojects.

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Tiger grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus

Donkey-ear abalone Haliotis asinina

6 SEAFDEC Aquacul ture Department

Abalone Production

2005 75 Refinement of seed production techniques for abalone Haliotis asinina SM Buen-Ursua 1,196,881 1,362,253

2005 50 Propagation and use of diatoms Amphora and Navicula for feeding abalone larvae MR de la Peña 118,000 85,836

2005 15 Nursery of the abalone in land-based flow-through tanks and in open-water fixed bottom cages SM Buen-Ursua 153,479

2005 15 Participatory grow-out of abalone Haliotis asinina in cages at Manlot Island, Carles, Iloilo SM Buen-Ursua 212,279 184,400 Rotary Club 63,949

Mud Crab Production

2002 100 Culture and management of Scylla Species: Seed production ET Quinitio 381,421 EC-CMMS 493,545

2002 100 Culture and management of Scylla Species: Nursery FDP Estepa 161,376 EC-CMMS 222,690

2003 100 Culture and management of Scylla Species: Geography and hydrography of Aklan mangroves MJHL Lebata - EC-CMMS -

2002 100 Culture and management of Scylla Species: Fisheries of Scylla species in Western Visayas JH Primavera 1,096,943 EC-CMMS 707,388

2002 100 Culture and management of Scylla Species: Refinement of mangrove-mud crab pen systems JH Primavera 308,737 EC-CMMS 420,261

2005 30 Refinement of broodstock management and seed production techniques for mud crab ET Quinitio 1,151,097 1,209,210

2005 20 Cost-effective techniques for culture, harvest, and preservation of green microalgae for crab MR de la Peña 218,000 117,886

and fish seed production

Shrimp Domestication

2005 5 Improvement of maturation of pond-reared Penaeus monodon broodstock ET Quinitio 250,000 29,779

2005 5 Refinement of broodstock management and larval rearing of P. indicus and P. merguiensis FDP Estepa 218,900 129,059

Marine Fish Seed Production

2005 10 Refinement of techniques, pilot scale operation, and feasibility of marine fish seed production DR Chavez 3,255,148 3,325,379

2004 50 Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) as molecular markers for egg quality in fish and mud crab J Bangcaya 483,008 402,989 ACIAR 857,470

2003 70 Pathogenesis and control of subclinical viral nervous necrosis in broodstock of grouper I Kiryu 293,570 JIRCAS 283,658

2004 90 Reproductive and larval performance of rabbitfish Siganus guttatus H Ogata/DR Chavez 1,253,534 JIRCAS 1,203,303

Freshwater Aquaculture for Livelihood

2005 5 Growth and survival of Asian catfish fry reared in net cages with and without supplemental AD Evangelista 176,000 30,000

feeding in Laguna de Bay

2005 new Production of milkfish Chanos chanos fingerlings in modular lake-based in Laguna de Bay MLC Aralar 274,472 2,646

Technology Refinement and Dissemination

2004 100 Poverty alleviation through aquaculture: increasing food and income through fish farming NM Franco 350,000 243,954 AusAID 387,042

2004 50 Aquaculture Consultancy Project in Ngatpang State in Palau JEA Basco 1,673,642 Palau 1,645,635

2004 100 Grow-out of Penaeus monodon by the SEAFDEC/AQD environment-friendly method CMV Ganancial 778,721 Hautea 449,736

2005 100 Grow-out of Penaeus indicus by the SEAFDEC/AQD environment-friendly method CMV Ganancial 1,651,979 482,212

2005 90 Seed production of shrimps CMV Ganancial 129,401 323

2005 90 Seed production of SEAFDEC/AQD saline-tolerant tilapia Oreochromis spp. CMV Ganancial 109,401 13,253

2005 90 Grow-out of milkfish and tilapia in brackishwater ponds CMV Ganancial 233,851 22,037

2005 10 Modified-extensive shrimp farming with nursery pond component CMV Ganancial 352,118 138,691

2005 30 Grow-out of humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis in floating net cages NRS Jamon 827,025 118,519

2005 30 Grow-out of humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelis in ponds NRS Jamon 799,597 191,307

2005 25 Grow-out of grouper Epinephelus spp. in floating net cages NRS Jamon 684,302 149,889

2005 90 Grow-out of grouper Epinephelus spp. in brackishwater ponds NRS Jamon 490,806 73,012

2005 90 Grow-out of mud crab Scylla serrata in mangrove pens NM Franco 419,246 177,419

2005 90 Grow-out of mud crab Scylla serrata in brackishwater ponds NM Franco 100,220 90,721

2005 75 Commercialization of grow-out of mud crab Scylla serrata in ponds NM Franco 672,793 Private Sector 25,671

2005 0 Commercialization of grow-out of mud crab Scylla serrata in mangrove pens NM Franco 127,646 Private Sector 500

2005 0 Verification of grow-out technology for soft-shelled crab production in floating cages NM Franco 211,699 35,076

Start % Projects Leaders Approved budgets (PhP) Expenses done AQD External agencies (PhP)


EC-CMMS European Commission—Culture and management of the mud crabs Scylla spp., ACIAR Australian Center for International Agricultural Research, AusAID Australian Agency for International Development, UPV University of the Philippines Visayas, FRA Fisheries Research Agency, JIRCAS Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, GOJ-TF Government of Japan Trust Fund, ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations

Collaboration with Philippine Agencies: Aquaculture Biotechnology

2004 42 Evaluation of nutritional and microbial derivatives as immunostimulants in grouper EC Amar 100,000 UPV 1,644

2005 20 Polyunsaturated fatty acids as useful compounds in aquaculture and human nutrition JM Oclarit 346,019 MSU 345,694

2005 20 Strain improvement of farmed carrageenan-producing marine macroalgae RC Salvador 146,600 NFRDI 207,325

2005 75 Phytic acid levels in non-conventional feedstuff in various processed forms RGG Ledesma 242,597 NFRDI 3,675

2005 75 Growth performance of GET-EXCEL tilapia fed diets with azomite as mineral mix RGG Ledesma 612,170 NFRDI 23,058

SEAFDEC-BFAR-WorldFish Collaboration

2004 100 Dissemination and adoption of milkfish aquaculture technology in the Philippines WG Yap 733,449 World Fish 716,391

SEAFDEC-FRA Collaboration

2004 10 Characteristics of koi herpesvirus isolates from Asia GL Po 730,893 FRA, Japan 561,956

Mangrove-Friendly Shrimp Farming

2004 100 Beneficial mangrove-friendly shrimp aquaculture practices: assessment of investment, S Ekmaharaj 250,000 GOJ-TF 250,000

income, and environmental benefits (Thailand experience)

2004 100 Economic valuation of environment-friendly shrimp farming in mangrove areas G Samonte-Tan 250,000 GOJ-TF 199,488

(Philippine experience)

2004 100 Mangrove friendly shrimp culture in Malaysia DD Baliao GOJ-TF

2004 100 Mangrove friendly shrimp culture in Myanmar DD Baliao 150,000 GOJ-TF 113,506

Stock Enhancement for Threatened Species of International Concern

2005 10 Population dynamics, breeding, and seed production of sea horses RJ Maliao 174,961 173,625

2005 10 Abalone fishery in Western Visayas and refinement of seeding strategies for RJ Maliao 88,500 60,403

stock enhancement

2005 new Behavioral conditioning of the abalone Haliotis asinina for stock enhancement SM Buen-Ursua 193,694 GOJ-TF -

Regional Fish Diseases Program: Development of Fish Disease Surveillance System

2004 30 Surveillance of emerging fish viral pathogens in Southeast Asian countries GL Po 945,450 GOJ-TF 739,552

2004 20 Monitoring and surveillance of transboundary pathogens in farmed shrimps and prawns CL Pitogo 703,300 GOJ-TF 525,708

2004 20 Optimization and standardization of PCR protocols of important viral diseases of LD de la Peña 270,500 GOJ-TF 405,862

farmed and wild shrimps in the Philippines

2004 25 Viral nervous necrosis in wild and farmed fish in the Philippines LD de la Peña 297,550 GOJ-TF 181,681

2004 40 Immunostimulation strategies against white spot syndrome virus EC Amar 216,400 GOJ-TF 268,501

2004 65 Control of luminous bacterial disease of tiger shrimp with fish and other aquaculture species EA Tendencia 216,420 GOJ-TF 291,103

2005 new Regional survey of pesticide residues in fish and fish products and their environment EA Tendencia 79,500 GOJ-TF -

2005 new Study on the withdrawal period of antibiotics used in aquaculture shrimps and fish EA Tendencia 26,500 GOJ-TF -

2005 new Survey of chloramphenicol and nitrofuran in Southeast Asian fish and fish products EA Tendencia 79,500 GOJ-TF -

ASEAN-SEAFDEC Integrated Regional Aquaculture Program

2004 80 Morphometric characterization of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and related species MR Eguia/ 240,026 ASEAN 84,857

in the Philippines MLC Aralar

2003 80 Selective breeding for genetic improvement of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in Thailand P Sodsuk 250,000 ASEAN 250,000

2003 100 Evaluation of growth rate of GI Macro II strain in different locations in Indonesia E Nugroho 250,000 ASEAN 250,000

Start % Projects Leaders Approved budgets (PhP) Expenses done AQD External agencies (PhP)


Abalone Production

Abalone is ahigh-value commoditywithgood localmarketandhighexportpotential.Itcanbesoldliveatanex-farm

priceofP�00/kg.Blanchedandblastfrozen,itcanbeexportedatUS$1�/kg.MajormarketsforabaloneincludeHongkong,China,andKorea.In tropicalsoutheastAsia, theabaloneof interest toaquaculture is thedonkey-earHaliotis asinina.Abalone canbegrowninfloatingcagessuspendedfrombuoysorrafts,orinpenssetatthebottomofshallowbaysandcoveswithcleanseawater. AQD’sAbaloneProgramwent full-swing in�005with thefollowingprojects:

RefinementofseedproductiontechnologyforabaloneHaliotis asininaPropagationanduseofdiatomsAmphoraandNaviculaforfeedingabalonelarvaeNurseryoftheabaloneinland-basedflow-throughtanksandinopen-waterfixedbottomcagesParticipatoryfarmingofabaloneinbottomcagesGrow-outofabaloneinfloatingcagesTrainingcourse:HatcheryandGrow-outofAbalone,1�-�9November�005On-the-jobTraininginabalonehatchery

Refinement of seed production technology for abaloneA total of 19�,567 early juveniles (<1cm in shell length) wereproducedin�005.Themarkedincreasewasduetoasteadysupplyofabalonebroodstocks;moresettlementplatesand tanksmadeavailable to the larvae; feeding the larvae high densities of thebenthicdiatomsAmphoraandNaviculaduringthefirst5-10daysof rearing; continuous feeding with mixed diatoms until earlyjuveniles reached 0.5cm; and feeding with sufficient seaweedGracilariauntil the juveniles reached�cm.TheAQDhatcheryhadabout6�0breederabalonesin�005.

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Concepcion 2005 Wild 63 157 220Igang (old) 2005 Hatchery-bred F1-F2 10 32 42Igang (new) 2005 Hatchery-bred F1 33 188 221Panagatan Cays, Hatchery-bred Fx 48 89 137 Concepcion, 1990s

Total 154 466 620

Broodstock source Generation Males Females Total

Use of the benthic diatoms Amphora and Navicula for feeding abalone larvaeReplicategroupsofabalonelarvaeweregivenequalbiomassofeitherAmphora,Navicula,both species,ormixeddiatoms,andthesettlementratesweredeterminedondays5,10,and15.Inthefirstrun,highestsettlement(�.9%onday15)wasattainedamonglarvaefedbothAmphoraandNavicula,butwasnotsignificantlydifferent from the other treatments. Higher settlement wasrecordedonplateswithcrustosecorallinealgaethanwithout.Atotalof�,�10juvenileswereharvestedfromrun1after90days.In the second run, larvae fed mixed diatoms had the highestsettlement(�.5%onday10,�.�%onday�0)onplateswithoutcrustose coralline algae but not significantly different from theother treatments. Survival of juveniles was also highest on adietofmixeddiatoms(givenathighdensityandfrequency)and19,71�wereharvestedfromrun�after90days.

Settlement plates for abalone larvae

Abalone broodstocks, AQD hatchery in 2005

Abalone broodstock

Production of juvenile abalone, AQD hatchery


Juvenile abalone packed in oxygenated bags

were given to MaBaKAs cooperators by Speaker

Jose De Venecia, Jr. and Iloilo First District

Congresswoman Janette Garin on 15 July

2005

On-farm research on abalone

AQD forged ties with private cooperators to study theeconomicsofabalonegrowoutinactualfarmsituations.ThecooperatorsinvolvedareMaBaKAsofManlotIsland,Carles,Iloilo and the Cruz Aquafarm in Tando, Nueva Valencia,Guimaras. MaBaKAs is the Manlot Bantay KatungganAssociation, which consists of fisher families in ManlotIsland.Thegroup’sabalonefarmisbeingassistedfinanciallybytheRotaryClubofLapaz,IloiloCity.Asidefromprovidingthe abalone seedstock, AQD also trained in June �005 themembers of MaBaKAs and the workers of CruzAquafarmin abalone farm management and monitoring.A ceremonialturnoverofabaloneseedstockfromAQDtotheprivatesectortookplaceon15JulyatAQDTigbauan.

Grow-out of abalone in fixed bottom cagesSome5,000juvenileabalones(�g,�.6cm)weretransportedtoManlotIsland,Carles,Iloilo,on��Aug�005andstockedinfixedbottomcageswith the seaweedGracilaria as food.Afterfourmonths,theabalonesgrewto15gand�.7cm.Theyprobably also grazed on the microalgae growing on rocksplacedinsidethecagesasshelters.Someproblemswerenoted.SomeMaBaKasmembers showedpoor attitudeand lackofskills.Strongwavesduetothenortheastmonsoondeformedthe cage frames, tore the nets, and rolled the rocks inside.Someabalonesescaped,werecrushedtodeath,orexposedtopredators(crabs,fishes,gastropods,mantisshrimps,octopus,starfish). Itwasessential tomonitor thecagedaily tocheckand repair the damage, get rid of predators, and search formissingabalones.Overaweek,51abaloneswererecovered�-5metersawayfromthecage.

Trainees at work at the abalone hatchery, November 2005

Nursery of the abalone in land-based flow-through tanks and in open-water fixed bottom cagesSome�,600earlyjuvenileabalones(averageweight<0.1g,shelllength0.�cm)were transported toManlot,Carles, Iloiloon��Aug�005.Afterfourmonths, theygrewto�.�gand�.7cm.Incontrast,thesamebatchofearlyjuvenilesrearedinflow-throughconcrete tanks at theAQD hatchery grew to only to �.6g and�.�cm.Thebettergrowthofearlyjuvenilesinopen-waterbottomcagesmaybeduetothemicroalgaepresentthatservedasfoodbesidestheseaweeds.

Grow-out in floating cages at Igang Marine StationAQD maintains �7 round net cages for abalone—� cages fornurseryand��cages forgrow-out.Thesecagesarehung fromfloatingraftsandfedGracilaria.

Grow-out in floating cages in Escalante, Negros OccidentalSome�0,600juvenileabalonesweretransportedtoEscalanteon10Nov�005,atripthattook�hoursandcaused�.5%mortalityoverthenext��hours.Theabalonesarekeptinfloatingplasticboxeswithfine-meshnetandfedGracilaria.

Floating cage for abalone at AQD’s Igang Marine Station


Mud Crab Production

ThemudcrabsScylla serrataandrelatedspeciesnowsupportafast-growingdemandindomesticandforeignmarkets,and

more of them must now be sourced from aquaculture.AQD’sMudCrabProgramincludedtheresearchprojectsoftheEuropeanCommissionandrelatedstudiesandtrainingcourses:

CultureandmanagementofScyllaspecies:SeedproductionCultureandmanagementofScyllaspecies:NurseryCultureandmanagementofScyllaSpecies:FisheriesinWesternVisayasCultureandmanagementofScyllaSpecies:Refinementofmangrove–mudcrabpensystemsCultureandmanagementofScyllaSpecies:GeographyandhydrographyofIbajayandKalibomangrovesRefinementofbroodstockmanagementandseedproductiontechniquesformudcrabCost-effectiveculture,harvesting,andpreservationofgreenmicroalgaeforcrabandfishhatcheryTrainingcourse:CrabSeedProduction,1�Sep–1�Oct�005On-the-jobtraininginmudcrabhatchery

One major accomplishment in �005 was the refinement oftechniques for mud crab broodstock and hatchery. To providegoodfoodtomudcrabbroodstockandjuveniles,marineannelidsare necessary—these may be mass produced using availabletechnologies.Onlymature(notberried)femalesfromthewildorspawnersincaptivityareusedforhatcheryruns—toensurethattheeggmassisnotbadlycontaminated.Toestablishabiosecure(virus-free)crabbroodstockandhatchery,thespawnersaregrownfromjuvenilesincaptivity.Tomaintaingoodsanitation,thebroodstockfacilityareprovidedefficientfilters.Microbiallyagedwaterandconcentrated algae are used instead of commercial probiotics.Commercializationofthemudcrabhatcherytechnologyisbeingfast-tracked tosupply thedemandofcrabfarmers.TwoprivatehatcheriesnowworkcloselywithAQD.

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Refinement of broodstock and hatchery managementFourwatermanagementschemesweretestedforeffectsonmudcrablarvae:

T1–dailywaterchange,greenalgaeNannochlorummaintainedat50x10�cells/mlT�–waterchangeevery5days,algae50x10�cells/mlT�–waterchangeevery5days,algae100x10�cells/mlT�–recirculatingwateratzoea�,algae50x10�cells/ml

Survivalfromzoea1tomegalopa�-5was6.7%inT�,5.�%inT�,�.�%inT�and1.6%inT1.Thewatermanagementschemesdidnotsignificantlyaffectthebacterialfloraoftherearingwater,but the bacterial populations of the zoeae in T�, T�, and T�wereaboutone-tenththatinT1.Furthermore,thepopulationofpresumptivevibrioswas less inT�,T�,andT� thanT1.Theseresultssuggestthatdailywaterchangeincrablarvalrearingmaynotbebeneficialtothelarvae.T�gavethebestresultsoverall.

AnotherexperimenttestedT�andtwoothertreatments:T5–waterchangeonlyonceduringthecultureperiod,algae100x10�cells/mlT6–withprobiotic(CPBiodream),waterchangeevery5days,algae100x10�cells/ml

After�0days,survivalofmegalopaewashigherinT�(11.5%)than in T5 (7.96%) and T6 (5.71%). However, developmentthroughmegalopawasfastest inT6.In thesecondrun,anothertreatmentwasadded:

T7–withprobiotic,waterchangeevery10days,algae100x10�cells/ml

Problemswithbroodstocksspawnersfromthewildandfromponds delayed the hatchery production. Still, in �005, the crabhatcheryproduced50,5��crablets(0.5-�cmcarapacewidth)ofkingcrabS. serrataand5,109crablets(1-1.5cm)ofS. olivacea.Many crablets were used for experiments and only the excesswere sold. The crablets were sold at lower than the prevailingmarket price under an agreement that the buyers will provideAQD informationon theperformanceof the crabs ingrow-outandalsolatergiveAQDbroodstockforfree.

Cost-effective culture, harvesting, and preservation of green microalgae for crab and fish seed productionTwofreshwatermicroalgae,Chlorella vulgarisandC. sorokiniana,andtwoseawatermicroalgae,Nannochlorumsp.andChlorellasp.,werepropagatedbybatchcultureandconcentratedbyelectrolyticand chemical (1N NaOH) flocculation techniques. Freshwatermicroalgaearemorestableinculturethantheseawaterspecies.Theflocculatedalgaewerefedtorotifers,butrotiferpopulationsdid not increase, perhaps due to the difficulty in digesting themicroalgaeorduetostresssincerotiferswerestarved��hoursbeforetheexperiment.ThefreshwaterspeciesC. vulgarisresultedinbettersurvivaloftherotifers.

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Scylla crablets (1 cm carapace width) produced at the AQD hatchery


Rearing tanks for mud crab larvae at the AQD hatchery

Trainees at the Crab Hatchery, September 2005

AQD technology for mud crab farming in Zamboanga Sibugay

AQDresearchersvisitedamudcrabpenprojectinAlicia,Zamboanga Sibugay on 1�-15 March �005. Alicia is acoastal municipality along the �,500 ha Tantanang Bay,whichissharedby16villages,75%ofwhosepopulationdependsonthebay(fish,shells,seaweeds)forlivelihood.The federation NAGMMATABA (NagkahiusangMangingisda ug Mag-uuma sa Tantanang Bay) wasorganizedin199�bytheAliciamunicipalgovernmenttocurbillegalfishingandprotecttheenvironment.Atpresent,NAGMMATABAhas10community-basedorganizationsorcooperatives, twowithMuslimmembers;halfof��5membersarefishers. AliciaFisheryTechnicianCristitutoBatonghinogwasamongtheMindanaoparticipantsduringthe1999trainingcourseonMarineFishCageCultureatSEAFDEC/AQD.Thesameyear,CristitutowasawardedanAQDfellowshipto join the training course on Sustainable Aquacultureand Coastal Resource Management. He had the chancetoobserveSEAFDEC/AQD’sexperimental crabpens inthe mangroves of Ibajay, Aklan. His training providedthe inputs for a project proposal on mud crab farminginmangrovepens thatwassubmitted tovariousfundingagencies. In�00�, theprovincialgovernmentobtainedagrantfromtheDepartmentofScienceandTechnologyandthepenswereoperationalthenextyear.

Cristituto Batonghinog and one of the mudcrab-mangrove pens in Alicia, Zamboanga Sibugay, March 2005

1� SEAFDEC Aquacul ture Department

AQD works with the European Union

�005 was the last year of the European CommissionProjectonCultureandManagementofScyllaspp.,a�-yearcollaborationamongtwoEuropeanandtwoSoutheastAsianpartner institutions: the University of Wales-Bangor in theUK,theUniversityofGentinBelgium,CanThoUniversityinVietnam,andtheSEAFDECAquacultureDepartmentinthePhilippines.LewisLeVayoftheUniversityofWales-Bangorwas the Project Coordinator and Jurgenne Primavera ofSEAFDEC/AQDwastheProjectLeaderforthePhilippines.The AQD mud crab team also included ET Quinitio, FPEstepa,CRLavilla-Pitogo,MERodriguez,JHLebata,JdePedro,DCatedral,JBiñas,QGanon,LGustilo,VAlava,andGSamonte-Tan.SeveralEuropeanstudentsdidpartsoftheirtheseswiththeScyllaProjectatAQDandinVietnam. TheScyllaProjectwasfundedbytheEuropeanUnion,whoseoverarchingprincipleofdevelopmentcooperationistosupportanddevelopsustainablebenefitsforstakeholdersindevelopingcountrieswithoutcontributingtodegradationof the natural environment. The Scylla Project supportedconservation and protection of fisheries resources andbiodiversity through development of farming technologiesfor mud crabs in coastal waters, and through mud crabstockenhancement integratedwithmangroveconservationand rehabilitation. One set of studies sought to improvethereliabilityandeconomicviabilityofmudcrabhatcheryandnursery systems.Another set of studiesdealtwith thefisheriesbiologyofScyllaspecies,crab-silviculturesystems,and stock enhancement—tagging and release of hatchery-rearedjuvenilesintomangrovehabitats. An InternationalWorkshop on Culture, Fisheries, andStock Enhancement of Portunid Crabs was held in IloiloCity,Philippineson�0-��January�005andwasattendedby 57 participants from 11 countries. Dr. Cornelia Nauen,theEuropeanCommission’sPrincipalScientificOfficerforInternational Scientific Cooperation and Research gracedtheworkshop.Dr.PatrickSorgeloos,AQD’sfriendovertheyears,chairedoneofthesessionsandwashonoredwithDr.NauenatadinnerhostedbyAQDChiefRRPlaton. TheProjectmembersalsometforaresearchevaluationworkshopinNhaTrang,VietnaminNovember�005.AreportonAQD’s research resultsappeared in theJuly-September�005issueoftheSEAFDEC Newsletter.

Participants of the International Workshop on Culture, Fisheries, and Stock Enhancement of Portunid Crabs, Iloilo City, Philippines, 20-22 Jan 2005

Reproduction in females fed diets with various lipid levelsAdultScylla serratawerefeddietswith10,1�,or1�%lipid(as%dryweight,withsquidoilandsoybeanlecithinaslipidsources)withorwithoutnaturalfood(mussel,squid,orfish).Theperiodfrom ablation to spawning (��-56 days) and the period fromspawning to hatching (10-1� days) did not vary significantlyamong treatments.Thenumberof femaleswhoseeggshatchedtozoeaewashigher incrabs fednatural foodwithandwithoutthedrydietsthaninthosefeddrydietsonly.Repeatedspawningoccurredinallcrabsexceptthosefeddrydietswith10%and1�%lipid.

Normal ovarian tissue

Microbial populations in mud crab eggs and larvaeSpawnedeggsandlarvaeofScylla serrataandS. tranquebaricawere examined to determine buildup of bacteria, fungi,protozoans,andotherfoulingorganisms.Themicrobialpathogensandabnormalmanifestationsobservedinbroodstockandlarvaewerefungi,filamentousbacteria,protozoans(sessileandmotile),and shell disease. Infestations in larvae were clearly due toinfectedeggs.Tominimizemicrobialpopulationsinthehatchery,spawnersaredisinfectedwithformalinandnewlyhatchedlarvaearecarefullyrinsedbeforestockinginrearingtanks.

Lipids in the ovaries,hepatopancreas, andmuscles of broodstockand newly hatched zoeaeincreasedwithdietarylipidlevel, and were higher incrabsfedthedrydietsplusnaturalfood.Higherdietarylipid levels enhanced thelevels of free fatty acids,triacylglycerols,cholesterol+ d i a c y l g l y c e r i d e s ,phosphatidyl choline, andphosphatidylethanolamine+ phospha t idy l an i so l elevelsinzoeae,andallwerehigherincrabsfeddrydietsplusnaturalfood.Blackened(melanized) ovaries wereseen in broodstocks feddry diets without naturalfood. The lipid classesandessential fatty acids inzoeae improved after thebroodstock were fed bothnatural food and dry dietswith10-1�%lipid.

Melanized ovarian tissue

Heavily melanized ovarian tissue

AQD Highl ights 2005 1�

activity of probiotic bacteria strain C1 on mud crab larvaeA probiotic bacteria designated as strain C1 was found closelyassociated with the green microalga Nannochlorum. C1 wastestedonScylla serrata zoeaeovera16-dayperiodby feedingthem the rotiferBrachionus andbrine shrimpArtemia that hadincorporatedtheprobioticthroughimmersionin107cfu/mlofC1onehourbeforefeeding.ZoeaewerefedBrachionusatadensityof10-15ind/mlstartingonday0oftheexperiment,andArtemiaat1-5ind/mlstartingatlatezoea�.Halfoftheexperimentalsetupusedrearingwatertreatedwithantibioticandfungicide,andtheotherhalfhadnoantibioticor fungicideadded.Bacterialcountwasdoneontherearingwatereveryotherday,andthebacteriaassociatedwithzoeaeweredeterminedateverymolting.Survivalwasdetermineddaily. No fungal infectionwasobserved inall treatments.Atday10,thesurvivalwasnotsignificantlydifferentamongtreatments.At day 11, however, significantly higher survival was recordedin treatments with antibiotic than in treatments with C1.Thus,thebeneficialactivityofC1didnotsurpassthatofantibiotic.Forprobioticbacterial strainC1 topositively influence thesurvivaland bacterial flora of crab larval rearing systems, other meansof application (through colonized surfaces in rearing tanks,or biofiltration systems) are necessary to augment applicationthroughnaturalfood. Counts of total bacteria and Vibrio spp. associated withzoeaewerehigherinthosetreatedwithC1thaninthosewithoutit.However, in the rearingwater,both totalbacteriaandVibriospp. increased. In treatmentswherebothprobiotic bacteria andantibioticwereapplied,theprobioticbacterialpopulationintherearingwaterwasreducedbytwoordersofmagnitude.However,arelativelystableprobioticbacterialpopulationremainedassociatedwiththelarvaestartingatzoea�despitetheantibiotic.

Fungal infection and controlCrabshaveseriousproblemswithfungiduetothelongperiodofeggincubationwithintheabdominalflapmakingthemsusceptibletofungalcolonization.Rapidfungalzoosporeproductionensuresthecontinuousspreadofinfectionovertheeggmassandtothezoeae.Fungalinfectioninincubatingeggswasrecordedin79%of berried females from day � post-spawning. Fungi isolatedfrommudcrabeggsandlarvaeareeitherLagenidium-likevesicleformers and Sirolpidium-like non-vesicle formers. Comparativetestsweredoneontheeffectofbiocontrolbacteriaandformalinon vesicle formation and spore release of Lagenidium sp. andSirolpidium sp. Bacteria inhibited both processes after �� h,but10ppmformalindidsoafter1�h.Short-term(�0minto�h) exposure of hyphae to various salinities (0–�0 ppt) did notaffect viability, but 0–� ppt inhibited sporulation and release.The motility of released spores was not affected by biocontrolbacteria,butwascompletelyinhibitedby10ppmformalinand15pptsalinity.Thus,fungalinfectionmaybecontrolledbymeansoflowsalinityorlowdosesofformalin.

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in mud crabsDifferent stages of Scylla serrata showed a low incidence ofWSSV infection by one-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR)test,buthighincidencebythenestedPCRmethod.Bydefinitionbasedonshrimps,samplesareconsidereddiseasedduetoWSSViftheytestpositivebyonestepPCR.Theabsenceofmudcrabsamples that tested WSSV-positive by one-step PCR indicatesthatmudcrabsarenot susceptible toWSSVbutarecarriersofthedisease. Sincehighmortalityofwildcrabshasbeenreportedduringthecoldmonths(December–February),anexperimentwasdonetodetermine temperatureeffectsonWSSV infection rate.Crabjuvenilesweremaintainedat�0–��°Candat�7–�9°Cfor�6days.Survivalwas97%atbothtemperatureregimes,butcrabsexposedat�0–��°CconsistentlytestedWSSV-positivestartingonday15andcrabsat�7–�9°C testedpositiveonlyafter�5days.About�7%ofthecrabsmoltedat�7–�9°C,andonly17%at�0–��°C.Thus,mudcrabsaretoleranttoWSSVandtemperatureisnottheonlyfactorthatcausesmortality.

Extended crab nursery in net cages and pondsScylla serrata (�–5 grams, 1–�cm in internal carapace width)werenursedonemonthfurtherinearthenpondsorinnetcagesinsidepondsatstockingdensitiesof1,�,and5/m�.Growthandsurvival were not significantly different among the densitiestested.Survivalwashigherinnetcages(77±7%)thaninponds(�0±�%),butgrowthwashigherinearthenponds.Theharvestedcrabswere10–16gramsand�.�–�.�cmandwithinthesizerangepreferredbyfarmersforstockingingrow-outponds.

Wild versus hatchery-reared crabs in grow-outWild, hatchery-sourced, and mixed wild and hatchery-sourcedjuvenilecrabs(�.7–�.6cmincarapacewidthinthefirstrun,and�.7–�.9cminsecondrun)werestockedat0.�/m�in�00m�ponds.After three months, survival (�1-��%) was not significantlydifferentamongthethreegroups,butwild-sourcedjuvenilesweresignificantlylargerandmoreaggressive.

Preparing a nursery pond for mud crab


Geography and hydrology of Ibajay mangrovesSeveral Filipino and European graduate students conductedresearch to characterize the Naisud–Bugtong Bato mangrovesin Ibajay,Aklan. Mangrove community structure was analyzedin �7 quadrats (10 m x 10 m) on both sides of Naisud River.TheNaisud–BugtongBatomangroveshas�7of the��speciesof mangroves documented in Panay; Bruguiera parviflora wasfoundforthefirsttimeduringasamplingtripinJune�005.Theelevationoftheriverbottomwasdeterminedatdifferentpoints.Themainbranchoftheriverwasfoundtobebasin-likeat1–1.5km from the mouth.Tidal levels were measured at 1� stationsduring the highest high tide of the year on �� July �005; thehighest tidewas�.�minwaterdepth.AmapwasgeneratedoftheNaisud–BugtongBatomangroves—itshowssettlementareas,pondareas,andmangroveareasdominatedbyparticularspeciessuchasAvicenniaandCeriops.One-thirdofthemangroveareasadecadeagoisnowNypaplantation.

Stock enhancement of mud crabs in Ibajay, aklanAtotalof5,601mudcrabswerecodedwithmicrowiretagsandreleased in batches between May �00� and September �005.Theseincluded1�batchesofwildScylla olivacea(n=1,7�9)andseveral batches of hatchery-reared crabs, which were releasedunconditionedfromthehatcheryorconditionedfor1-�monthsin ponds before release. Unconditioned S. serrata (n=1,��)

were released insevenbatches,andS. tranquebarica (n=9�) inonebatch.ConditionedS. serrata(n=1,�06)werereleasedinfivebatches,S. olivacea(n=��1)intwobatches,andS. tranquebarica(n=��9)inonebatch.RecaptureoftaggedS. olivaceawas5�%among wild crabs and �9% among hatchery-reared crabs. ForbothS. serrataandS. tranquebarica,recapturerateswerehigheramong conditioned crabs (�9% and �7%) than unconditionedcrabs (1�%and1%).Overall, the recapture rates reflectedhighsurvival and low dispersal of crabs and capacity of the Ibajaymangrovestoholdhighercrabpopulations.

Mud crab farming in mangrove pensWild juveniles of Scylla serrata (average size �� grams and5cm)werestockedat79-�0permangrovepenandfeddifferentdiets.Crabsfedfishplusformulateddietgrewbest.Inaseparateexperiment, S. serrata juveniles (�6g, 5cm) from the hatcherywere stocked in two batches at �1-�� per mangrove pen (area167m�) in Napti, Batan and grown for three months. Thesehatchery-sourced crabs grew slower and survived less than thewild crabs in an earlier run.Thus hatchery-sourced crabs mustfirst be reared in nursery ponds before grow-out in mangrovepens.Topreventescapeofjuvenilecrabs,canalstoretainwaterduringlowtideshouldbebuiltatthecenterofthepen,ratherthanalongtheperimeternets.

Map of the Naisud–Bugtong Bato mangroves where stock enhancement procedures and techniques were worked out for mud crabs


Shrimp broodstock facility breaks ground

Speaker Jose de Venecia graced the groundbreakingceremonyon15 July for abiosecure shrimpbroodstockfacilitynexttotheenclosedwetlaboratoriesatTigbauanMainStation.Thenewfacilitywillhaveanetwaterareaof10,000m�andconsistofonegrow-outpondandeightcompartmentsthatcanholdeightseparateshrimpfamilylines. AQDhasembarkedonanR&DprogramtocompletelydomesticatethesugpoortigershrimpPenaeus monodoninordertobeabletoproducehealthypostlarvaeasneeded.Although advanced grow-out technologies are availableforthetigershrimp,hatcheriesstilldependonbroodstockfromthewild.Wildspawnersarenowhardertofind,moreexpensive,andoftenharbordiseasesthatcauseheavyoreven total mortality of farmed shrimps. AQD hopes tosolvethisshortageofhealthybroodstock. Thenewshrimpdomesticationprogramwasexplainedto Speaker Jose De Venecia byAQD Chief RR Platon,ResearchDivisionHeadWGYap,andProgramLeaderETQuinitio.SpeakerDeVeneciapledgedP10Millionfortheconstructionofthenewshrimpbroodstockfacility.

AQD breaks ground for the shrimp broodstock facility, 15 July

Hatchery-reared postlarvae of Penaeus indicus

Shrimp Domestication

Thisnewprogramintendstoproducepond-rearedbroodstocksof Penaeus monodon and P. indicus selected for desirable

characteristics,particularlydisease resistance.Along theway,aprotocolwillbedevelopedforproducingspawnersthatarefreeofwhitespotsyndromevirus(WSSV).Tworesearchstudieswereconductedin�005.

Improvement of maturation of pond-reared Penaeus monodon broodstockMarket-size Penaeus monodon (�0-50g body weight) wereobtained from ponds in Sta. Clara, Banago, Bacolod City andgrown tobroodstocksize (�0-100g).The��maleswere��.6gand�.�cmincarapacelengthandthe��femaleswere�6.5gand�.�cm.Randomlysampledshrimpswereanalyzedandfoundtobenegativeforwhitespotsyndromevirusandtaurasyndromevirus.Males were stocked separately from females in �0-ton outdoorconcrete tankswith sandbottom.After��days, thepopulationdecreased to �� males (��.�g, �.1cm) and �� females (5�.7g,�.5cm).Theseshrimpswill laterbeallowedtomatewithotherfamilies.

Refinement of broodstock management and larval rearing of Penaeus indicus and P. merguiensisSpawners (6.� to 16.� grams body weight) of Penaeus indicuswereobtainedfromthewildinHimamaylan,NegrosOccidental.All 17 of them spawned, but only eight produced viable eggs.Aspawnerproducedfrom�,000to�0,000nauplii.Naupliifromonespawnerweredividedintotwogroups—onewasrearedwith�ppmoxytetracyclineaddedandtheotherwith1ppmBiodreamprobiotic. Faster growth was observed in larvae reared withoxytetracycline.Postlarvaefromdifferentfemaleswerestockedseparatelyin10-tonconcretetanks. Six Penaeus merguiensis spawners were obtained fromthewild inNegrosOccidental.From the spawnwereproduced1,500PL�0(�0mgbodyweight)andstockedina�0-tonoutdoorconcretetankwithsandbottom.Theshrimpsgrewto�00mginonemonthand to�.7�gramsafter twomonths.These shrimpswillberaisedasbroodstockandwillbematedwithotherfamiliesasthestartofthebreedingprogram.SpawnersofP. merguiensisarequitedifficulttofindinthewildandcaptivebroodstocksarenecessaryforresearchandhatcherywork.


Fishhatcheriesareveryimportantforsustainableaquaculture,andproductionofqualityseedstockhasalwaysbeenananchor

program of AQD. Work at the marine fish hatchery producedseedstockofvariousspeciesforverificationstudiesatAQDandfor grow-out by the private sector.Two research projects wereconducted by scientists from the Japan International ResearchCenterforAgriculturalSciences(JIRCAS).

Insulin-likegrowthfactorII(IGF-II)asmolecularmarkersforeggqualityinfishandmudcrabTechnologyrefinementandpilotscaleoperationofmulti-speciesmarinefishhatcheryReproductiveandlarvalperformanceofrabbitfishPathogenesisandcontrolofsubclinicalinfectionofviralnervousnecrosisinbroodstockofgrouperTrainingcourse:MarineFishHatcheryandNursery,�May–16Jun�005On-the-jobtraininginmarinefishhatchery

Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) as molecular markers for egg quality in fish and mud crabFrom February to December �005, there were �� spawningsgrouper, �7 of milkfish, and �7 of rabbitfish. Nine batches ofgrouper,15batchesofmilkfish,and16batchesofrabbitfishwereprocessedforRNAextraction,DNAsetreatment,andfirststrandcDNAsynthesis.Abatchconsistedofsinkingeggs,fertilizedeggs(early embryos), late (C-shaped) embryos, and hatched larvae.Ofthefertilizedeggs,�9-97%ofgroupereggswere‘goodeggs’andreachedtheC-embryostage.Sodid7�-99%ofmilkfishand70-99%ofrabbitfisheggs.Ofthe‘goodeggs’,5�-99%hatchedin grouper, 5�-99% in milkfish, and ��-99% in rabbitfish. Inaddition,mudcrabeggswerecollectedfromnineScyllaolivaceaandsevenScylla serrata�-�daysafterspawning.Onesampleofday0crabzoeaewasalsoobtained.IGF-IIforwardandreverseprimersforquantitativepolymerasechainreactionweredesignedbasedonthehomologousnucleotidesequencesofrabbitfishandgrouper.

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AQD Marine Fish Hatchery

Tiger grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatusNaturalspawningoccurredduringthenewmooninJanuary,June, July, September, November, and December. HighesteggcollectionwasinJuly(�0million).Atotalof1�7millioneggs were spawned and 9� million were good eggs. Eggsandnewlyhatchedlarvaeweresold to theISDAHatcheryinBotong,OtonandECGAquacultureEnterprisesinNewWashington,Aklan.Demandfortigergrouperseedincreasedthis year. Further testing and refinement were made onhatchingandincubationtechniques,larvalrearingprotocol,egg and larval shipment, and transport of early juveniles(called‘tiny’intheindustry).Nurserytechniquesfor‘tiny’inbrackishwaterpondsarenowbeingdeveloped.

Milkfish Chanos chanosProductionofmilkfisheggsattheIntegratedFishBroodstockHatcheryComplexwasonly66millionthisyear.However,duetohighersurvivaloflarvaeintarpaulintanks(�0-6�%atday�1),fryproductionincreased.ThesellingpricewaspeggedatP�50per1000fry.TotalsalesofmilkfishlarvaeandfrywasP�97,�10.

Sea bass Lates calcariferLackofmaleshamperedseabassseedproduction.SuccessfulinducedspawningwasdonetwiceinJuneandJuly.Atotalof700,000goodeggsproduced�51,000normallarvae.Afterday 15-�0, some �1�,000 postlarvae were sold to nurseryoperators.

Orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioidesThe broodstocks spawned five times this year, but eggproductionwas low, thepercentageofbadeggswashigh,hatching was low, and the hatchery-reared juveniles wereturnedovertoFishHealthforfurtherstudiesonviralnervousnecrosis.

Orange-spotted rabbitfish Siganus guttatusMarketforthisspeciesisbeingdeveloped.Salinitytolerancetest showed that this speciescan surviveat salinities fromsea water down to 5ppt. Juveniles shipped to Negros had99%survivaluponarrival.

Production/Income:Totalsalesofmarinefishseedstockin�005wasP�09,�65.

Marine Fish Seed Production

Smaller rearing tanks resulted in higher survival of milkfish larvae


SEAFDEC-JIRCAS Collaboration

The Japan International Research Center for AgriculturalSciences,basedinTsukubaCity,collaboratedwithSEAFDEContheproject,Studies on sustainable production systems of aquatic animals in brackish mangrove areas. JIRCAS’Dr.HiroshiOgataandDr.IkunariKiryuworkedatAQDinIloilo,Philippines,todeterminetheeffectsofessentialfattyacidson tropical marine fishes, and to understand viral nervousnecrosisingroupers. Through JIRCAS’ Counterpart Researcher InvitationProgram, AQD’s Denny Chavez and Esteban GaribayworkedwithDr.OgatainTsukubaseveraltimesin�005todeterminethefattyacidcompositionofplanktonandtropicalmarinefish.UndertheAdministrators’StudyTourProgram,AQDChiefRRPlatonandTrainingandInformationHeadTU Bagarinao visited Japan from 1� to �0 March, andlearned,amongother things, that theJapanesegovernmentseeks to develop a Penaeus vannamei farming industry toboost thelocalshrimpsupplyfromtheindigenouskurumashrimpP. japonicus.

Fatty acid composition of zooplankton used in marine hatcheries in the PhilippinesRotifersgrownwithNannochlorumwereharvestedand fed theartificialdietCultureSelco(INVE,Belgium).After��hours,therotiferswereenrichedwithDHAProteinSelco(INVE,Belgium)plus0,1,�.5,and5%arachidonicacid,accordingtothestandardenrichmentprotocolusedatAQD.Samplesofmixedzooplanktonwith and without detritus were collected by plankton samplerfrom the mangrove area nearAQD’s Dumangas BrackishwaterStation.SamplesofthecladoceranMoinawerecollectedfromafreshwaterpool,andcopepodsfromabrackishwaternurserypondinOton, Iloilo.Thesampleswere freeze-dried,storedat–�0°Candanalyzedforlong-chaineicosapentanoicacid(EPA,�0:5w�),docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, ��:6w�), and more recently,arachidonicacid(ArA,�0:�w6). RotifersfedwithNannochlorumhadhighArAandEPAbutnoDHA.DHA increasedupon feedingwithCultureSelco andenrichment with DHA Protein Selco.ArA and EPA in rotifersfed Culture Selco were higher than in those fed DHA ProteinSelco. Zooplankton from mangrove areas contained DHA, butdetritusdidnot.CopepodsfrombrackishwaterpondsandMoinafrom freshwater pools both contained ArA and EPA at higherpercentagesthanDHA.CopepodsandMoinaalsohadhigherArAandEPAlevels,butlowerDHA/EPAandDHA/ArAratiosthanthemixedzooplankton.

JIRCAS’ distinctive red buildings in Tsukuba, March 2005

AQD’s DR Chavez with JIRCAS President Mutsuo Iwamoto, Dr. Koji Nakamura, and Dr.Hiroshi Ogata in Tsukuba

H Furuita and ES Garibay work together at the National Research Institute for Aquaculture in Mie, Japan

Dr. Okuzawa, Dr. Kiryu, and ES Garibay show AQD’s hatcheries to Dr. Nguyen Thanh Phuong, Dean of the College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Vietnam, Dr. Satoru Miyata, JIRCAS Southeast Asia Representative, Dr. Nobuaki Arai, Associate Professor at Kyoto University


Aquaculture contributes significantly to food production,incomes,andjobsincoastalcommunitiesinSoutheastAsia.

Apersistentconstraintinaquaculturedevelopmentisthesupplyofgood-qualityseed(called‘fry’intheindustry)inquantityattherighttime.Thefryoftropicalmarinefishesusedinaquaculturestillcomemostlyfromthewild.Hatcheriesareexpectedtoprovideastablefrysupplyforfarmers,butseedproductionisoftenhighlyvariableduetopoorfecundityandlowsurvival.Duringtheperiod�00�–�005, SEAFDEC/AQD and JIRCAS (Japan InternationalResearch Center for Agricultural Sciences) Fisheries Divisionhave collaborated on studies aimed at developing advanceddietstoimprovethequalityandproductionofeggs,larvae,andseedstockfortropicalmarinefishes.

ara is a major fatty acid in tropical marine fishesThemassproductionofmarinefishfryusedinaquacultureandaquaranchinghasprogressedremarkablyduetothediscoveryofthe dietary importance to marine fish of eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and the establishmentof technologies for EPA/DHA-enriched feeds. Most studieson essential fatty acids in relation to fry production have beenfocused on EPA and DHA and little attention has been paid toarachidonicacid(ArA).ArAisfoundinonlysmallquantitiesincold-water and temperate-water fish and has been presumed tobeunimportantItwasapleasantsurprisetofindintermediateorhighArAandrelativelylowEPAintheovaries,eggs,andfryofmangroveredsnapperLutjanus argentimaculatus.

Later sampling showed similarly high levels of ArA inmuscle,liver,ovary,andtestesofothertropicalmarinefishesfrommangroveareasorcoral reefs in thePhilippines,Malaysia,andIshigaki,Japan.Thus,ArAisamajorfattyacidwidelydistributedintropicalmarinefishesandlikelyimportanttoreproductionandlarvalsurvivalandgrowth. The potential value of ArA has not been applied to fryproduction technologies for tropical and subtropical fishes. Westudied the effects of dietary ArA on reproductive and larvalperformance in mangrove red snapper (a carnivore) and in theorange-spotted rabbitfish Siganus guttatus (a herbivore). Weconclude that adding arachidonic acid to broodstock diets orlarval feeds improves seed production tremendously. Improvedhatcheryproductionofseedstockcanhelpaquaculturetakeoffinthedevelopingtropicalcountries.

Feeding broodstocks ara-enriched dietsFromMarchtoOctober�00�,mangroveredsnapperbroodstockwerefedoneofthreedietssupplementedwitheither6%soybeanoil(diet1),�%soybeanoil+�%squidoil(diet�),or�%soybeanoil + �.5% tuna oil + 0.5%ArA (diet �).Total egg production(9.� million) and total number of spawns (11) were highest inbroodstock fed diet �. Diet 1 produced �.� million eggs in sixspawns, whereas diet � resulted in �.6 million eggs in eightspawns. Mean egg viability, hatching rate, egg diameter, totallengthofnewlyhatchedlarvae,andsurvivalweresimilaramongthe diets. However, diet � increased the percentage of normallarvae and the cumulative survival tomore than twice those indiets1and�.TheresultsclearlyshowedtheimportanceofdietaryArAtoreproductionofmangroveredsnapper.

arachidonic acid improves seed production for tropical marine fishesHY Ogata, DR Chavez, ES Garibay, A Suloma, H Furuita, AC Emata

ArA/EPA ratios in the muscle of coldwater, temperate, and tropical fishes

ArA, EPA, and DHA (as % total fatty acids) in the ovaries of coral reef fishes

Percent normal larvae, survival index, and cumulative % survival of larvae from broodstock of mangrove red snapper fed three diets (diet 3 had 0.5% ArA)


From July to December �00�, rabbitfish broodstock weregivendietssupplementedwith0.75%,1.5%ornoArA.Thedietwith0.75%ArAincreasedtheeggproductionandnormallarvae,but that with 1.5% ArA aborted embryo development. FromMarch�005toJanuary�006,anotherfeedingtestwasconductedusingdietswithfishmeal,soybeanmeal,Acetes,andsquidmealas the protein sources and wheat flour and corn starch as thecarbohydratesources.Thebasaldiethad1%soybeanoil+6%squidoil+�%codoil(diet1).Thesoybeanoilwasreplacedwith0.�%ArAindiet�or0.6%ArAindiet�. Thebroodstock(sixpairs)spawned1�timesondiet1,fivepairsspawned1�timesondiet�,andsixpairsspawned17timesondiet�.Thetotalhatchedlarvaewere�.�millionondiet1,�.�millionondiet�,and�.6millionondiet�.Thepercentagenormallarvaedidnotdifferamongdiets.Given theresults forsnapperandrabbitfish,theoptimumArAlevelmaybebetween0.5%and0.7%ofthedryweightofthebroodstockdiet.

Feeding larvae ara-enriched rotifers and brine shrimpRotifersBrachionussp.werefedthedietDHAPS(ProteinSelcohigh inDHA)withgradedlevelsofArA(0—�0%).ArAlevelsincreased in both rotifers and culture media. Surprisingly, EPAandDHAlevels in therotifersdecreasedas theamountofArAincreased—thisresultsuggeststhatArAdepressestheabsorptionoraccumulationofEPAandDHAinrotifers.Thus,theoptimumlevelofArAsupplementationis5%inDHAPS. Larvalrearingtestswereconductedtoinvestigatetheeffectsof ArA-enriched rotifers (� trials) and Artemia (� trials) onsurvival and growth of rabbitfish larvae. Enrichment was doneforfourtreatments:CultureSelco(CS,whichislowinDHA),CS+5%ArA,DHAPS,andDHAPS+5%ArA.LarvaefedrotifersorArtemia enrichedwithDHAPS+5%ArAalways showed thebest survival. Growth was not different among the enrichmenttreatments. Fatty acid analysis indicated that DHA and ArA must beaddedtolarvaldietsatthesametimetomaketheDHA/ArAratiooptimumforthelarvae.

Dr. I. Kiryu speaks at a JIRCAS Workshop about his research at AQD

Pathogenesis and control of viral nervous necrosis in broodstock of grouper

I Kiryu

An experiment examined the distribution of the viralnervous necrosis betanodavirus in orange-spotted grouperEpinephelus coioides with no clinical signs. More fishwereexaminedforvirusdistributioninthetissues:��wildjuvenileswereeachsampledforfivedifferentorgans.Sevenfish about 1 gram in body weight were obtained from asupplierinRoxasCityand15fish(5-�0grams)fromAlabel,Sarangani.TwoofsevenfishfromRoxasCityand1of15fishfromAlabelwerepositiveforVNNbypolymerasechainreactionassay.Thehighestdetectionrateofthevirusamongtheorganswasinthebrain.However,thevirusgenewasalsoamplifiedfromorgansotherthanthecentralnervoussystem.Theseresultsthisyearsupporttheconclusionlastyear—thevirusislatentintheCNSofsubclinicallyinfectedfishandwhenthefishimmunesystemisweakened,thelatentvirusisreleasedtotheperipheralorgansincludingthegonads.Thismechanismcanleadtoverticaltransmissionofinfection.Forhatchery operations, it is essential to use broodstocks freeofbetanodavirus.Toscreenthebroodstocks,non-destructivesamplingofthegillscanbedone. AnotherexperimentsoughttoestablishandevaluateaDNAvaccineforpreventionagainstVNN.TheDNAvaccineconstructwaspreparedasfollows: theopenreadingframeof the betanodavirus RNA � which is thought to producethe capsule of the virus was inserted into the plasmid ofcytomegalovirus. For comparison, the gene encoding theinfectious hematopoeitic necrosis virus (IHNV) G proteinwaspreparedthesamewayasthatofthebetanodavirus.Itis known that the IHNV vaccine stimulates a nonspecificimmuneresponseinfish.ThisIHNVvaccineis thoughttobeeffectiveforVNN.Forthevaccinationexperiment,fourgroupsof1�-17groupers(5–�0gramseach)wereinjectedintramuscularlywith:betanodavirusDNAvaccine,IHNVGproteinDNAvaccine,combinationofbothDNAvaccines,orphosphatebufferedsaline.Thebetanodaviruschallengetestwascarriedoutonemonthaftervaccination,andtheefficacyof the vaccine was estimated by fish survival.The resultsoftheexperimentshowedtheefficacyofthebetanodavirusDNAvaccine.

DHAPS + 5% ArA improves survival of rabbitfish larvae to day 17

�0 SEAFDEC Aquacul ture Department

SEAFDEC/AQD collaborates with PBSP

ThePhilippineBusinessforSocialProgress(PBSP)SamarFieldOfficemaintains cages for several speciesofmarinefishesinMaquedaBay.Allthebroodstocksspawnedthisyearexcept the orange-spotted grouper, pompano, and trevally.SeabassjuvenileswereproducedandhandedovertootherPBSP-supportedprojectsinMaquedaBay. In �005, PBSP donated fish broodstocks to AQD:twomale seabass and�male and� female red snappers.However,�male snappersdieduponarrival atAQDafter15 hours of transport. PBSP Director for Operations, LeoDionisio Hilado signified the intention to donate morebroodstocktoAQD.Inexchangefor thebroodstock,AQDshippedmilkfishandrabbitfishseedstock(testtransport)toSamarFieldOffice.

PBSP’s fish cages in Maqueda Bay, Samar

PBSP’s fish hatchery

Harvest of juvenile tiger grouper from the AQD hatchery

AQD conducted the �1st Training Course on Marine FishHatcheryfrom�Mayto17June�005for15hatcheryowners,managers, technicians,andextensionworkersfromPhilippines,SaudiArabia,Iran,Singapore,andSriLanka.Thecourseincludedmostlyactualhatcherywork,butalsolectures,laboratorysessions,andfieldtrips.Thetraineeswereprovidedthetechnicalknowledgeandskillstospawnandrearthelarvaeofmarinefishes,includingmilkfish,seabass,grouper,snapper,andrabbitfish.Theylearnedhow toproducenatural foodorganisms for thefish larvae, andtomonitorwaterquality andfishhealth.Theyalsohad speciallecturesbyJapanesescientists.

MarFish trainees discuss hatchery procedures and assignments, June 2005

AQD Highl ights 2005 �1

AQD personnel at the Dumangas Brackishwater Stationand Igang Marine Station conducted several projects to

demonstratethetechnicalandeconomicfeasibilityofaquaculturetechnologiesforavarietyofcommodities.

Hatcheryofshrimpsandsalt-tolerantredtilapiaGrow-outofPenaeus indicusandP. monodonbytheenvironment-friendlymethodCommercializationofgrow-outofmudcrabScylla serratainpondsandmangrovepensGrow-outofhumpbackgrouperCromileptes altivelisinpondsandcagesGrow-outofgroupersEpinephelus spp.inpondsandcagesPovertyalleviationthroughaquaculture:increasingfoodandincomethroughsmall-scalefishfarming(AusAIDprojectimplementedbyAQDinCarles,Iloilo,Philippines)AquacultureconsultancyprojectinNgatpangState,PalauTrainingcourse:Environment-FriendlyShrimpFarming,for�Saudinationals,19Jul–15Aug�005On-the-jobtraininginshrimpfarminginpondsOn-the-jobtraininginfishfarmingincages

Grow-out of tiger shrimp by the SEaFdEC/aqd environment-friendly methodA0.��hapondwasstockedwithtigershrimpPenaeus monodonat�5postlarvae/m�on15July�005totestacommercialprobiotic.Waterqualitywasmonitoreddailyandmaintainedat rangesof�.�-5.�mg/l dissolved oxygen, 17-�1ppt salinity, 1�0-1�0cmwater depth, �5-50cm water transparency, and ��-��°C watertemperature. Ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, luminous bacteria, andphytoplanktonwerealsomonitoredandkeptatsafelevels.After109days,atotalof�,01�kgofshrimpswasharvested.Averagebodyweightwas19gramsandsurvivalwas7�%.TotalsaleswasP57�,7�1 at the averagepriceofP19�/kg.The farmgatepricewas low because the harvested stocks had to be transported toprocessorsandbuyersinManilaandBohol.SomeoftheharvestwassoldtoAQDstaff.

Grow-out of white shrimp by the SEaFdEC/aqd environment-friendly methodA0.�hapondwas stockedon15 July�005withwhite shrimpPenaeus indicus larvae (PL16)producedat theTVCDhatcheryat Tigbauan Main Station. The environment-friendly methodoffarmingP. monodonwasused.Waterdepthwaskeptat110-1�0cm, transparency at �5-50cm, salinity at 17-�1ppt, watertemperature at ��-��°C, and dissolved oxygen at �.�-5.�mg/l.Theaveragebodyweightwas9gramsafter75daysandsurvivalwas�0%.Partialharvestsweredonebythebitinanandpasulangmethodswhenever therewasdemandandthemarketpricewashigh.

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Saudis train at AQD

ThreetechniciansfromtheNationalPrawnCompany(NPC)inAl Lith, Kingdom of SaudiArabia came toAQD for aspecial training course on Environment-Friendly ShrimpFarmingfrom19July to16August�005.TheNPCis thelargestshrimp-producingcompanyin theMiddleEast. Itsrapidexpansionhas increasedtheneedformoreSaudis tobe involved in the NPC work force.The NPC recognizedAQD’scapabilitytofillthegapinthetrainingoftechnicians,focusingonthebasicscienceofaquaculture. TheSaudisexpressedappreciationforthelecturesandlaboratorysessionstheyhad,butexplainedthattheNPCfarmis so advanced in terms of facilities, technologies, inputs,andharveststhattheyfoundithardtorelatetothepilot-scalefarmatAQDDumangas.AQDChiefRRPlatonexplainedthatAQD’sshrimpfarmingtechnologiesarescaleddowntosuitthefinancialandinstitutionalcapabilitiesofdevelopingcountriesinsoutheastAsia.

The three Saudis learn microbiological techniques, among other skills

Technology Verification and Commercialization

Commercial production of shrimp postlarvaePenaeus monodonandP. indicuspostlarvaewereproducedinsix10-ton tanks in the TVCD hatchery at Tigbauan Main Station.Thepostlarvaewereused forcommercial-scalegrow-outat theDumangasBrackishwaterStationandtheexcessweresoldtotheprivatesector.

�� SEAFDEC Aquacul ture Department

Grow-out of mud crab in brackishwater pondsCrablets of Scylla serrata (average weight �5 grams) weresourcedfromthewildinCapizandstockedon��June�005ina1,�00m�pondenclosedbynetsatDBS.Stockingdensitywas1/m�.Stockswerefedwithchopped‘trash’fish,watersnakes,and animal entrails andhides at amounts adjustedbimonthlyaccordingtocrabbiomass.Waterqualitywasmonitoreddaily.Averagecrabweightswere�0gramsafter15days,1�7gafter�0d, �51g after 60d, �05g after 90d, and 56�g after 1�0d.Partial harvests started on the second week of October andcrabs were sold to buyers from Roxas City and Dumangas.From�1.7kgofcrabspartiallyharvested,saleswasP6,117by�1December.

Commercialization of grow-out of mud crab in pondsTwo grow-out ponds in Capiz with areas of �9��m� and�0��m�werestockedon�7Jun�005withcrabletsofScylla serrata at 1/m�.Water depth ranged70-100cm, transparency�0-�5cm, and salinity range 7-�5ppt. Crabs were fed ‘trash’fish.Stocksweresampledmonthly.After105days,thecrabsinthetwopondsweighed�55gramsonaverageandsurvivalwas70%.Harvestbybintolandpasulangmethodwasdoneduringspringtideperiodswhendemandandpriceweregood.Atotalof 691kgwasharvested from the twocompartments and thegrosssaleswasP1��,000(netincomeP�0,�06).

Grow-out of mud crab in mangrove pensSix net pens each ��m� in area and one with an area of1,5��m� were set up in the mangroves at the periphery ofDBS.ThepenswerestockedwithmudcrabsScylla serrataat1/m�inJuly,SeptemberandOctober�005.Thecrabswerefed‘trash’fishandwatersnakesat10%ofthebodyweightdaily,adjusted bimonthly. Water depth, salinity, and transparencyweremonitoredregularly.Averagebodyweightwas71gramsafter15days,101gafter�0d,197gafter60d,�09gafter90d,��gafter1�0d,and��gafter150d.Partialharvestingwasdoneregularly.Totalsalesasof�1DecemberwasP7,�70from�7.7kgofcrabspartiallyharvested.

Aquaculture consultancy in Palau

AQD forged a consultancy agreement with Ngatpang State,Palauanddispatchedan11-manaquacultureteamon�August�00� to verify seed availability in the wild, construct a 1�-hectare modular milkfish pond system, construct fish cages,and operate the built facilities to demonstrate technical,environmental,andeconomicviabilityofdifferentaquaculturetechnologies.A renewalof theAQDcontractwithNgatpangStatewassignedon�7June�005.

Grouper farming in cagesThegrouperstocksinthreefloatingcagesweresampledon19Mayandfound tohaveaveragebodyweightsof�6�grams,��grams,and��gramsafter1��daysofgrow-out.Thesegrouperswerefed‘trash’fisheveryotherdayat5%ofbodyweight. The younger groupers in a fourth cage were fed at�% of body weight per day and weighed �� grams after 6�days of grow-out. Several restaurant owners from Kororhavevisitedthecagesandhaveexpressedinteresttobuythegrouperslargerthan�50grams.ThegrouperswereharvestedwhentheGovernorofNgatpangvisited.Thesellingpriceofthelivegrouperswas$5for�50-gramfish.Deadgrouperssoldfor$1.50for thesamesize.Partialharvestingandmarketinghas been going on upon request. Five sets of aquaria weretransported from the Philippines and used to display livegrouperinselectedhotelsinKoror.

Mud crab farming in mangrove pensOn16April�005,astockof�,0��Scylla serratacrablets(about�cmincarapace length)were imported fromthePhilippinesinto Ngatpang. Of these crablets, �1� died during transport,500 were stocked in one compartment (area 500m�) of theNgatpang State Mangrove Pen Project, and the other 1,��werestockedinthreecompartmentsofaprivatelyownedcrabpeninOldNgatpang.ThecrabletswereweakuponarrivalinNgatpang,probablyduetoimproperpackingfortheplaneridefromthePhilippinestoKoror.Ofthe500crabletsstockedintheState-ownedcrabpen,1�1died.Thecrabletsthatrecoveredfrom the transport stress consumedabout 1kgof ’trash’fishdaily.Thecrabswerepartiallyharvestedoverseveralmonths,andsomewereservedduringNgatpangStateoccasions.Themud crab pens in the mangroves have been turned over toNgatpangStateforoperationandmanagement.

Fish pond constructionGateconstructionwasstartedon16MaywhenausedYanmarengine(�hp)wasprovidedbytheMaricultureDemonstrationCenterforusebytheAQDteam.ThemaingatewasfinishedbythesecondweekofJuneandthesecondarygatewasbuilt.Backfilling of soil in the partition dike of the sedimentationpond was delayed due to frequent rains in Ngatpang. PondinputspurchasedinthePhilippinesweretransportedbyvanon�Dec�005.Uponarrivalofinputs,thepondswillbepreparedforgrow-outofmilkfish.Mud crab pens in ponds, Dumangas Brackishwater Station

AQD Highl ights 2005 ��

Seed production of SEaFdEC/aqd saline-tolerant tilapiaAbout�00breedersoftheSEAFDEC/AQDsaline-toleranttilapiaOreochromisspp.(blackandred)werebroughtinfiveyearsagofromBinangonanFreshwaterStation.Six1�-toncirculartarpaulintanks at the TVCD Hatchery at TMS have been continuouslyused for seed production. The seedstocks have been used asbiomanipulatorsincommercialshrimpfarmingatDBSandsomeprivatefarms.Atotalof�5,000juveniletilapiawereproducedin�005.

Grow-out of milkfish in brackishwater pondsAt Dumangas Brackishwater Station, milkfish production runsweredoneinfour1,000m�nurseryponds,one5000m�transitionpond,two�000m�andone6900m�grow-outponds.Hatchery-rearedmilkfishfryfromTMSwerestockedinthepondsinJune�005.From�15kgofmilkfishharvestedon�1-�5October,totalsaleswasP16,67�.

Grow-out of grouper Epinephelus spp. in pondsAt Dumangas Brackishwater Station, a pond with an area of9,0�7m�waspreparedtogrownaturalfood.Tilapialarvaewerestockedtogrowandserveasfoodforthegrouperseedstocktobereleased.Insidethepondwereinstalled��netcages(1x1x1.5m)andtwonetcages(5x5x1.5m)forsize-gradingofstocks.Juvenilegrouper(1cmlong,called‘tiny’)purchasedfromMindorowerestockedinthenurserynetsat0.5/m�on10October�005.Theywere fed Acetes shrimps.The seedstock was released from thenurserynetsafter15dayswhentheywerealready�.5cmlong.Waterqualityinthegrow-outpondwascarefullymonitored.Thegrouperswerefed’trash’fishinadditiontothelivetilapia.Stocksamplingwasdoneevery15days.After91daysofgrow-out,theaverageweightofthegrouperswas�76grams,totalbiomasswas1�0.�kg,andsurvivalwas70%.

Grow-out of humpback grouper in pondsAt Dumangas Brackishwater Station, two 5�0m� ponds werepreparedforgrow-outofthecoraltroutPlectropomus leopardusbutseedwasnotavailable.SeedstockofthehumpbackgrouperCromileptes altivelis was ordered from Gondol BrackishwaterAquaculture Center, Indonesia, through theAquaSur Hatchery.For sorting and grading of the grouper seedstock, four nurserynets (5x5xl.5m) were installed inside the pond by means ofbambooframeworkwithcatwalk.Tilapialarvaewerestockedinthepondtoserveasinitialandsupplementalnaturalfoodforthehumpbackgrouper.

Grow-out of humpback grouper in floating net cagesAtIgangMarineStation, twofloatingcages (5x5x�.5m)wereprepared for grow-out of the humpback grouper Cromileptes altivelisorderedfromGondol,Indonesia,andnursedintheDBSponds.

Nursery of groupers in floating net cagesAt Igang Marine Station, two floating cages (5x5x�m) wereusedasnurseryandsize-gradingfacilityforgrouperEpinephelusseed(juveniles1cmlong,called‘tiny’)stockedinbatchesfrom10Augustto6September�005.About�,000grouperseedfromthewild(purchasedinCapiz)and56�hatchery-rearedseedfromTMSwerestockedinthenurserycageat75/m�.A�5-wattlightbulbwasinstalledaboveeachcageandswitchedonatnight toattractnaturalfood(copepods,mysids,andfishlarvae).Thefishwerefedtosatiation5xdailybetween0600hand1�00h.Feedingwasreducedto1�%ofbiomassdailyafter1.5monthsanddownto5%aday.Thefishweregrownto50gramsthentransferredtogrow-outcages.

Stocking grouper in floating cages in Palau Grow-out cages for grouper with nursery cages on the side, Igang Station


AQD turns over grouper cages to MACABATA

TheAustralianAgencyforInternationalDevelopmentinitiallyfunded the project Poverty alleviation through aquaculture:increasing food and income through small-scale fishfarming for a beneficiary fisher association (MACABATA-ARM: Manlot-Cabilao-Bancal-Tarong Association for theRehabilitationofMangroves, Inc.) comprising eightfishingbarangaysinCarles,Iloilo,Philippines. After site suitability was assessed, �0 fish cages(5x5x�m)weresetupoffManlotIslandinOctober�00�andstockedwith5-10gramjuvenilegroupers(fromCagay,Capiz)inDecember�00�.Eachbarangaywasallottedtwofishcagestooperate.Totransferthegroupercagefarmingtechnologytotheassociation,twotraineesfromeachbarangayworkeddaytodayatthecagesundertheguidanceoftheAQDtechnician.Thebeneficiariesweretrainedintheproductiontechnology,includingsourcingofqualityseedstockandmarketing. After March �005, AQD continued the project afterAusAID. AQD shouldered all expenses and helped thebarangaysrunthefarmuntilthestockswereharvestedon�1-�5Sep�005.Thetotalharvestwas1,�7�kgandgrosssaleswasP�7�,905.Survivalwas�7%andfoodconversionwas5.�kg’trash’fishto1kggrouper.Alltheincomefromthesaleofthegroupers,lesstheoperatingexpensesadvancedbyAQD,wasgiventoMACABATA—abalanceofP��1,707,enoughtofinancesucceedingoperations.On�5September,AQDturnedovertothebeneficiaries�0floatingcagesingoodcondition,completewithmooringsystemandcaretaker’shut.

AQD validates grouper farming with Land Bank

AMemorandumofAgreementwassignedon9August�005among SEAFDEC/AQD, Land Bank of the Philippines,UniversityofthePhilippines,andtheIloiloStateCollegeofFisheriesforthedeliveryoftechnologiestofarmersandfishers through theTechnologyPromotionCenterRegionVI. AQD’s third techno-validation proposal, Culture of Grouper in Floating Net Cages, was presented on 1�September �005 before Land Bank’s Program TechnicalTeam and was approved for funding. The proposedinvestmentwasP�96,��1.Validationwasconductedinsixfloatingnetcages(5x5x�.5m)offSitioBaybay,Alegria,Sibunag, Guimaras. Three cooperators from the localitywereselectedbytheMunicipalAgriculturistandMunicipalAdministrator. Each cooperator was given two net cagesto operate and manage. AQD provides the technologypackageandtechnicalsupportfortheproject.Earlier,twoother technologies were successfully validated by AQDwithfundingfromLandBank—grouperfarminginpondsin �000, and the modified extensive method of shrimpfarmingin�00�.

Floating cages for fish farming at Igang Marine Station


AQDpersonnelattheBinangonanFreshwaterStationcarriedout research projects and intensified work to disseminate

informationandtransfertechnologiesforfreshwateraquaculture.Trainingwasdoneinavarietyofformatsfordifferentbeneficiaries,mostlysmall-scalefishfarmers.

GrowthandsurvivalofAsiancatfishfryinnetcageswithandwithoutfeedinginLagunadeBayFarmers’TraininginIntegratedFishFarmingandFreshwaterAquaculture(withABCDEFInc.andMeralcoFoundationInc.),6sessionsTrainingcourse:FreshwaterAquaculture,forTESDATrainors,1�May–�Jun�005TraininginFreshwaterAquacultureforViganfishfarmers,�6-�7Jul�005TrainingcourseonTilapiaHatcheryandGrow-out,1-10AugTrainingcourse:FreshwaterAquaculture,17Aug–6SepTrainingModulesonTilapia/Carp/CatfishBreedingandFarming,�sessionsOn-the-jobtraininginfreshwateraquacultureforstudents

AQD Scientist ML Cuvin-Aralar of the BinangonanFreshwater Station attended the 10th Living Lakes ConferenceinTagaytayCityfrom15to19May�005.TheConferencethemewas The lake and its people: responsible stewardship by lakecommunitiesandsustainabledevelopmentofdenselypopulatedlake regions. The Living Lakes Network is an internationalpartnershipwhosemissionistoenhancetheprotection,restorationandrehabilitationoflakes,wetlandsandotherfreshwaterbodiesof the world. In �001, Laguna de Bay was accepted into theprestigious International Living Lakes Network as the 1�thPartner(totalnow��Partners).

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AQD to assist Gawad Kabuhayan

The SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department signed aMemorandum ofAgreement with the Couples for Christ-Eastern Rizal on 7 November �005 to implement theCFC-Eastern Rizal Aquaculture Project under the GawadKabuhayan Program. Under the MOA, AQD will assistCFCinskillstrainingandtechnicalsupportforaquaculturelivelihood projects in beneficiary communities. In turn,CFC will help in the dissemination of AQD aquaculturetechnologies to other communities where other CFCchapters operate. CFC is a private organization that seekstobuildrenewedandempoweredcommunitiesindepressedareas.PartofthestrategyofCFCincommunitybuildingistheGawadKabuhayanprogram,whichincludesaquaculturelivelihoodsinselectedcommunities.

AQD Chief Rolando Platon and CFC-Eastern Rizal Provincial Area Director Rey Tan sign the MOA

Freshwater Aquaculture for Livelihood

President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo attends the 10th Living Lakes Conference in Tagaytay, May 2005

The hatchery and farm of Meralco Foundation and ABCDEFI in Jalajala


Training courses in freshwater aquaculture

The Binangonan Freshwater Station and the Aquaculture-Based Countryside Development Enterprises Foundation Inc.(ABCDEFI)continued toassistMunicipalAgriculturalOfficersandotherlocalgovernmentofficialsinimplementingaquaculture-based livelihood activities. The BFS-ABCDEF training teamconductedon-sitetrainingforfishfarmerswhowillbeinvolvedin the fishfarming clusters. In �005, six training sessions onIntegratedFishFarmingandFreshwaterAquaculturewerecarriedout:inSiniloan,Lagunaon�7-��January;inJalajala,Rizalon�1January–1February;inSta.Cruz,Lagunaon10-11February;inAngono,Rizalon��-�5February;inMorong,Rizalon�1March-1April;andinCabuyao,Lagunaon�6-�7April.FundsforthesetrainingsessionswereprovidedforbySenatorRamonMagsaysayJr.throughtheDepartmentofScienceandTechnology.Sincetheprogramstartedin�00�,some��farmersand��MAOshavebeentrained. For the second year in a row, BFS conducted the IndustryImmersionTrainingonFreshwaterAquaculturefortechnicalandvocational education trainors, particularly fisheries instructors,at schools accredited by the Technical Education and SkillsDevelopmentAuthority(TESDA).EightfisheriesinstructorsfromPangasinan,LaUnion,andCamarinesSurattendedthetrainingfrom1�Mayto�June.Aspecialtrainingcourseonfreshwateraquaculture was also held from 1�August to 5 September forthreeparticipantsfromEcuador,Chile,andthePhilippines.

Vigan City Mayor Ferdinand Medina and �0 of hisconstituents visited Binangonan Freshwater Station in May�005. They had already started several tilapia hatcheries indifferent barangays under a project funded by the Spanish aidagency Cooperacion Española and implemented by a Spanishnon-governmentorganization,Accion Contra el Hambre.MayorMedinaandhisgroupwanted tofindothercommodities suitedfor freshwater aquaculture in Vigan. Thus was conducted theFreshwaterAquacultureTrainingforViganFishFarmerson�7-��July�005.

Fish farmers consult with RV Eguia on ways to improve tilapia production

Aquaculture Training Modules allowed close individual instruction over a shorter period (5 days)


AQD exchanges staff with FFRC Wuxi

Aspartofitslong-standingcollaborationwiththeNetworkofAquacultureCentersintheAsia-Pacific(NACA),SEAFDEC/AQDinitiatedastaffexchangeprogramwiththeFreshwaterFisheriesResearchCenter(FFRC)inWuxi,theNACALeadCenterinChina.UndertheAQD-FFRCprogram,AssociateProfessorGongYongShengof theFFRC joined the sixthtraining course in Crab Seed Production atAQD from 1�Septemberto1�October�005.Prof.Gongwentonapost-trainingtourofAQD’sBinangonanFreshwaterStationandtheABCDEFI’s Jalajala farm. In Binangonan, Prof. Gongmethiscounterpart,AQDScientistMRREguia,whovisitedFFRC from �5 September to � October, funded by theIntegrated Regional Aquaculture Program. Together withStationHeadMLCAralar, theyexchangedknowledgeandideasaboutgeneticimprovementandseedproductionofthegiantfreshwaterprawnMacrobrachium rosenbergii.

Dr. Eguia visited FFRC to explore possible areas forcollaborative research with SEAFDEC/AQD Binangonan,observe farming practices for freshwater prawn andornamental fishes, to learn efficient methods for transferofaquaculturetechnologiestosmall-scalefishfarmers.Onthefirstday,Dr.EguiagaveaseminaronAQD’sresearchand training programs in freshwater aquaculture. VisitingScientistHusseinElgobashytalkedaboutgeneticsresearchattheCentralLaboratoryforAquacultureResearch(Abbassa,Egypt)andthreeFFRCscientiststalkedabouttheirresearch,including population genetics and hybridization work onMacrobrachium rosenbergiiandotherspecies,andthesex-determiningmechanismsinthetilapia.FFRChaslaboratoriesand resources formolecular geneticswork—gene cloning,molecularmarkeranalysis,etc.

The farm visits near Wuxi showed Dr. Eguia thetechnologies adopted in the commercial production of thefreshwater prawn in ponds and the farm methods used inselective breeding and propagation of different varietiesof ornamental fishes, especially goldfish. Interviews withyoungextensionworkersshowedthatmuchoftheirsuccessisdueto(a)adequatefinancialassistanceandlogisticsupportfromtheChinesegovernment;(b)qualifiedandwell-trainedfisheryextensionworkers,mostlywithBScandMScdegreesinfisheriesoraquaculture;(c)supportprovidedbytheprivatesector in the dissemination of technologies, and (d) activeparticipationandcooperationoffarmercooperatives.

Dr. Eguia left for Manila on � October with FFRCDirectorProf.Dr.XuPao,andExternalAffairsOfficerProf.MinKuanhongwhowerevisitingthePhilippinesupontheinvitationoftheBureauofFisheriesandAquaticResources.TheymetagainduringAgriLink�005.

MRR Eguia with FFRC researchers and Dr Hussein Elgobashy of Egypt, in Wuxi, September 2005

Prof Gong Yong Sheng visits Binangonan after attending the CrabSeed course

Prof. Dr. Xu Pao and Prof. Min Kuanhong of the Freshwater Fisheries Research Center visit the MFI-AQD booth during AgriLink 2005

MRR Eguia with officers of the Yangzhou fishery extension bureau


SEAFDEC/AQDworkscloselywiththeBureauofFisheriesandAquaticResources(BFAR)oftheDepartmentofAgriculture

of the Philippines, particularly in the joint operation andmaintenanceoftheLaboratoryFacilitiesforAdvancedAquacultureTechnologies (also known as the Biotech Labs), located at theAQD campus in Tigbauan but owned by the Government ofthePhilippinesasagrant-in-aidfromtheGovernmentofJapanthroughtheJapanInternationalCooperationAgency. Several research projects were conducted by non-AQDresearchers at AQD’s Laboratory Facilities for AdvancedAquaculture Technologies (a grant-aide from the Governmentof Japan to the Government of the Philippines).The first threeprojects listed below were carried out at AQD by professorsof the University of Eastern Philippines, the Mindanao StateUniversity–IliganInstituteofTechnology,andtheUniversityofthePhilippines–Visayas.TwostudieswereconductedbytheNationalFisheriesResearchandDevelopmentInstituteoftheDepartmentofAgriculture.TwotrainingcourseswereconductedforNFRDIstaff, partly to build capacity for quarantine and monitoring ofviraldiseasesofimportedstocksofPenaeus vannamei.

NutritionalfactorsandmicrobialderivativesasimmunostimulantsingrouperPolyunsaturatedfattyacidsasusefulcompoundsforaquacultureandhumannutritionStrainimprovementoffarmedcarrageenan-producingseaweedsPhyticacidlevelsinnon-conventionalfeedstuffofplantorigininvariousprocessedformsGrowthperformanceofGET-EXCELtilapiausingazomiteasmineralmixinthefeedformulationTrainingcourse:DetectionofShrimpVirusesbyPCRTechniques,15-19Mar�005Trainingcourse:BiotechnologyTechniquesandInstrumentation,7-1�Aug�005

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Nutritional factors and microbial derivatives as immuno-stimulants in grouperFivegroupsof�0tigergrouperEpinephelus fuscoguttatus(��g)werestockedinfive�50-litertanksandfedeitheracontroldietor diets with added onion, ginger, ß-glucan, and vitamin C.Weightgainandspecificgrowthratesweresignificantlyhigheringroupersfeddietswithß-glucanandonion.Feedconversionratiowas significantly higher in groupers fed the onion, ginger, andvitaminC.Among the immunity indices, total immunoglobulin(total Ig) was significantly higher in all treatment groups thanthe control. Hematocrit, hemoglobin, lysozyme, and nitrobluetetrazoliumreductionalsoincreasedslightlyoverthecontrol.Toprepare for the challenge tests, frozen (-�0ºC) and lyophilizedVibrio anguillarum(Va1andVa�)weregrowninagarandbrothmediaandpassedthreetimesinlive�-5ggroupers.Va�showedgoodrecoveryandwasusedtoinoculate100ggrouperstoseeifthebacteriacouldinducelesionsinthefish.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFa) for aquaculture and human nutritionStrainsofmicroscopicthraustochytridswereisolatedfromfallenmangrove leaves from localities in Mindoro, Guimaras, Panay,Caluya, Bohol, Palawan, Leyte, Mindanao, Sagisi, Samal andCamiguin. These strains were mass-cultured and analyzed fortotal lipidsandfattyacidprofiles.Gaschromatographyshowedthat the isolates have high PUFA content, �5–5�% of totalfatty acids, mainly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) at ��-�1%.GenomicfingerprintingwasdonethroughRAPD-PCRtechniqueto determine relatedness among isolates and mark strains withhigh biotechnological potential. PUFA-containing microbialsymbiontsofintertidalspongeswerealsoisolated;theseandothermicroorganismsweremaintainedinthelaboratoryforfuturefattyacidprofiling.

AQD Collaboration with Philippine Agencies

Thraustochytrids, a rich source of DHA

Electronmicroscopy after cell culture


Strain improvement of farmed carrageenan-producing seaweedsFifteen cultivars of farmed Kappaphycus alvarezii and two ofEucheuma denticulatumwerecollectedduringthelastcroppingseasonof theyear (October toDecember) fromseaweed farmsinBatangas(MangroveIslandandGulod,Calatagan),Sorsogon(Peñafrancia, Pilar, and Bacon), Bohol (Sag Island and BansanIsland,Talibon),Antique(CaluyaIsland),NorthernSamar(CapulIsland and Lavezarez), Panguil Bay (Simbuco and Manga,Kolambugan), and Surigao (Manjagao, Sagisi Island). Thesecultivars were maintained at the Seaweed Wet Laboratory forcarrageenancharacterizationandDNAfingerprintingtoidentifyhigh-yieldinganddisease-resistantcultivars.

Phytic acid in plant feedstuffPhyticacid levelsweredeterminedbyspectrophotometryof�1samplesofseeds,leaves,andcoprameal.Seedshadhigherphyticacidthantheleavesandcoprameal.Toremovethephyticacid,the seeds ofmongo, soybean, corn, rice, greenpea, andbarleywereimmersedin0.5MHNO�andHCl.Phyticacid,protein,andavailablephosphorusinthesamplesweredeterminedat0,�,�,�,16and��hours.Phyticacidinseedswasreducedto��%after�handnotanyfurther.Percentproteinoftheseedsampleswasnotatallreducedbyacidtreatment.Acidimmersionofseedsreducedthe available phosphorus by 6�%. Phytase enzymes should betestedonseedstofindwaystoremovethephyticacidbutretainthephosphorus.

Growth of GET-EXCEL tilapia fed diets with azomite as mineral mixSixdietswere formulatedwith azomite at 0, 0.1, 0.�, 0.�, 0.�,and 1.6% of dry weight and tested in an 1�-tank system withrecirculatingwater.TheextrudedpelletswerefedtoGET-EXCELtilapiaat10%ofwetbodyweightperdayfor1�weeks.Averagewetweightwashighestintilapiafedthedietwithoutazomite,buttherewerenosignificantdifferencesamong treatments.SimilartestswereconductedinconcretepondsandfloatingcagesattheBinangonan Freshwater Station. Again, no significant weightdifferenceswerefoundamongtreatments.

The Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources of theDepartmentofAgricultureofthePhilippinesconductedquarantineproceduresonimportedstocksofPenaeus vannameiandwantedto closely monitor the stocks and the subsequent progenies fordiseases, particularly viruses. SEAFDEC/AQD was requestedto train BFAR personnel. Thus, a special hands-on training onDetection of ShrimpViruses by PCR was conducted on 15–19March �005. Five laboratory personnel from the NationalIntegrated Fisheries Technology Development Center joinedthe training.Onedayof lectureswas followedby fourdaysoflaboratorysessionsonpolymerasechainreactionassay,samplingmethodologies, and preservation of tissues for PCR analysis.Trainees learned DNA and RNA extraction and master mixpreparation,1-stepPCR,nestedPCR,reversetranscriptionPCR,andgel electrophoresis, staining and analysis.CombinationsofthesemethodsareusedinthediagnosisofshrimpvirusessuchasWSSV,IHHNV,andTSV.TheAQDresourcepersonswereLDdelaPeña,MPaner,andCSombito. TheNationalFisheriesResearchandDevelopmentInstitutelater conducted a training course on BiotechnologyTechniquesand Instrumentation at SEAFDEC/AQD on �-1� August for15 trainees—10 fromNFRDI, two fromUP-Visayas, and threefromAQD(plus�observers).Dr.ALaurenafromUPLosBañoslectured on polymerase chain reaction and related techniques,chromatography,bioinformatics, andDNAsequencing.Healsoconductedseveral laboratorysessions.Dr.ASerranoandDr.CCaipang from UP-Visayas talked about molecular techniquesinproteindigestibility tests, andabout recombinantproteins asfish vaccines. Dr. R Salvador from the University of EasternPhilippineslecturedonbiotechapproachesinalgalculture.AQD’sDr.MREguiataughtaboutmoleculargeneticmarkers,andDr.LDdelaPeñaaboutuseofPCRindiseasediagnosis.Thepracticalsessionswereheldat theLaboratoryforAdvancedAquacultureTechnologies,withLDdelaPeña,GAnuevo,FPedroso,andTBillenaasinstructors.

NFRDI staff train at the Biotech Lab at AQD Tigbauan, August 2005

NIFTDC staff train at the Biotech Lab at AQD Tigbauan, March 2005


AQD Service Laboratories

Fish Health diagnostic LaboratoryA total of ��5 diagnostic cases were examined. The samplesconsisted of 170 (7�%) shrimps, 17 fish, �0 crab, 1� othersamples,and5watersamples.Thebulkofthecases(�00samples,�5%)camefromtheprivatesector,1�%fromwithinAQD,andfour cases from BFAR. The diagnosed diseases included viralnervous necrosis (VNN), monodon baculovirus (MBV), whitespotsyndromevirus(WSSV),andtaurasyndromevirus(TSV).Thefrequencyofdiseaseoccurrencewasasfollows:��of�6fishsamplesVNN-positive,1�of�5shrimpsamplesMBV-positivebymalachitegreenstaining,51of�6�shrimpsamplesWSSV-positive, 1� of 1�9 crab samples WSSV-positive, and � of �shrimpsTSV-negative. Also received were 1� samples for bacterial identification,1�� samples for bacterial counts, and 57� samples of shrimpsandcrabsfordiagnosisofWSSV.Otherservicesincludedsaleofmastermix(P�,100/tube)forPCRdiagnosistoprivatefishhealthlaboratoriesandbacterialisolates(P100/isolate)tostudents.

Microtechnique LaboratoryA total of �75 histological slides were processed in support ofresearchanddiseasediagnosis.

Natural Food LaboratoryA new algal strain from Qingdao, China, the Platymonas helgolandicakylin var. tsingtaoensis (depositor MR de la Peña)was added to the stock cultures of algae maintained at thelaboratory.MaintenanceofseaweedstrainsiscontinuingintanksattheSeaweedsWetLaboratory. Privatehatcherieswereprovided5�.7litersofculturemedia,��6.�litersofliquidculturesand16testtubesofsolidculturesofmicroalgae,5� litersofconcentratedBrachionus sp.and�.6tonsofChlorella sp.Alsoservedwererequestsfromgovernmentandvariousuniversitiesforphytoplanktonandzooplankton,foridentificationofspecies,andforpracticaltraininginnaturalfoodpropagation.

Central analytical LaboratoryCALanalyzed5��watersamples(forpH,phosphate,ammonia,nitrite,dissolvedoxygen),7�soilsamples(forpH,organicmatter,available iron,availablesulfur,availablephosphorus,nitrogen),and95feedstuffsamples(formoisture,crudeprotein,crudefat,crudefiber,ash,nitrogen-freeextract).

Electron Microscope LaboratoryAtotalof��sampleswereprocessedandanalyzedforelectronmicroscopy(transmissionandscanning).

Pilot Feed MillSome ��,5�1 kg of various milled feeds were served toAQDresearchersforusein-houseandtotheprivatesectorforafee.

AQD staff meet the officials from the embassy of Japan, 5 May 2005

SEAFDEC/AQD welcomed two officials from theEmbassyofJapanon5May�005—FirstSecretaryKatsuyoshiIshii and Economic Affairs Minister Tetsuya Ishii. TheyweregivenatouroftheBiotechLabsandshownthespecialequipmentandfacilities. ToadvertisetheuseoftheBiotechLabs,abrochurewasreleasedinJuly.ThenaflyerwasproducedthatlistsalltheanalyticalservicesofferedbyAQDforreasonablefees. During the year, a large number of students, teachers,and researchersused the facilitiesof theBiotechLabs.Anevenlargernumberofvisitorswereshownthefacilities.


SEAFDEC/AQD was involved in �005 in the project,Dissemination and Adoption of the Milkfish Aquaculture

TechnologyinthePhilippines,withtheBureauofFisheriesandAquaticResources(BFAR)andtheWorldFishCenter(formerlyICLARM), with funding from the Bureau of AgriculturalResearch(BAR) through theConsultativeGroup inAgricultureResearch (CGIAR). Two project sites were selected: BarangayBulaoinAringay,LaUnionandBarangayMalacapasinDasol,Pangasinan.Atthesesites,theenablingfactorsandconstraintsindisseminatingavailablemilkfishtechnologieswereidentifiedandexamined. The role of SEAFDEC/AQD was to review and screenavailable milkfish technologies from seed production to post-harvest processing and to recommend appropriate technologiesto be introduced to two target areas. The SEAFDEC/AQDteamconductedrapidruralappraisal(RRA)ofthepilotsitestodeterminethecurrentstatusandpracticesinmilkfishfarmingandprocessingintheseareas.ActualdisseminationorintroductionoftechnologieswasassignedtoBFAR. The benchmark data for the RRA were collected throughsitevisitsandfocusedgroupdiscussionswithkeyinformants—knowledgeable milkfish operators, local government officials,andmunicipalagriculturistsandtechnicians.TheRRAresultsandtechnologyprofilesservedasbasisforproblemidentificationandneedsassessment,andformatchingappropriate technologies tothestudyareas.AQD’sworkhasbasicallybeencompletedexceptthefinaleditingofthereport(contentsshowninbox).

Recommended Technology Intervention for Project Sites

BarangayDulaoinAringay,LaUnion

MilkfishfingerlingproductioninbrackishwaterpondsMilkfishdeboning,smoking,andothervalue-addingMonitoringofenvironmentalconditionsoflagoonandriversystemsGoodaquaculturepracticesFeedmanagementinfishpens

BarangayMalacapasinDasol,Pangasinan

MilkfishfingerlingproductioninbrackishwaterpondsMilkfishcultureinpensorcagesModular/progressiontechniqueusingexistingponddesignandstructureMilkfishdeboningandsmokingImprovedpondpreparationandfertilizeruse

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Historical perspective of technology development

MilestonesintechnologyandindustrydevelopmentInstitutionsandpeopleinvolved

Grow-out in brackishwater ponds

Straight-runpondcultureModularorprogressionmethodDeep-waterplanktonmethodSemi-intensivecultureIntensivecultureStockmanipulationmethodPolyculture

Grow-out in pens and cages

PensineutrophicfreshwaterlakesMarineandbrackishwaterfishpensLakecagesSeacages

Seed production in the hatchery

BroodstockdevelopmentandmaintenanceLarvalrearingandfryproduction

Post-harvest processing

Traditionalprocesses–dryingandsmokingAdvancedprocesses–deboning,bottling,canningValue-addedproducts–fishballsandkikiam

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Review and screening of milkfish technologies for dissemination

WG Yap, AC Villaluz, MN Santos, GH Garcia

Hatchery production of milkfish was first accomplished at AQD in 1978


Given the huge interest in farming of Penaeus vannamei inAsia, SEAFDEC/AQD convened the Regional Technical

Consultation on the Aquaculture of Penaeus vannamei andOtherExoticShrimpsinSoutheastAsia,inMakati,Philippines,on 1-� March �005. The RTC had 5� participants—countryrepresentativescomprisingtheSEAFDECNationalCoordinatorsandspecialistsinshrimpfarming,AQDresearchersandofficials,and observers from the private sector and the media. AQD’sResearchDivisionHeadWGYapchaired theRTC.During theRTC, the country representatives reported on the extent andstatusofaquacultureofP. vannameiandother exotic shrimpsinSoutheastAsiaandChina.ManyweresurprisedathowmuchP. vannamei is now produced in Thailand (about �00,000 metrictons)andChina(605,000mt,mostofitinfreshwater).Indonesia,Vietnam,Myanmar,andCambodiaarealsofarmingP. vannamei;MalaysiaandthePhilippinesarestillconsideringimportation. Penaeus vannamei is native to the tropicalPacific coast ofCentralandSouthAmerica.AfteritwasdomesticatedinHawaiiand Florida, it became widely available for farming and itnowmakesupmore than95%of the shrimpproduction in theworld.TheshrimpindustryinAsiaslumpedinthe1990sduetowidespreaddiseasesthatcausedlargelossestoproducers.Someshrimp growers stopped operations, some shifted to farmingfishes, but many others shifted to P. vannamei. Relative to thenativePenaeus monodon,P. vannameihasthefollowingperceivedadvantages:lowerfeedcost,tolerancetohigherstockingdensity,higherpotentialyield,commerciallyavailablespecificpathogen-freeseedstockanddomesticatedspawners.However,manyAsiancountrieshavelegislationagainsttheintroductionandfarmingofexoticshrimpspeciessuchasP. vannameiforfearofnewdiseasesthatmightbetransmittedtowildshrimppopulationsthroughpondeffluents.

The participants assessed the economic benefits of P. vannameitotheproducingcountries,andalsothepotentialsocialandecological impactof the introductionofP. vannamei in theregion.NoproblemswereidentifiedinP. vannameifarming,butonly in theproceduresfor importand thepossible incidenceofdiseases. It was deemed necessary to monitor all farming of exoticshrimpspecies,whetherornottheentrywasinaccordancewiththelaw.ItwasalsoagreedthattheASEANshoulddevelopitsowncapabilitytoproducespecificpathogen-freeandspecificpathogen-resistantstocksofP. vannameiandalsoof the indigenous tigershrimpP. monodon.

Proposed Plan of actionAdopttheprecautionaryapproachandformulateappropriateguidelinesfortheintroductionandfarmingofexoticshrimps.Ascertaintheextentoffarmingofexoticshrimpsineachcountry.Determineandreportactualproductionvolumesofexoticshrimps.Ascertainwhetherexoticshrimpshaveestablishedthemselvesintothelocalecosystemandstudyimpactonnativespecies.Supportresearchfortheestablishmentandmaintenanceofcaptiveorfarmedshrimpbroodstock,includingspecificpathogen-freestocks.Integratestrategiesofaquaticanimalhealthmanagementintoaquaculturedevelopmentplans.

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Regionalization of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries

FAO report used as reference during the RTC

Country Representatives and SEAFDEC officials during the RTC on Penaeus vannamei, Makati, Philippines, 1-2 March 2005


Before and after the RTC

WG Yap

When SEAFDEC/AQD held the Regional TechnicalConsultation on the Culture of Penaeus vannamei and

OtherExoticShrimpSpecies inFebruary�005, the farmingofP. vannameiwasalreadywidespreadinthethreemajorshrimp-producingcountriesinSoutheastAsia:Thailand,Indonesia,andVietnam. In �00�, Thailand reported a production of �76,600metrictonsofP. vannameiandonly110,000mtofP. monodon.IndonesiaandVietnamproduced1�1,�99mtand1�5,569mtofP. monodon against 5�,�17mt and �0,000mt of P. vannamei.Bruneiproduced��mtoftheexoticblueshrimpP. stylirostrisand61mtofP. monodon.Thus,inSoutheastAsiain�00�,moreP. monodon (total 51�,6�7mt) was produced than the exoticspecies (�70,��9mt). Even then, however, the SoutheastAsianproductionofP. vannameiwasalreadymorethandoublethatofSouthAmerica (17�,105mt) where the species is native.Asia-wide,slightlymoreP. vannamei(1,116,��mt)wasproducedin�00� thanP. monodonandeightothernativespeciescombined(1,051,��0mt).ThiswasduetothemassiveproductionofChinawith7�5,055mtofP. vannameiandonly�00,��9mtofvariousnativespecies. Whereas Vietnam, Thailand and Indonesia were alreadyreaping the benefits of farming the introduced but fullydomesticatedP. vannameiandhave in factalreadystarted theirownbreedingprograms,MalaysiaandthePhilippinesstillbannedthe entry of this exotic shrimp ostensibly to prevent the entryof exoticdiseasesandprotect localbiodiversity. Itwasknown,however, that in both countries, P. vannamei had already beenbrought in and farmed surreptitiously. The Philippines wentone step further and made farming of P. vannamei illegal.ThegovernmentzealouslyraidedandcloseddownfarmscaughtusingP. vanamei. AboutonemonthaftertheRTC,MalaysialiftedthebanonP. vannameiandallowedtheentryofcertifiedspecificpathogenfree(SPF)broodstockunderspecificguidelinesandgavethechoiceofspeciestofarmers.IthasalsomadeP. vannameiproductionapartof itsnational shrimp industryprogram.Malaysian shrimpproductionhadalwaysbeenmodestcomparedtoitsneighbors—itreached�7,0�1mtin�001ofwhichsome66�mtwasattributedtotheIndo-PacificwhiteshrimpP. merguiensisandtheresttoP. monodon. In �00�-�00�, total production decreased to �5,000-�6,000mtasP. monodondeclined,evenasP. merguiensisincreasedto �00mt. But in �00�, while P. monodon further languished,P. merguiensis surged to more than 5,000mt and boosted totalshrimp production to �0,000mt.This production is believed toactuallyconsistmostlyofP. vannamei.NowthatP. vannameihasbecomelegal,itsactualproductionmayhenceforthbereported.WiththeinclusionofP. vannameiinMalaysia’sshrimpindustry,itislikelythatin�005-�006,MalaysianshrimpproductioncouldsurpassthePhilippineproductionofabout�7,000mtayearsince�00�.

TheSEAFDECSecretariatfundedtheRTCandthepublicationof the proceedings. AQD also produced the second edition(containing more explanations and background information) oftheRegional Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries in Southeast Asia: Responsible Aquaculture.

ThecurrentPhilippineproductionisafarcryfromthe95,�16mtin199�whenthecountrywasthethirdhighestshrimp-producingcountryintheworld.Inthemeantime,Philippineimportsoffresh-chilledor frozen shrimps reached1,�6�mtvalued atUS$�.��Millionin�00�,ahugejumpfrom10mtin�001andbefore.Thisimportedshrimpisbelievedtoconsistmostlyoflow-valuesmall-sizepeeledP. vannameifromChinaforthefastfoodindustry.ItisalsobelievedthatuncertifiedP. vannameicontinuestobefarmedinZambalesandotherprovinces inLuzondue to thehighlocalmarketdemandbutthelimitedsupplyoflegalseedstock. In �005, the Philippines’ Bureau of Fisheries andAquaticResourcesalsolooseneditsstrictbanagainstP. vannamei.BFARhasallowedoneprivatecompany to importSPFbroodstockonanexperimentalbasisprovided thesearepropagatedonly in itsNationalIntegratedFisheriesTechnologyDevelopmentCenterinBonuan,DagupanCitytoensurebiosecurity.Only500pairsareallowedeach timeunderverystrictquarantineprocedures.Thecompanyhasimportedthreebatchesofbroodstock.Thefirstbatchwasfoundtohavebeencontaminatedbyhepatopancreaticparvo-likevirus(HPV)andwasordereddestroyed.HPVisendemictoAsiaandthefirstP. vannameistockmusthaveacquiredtheviruslocally. BFAR still considers P. vannamei an experimental culturespecies that requires thorough testing.ThepostlarvaeproducedareallowedtobegrownonlyinafewaccreditedfarmsinLuzon.The harvest can be brought to market only when certified ashaving come from the experimental postlarvae, otherwise it isconfiscated.Many shrimp farmersoutsideLuzonwould like touseP. vannameibutarepreventedfromdoingsobylaw.Somecompanies are also interested in importing their own SPF P. vannamei broodstock for their hatcheries. But until the ban oncommercial farming of P. vannamei is lifted, no new importpermitswilllikelybeissuedbyBFAR.


FundedbytheGovernmentofJapanTrustFund,theProgramverifiedanenvironment-friendlyshrimpfarmingtechnology

inThailand,thePhilippines,Vietnam,Myanmar,Cambodia,andMalaysia.TechnologydemonstrationinMyanmarandMalaysiawas successfully completed in early �005 and was muchappreciatedbythefisheriesagenciesinvolvedandbytheshrimpfarmers. TheProgramproducedaReport on the Regional Technical Consultation for the Development of Code of Practice for Sustainable Aquaculture in Mangrove EcosystemsfollowingtheRTC in Tagbilaran City on �5-�7 August �00�. Also finishedin �005 were the translations into Filipino, Thai, Vietnamese,Burmese, and Bahasa Indonesia of the extension manual ofD Baliao and S Tookwinas: Best Management Practices for Mangrove-Friendly Shrimp Farming. The Code of Practice for Sustainable Use of Mangrove Ecosystems for Aquaculture in Southeast AsiacameoffthepressinAugust �005.This Code of Practice contains desiderata andguidelines articulated by Country Representatives and othermangrove stakeholders during the RTC in August �00�. Thedesiderata were elaborated with principles, definitions, andexamples by TU Bagarinao and JH Primavera. The Code isintended primarily for governments and the aquaculture sector,butcanalsobeusedbytheeducationandresearchsectorandbythelocalcommunitieslivinginthemangroves.

Environment-friendly shrimp farming in Myanmar in 2005

Mangrove-Friendly Shrimp Farming

Pond 1 Pond 2

Pond area (m2) 8,000 7,000Culture system Intensive IntensiveTotal postlarvae stocked 196,692 224,000Stocking density (per m2) 24 32Postlarval stage at stocking PL33 PL30Salinity (ppt) 7-22 (ave 14.5) 7-22 (ave 14.5)Water depth (cm) 85-142 85-145Transparency (cm) 105-15 80-15pH 7.3-8.7 7.3-8.7Culture period 21 Mar – 27 Jul 16 Mar – 29 JulDays of culture 128 135Average body weight (g) 31.0 31.92Survival rate (%) 80% 80%Harvested quantity (kg) 4,200 4,100Feed conversion ratio (FCR) 1.23 1.12Farm gate selling price/kg $4.7 $4.7

The technology demonstration project in Myanmar wasimplemented for the second time on a commercial scale atthe Department of Fisheries facility in Kyauktan. The projectshowcased SEAFDEC/AQD’s best management practices formangrove-friendlyshrimpfarming,includingtheuseofreservoirs(bothforwaterintakeandforwastewater),fishasbiomanipulators,centersludgecollector,filterbox,andbiofilter.Thistechnologyprovidedoptimumpondconditions.Fishbiomanipulatorsstockedinthereservoirandcentersludgecollectorsconditionedthepondwaterandsuppressedharmfulbacteria.Physicochemicalvariableswerecloselymonitoredandremedialmeasuresweretakenassoonas detrimental levels were detected.The use of sand filter boxpreventedtheentryofpredatoryandotherunwantedspecies. ForthesecondtimeinMyanmar,theuseofbestmanagementpractices prevented infestation by luminous bacteria andvirulentviruses.Onlygood-qualitypostlarvaewerestocked.Noantibioticswereusedandtheshrimpproductscouldeasilypassthestringentqualitycontroloftheexportmarkets.Low-volumewater exchange, low feed conversion ratios, and high survivalresultedinhighprofitability. The technology demonstration project in Malaysia wasimplemented on a commercial scale at the BrackishwaterAquacultureResearchCenterinJohorBahrufrom15August�00�to15February�005.Twopondswereusedandstockingdensitieswere�5and15postlarvae/m�.Survivalwas��%andtheharvestwas1,��5kgand961kg.Thecostsandreturnsoftheprojectaretabulatedinthetablenextpage.Shrimpfeedsmadeup56-60%ofthetotaloperatingcost,followedbypowerconsumption.Bothpondsshowedhighreturnsontotalexpensesandinvestments.


Environment-friendly shrimp farming in Malaysia in 2004-2005

BARC and AQD technicians work together


SEAFDECrecentlyinitiatedtheProgramonStockEnhancementforThreatenedSpeciesofInternationalConcern,afive-year

program under the auspices of the Government of Japan-TrustFund.SEAFDEC implements this andmanyotherprograms tohelpthedevelopingcountriesintheASEANachievefoodsecurityand reducepoverty.AQD is implementingacomponentof thisProgramfocusedonaquaculture-basedstockenhancement. To prepare for the Stock Enhancement Program, AQDconvened the RegionalTechnical Consultation (RTC) on StockEnhancement for Threatened Species of International Concernat theIloiloBusinessHotel inMandurriao,IloiloCity, from1�to15July.Themeetinghad55participantsandwasopenedbyAQDChiefDr.RolandoPlaton.SEAFDECPolicyandProgramCoordinator Mr. Suriyan Vichitlekarn reviewed the ASEAN-SEAFDECdirectivesrelatedtospeciesofinternationalconcern,andAQDDeputyChiefKoichiOkuzawareviewedAQD’spastandongoingworkinstockenhancement. Representatives from Indonesia, Lao PDR, Myanmar,Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam spoke about thethreatenedspeciesandthestockenhancementinitiativesintheircountries.Amongthespeciestheyidentifiedforstockenhancementwere freshwater fishes, sea horses, sea cucumbers, and thehumpheadwrasse.Somecountriesalreadyhavetechnologiesforseedproduction,butnoonehasdonebaselinesurveys,tagging,andmonitoring. Invited scientists shared their research results and fieldexperiences. Pew Fellow Dr. Edgardo Gomez described hissuccessesingiantclamrestockingandcoraltransplantationinthe

Philippines.PewFellowDr.AmandaVincentofProjectSeahorsefame cautioned against restocking of hatchery-bred seahorses.Amazingly, a third Pew Fellow was at the RTC, AQD’s ownDr.JurgennePrimavera,whohasongoingprojectsinmangroveconservationandmudcrabstockenhancement.ThePewFellowsin Marine Conservation are an elite group of marine scientistswho work for conservation and sustainable use of species andecosystems. Dr. Katsuhiro Kiso talked about the giant clam project inOkinawa,andDr.TakumaSugayareviewedrecenttechnologiesusedforstockenhancementinJapan.Dr.SenadeSilvapresenteda review of stock enhancement for culture–based fisheries infreshwater lakes, reservoirs, and farm impoundments in Asia.Thailand’s conservation and breeding program for the MekonggiantcatfishPangasianodongigaswasdescribedbyDr.NarueponSukumasavin.Prof.FrancesNievalestalkedaboutfarmingofseaurchinsandseacucumbers,andDr.BenjaminGonzalezdescribedhiscommunity-basedstockenhancementprojectforthetopshellTrochusniloticus.AQD’sDr.Ma.RowenaEguiadiscussed thetechnologiesfortaggingandmarking,includinggeneticmarkingtechniques. Aworkshopwasheld to chart the futuredirections for theProgram,andtheparticipantsagreedonaResolutionandPlanofAction.TheClosingCeremonywasgracedbySpeakerJosedeVeneciaofthePhilippineHouseofRepresentatives.Thefarewelldinnerwasseafoodallaround,includingtheresurgentangelwingPholas orientalis, only recently bewailed as having become‘endangered.’

Stock Enhancement for Threatened Species

Country Representatives, resource persons, and AQD officials and scientists during the RTC on Stock Enhancement, Iloilo City, Philippines, 13-15 July 2005


Stockenhancement isa formoffishery interventionwherejuveniles(oryoung)ofdepletedorthreatenedspeciesarereleasedinnaturalwaters tobecomepartof thecommonfisherystocks.Thesereleasedjuvenilesfeedonnaturalfood,fendoffpredators,grow,breed,andproducemoreyoung,someofwhichmaythenbeharvested.Stockenhancementdoneatseaiscalledsearanching.Japanisonecountrywithalonghistoryofsearanchingforthebenefitoffishingcommunities. Although restocking of juveniles appears to be a simpleprocess,thepreparationthatgoeswithitisnot.Firstandforemostisathoroughassessmentoftheresourcesofagivenecosystemtodetermineinwhatwayanareacanbestbeenhanced.Selectionoftheparentstocktobeusedisalsocrucialsoasnottoadverselyaffectthenaturalbiodiversityofthearea.Thenthereisthematterof how best to mark the juveniles so the releasing agency canassessthesurvivalandthecontributionofthereleasedstockstothefishery.Lastly, it isnecessary toassess thecostsversus thebenefitsofsuchreleases.

RTC Resolution

Stockenhancementshouldbeundertakenaspartofanintegratedmanagementstrategyforsustainableuseandconservationofaquaticresources.

Stockenhancementshouldbeconsideredonlywhenotherinterventions,suchasreductionoffishingpressureandhabitatprotectionorrestoration,haveproveninadequate.

Stockenhancementprogramsshoulduseindigenousornativespeciestominimizeadverseeffectsonecosystemsandbiodiversity.

ForspeciesthatarenowusedforstockenhancementprogramsintheMemberCountries,technologicalsupportshouldbestrengthenedtoensuresuccess.

Seedproductiontechnologyforaspeciesshouldbeestablishedbeforeitcanbeconsideredforstockenhancement,butbroodstocksmayalsoberestockedtorestorethebreedingpopulation.

Asbasisforevaluatingtherisksandbenefitsofstockenhancement,baselinesurveysmustbeconductedbeforeanyreleaseofstocks,toobtainphysico-chemical,biological,andsocioeconomicinformation,especiallythecharacteristicsofthereceivingecosystemandthestakeholdercommunities.

Hatchery-producedjuvenilesusedforstockenhancementshouldbecarefullyscreenedforgeneticmakeupandhealthstatustoensurethatgeneticdiversityisconservedandonlygoodqualityjuvenilesarereleased.

Impactsofthestockenhancementactivityshouldbemonitoredandevaluatedonaregularbasis,usingthesamemethodsandcoveringthesameareaorecosystemasthebaselinesurvey.

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Plans of action

1.Researchanddevelopmentwillbeconductedonspeciesofinternationalconcernbasedon:

ListofspeciesidentifiedattheRTCRegionalconcerns–prioritygiventocommonspeciesandproblemareasidentifiedbytheMemberCountriesTechnologygapsidentifiedbyeachMemberCountryAvailableresourcesoftheProgramMandatefromtheSEAFDECCouncil

�.Appropriatetechnologiesforstockenhancementwillbeverified:

TechnologiesdevelopedbyAQDTechnologiesdevelopedbyMemberCountries

�.ThecapabilityoftheMemberCountriesforappropriatestockenhancementwillbestrengthenedthroughtraining,studytours,publications,anddisseminationofinformationregardingthefollowingtechnicalareas:

Planningandmanagementofstockenhancement,includingreviewofexistingactivitiesAssessmentofsitesandresourcesSeedproduction(broodstock,hatchery,nursery)Releasestrategies,includingtaggingandmarkingMonitoringandevaluationofimpactsCommunity-basedresourcesmanagement

TheCountryRepresentativesidentifiedthethreatenedspeciesfor which stock enhancement may be a feasible and effectiveintervention.Seahorses,giantclams,abalone,andseacucumberswereofcommon interest to severalcountries, and theProgramwilldoresearchanddevelopmentforthesespecies.

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SEAFDEC officials and researchers guide the consultation


Adult sea horses were fed enriched Artemia, mysids, andfrozenshrimpAcetes.Thebiomassdecreasedafter twomonthspresumablyduetoinsufficiencyoffood.Eightadultsdiedduetopouchemphysema,internalgasbubbledisease,andflesherosiondisease;twoothersdiedduetowoundsatthetailsufferedduringcollection.

abalone fishery in Western Visayas and refinement of abalone seeding strategies for stock enhancementSagayMarineReserve (SMR) inNegrosOccidentalhas stronglaw enforcement capability and thus selected as the main sitefor the stock enhancement program. Juvenile abalone Haliotis asininareleasedatCarbinReefinSMRin�00�and�00�wereassessedinSeptember�005.Searchwasdone5metersleftandrightofsixpermanent�0-metertransectsinstalledatthesite.Nohatchery-bredabalonewasfoundatanytransect. AQD research results generated at SMR were presentedin October �005 to the Protected Area Management Board(PAMB)ofSMR,includingtheMScthesisofRJMaliaoandtheabaloneseedingdonebyWGGallardo.Alsopresentedwerethetechnologies for abalone hatchery and farming and their greatpotential for livelihood. A planning workshop for AQD-SMRcollaboration in stock enhancement was conducted and a newMemorandumofAgreementwasdrafted.ProgenyoftheabalonebroodstockfromSMRwerediet-taggedattheAQDhatcheryandwillbereleasedattheSMRin�006. Yearsago,AQDhaddevelopedthemethodtodiet-tagjuvenileabaloneandtopshellTrochus niloticusbyfeedingthemformulatedfeedsforsomeperiodduringwhichtheylaydownbrightgreenorbrightredshelllayers.Afterthetaggedjuvenilesarereleased,thebright-coloredshellsmakethemeasytoseeoutinthefield.

Some of the invited speakers at the RTC Diet-tagged juvenile abalone and top shell

Population dynamics, breeding and seed production of sea horseAdults of tiger-tailed sea horseHippocampus comeswereacquiredfromManlotIsland,CarlesinNov-Dec�005.The broodstock (6� females and 6�males) ranged 9.�-16.�cm in stretchedheight. About �0% of the males werepregnant and released juveniles within�0 days after arrival at the hatchery.Brood size ranged from �� to 715 permaleandatotalof6,9��juvenileswereproduced. Juveniles were fed newlyhatchedArtemiaandcopepods;averagesurvivalaftertwomonthswas�%.


AQD’s Fish Health Section continued to be very active inresearch and training aimed at establishing a fish disease

surveillance system in SoutheastAsia under the Regional FishDiseasesProgram.Theprojectsimplementedin�005included:

SurveillanceofemergingfishviralpathogensinsomeSoutheastAsiancountriesMonitoringandsurveillanceoftransboundarypathogensinfarmedshrimpsandfreshwaterprawnsOptimizationandstandardizationofPCRprotocolsforimportantviraldiseasesoffarmedandwildshrimpsinthePhilippinesViralnervousnecrosisinwildandfarmedfishinthePhilippinesImmunostimulationandvaccinationstrategiesforWSSVpreventionamongshrimpsControlofluminousbacterialdiseaseintigershrimpbyfish,microalgae,andotheragentsTerminalreportofPhaseI:RecentAdvancesinDiagnosisandPreventionofFishandShrimpDiseasesinSoutheastAsiaWebsitefortheRegionalFishDiseasesProgram,http://rfdp.seafdec.org.ph,linkedtotheAQDwebsite http://www.seafdec.org.phTrainingcourse:DetectionofKoiHerpesVirusandTauraSyndromeVirus,7–1�Mar�005Trainingcourse:AquaHealthOnline,Aug–Dec�005AQD-OIEtrainingcourse:ImportantViralDiseasesofFishesandShrimps,1�–�9Nov�005

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The Regional Fish Diseases Program held its annualprogressandplanningmeetingatDusitHotelNikkoinMakati,Philippines on � March �005. In attendance were the Projectimplementors: Supranee Chinabut, Somkiat Kanchankhan,and Suppalak Puttinaowarat from Thailand;Agus Sunarto andTaukhidfromIndonesia;andECAmar,CRLavilla-Pitogo,GDLio-Po,LDdelaPeña,andEATendenciafromSEAFDEC/AQD.Program Leader Dr. Kazuya Nagasawa led the discussions andintroducedDr.KoichiOkuzawa,thenewAQDDeputyChiefandGOJ-TrustFundCo-Manager.AlsopresentasProjectevaluatorswereSEAFDECDeputySecretary-GeneralandGOJ-TrustFundManagerJunichiroOkamoto,andJapanesescientistsTakajiIida,Kazuhiro Nakajima, Ikunari Kiryu, Makoto Iwashita, MinoruSorimachi,YozoKobayashi,andNobuakiOkamoto. In �005, SEAFDEC/AQD continued its collaboration andpartnershipwiththeNetworkofAquacultureCentresintheAsia-Pacific in the areaof aquatic animalhealthmanagement in theASEAN countries. AQD Deputy Chief K Okuzawa and FishHealthSectionHeadCRLavilla-PitogoparticipatedinthefourthmeetingoftheAsiaRegionalAdvisoryGrouponAquaticAnimalHealthheldatTajSamudra,Colombo,SriLankaon��-��October�005.Othermeetingsattendedincluded:

6thSymposiumonDiseasesinAsianAquaculture,Colombo,SriLanka,�5–��Oct�005FAOExpertsWorkshopforthepreparationofTechnical Guidelines on Health Management for Responsible Movement of Live Aquatic Organisms,Dambulla,SriLanka,1–�Nov�005��thConferenceoftheOIERegionalCommissionforAsia,theFarEast,andOceania,Seoul,Korea,15–1�Nov�005

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Planning Meeting of the Regional Fish Diseases Program, Makati, Philippines, 3 March 2005

Regional Fish Diseases Program


Surveillance of emerging viral pathogens in fish in Southeast asiaNewcell lineswere received fromvarious collaborators: koicarpfromMSano(Japan),grasscarpCOfromChi(Vietnam),grass carp CK from YL Jiang (China), and fathead minnow(FHM) fromA Goodwin (USA). These new cell lines werepropagated successfully. The KT-� cell line was receivedfromDrASunarto(Indonesia)andcarpbraincellsfromCTu(Taiwan),butthecellsdidnotgrow.CellsofEPC,E-11,GF-1,WSSK,WSS�Cl,KF-1,CK,andFHMwerealsostoredinliquidnitrogenattheFishHealthSection,BureauofFisheriesand Aquatic Resources (BFAR) Manila. Likewise, springviremiaofcarpvirus(SVCV)wasreceivedfromAGoodwin(USA) and grass carp hemorrhagic virus (GCHV) from YLJiang(China).Cellpassagesofkoiherpesvirus(KHV),SVC,andGCHVyieldedtitersof10�.1�,107.6,and106.6TCID50/ml,respectively. Tissuesofcommoncarp,koicarp,silvercarpandgrasscarpwere collected from Myanmar, Lao PDR, Cambodia, TaiwanandthePhilippinesandanalyzedforGCHVandSVCV.TissuefiltratesofsampledfishwereinoculatedintoKF-1,FHM,EPCandCKcells,butdidnotinducecytopathiceffects.Intraperitonealinjectionofthetissuefiltratesintohealthycommoncarpalsodidnotinduceanypathologicalsignsormortality. A total of 1�� samples of koi carp, common carp, grasscarp,andtilapiafrom6countriesweretestedforKHVbythemodified protocols for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Ingeneral,theresultswerenotconsistent(positiveresultsintheone-step,negativeafternestedstep)in��%ofthefishsamples.Explanationsandsolutionsweresought. PCR tests for SVCV showed that fish samples fromMyanmar,Cambodia,LaoPDR,VietnamandLaguna/Baguio,Philippineswerenegativeforthevirusbyone-stepandbysemi-nestedPCR.ThePCRtestforGCHVwasstandardized. Inaddition,tissuesofgrouperandsnapperwerecollectedfromCambodiaandassayedforviralnervousnecrosis(VNN)virusandiridovirusbycellculture,PCR,andhistopathology.Noviruswasisolatedbycellculture,butnestedPCRforVNNwas positive in � of 9 fish samples. PCR tests for iridovirusisstillpending.Thehistologicalprofileofthegroupertissueswasnormalexceptforafewmonogenean-likeparasitesonthegills.Thesnappertissuesshowedinflammatoryinfiltrationwithfocalnecrosisofthekidneys.Thebrainandgillswererelativelynormalbutthegillsharboredmonogenean-likeparasites. Inthelatterpartoftheyear,koicarpswerealsocollectedfromPampanga, JalajalaandDavao in thePhilippines.Virusisolation,pathogenicitytests,andPCRtestshowedthesewerenegativeforKHV.TestsforSVCVandGCHDVareongoing. VisitstogovernmentagenciesindicatedthatVietnamhasfacilitiesforcellcultureandPCR,andMyanmarforPCR.BothCambodiaandLaoPDRdonotconductvirusdiagnosis.LaoPDRhasoneresearcherwithtechnicaltraininginfishdiseasesbutuses the laboratoryfacilitiesof theVeterinarySection. InthePhilippines,BFARprovidesviraldetectionservicesbyPCRonly.

AQD works with FRA Japan on KHV

TheFisheriesResearchAgencyofJapanengagedSEAFDEC/AQD to develop methods to prevent and control koi herpesvirusandothervirulentdiseases fromspreading.Koiherpesvirus(KHV)recentlybecameamajorthreattokoiandcommoncarp production worldwide, including the wild populations.Epizooticsofthediseaseinvolvingfishofallageshavebeenreported.

Comparison of characteristics of KHV

isolates from asia

GD Lio-Po, LD de la Peña, J Kurita, M Sano, S Miwa, K Way, C Tu, J Somga, ZA

Orozco, MG Paner

Samples of koi or common carp Cyprinus carpio wereobtained from Cambodia, PR China, Indonesia, Lao PDR,Myanmar, Philippines, Taiwan and Vietnam inApr �00� toMar�005fordetectionofthekoiherpesvirus(KHV).VirusassaysconsistedofvirusisolationbycellcultureinKF-1cells,pathogenicity tests in healthy, naïve common carp, and byPCR.Alldiagnostic testsyieldednegativeresults,except thePRChinaandTaiwansamplesthatwerepositivebyPCR—koiobtainedfromafishtradeshowinPRChinaandinterceptedbyquarantineinspectorsattheManilaairport,andkoi(frozenat–�0°C)fromaKHVoutbreakinTaiwaninFeb�00�.SimilarfishsampleswereagainobtainedfromCambodia,LaoPDR,Myanmar, Philippines, and Vietnam in Sep �005 and nowbeingprocessed. IsolatesofKHVwerealsoobtainedfromMalaysianfishimportedintotheUnitedKingdom.PathogenicitytestsoftheMalaysianKHVshowedthat intraperitoneal injectioncaused100%mortality amonghealthy, naïve commoncarpwith1�gfishdying6-9dayspost-exposureand6gfishdyingin10-1�days.Ofcarpexposed toKHVbybath�0%diedamong1�gfishand�0%diedamong6gfish.Someexperimentallyinfectedfishmanifestedgrayishgills,distendedabdomens,andhemorrhagic or swollen eyes. No mortality occurred amongsham-exposedfish. KHVwasexposedtotemperatures(°C)of�5,�0,�5,�0,15,�,0 to–5, and–�0andviabilitywasassayed1,�,5,7,1�, �0, 60, 90, 1�0, and �65 days after exposure.The virusdidnotsurvivea��-hourexposure to�5°C temperature,butremainedviableforupto�daysinstorageat�0,�5and�0°C.Temperaturesfrom–5to15°Ckeptthevirusviablefor5days,andstorageat–�0°CkeptKHVviableforoneyear. SequenceanalysisoftheDNAofthethreeKHVisolatesshowed that KHV from PR China and Taiwan are of theAsiangenotype,strainsA1andA�.ThegenesequencesoftheMalaysian isolate classified this asE7 strainofKHV,anewstrainoftheEuropeangenotype.


Screening of important viral diseases of farmed aquatic animalsSeveral PCR runs were made to optimize the detection of taurasyndrome virus (TSV) by means of primers R�, F�, and F5, alldesigned by the laboratory of Dr. Grace Lo of NationalTaiwanUniversity.AQD’s optimized PCR protocol made use of anchordTV as primer for the reverse transcription reaction using thecommercially available Superscript II (Invitrogen, USA). One-stepPCRusedprimerpairsR�andF�withanexpectedampliconsizeof70�basepairs.NestedPCRamplifiedaninnerfragmentof��1bpbyusingprimerpairR�andF5.WithaTSVplasmid,theoptimizedPCRprotocolcandetectatiteratadilutionof10-6andwillbeusedforsamplesofPenaeus monodonandP. vannamei.

Viral nervous necrosis in wild and farmed fish in the PhilippinesBroodstocks and larvae of the sea bass Lates calcarifer and thegroupersEpinephelus spp. at theAQDhatcheryweremonitoredfor viral nervous necrosis. Eggs from VNN-positive spawnerswerealsoVNN-positiveandonly�-�%ofthelarvaesurvivedto��-��days.Transmissionandscanningelectronmicroscopywasusedtoascertainwhethertheviruspenetrated,orjustattachedtothesurfaceof theeggs.TwentyspeciesoffreshfishfromPanayGulf were examined for VNN; prevalence among these specieswas lower thanamongfishfromtheIloiloFishingPortsampledlastyear.

Immunostimulation and vaccination strategies for WSSV preventionExperiments were done on tiger shrimp on the immunologicaleffectsoffourtestsubstances:naturalextractsfromVibrio harveyi(NVh), synthetic oligonucleotides with CpG motifs, syntheticoligonucleotides with no CpG motifs, and phosphate-bufferedsalineascontrol.Todeterminetheproperdose,thetestsubstanceswereinjectedintramuscularlyat�5µgand50µgpershrimp.Adoseof�5µgwasusedthereaftertostimulatetheimmuneresponse.In vitroimmuneindicesweremeasured5-6daysafterinjection.MostoftheindiceswerehigherintheNVh,CpG,andnoCpGgroupsthaninthecontrol.Totestthein vivoeffectsoftheimmunostimulants,achallengeexperimentwasdonewithWSSVasinoculum.Shrimpinjected with the immunostimulants and challenged withWSSVsurvived better than those without. Thus, oligonucleotides andbacterialextractsareeffectiveasimmunostimulantsinshrimp.

Monitoring and surveillance of transboundary pathogens in farmed shrimps and freshwater prawnsVisitsweremadetoMyanmaron�-�January,Cambodiaon�1Jan–7Feb,andVietnamon�-9Apr�005.Asidefromvisitstofarmsandhatcheries for sample collection and familiarizationwith the operating conditions in those countries, smallmeetingsanddiscussionswerealsoheldwithFishHealthstaff.Macrobrachium rosenbergiiandPenaeus monodonobtainedinMyanmarwerenegativeforTaurasyndromevirus(TSV),whitespot syndrome virus (WSSV), and infectious hypodermal andhematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) by polymerase chainreaction assays. Histological sections, however, show that P.monodon samples were positive for monodon baculovirus(MBV)andhepatopancreaticparvovirus(HPV).JuvenileScyllaserratafromCambodiawereWSSV-negativebyPCR. Atrip toZamboangaSibugaywasmadeinMarchtovisitAlicia town’s mud crab and shrimp farms. Mud crab samplesfromaqua-silviculturewerenegativeforWSSVbyPCR.SowerethejuvenileP. monodonfromaprivatehatcheryinZamboangaCity. InJune,fourfarmsinZambalesgrowingPenaeus vannameiwerevisitedandtheshrimpssampled.Theshrimpswerepooledinto15samples(5-7individuals/sample)andallwerenegativefor TSV and WSSV by reverse transciption-PCR and PCR.However,6sampleswereIHHNV-positive. SamplingforP. monodoninNegrosOccidental,Cebu,andBohol was conducted in June and July.All samples obtainedfromfarmswerenegativeforWSSVandTSV,butsomefarmshadshrimpsthatwerepositiveforIHHNVandMBV. SpawnerscollectedfromPanguilBayinJulyandSeptembershowed high mortality after collection and were positive forWSSVbyone-stepPCR.SpawnersthatweresampledinAugustwerenegativeforWSSV. Sampling in October, November, and December showedWSSVinpond-rearedP. vannameifromPangasinanandtank-rearedM. rosenbergiifromBinangonan,Rizal.ThetankrearingsystemofM. rosenbergiiatBFSshouldbeimprovedinordertoavoidfungalinfectionthatwasdiagnosedinseveralbatchesoflarvae.

Sampling for fish diseases in Cambodia with the staff of the Ministry of Fisheries

Meeting with the staff of the Department of Fisheries in Myanmar

Packing koi samples in Vietnam


Control of luminous bacterial disease of tiger shrimp by means of fish and other aquaculture speciesIn vitroexperimentin500mlsterileflasksshowedthatthatgrowthofluminousbacteriaisinhibitedafter�daysinflaskswithoysterculture water and after 6-7 days in those with seaweed culturewater. Luminous bacteria could still be detected in flasks withfilteredseawateruntilday9andinsterileseawateruntilday10whentheexperimentended. Experimentinconcretetanksstockedwithshrimp(biomass�0g/m�) and inoculated with luminous bacteria (10�cfu/ml)showedsignificantly low luminousbacteriacount in tankswithoysters(10individuals/m�)andtilapia(500g/m�)afteroneday.NoluminousbacteriawererecoveredintankswiththeseaweedGracilaria(1kg/m�)onday1�.Luminousbacteriacouldnotbefoundevenincontroltanks(withshrimponly)onday1�.Shrimpsurvivalwasverylowinall tanksincludingthecontrol.Oystersurvivalwasalsoverylow. Experimentinconcretetanksstockedwithshrimp(100g/m�)andluminousbacteria(10�cfu/ml)withorwithouteitheroysters(density �6�/m�), brown mussels (15�/m�), or green mussels(1�7/m�) showed significantly low luminous bacteria counts intankswithbivalves(lowestwithgreenmussel)thaninthosewithshrimponly. Experimentinconcretetanksstockedwithshrimp(100g/m�)andluminousbacteria(10�cfu/ml)andtheseaweedsGracilaria sp.(biomass�kg/m�)orKappaphycus sp.(�kg/m�)showedlowerluminousbacteriacountintankswithseaweeds.

Dr. Nagasawa says sayonara

Aftertwoyears,twoscientificconferences, and six booksand manuals at the helm ofthe Regional Fish DiseasesProgram, Dr. KazuyaNagasawa said goodbye toAQDon��March�005.TheAQDChiefacknowledgedhisable leadership and thankedhim for his contributions toAQD’s achievements. TheFishHealthscientistsattestedtohisleadership,howheencouragedthemtoaccomplishtheirresearchandpublish theirresultsboth inscientificjournalsandinbooksandmanuals.

4th Meeting of the Asia Regional Advisory Group on Aquatic Animal Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 22-24 Oct 2005

Launching of five publications of the Regional Fish Diseases Project, 7 July

The terminal report of Phase I of the Regional Fish Diseases Program

24th Conference of the OIE Regional Commission for Asia, the Far East, and Oceania, Seoul, Korea, 15–18 Nov 2005


Training on Detection of Koi Herpes Virus and TauraSyndromeVirus in Fish/Shrimp was carried out at SEAFDEC/AQDinTigbauanon7–1�March�005.Therewereseventrainees–fivesponsoredbyGOJ-TF(twofromthePhilippinesandoneeach from Cambodia, Myanmar, andVietnam) and two payingtrainees fromVietnam.Thehands-on training included lecturesandpractical laboratorysessions incellcultureandpolymerasechainreactionassayforthedetectionofKHVandTSV. TheTrainingCourseonImportantViralDiseasesofShrimpsandFisheswasconductedatSEAFDEC/AQDon1�-�0November�005incooperationwiththeOfficeInternationaldesEpizooties,Tokyo.Therewerethreemenandsevenwomentrainees,sevenofwhomhadparticipatedinthe�00�and�00�AquaHealthOnline.TheresourcepersonsforthistrainingcoursewerenearlyallthestaffofAQD’sFishHealthSection.Dr.YoshiyukiOketanifromOIETokyolecturedontheInternationalAquaticAnimalHealthCodeanddiscussed theDiagnosticManual forAquaticAnimalDiseases – Viral Pathogens of Fish and Shrimp. Dr. ToshihiroNakai from Hiroshima University lectured on epidemiology ofviraldiseasesoffish.

AquaHealth Online, the distance-learning course with 1�different modules was implemented fromAugust to December�005,againwithDr.CeliaLavilla-PitogoasCourseOfficer.Therewere��elearners(�womenand1�men)from11countries.NinegovernmentpersonnelfromtheMemberCountrieswerefundedbySEAFDEC.Theparticipantsfromtheprivatesectorincludedone fromEngland,one fromMalta,and5 fromthePhilippines(�fromBFAR,oneworkinginMadagascar,andaveterinarian).SEAFDEC/AQD also signed up six of its research assistantsin the course. Of the �� elearners, 11 passed and were givenCertificatesofTraining.ThebatchvaledictorianwasMaryNiaSantos of SEAFDEC/AQD who got a grade of 95%.The nextthree topnotchers were also from the Philippines and the fifthplacerwasfromMyanmar.

Participants in the training on KHV and TSV, March 2005

Trainees get their hands on the electron microscope and some

cell cultures

Dr. Yoshiyuki Oketani from OIE Tokyo lectures at AQD, November 2005


This Program included a variety of projects and activitiesaccordingtotheneedsoftheMemberCountries,asidentified

during the Program Committee Meeting, and the site surveysconductedbyAQDin�00�.Manyoftherequestswerefortraininginseedproductionandruralaquaculture.IRAPfundedaprojectto verify hatchery technologies for marine fishes. SEAFDEC/AQD, Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines also agreed tocollaborate in research to improve the genetic characteristicsof the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii andproducequalityseedstockforfarming.

GeneticimprovementofMacrobrachium rosenbergii(collaborativeresearchofIndonesia,Thailand,Philippines)Verificationofseedproductiontechnologiesandlow-costfeedsforaquacultureThirdMacrobrachiumRoundtableDiscussion,�–�Dec�005RegionalPlanningWorkshopforIRAP�006-�010,�0Nov–�Dec�005TechnicalassistanceforaquacultureprojectsintheASEANmembercountriesAttachmentandon-sitetrainingTrainingcourseonTilapiaHatcheryandGrow-out,1-10AugTrainingcourse:CrabSeedProduction,1�Sep–1�Oct�005Trainingcourse:AquaHealthOnline,August–December�005Participationinaquaculturefairsandexhibits

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Morphometric characterization and performance evaluation of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and closely related species in the PhilippinesSamples of Macrobrachium were collected from seven wildpopulations—Calumpit, Bulacan in Luzon and Dinas, Siay,Tambulig,Mangagoy,LakeMainitandLakeLanaoinMindanao(stocksfromMindanaowerecollectedbyProf.HenryDejarmeofMindanaoStateUniversityNaawan).AlsosampledweretwohatcherystocksfromSEAFDEC/AQDBinangonanandonefromtheBFAR-NIFTDC(BureauofFisheriesandAquaticResourcesNational Institute of Fisheries Technology and DemonstrationCenter)inDagupan,Pangasinan.Thesampleswerepreservedin�0%ethanolforsubsequentlaboratoryidentification.TaxonomicverificationofthesamplesbycrustaceantaxonomistsProf.PeterNg.andDr.DaisyWoworoftheNationalUniversityofSingaporeidentified the samples as: M rosenbergii rosenbergii and M rosenbergii dacquetifromCalumpit,Dinas,SiayandTambulig;M mamillodactylus and M latidactylus from Mangagoy; M lanceifronsfromLakeMainit;M latidactylusfromLakeLanao.The threehatcherystocksweremostlyM rosenbergii dacqueti.Thesamplesweredistinguishedmainlythroughtheshapeoftherostrum,bodysize,andcolorpattern. Spawning sets (1M:5F) of four-month old prawn from ahatchery stock (BFAR strain, M rosenbergii rosenbergii) and awildstock(Calumpitstrain,possiblyM rosenbergii rosenbergiixM rosenbergii dacquetiF1s)wereplaced inreplicateoutdoorconcrete tanks (�x�x1m) in April �005. Stocks were fed asfollows:

TreatmentA:lowprotein(commercialfishfeed)at�%oftheprawnbiomassTreatmentB:highprotein(prawnfeed)at�%oftheprawnbiomassTreatmentC:lowprotein(commercialfishfeed)givenad libitum

Thereproductiveefficienciesof thestockswerecompared.After six months, the BFAR stock fed low protein diet (fishfeeds)ad libitumspawnedmorefrequently(average16spawningepisodes)thanprawnsgivenfixedamountsoffishfeed(10.7)andprawnfeed(6.�).Calumpitstocksspawnedlessfrequently:9intreatmentAandCand6inB.TheaveragenumberofhatchlingsproducedpergrambodyweightofthefemaleprawnwashigherintheBFARstock(670intreatmentC,665inB,and567inA)thanintheCalumpitstock(59�intreatmentC,5��inB,and��9inA).

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Integrated Regional Aquaculture Program

Macrobrachium rosenbergii


Growth of two strains of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in cages in Laguna de BayPostlarvaefromtwoseparatestocksofMacrobrachium rosenbergiiwere used: CAL (progeny of the native strain from Calumpit,Bulacan)andBFAR(progenyofthestrainfromBFAR,originallyfromThailand).Theywerestockedat15/m�innetcagesinLagunadeBayandrearedforfivemonths,thefirstrunfromOctober�00�to March �005 and the second fromApril to September �005.Inthefirstrun,CALshowedsignificantlybetterspecificgrowthrate(SGR)thanBFAR(�.6vs�.9%)butnodifferencesinfinalweight,yield,andfeedconversionratio(FCR).Survivalwasnotsignificant different. In the second run, CAL was significantlybetterthanBFARinsurvival(�0.�vs61.1%),SGR(�.9vs�.6%),andFCR(�.1vs�.7),butnotinthefinalweight(��.0vs��.�g).

Project members present research results

The project Genetic Improvement and Seed Production ofMacrobrachium rosenbergiihasbeengoingonsince�00�undertheAquaculture Component of the Special Five-Year Program.To assess the progress of the project, the Third RoundtableDiscussion was held in Bangkok, Thailand on �-� December�005.TheRoundTablewasattendedby��participantsfromthecollaboratingcountriesandfromAQD,theSEAFDECSecretariat,andtheTrainingDepartment. TheresearchersworkingintheMacrobrachiumprojecteachpresentedtheirlatestresults,whichwerediscussedinopenforum.Indonesia presented the final report on the evaluation of thegrowthrateofGIMacroIIstrainindifferentlocations.Thailandreported the progress of their work on selective breeding forgeneticimprovementofM rosenbergii.ThePhilippinespresentedfourreports. GeneticImprovementofM. rosenbergiiwas identifiedasapriorityprojectfortheIntegratedRegionalAquacultureProgram�006-�010.DuringtheRoundTable,adetailedplanandscheduleofactivitieswasagreeduponforimplementationin�006-�010. AsetofresolutionswasalsoformulatedforsubmissiontotheSEAFDECCouncil:

ResearchcollaborationbetweenIndonesia,PhilippinesandThailandshouldbefurtherstrengthenedthroughincreasedcommunication.AQDshouldencouragemoreactiveparticipationofotherMemberCountries.AQDshouldpackageaproposalforgeneticimprovementofMacrobrachium,inconsultationwiththecountriesinvolved,forsubmissiontofundingagencies.SEAFDEC-ASEANMemberCountriesshouldbecautiousinintroducingexoticornewstocksofM rosenbergii.

AlthoughMacrobrachium speciesarenative tomostof theMember Countries, bringing in Macrobrachium stocks fromanother country poses risks in terms of disease transfer andcontaminationoflocalgeneticresources.

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World Fish Center Workshop and INGA Meeting in Shanghai, September 2005

Macrobrachium farming, Philippines

AQD scientist MRR Eguia participated in the World FishCenterWorkshopontheDisseminationofImprovedFishStrains:Country-SpecificAction Plans held in Shanghai, China on �1-�� September and the �th Steering Committee Meeting of theInternationalNetworkonGeneticsinAquaculture(INGA)on��September.TravelwasfundedbyIRAP.


SEAFDEC/AQDsentAquacultureAssistantEstebanGaribayto Hue, Vietnam, to provide technical assistance to the ThuaThienHueFisheryExtensionCenter in itsprojectonrabbitfishseedproduction.Steveworkedwiththehatcherystafffrom15to�0June�005.UsingthetechnologiesdevelopedatAQD,theHuestaffwereabletospawntherabbitfishSiganus guttatusandtorearthelarvae.Larvalsurvival,however,wasstilllowbecauseoflowqualityandquantityoflarvalfood,mainlyrotifers.Thehatcherystaffweretaughtthetechniquesforrotiferenhancement. AQD staff visited Thua Thien in mid-�00� to assess thehatchery facilities, andagain from10 to��November�00� totrain hatchery and extension personnel in spawning rabbitfishandproducing larvae.Under theProgram,VietnamimplementsprojectsinrabbitfishaquacultureinHueandmilkfishaquacultureinBinhDinh.

Thedistance-learningcourseAquaHealthOnlinewasofferedbyAQD fromAugust to December �005. Of the �� eLearnersfrom 11 countries, nine participants from theASEAN MemberCountries(exceptLaoPDR)werefundedthroughIRAP. IRAPfundedtwoparticipants,MiMiKhaingfromMyanmarand Seng Heng from Cambodia, in the training course TilapiaHatcheryandGrow-outconductedbytheBinangonanFreshwaterStation on 1-10 August �005. In addition to the lectures andpracticals,thetraineesvisitedtheABCDEFIfarminJalajala,thetilapiafarmsinTaalLake,andtheFreshwaterAquacultureCenterattheCentralLuzonStateUniversityinMunoz,NuevaEcija. Similarly,IRAPfundedtheparticipationofPg.AsamadiPg.Mhd.SallehofBruneiDarussalamandLisaRuliatyofIndonesiain the training course Crab Seed Production at Tigbauan MainStation from 1� September to 1� October. These two took apost-trainingtourofAQD’sBinangonanFreshwaterStation,theABCDEFI’sJalajalafarm,andTagaytaytoseethefishcagesinTaalLake.Floating cages for transport of rabbitfish broodstock

Two IRAP-funded trainees (both in blue) join the CrabSeed course

Myanmar participant in

AquaHealth Online

AQD’s EV Aralar and MA Laron on attachment training at the Surat Thani Inland Fisheries Research and Development Center, 6-30 Nov 2005


The SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department joined manyresearchanddevelopmentinstitutionsfromaroundtheworldinBali,Indonesia,from9to1�MayforWorldAquaculture�005,the latest of the annual forum-event organized by the WorldAquacultureSociety.

Calendars and posters about the ASEAN-SEAFDEC FCG Programs were produced with IRAP funding

AQD Chief RR Platon receives visitors and answers queries in Bali

IRRI Deputy Director W Padolina, AQD Chief RR Platon, and SEAFDEC Special Advisor Y Kato at the SOM-AMAF+3

The �7th Summit of Ministers—ASEAN Ministers ofAgriculture and Forestry and the 5th Meeting of AMAF + �washeld at theTaalVistaHotel,TagaytayCity, from�6 to�0September �005. Ministers and Secretaries of Agriculture andForestry (which include fisheries and aquaculture) of the 10MemberCountriesoftheAssociationofSoutheastAsianNations(ASEAN),plusJapan,China,andKorea(+�)conductedaseriesofclosed-doormeetingstogetherwithdelegatesfrominternationalresearchanddevelopmentorganizations.Dr.YasuhisaKatoandMr.RobertLeeoftheSecretariatbasedinBangkokrepresentedSEAFDEC at the meetings. SEAFDEC/AQD Chief RolandoPlatonalsoattendedsomeofthesessions.Vice-PresidentNolideCastroofthePhilippinesformallyopenedtheSummit.


Participants in the Planning Workshop for the Integrated Regional Aquaculture Program, Bangkok, 30 Nov—2 Dec 2005

SEAFDEC/AQD held an evaluation and planning meetingfor the Integrated Rural Aquaculture Program in Bangkok inFebruary �005, where the Member Countries identified R&Dareasforthesecondphase:

AquacultureofindigenousfreshwaterspeciesIntegratedagri-aquaculturesystemsCoastalaquacultureandmaricultureDevelopmentofcaptivebroodstock

AQD then convened the Planning Workshop for IRAP�006-�010 in Bangkok, Thailand from �0 November to �December�005.TheWorkshophad��participantscomprisingrepresentativesfromtheASEAN-SEAFDECMemberCountriesandSEAFDECofficials.TheWorkshopinDecemberdiscussedtheoutputof IRAP�00�-�005and identified theproblems thatwouldbeaddressedduringthesecondphase. The country representatives also presented reports on thestatusofR&Dintheirrespectivecountriesaccordingtoasurveyformatwherethey:

confirmedorspecifiedpriorityspeciesforeachR&DareaindicatedthestatusofaquaculturetechnologiesavailableintheirrespectivecountriesidentifiedthetrainingneedsandindicatedwhetherthetrainingshouldbeatAQD,on-siteinhostcountry,attachmentinanothercountry,orstudyvisitsforfarmersidentifiedtheinformationneeds,intermsofmanuals,farmdemonstration,workshops,orothermeans

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Theparticipants thendeveloped thedetailedplanofactionfor IRAP �006-�010, including research, verification, training,informationdissemination,studyvisits,andfarmdemonstration.Countries that have well developed farming technologies forparticularcommoditieswereidentifiedasCoreCountriesthatcanprovide technical assistance to recipient countries. Technologypackagesthatarewelldevelopedinonecountryandknowntobeeconomicallyviableandenvironment-friendlywillbeconsideredfor verification in another country. Countries with commoninterests in specific commodities were urged to collaborate inR&D. During the Workshop, the country representativesrecommended1�priorityprojectsandidentifiedthecountriestobeinvolvedinspecificactivities.SomeoftherecommendedprojectsarealreadyongoingconcernsatAQDinoneformoranother.TherecommendationswereadoptedattheWorkshopastheproposedprogramofactivitiesforIRAP�006-�010,comprisingtwoparts:Development of Technologies for SustainableAquaculture andCapacity-Building for Sustainable Aquaculture. The proposedprogram was submitted to the SEAFDEC Program Committeeduring its ��th Meeting in Bangkok, Thailand from 7 to 9December�005,forendorsementtotheSEAFDECCouncilandtheASEANWorkingGrouponFisheries.


AsofDecember�005,AQDresearchershavepublished1,197scientificpapers,605inCurrent Contents-coveredjournals,

�01inlocaljournals,and�91inproceedingsandbooks.ManyofAQD’sresearchersleftduringthestreamliningin�00�,andtheresultingdisruptionledtoa loweroutputofscientificpapers in�005—only��scientificpapersinjournalsandbooks.Theshiftinemphasisfromdiscipline-basedresearchtocommodity-basedprogramsalsomeantchanges in theresearchprojects thatwerehenceforthpursued.Theresultsof theongoingandnewstudieswillbeoutinjournals1-�yearslater.

Bagarinao TU. �005. Regional Guidelines for ResponsibleFisheries in Southeast Asia – Responsible Aquaculture.SEAFDECAquacultureDepartment,Iloilo,Philippines,��pp.

Bagarinao TU, Primavera JH. �005. Code of Practice forSustainableUseofMangroveEcosystems forAquaculture inSoutheast Asia. SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department, Iloilo,Philippines,�7pp.

BasiaoZU,EguiaRV,DoyleRW.�005.GrowthresponseofNiletilapiatosalinitystressinthepresenceofan‘internalreference’fish.Aquacult.Res.�6:71�-7�0.

BasiaoZU,AragoAL,DoyleRW.�005.Afarmer-orientedNiletilapia Oreochromis niloticus L. breed improvement in thePhilippines.Aquacult.Res.�6:11�-119.

Catap ES, Traviña RD. �005. Experimental transmission ofHepatopancreatic Parvovirus (HPV) infection in Penaeus monodon postlarvae, pp. �15-��0. In: Walker P, Lester R,Bondad-Reantaso MG (eds). Diseases in Asian AquacultureV. Fish Health Section, Asian Fisheries Society, Manila,Philippines.

Cuvin-Aralar ML. �005. Microcystins from the cyanobacteriaMicrocystis aeruginosainLagunadeBay,Philippines,pp.116-1��.In:Cuvin-Aralaretal.(�005)below.

Cuvin-Aralar ML, Punongbayan RS, Santos-Borja A, CastilloLV,ManaliliEV,MendozaMM(eds).�005.ProceedingsoftheFirstNationalCongressonPhilippineLakes (LakeCon�00�).Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization andSoutheast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study andResearchinAgriculture,LosBaños,Laguna,Philippines.

DelaPeñaMR,VillegasCT.�005.Cellgrowth,effectoffiltrate,and nutritive value of the tropical prasinophyte Tetraselmis tetrahele (Butcher) at different phases of culture. Aquacult.Res.�6:1500-150�.

Eguia RV, Delos Reyes A Jr. �005. High-density tank cultureof Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) using lake water witheffluent management, pp. �05-�1�. In: Cuvin-Aralar et al.(�005)above.

EvangelistaAD,FortesNR,SantiagoCB.�005.ComparisonofsomeliveorganismsandartificialdietasfeedforAsiancatfishClarias macrocephalus(Gunther)larvae.J.Appl.Ichthyol.�1:��7-��.

Funkensteina B, Dymana A, Lapidota Z, de Jesus-Ayson EG,GertlercA,AysonFG.�005.Expressionandpurificationofabiologically active recombinant rabbitfish (Siganus guttatus)growthhormone.Aquaculture�50:50�-515.

GapasinRSJ,PolohanB.�005.Responseofthetropicalabalone,Haliotis asinina, larvae on combinations of attachment cues.Hydrobiologia5��:�01-�06.

Research Publications


HoJS,KimIH,Cruz-LacierdaER,NagasawaK.�005.Sealice(Copepoda,Caligidae)parasiticonmarinefishesculturedinthePhilippines.J.Fish.Soc.Taiwan�1:��5-�50.

Lavilla-PitogoCR,delaPeñaLD,PanerMR.�005.Qualitativeand quantitative comparison of bacterial flora associatedwith hatchery-reared and wild-caught shrimp postlarvae.In: Proceedings of the International Workshop onAntibioticResistanceinAquacultureEnvironments;��-�5February�005;ChiangMai,Thailand.(CD-ROM)

Leaño EM, Lio-Po GD, Nadong LA, Tirado AC, Sadaba RB,GuanzonNGJr.�005.Microfloraofthe“greenwater”culturesystem of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon.Aquacult. Res �6:15�1-15�7.

Lio-Po GD, Leaño EM, Peñaranda MMD, Villa-Franco AU,Sombito CD, Guanzon NG Jr. �005. Anti-luminous Vibriofactorsassociatedwith the“greenwater”grow-outcultureofthetigershrimpPenaeus monodon.Aquaculture�50:1-7.

Luhan MRJ, Ferrer MSR, Tanaka J, Aruga Y. �00�. Monthlyvariation of agar quality of some gracilarioids from thePhilippines(Rhodophyta,Gracilariaceae).Philipp.Scient.�1:��-�5.

MalupingRP,Lavilla-PitogoCR,DePaolaA,JandaJM,KrovacekK,GrekoC.�005.AntimicrobialsusceptibilityofAeromonas spp.,Vibrio spp.andPlesiomonas shigelloides isolated in thePhilippinesandThailand.Internat.J.AntimicrobialAgents�5:��5-�5�.

MatsuuraT,SalayoND,SiarSV,BaticadosDB,PrimaveraJH.�00�.Changes in farmmanagementandproductionsystems:responsetoshrimpcultureproblemsinthePhilippines.JapanRegionalFisheriesResearch�5:5�-66.

Romana-Eguia MR, Ikeda M, Basiao ZU, Taniguchi N. �005.Genetic changes during mass selection for growth in NiletilapiaOreochromis niloticus (L.)assessedbymicrosatellites.Aquacult.Res.�6:69-7�.

SantiagoCB,FockenU,GonzalAC,LaronMA.�005.AquaculturepracticesinLagunadeBay,Philippines,pp.19�-�0�.In:Cuvin-Aralaretal.(�005)above.

TendenciaEA,delaPeñaMR,ChorescaCHJr.�005.EfficiencyofChlorella sp.andTilapia hornorumincontrollingthegrowthofluminousbacteriainasimulatedshrimpcultureenvironment.Aquaculture��9:55-6�.

TendenciaEA,Lavilla-PitogoCR.�005.Antimicrobialresistancein bacteria isolated from aquaculture environments in thePhilippines. In: Proceedings of the International WorkshoponAntibioticResistanceinAquacultureEnvironments;��-�5February�005;ChiangMai,Thailand.(CD-ROM)

Elvira O. Tan Memorial Award 2005Best Paper in Aquaculture

ZU Basiao, RW doyle, aL aragoAfarmer-orientedNiletilapia,Oreochromis niloticus

L.breedimprovementinthePhilippinesAquacultureResearch�6:11�-119(�005)

DA-BAR R&D Paper Awards 2005

ET quinitio, VR alava, J de Pedro, Z Orozco, M Wille ReproductiveperformanceofmudcrabScylla serrata

feddietarylipids

FdP Estepa, ET quinitio, EM Rodriguez SeedproductionofCharybdis feriatus

Ea Tendencia, MR de la Peña, CH Choresca Presenceofsnapper,seabass,andsiganidinhibitthegrowthofluminousbacteriainasimulatedshrimpculturesystem

Seminars in 200522 Feb JH Primavera Integration of mangroves and aquaculture

04 May CL Pitogo Where in the world is Penaeus vannamei?

24 May C Graf Hatchery broodstock improvement for Penaeus vannamei

24 May C Graf Use of bacteria for pond treatment or soil improvement in Penaeus vannamei culture

17 Jun EFC Doyola, The 2005 Japan-ASEAN Youth Friendship JB Biñas, Programme: Agriculture (Aquaculture) SB Alayon

23 Jun WG Yap Constraints to optimizing milkfish production potentials in the Philippines

26 Jul CM Caipang Development of DNA vaccines for marine fish

28 Jul M Langdown The zonation and distribution of mangrove K Hutchinson flora and fauna in relation to topographical height and tidal inundation

16 Aug JA Amar Evaluation of amino acid-chelated trace elements as dietary supplements in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

01 Sep K Hoffman DNA nucleotides and Vannagen

15 Sep JH Primavera EC-CAMS and EASY GOES in Nha Trang, CL Pitogo Vietnam ET Quinitio FDP Estepa ME Rodriguez

10 Nov JM Oclarit Application of marine biotechnology in MR de la Peña aquaculture and medicine

25 Nov JH Primavera Agusan Marsh and Mainit Lake TU Bagarinao


TrainingTraining courses at SEAFDEC/AQD in 2005

Training Courses Duration Trainees (type, group) Number, gender Age (yr) Countries represented Funding

Farmers Training in Integrated Fish Farming (AQD-BFS with ABCDEFI; 4 sessions)

27–28 Jan 31 Jan–1 Feb 10–11 Feb 31 Mar–1 Apr

Fish farmers, Municipal Agriculture Officers

174M + 41F 33–65 Philippines DOST

Farmers’ Training in Freshwater Aquaculture 24–25 Feb 26-27 Apr

Fish farmers, Municipal Agriculture Officers

32M + 2F 17M + 14 F

37–51 Philippines DOST

Tilapia Hatchery and Grow-Out Operations 14–18 Mar Private farmers 2M 26, 50 Philippines Personal

Induced Spawning of Bighead Carp 14–18 Mar Private farmers 1M 40 Philippines Personal

Use of PCR in the Detection of White Spot Syndrome Virus

12–15 Jan 15–19 Mar

Govt officers, private sector

1M + 2F 22–33 Philippines Capiz Province 2, Personal 1

Detection of Koi Herpes Virus and Taura Syndrome Virus in Fish/Shrimp

7–12 Mar Govt officers 4M + 3F 24–47 Philippines, Cambodia, Myanmar, Vietnam

GOJ-TF 5, NAFIQAVED 2

Use of PCR in the Detection of Shrimp Viruses

15–19 Mar Govt officers 1M + 4F 31–44 Philippines BFAR-AQD

Responsible Aquaculture as a Component of Integrated Ecosystems Management

18–29 Apr Govt officers, lecturers, researchers, environment advocates

8M + 3F 25–45 Philippines, China, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam

UNESCO-MAB-SeaBRnet, AQD

Marine Fish Hatchery 4 May–16 Jun Govt officers, technician, aquaculturists

12M + 2F 18–44 Philippines, Singapore, Iran, Sri Lanka, Saudi Arabia

Iran govt, personal

Freshwater Aquaculture 18 May–4 Jun College instructors 4M + 4F 30–51 Philippines TESDA 8

Research Internship for Faculty 1 Jul–30 Nov College instructor 1F 32 Philippines Cavite State Univ - Naic

Environment-Friendly Shrimp Farming 19 Jul–15 Aug Hatchery technicians 3M 28 Saudi Arabia Saudi National Prawn Co. 3

Freshwater Aquaculture 26–27 Jul Vigan fish farmers 37M + 7F Philippines Vigan City 44

Tilapia Hatchery and Grow-Out Operation 1–10 Aug Govt officers 1M + 5F 23–52 Myanmar, Cambodia, Philippines

GOJ-TF 2Rizal LGU 4

AquaHealth Online Aug – Dec (19 weeks)

Govt officers, Veterinarian, private sector

14M + 9F 22–52 Philippines, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, Malta

ASEAN 9, BFAR 3, AQD 7, personal 4

Biotech Techniques and Instrumentation 7–14 Aug Govt officers 5M + 10F 22–49 Philippines BFAR, AQD

Freshwater Aquaculture 17 Aug – 6 Sep Students, farmer 2M + 1F 29–32 Philippines, Chile, Ecuador Personal

Crab Seed Production 14 Sep – 14 Oct Govt officers, academe, private sector

6M + 4F 32–55 Philippines, Indonesia, Brunei Darussalam, China, Malaysia, Federated States of Micronesia

GOJ-TF 2; AQD 1 Cavite State Univ 1 personal 6

Important Viral Diseases of Shrimps and Fishes

14–29 Nov Govt officers 3M + 7F 24–45 Philippines, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam

GOJ-TF 10, OIE

Hatchery and Grow-out of Abalone 14–29 Nov Govt officers, researcher, technicians

10 M 22–45 Philippines, Vietnam, Canada, Federated States of Micronesia

Personal

BIMP-EAGA Participatory Workshop on Responsible Aquaculture Development

13–16 Dec Govt officers 36M + 4F Malaysia ASEAN Foundation

Total 25 sessions 356M + 106F

AQD Aquaculture Department; BFS Binangonan Freshwater Station; DOST Department of Science and Technology; ABCDEFI Aquaculture-Based Countryside Development Enterprises Foundation, Inc.; TESDA Technical Education and Skills Development Authority; UNESCO United Nations Educational Social and Cultural Organization; MAB Man and the Biosphere Reserve; SeaBRnet Southeast Asian Biosphere Reserves Network; GOJ-TF Government of Japan Trust Fund; NAFIQAVED National Fisheries Quality Assurance and Veterinary Directorate of Vietnam; DA-BFAR Department of Agriculture Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources; OIE Office International des Epizooties; BIMP-EAGA Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia-Philippines East Asian Growth Area; ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations


Internships (for a fee) and on-the-job training, 2005Interns' Institution Academic course Assignment at AQD Sessions # by gender

Iloilo and Western VisayasPhil Science High School - Western Visayas High School Year 2 FishWorld 13 Apr-18 May 1M + 9FUniversity of the Philippines High School, Iloilo High School Year 3 FishWorld 02-27 May 1M + 5FNorthern Iloilo Polytechnic State College,Concepcion BS Fisheries Dumangas Brackishwater Station 11 Apr - 11 May 6M + 2FNorthern Iloilo Polytechnic State College, Estancia BS Fisheries Fish Hatchery 17 Apr - 17 May 2FSouthern Iloilo Polytechnic College AB Info Tech Library, Data Bank 11 Apr - 27 May 1M + 6FSouthern Iloilo Polytechnic College BS InfoTech Engineering Section 2 Jun - 18 Oct 4MSouthern Iloilo Polytechnic College BS Info Tech Engineering Section 06 Jun - 26 Oct 4MUniversity of the Philippines in the Visayas BS Chemistry Central Analytical Lab 13 Apr-18 May 3FWest Visayas College of Science & Technology BS Electrical Engg Engineering Section 25 Apr- 25 May 2MSTI College BS Computer Sci Data Bank 25 Apr - 25 May 1MAklan State University BS Vet Med Fish Health Section 26 Apr - 25 May 1M + 2FCapiz State University, Dayao, Roxas City BS Fisheries Different hatcheries 24 Oct - 13 Nov 6MCollegio de San Agustin, Bacolod BS Chemistry Centralized Analytical Lab 04 Apr - 17 May 1MIndividual, Tigbauan, Iloilo BS Fisheries Fish Health Section 12 - 14 Jan 1FIndividual, Tigbauan, Iloilo BS Fisheries Fish Hatchery 18 Jul - 18 Aug 1FIndividual, Tigbauan, Iloilo College Abalone Hatchery 25 Jul - 25 Aug 1MIndividuals, Tigbauan, Iloilo College, high school Natural Food Lab 01 Aug - 01 Sep 1M + 1FIndividual, Tigbauan, Iloilo Vocational Course Engineering Section 30 Aug - 30 Sep 1MIndividual, Tigbauan, Iloilo High School Mud Crab Hatchery 21 Oct - 21 Nov 1MIndividual, Tigbauan, Iloilo BS Biology Natural Food Lab 02 Nov - 02 Dec 1FIndividual, Oton, Iloilo BS Fisheries Abalone Hatchery 14 Feb - 23 Mar 1FIndividuals, Oton, Iloilo BS Aquaculture Fish Health Section, Fish Hatchery 14 Feb - 14 Mar 2FIndividual, Iloilo City BS Biology Molecular Biology Lab 11 Jul - 11 Aug 1FIndividual, Iloilo City BS Fisheries Fish Hatchery 08 Nov -07 Jan 2FIndividual, Iloilo City BS Biology Natural Food Lab 21 Nov - 07 Dec 1FIndividual, San Joaquin, Iloilo Bs Fisheries Abalone Hatchery 14 Feb - 23 Mar 1FIndividual, San Joaquin, Iloilo BS Fisheries Mud Crab Hatchery 27 May- 27 Jun 1FIndividual, Miagao, Iloilo BS Fisheries Fish Hatchery 14 Jun - 14 Jul 1FIndividual, San Miguel, Iloilo BS Biology Abalone Hatchery 04 Jul - 04 Aug 1MIndividual, Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo BS Fisheries Fish Health Section 01 Aug - 01 Sep 1FIndividual, Leganes, Iloilo BS Biology Abalone Hatchery 06 Jul - 06 Aug 1FIndividual, Nueva Valencia, Guimaras BS Fisheries Igang Marine Station 27 Apr- 27 May 1FIndividual, Patnongon, Antique BS Aquaculture Fish Health Section 01 Aug - 01 Sep 1FIndividual, Patnongon, Antique BS Aquaculture Phycology Lab 29 Aug - 08 Sep 1FIndividual, Roxas City BS Med Tech, Fisheries Fish Health Section 12 - 14 Jan 1 M + 1FIndividual, Roxas City Masters in Aquaculture Mud Crab Hatchery 01 - 06 Nov 1MIndividual, Ibajay, Aklan BS Fisheries Mud Crab Hatchery 27 May- 27 Jun 1MIndividual, Bacolod City BS Aquaculture Fish Health Section 14 Feb - 14 Mar 1FIndividual, Bacolod City BS Aquaculture Fish Health Section 22 Feb - 08 Mar 1F

Outside Western VisayasDon Mariano Marcos Memorial State University BS Fisheries Binangonan Station, Jalajala 2005 2M + 1FPangasinan State University BS Fisheries Binangonan Station, Jalajala 2005 3MUniversity of Rizal System BS Fisheries Binangonan Station, Jalajala 14 Nov - 6 Jan 4M + 5FCavite State University BS Fisheries Binangonan Station, Jalajala 2005 9FMindanao State University, Marawi BS Fisheries Different laboratories 07 Apr - 10 May 9M + 4FMindanao State University, Naawan BS Fisheries Mud Crab Hatchery/Fish Health Section 14 Apr - 27 May 2M + 4FZamboanga State College Marine Sci & Technology BS Aquaculture Different laboratories 06 Apr - 13 May 8M + 6FMindanao Polytechnic State College, Panaon BS Marine Biology Fish Hatchery 07 Apr - 16 May 3FDavao del Norte State College BS Fisheries Different laboratories 14 Apr - 19 May 6M + 4FDipolog School of Fisheries Aquaculture Technician Different hatcheries 15 Nov - 12 Feb 8M Southern Phil Agribusiness & Marine & Aquatic School of Technology BS Marine Biology Fish Health Section 14 Apr - 31 May 1F, 1MIndividual, Pagsanjan, Laguna Undergraduate Abalone Hatchery 13-24 May 1MIndividual, Naic, Cavite MA General Science Abalone Hatchery 04 Jul - 04 Nov 1FIndividual, Naic, Cavite BS Fisheries Mud Crab Hatchery 28 Oct - 28 Nov 1 MIndividual, Surigao del Norte BS Commerce Year 3 Abalone Hatchery 27 Jun - 30 July 1FIndividual, Zamboanga City BS Marine Biology Natural Food Lab 18 Jan - 12 Feb 1MIndividual, Bangladesh BSc Fisheries Shrimp Hatchery 19 Oct - 6 Nov 1M

Total 20 institutions 58 sessions 75 M + 84 F


UNESCO – MAB – SeaBRnet Training Course Responsible Aquaculture

as a Component of Integrated Ecosystems ManagementAquaculture Department

Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines

18-29 April 2005

BiosphereReservesareimportantmeanstoensurebiodiversityconservation and sustainable development. Integrated

ecosystems management is the recommended approach to thesustainable use and management of Biosphere Reserves. ManyBiosphereReservesalreadyhaveaquacultureactivitieswithintheirboundaries,orcanreasonablyexpecttoincludeaquacultureinthenearfuture.ThesitemanagersandstakeholderrepresentativesattheseBiosphereReservesarewelladvisedtobeknowledgeableabout aquaculture so that they can properly integrate it in theplanning and management of the sites—along with the othereconomicsectors,andwithdueconsiderationoftheenvironmentandthepeople. Aquaculture is an important solution to the problem ofdecliningfisheriescatchbroughtaboutbyintensefishingpressuredue to the rapidly increasing world population and demandfor food. Aquaculture is particularly important in Asia, whichaccountsfor90%oftheworldproduction.ThespeciesfarmedinAsiarangefromseaweedstoherbivorousfishesandmolluskstocarnivorousfishes,shrimps,andcrabs.Farmingofcarpshasbeenpracticedfor three thousandyears inChinaandprobablyafewhundredyearsinpartsofSoutheastAsia.FarmingofmilkfishishundredsofyearsoldinIndonesia,thePhilippines,andTaiwan.Suchlengthoftimeindicatesthataquaculturecanbesustainable.Indeed, aquaculture can be carried out in responsible ways inharmonywiththeenvironmentandhasgreatpotentialtobenefitthelocalpeopleandthenationaleconomy. The SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department successfullyimplementedtheTrainingCourseonResponsibleAquacultureasaComponentofIntegratedEcosystemsManagement.Elevensitemanagers and stakeholder representatives from eight SeaBRnetMember Countries participated in the course—two each fromCambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam, and one each from China,Indonesia,Malaysia,Myanmar,andthePhilippines.Thelecturesandfield tripswere conducted atAQD in Iloilo and invariousplacesaroundthePhilippinesfrom1�to�9April�005.

At a crab farm in the mangroves in Batan, Aklan

At a tilapia farm in Taal Lake


AQD hosts ASEM Workshop on Education and Training, 24-27 September 2005

TheAsia-EuropeMeeting(ASEM)AquaculturePlatformheldits Workshop #� on Education and Training (E&T) at the

SEAFDECAquacultureDepartment,Tigbauan,Iloilo,Philippines,from��to�7September.ThirtyparticipantscamefromAustralia,Belgium,Cambodia,China,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Ireland, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Spain, UnitedKingdom,andVietnam.ManyparticipantsweretheWho’sWhoin aquaculture education and research, including Prof. PatrickSorgeloos,AQD’sfriendof�0years.

ThegeneralobjectivesoftheASEMWorkshopsare:

Toformulateveryspecificrecommendations(fortheEuropeanCommission)onfuturedirectionsinresearch,tradeandproductionbetweenAsiaandEuropeToforgenewalliancesorreinforceexistingonesbetweentheEuropeanUnionandAsianpartnersforjointresearch,tradepolicies,andproductionmethods

The E&T Workshop aimed to determine future actions toimprovetheinteractionandnetworkingbetweenAsiaandEuropewith respect to aquaculture education and training.On thefirstday,theparticipantstalkedabouttheadvancesinE&Tinthetworegions and got some sense of the strengths and opportunities.MargaretEleftherioudescribedthenewimperativesinEuropeaneducation, including the Erasmus Mundus and the Bolognaprocess.Indeed,thewealthofaquaculturecoursesandinformationthatwerereportedtobeavailable,especiallyontheinternet,wasdizzying.AQDChiefRolandoPlatonpresentedtheSEAFDEC/AQD’s initiatives and programs in aquaculture training andinformation. The participants then discussed ways for universities andinternationalorganizationsinAsiaandEuropetoworkbettertoimproveaquacultureE&T.TheyagreedthatASEMcooperationinE&Twouldbemore immediately fruitful if focused initiallyon formal academic courses at the postgraduate level. Existinginformal cooperation and exchanges between professors andstudentsfromAsianandEuropeaninstitutionsmaybeexpanded

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and formalized into an ASEM-based network. The workshopidentifiedthetopicsofcommonconcernthatshouldbeemphasizedinformalacademicandinformaltrainingcoursestomakethemmorerelevanttotheneedsoftheaquaculturesector. Finally, the Workshop formulated specific ‘doable’recommendationsforconsiderationbytheEuropeanCommission.TheserecommendationsandtheotherdocumentsandoutputoftheE&TWorkshop have been posted at www.asemaquaculture.orgfortheparticipants’use.


SEAFDEC works with BIMP-EAGA

AQD conducted the Training-Workshop on ResponsibleAquacultureDevelopmentinSandakan,Sabahfrom1�to16December, thefirstoffivesuchsessionsunder theASEANHuman Resources Development Project for SustainableFisheriesintheBIMP-EAGA—Brunei,Indonesia,Malaysia,Philippines East Asia Growth Area. Local arrangementsfor the workshop were made by the Sabah Department ofFisheries headed by Mr.Awang Hj Pakar and the FisheriesCentral Office in Kota Kinabalu. The training in Sandakanwastoinvolveonly1�personsbasedontheBIMPbudget,but�0attended,theothersfundedbySabah.Mr.Pakarpresentedthevisionof theSabahDepartmentofFisheries:amodern,commercial,progressive,andsustainablefisheriesindustry. The AQD team consisted of lecturers WG Yap (whotaught about responsible aquaculture, project planning anddevelopment), NRS Jamon (about crab culture and cultureof marine fish in cages), CM Ganancial (about mangrove-friendly shrimp culture), and Training Officer TD Mallare(aboutseaweeds,oystersandmussels).Thetechnicallectureswereheldduringthefirstandseconddays. Onthethirdday,theparticipantsweregroupedintofourtoprepareprojectproposalsforgrouperfarminginseacages,crabfarminginmangrovepens,brackishwaterpondculture(shrimpsandgrouper),andseaweedfarming.Thefourteamswereguidedindevelopingtechnicalandfinancialassumptions,making costs-and-returns estimates, and determining theviabilityoftheirrespectiveprojects.Theteamsthenpresentedtheirfeasibilitystudiesinaplenarysession.Mr.Awanghimselfmadeapresentationonproducing10,000tonsofgrouperinSandakan. Crab farming in mangrove pens was found notprofitablebecausemangrovecrabsareabundantandavailableatlowpriceinSabah.Thebrackishwaterpondcultureteamshowedthatshrimpsaremoreprofitablethangroupers.Theseaweedteamledhadthemostinnovativepresentation—Mr.Ruzlee Jumatin introduced himself as the CEO making apresentationtohisBoardofDirectors!TwooftheparticipantshadtrainedatAQDbefore.

BIMP-EAGA trainees in Sandakan work on their project proposals

The AQD Library

The AQD Library is still the best aquaculture library inSoutheastAsia.Thepresentcollectionbasedontheaccessionbook stands at 1�,�10 monographs, �,��7 SEAFDECpublications,�,075boundserialvolumes,9,�57pamphlets,and a variety ofmaps, posters,microfiche andCD-ROMs.Our Follet database collections stands at ��,150 titlesand 5�,��5 volumes/copies as of �1 Dec �005.The Folletdatabase collections are available for use at the Library,throughtheinternetviaonlinepublicaccess(OPAC)attheAQD website and at the library local area network. Dataencoding,barcoding,andupdatingoflibrarymaterialsintheFolletdatabasearecontinuingconcerns. TheAQDLibrarianattendedtheInternationalBookFairat theWorldTradeCenter inPasayCity from�1Aug to�Sep�005andbought10aquaculturebookswithfundsfrompaymentsforlostlibrarymaterials.TheLibraryreceived91journaltitles/issuesof�00�-�005subscriptions,andrenewed16 serial subscriptions. In exchange forAQDpublications,11� books, � CDs, �6 pamphlets, 15 reprints, 5�5 journaltitles/issues were received from different libraries andinstitutions.NewsitemsonscienceincludingnewsstoriesonSEAFDECAQDwereposted. The Library served �,151 readers and lent out 1,��7materials over ��5 days of library service. About 1,�79libraryusers came from1�6different schools, governmentagencies,andtheprivatesector.Some��,059globalsearchersvisitedtheAQDLibrary’sWebOpacin�005.TheWebOPACrecordswereregularlyupdatedandthe in-houseITservicenetworkisinplace.Queriesfrom��countrieswerereceivedandanswered.TheLibraryserved�,9�5searchrequestsandgenerated1,�5�recordsfromOnlinePublicAccessandfromCD-ROMdatabasesliketheAquaticSciencesandFisheriesAbstracts(ASFA),AquaticBiology,Aquaculture&FisheriesResources,FishBase,andCurrentContentsABESandLifeSciences. InAugust, the Library received a new format ofASFACD-ROMdatabase1971-199�/199�-currentand thiswasinstalledwiththewebbrowserprogram.LibrariesfromdifferentschoolsinPanaywereinvitedandgivenfreebooksandothermaterialsduringthe��ndAnniversaryinJuly. SEAFDEC/AQD publications and duplicate materialsweredonatedtothelibrariesoftheseveraluniversitiesaroundthePhilippines,whosestudentsorfacultymemberscametovisitAQD for training or meetings. The Library also sentmaterialstoSriLanka’sDepartmentofFisheriesandAquaticResourcesandseveralEuropeanuniversitieswhose facultymembers attended theASEMWorkshop on Education andTrainingheldatAQDinSeptember�005.


Information Dissemination

The SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department actively producesinformation about aquaculture science and technology in a

varietyofformatsandmakesthesewidelyavailabletoresearchersandtechnologists,studentsandteachers,farmersandtechnicians,managers and entrepreneurs, regulators and policy-makers.Information-sharing is a shared function of AQD researchers,librarians, as well as training, information, and developmentcommunicationspecialists.ThetargetclientsandusersofAQD’sinformation services and products range from local (Iloilo) tonational(Philippines)toregional(SoutheastAsia)toglobal. The information thatAQD delivers comes mostly from itsown research, technology verification, and related work, butalso from the global information pool.AQD’s researchers andaquaculturistsgeneratethedata,knowledge,andtechniques,andsharethesedirectlywithothersthroughconferencesandtrainingcourses,or indirectly throughbothprimaryjournalpublicationsandextensionmanualsandbooks. AQD publications in �005 are listed under the programselsewhereinthisreport.Theannualreport,AQD Highlights 2004was released inApril.ThenewsletterAQD Matterswas issuedmonthly through email and uploaded to the website. Severalflyerswereproduced to advertiseAQD’s services andproductsforaquaculture.AsetoftarpaulinpostersweremadeaboutAQD’sregionalprograms—theseusuallyhangin theconferenceroom,butarealsousedduringexhibitsandfairs.Thesenewinformationmaterials are not fancy, but they are information-packed andrelativelyinexpensivetoproduce. TheAQDBookstoresoldaboutP760,000worthofbooksandmanualsin�005.Morethan150freecopiesofAQDpublicationsweregiventovariousstakeholdersduringtheAQDAnniversaryinJuly.AQDguestsovertheyearalsogotAQDpublicationsintheirinformationkits.CongressmanLuisVillafuertereproducedthousandsofcopiesofseveralAQDmanualsfordistributiontofish farmers during the National Aquaculture Congress on �7October�005. AQDjoinedseveralaquaculturefairsandexhibits in�005.ThestaffoftheBinangonanFreshwaterStationputuptheAQDexhibitsinandaroundMetroManila. AQDmaintainsthewebsitewww.seafdec.org.phandhoststhewebsiteoftheFishHealthSectionoftheAsianFisheriesSocietyat www.afs-fhs.seafdec.org.ph. The AQD website is currentlybeingrevisedandupdated. TIDHeadTUBagarinao,InformationAssistantASLedesma,andNetworkandSystemsAdministrator JBGebucionattendedtheSixthMeetingoftheInformationStaffExchangeProgramofSEAFDEC,held inPattaya,Thailand from1� to16December�005.ISEPsupportscapacity-buildingfortheinformationstaffoftheSecretariatandtheDepartments.

Visitors from the Secretariat of the Pacific Community take a tour of AQD facilities, December 2005

UpontherequestoftheSecretariatofthePacificCommunity,AQDarrangedastudytourforapartyoffiveheadedbyDr.SatyaNandlaltovisittheAQDfacilitiesandsomeprivatemudcrabfarmsinPanayfrom5to10December�005.TheSPCvisitorsdiscussedtheirinterestswithAQDresearchersandaquaculturists.


AQD booth at the Bangus Congress

SEAFDEC/AQD joined the �nd Bangus Congress andExhibition on ��-�9 April �005 at Bonuan Binloc, DagupanCity.The aimwas tounify thebangus industry towardsglobalcompetitiveness.TheBangusCongressfocusedonindustryneeds,issues,problems,andsolutions.AQDaquacultureexpertsspokeduringthetechnicalsessionsandledthediscussionofissuesandconcerns, both local and global.At the end of the Congress, aresolution was formulated that highlighted the problems of thebangus industry and proposed the solutions — for governmentandindustrytoacton.TheCongresscoincidedwithDagupan’sfiestacelebration.

AQDsetupaninformationboothduringthethe�7thSummitoftheASEAN+�MinistersofAgricultureandFisheriesinTagaytayCityfrom�6to�0September�005.AQDalsoparticipatedintheInternationalAgriLinkFairon6-�October�005atthePhilippineWorld Trade Center in Manila. The Meralco Foundation Inc.invitedAQDtoshareaboothwiththejointthemeEmpowering the countryside.

OFCA staff members K Sasamoto and K Sakurai assist AQD’s WG Yap man the SEAFDEC/AQD booth in Fukuoka

Upon the invitation of the Overseas Fisheries ConsultantsAssociation (OFCA), SEAFDEC/AQD participated in the �rdAquacultureTechnologyExpositioninFukuoka,Japan,on�1-��September�005byputtingupaboothwhereAQDpublicationswereexhibitedandsold.TheAquacultureTechnologyExpowasoneofthreeeventsduringtheAquacultureTechnologyConventionheld at theFukuoka InternationalConventionCenter under theco-sponsorshipofOFCAandtheAsianFisheriesSociety,JapanChapter.

Agriculture Secretary Domingo Panganiban visits the MFI-AQD booth during AgriLink 2005

SEAFDEC’s information staff commit themselves to enhancing SEAFDEC visibility and communication

AQD Scientist MLC Aralar explains SEAFDEC to some Japanese during the SOM-AMAF+3 in Tagaytay


SEAFDEC FishWorld is a museum-aquarium-visitor centerestablished by the SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department

(AQD) in July �000 to inform the general public aboutresponsibleaquacultureandfisheries,biodiversityconservation,environment protection, and sustainable development. In �005,FishWorldreceived�,500visitorsin1�5groups(7�schools)andearnedaboutP99,000inentrancefees.InApril-May,FishWorldconductedtheR&DInternshipsfor16studentsfromthePhilippineScienceHighSchoolWesternVisayasandtheUniversityofthePhilippines High School in Iloilo. In July, FishWorld held the10th Aquaculture Week. In November, FishWorld Curator TUBagarinao andVisitor Guide EF Doyola visitedAgusan MarshandLakeMainitinMindanaoandcollectedavarietyoffreshwaterfishes and invertebrates. Several beach towns and fish marketswerealsovisitedformarinespecimens.

High school science students visit fishing villages, April 2005

TheMuseumofAquaticBiodiversitynowhasabout�,000species of fishes, mollusks, crustaceans, echinoderms, corals,seaweeds,andothertaxa,andthecollectionsarestillexpanding.Thecollectionsserveasreferencematerialsforstudents,teachers,andresearchersworkingonsystematicsandecologyinPhilippinewaters. SincetheestablishmentofFishWorld,thepeopleofIloilohavereportedtheincidentalcaptureorstrandingofendangeredmarineanimalsalongthecoastsandhavebroughtsomeofthemunderthecareofFishWorld.TheseincludedthreedugongsDugong dugon,threeFraserdolphinsLagenodelphis hosei,anIrrawaddydolphinOrcaella brevirostris, a short-finned pilot whale Globicephala macrorhynchus, a melon-headed whale Peponocephala electra,a megamouth shark Megachasma pelagios, three whale sharksRhincodon typus, a sunfish Mola ramsayi, a leatherback turtleDermochelys coriacea,sevenoliveridleysLepidochelys olivacea,six hawksbills Eretmochelys imbricata, and 1� green turtlesChelonia mydas. Marine turtles are quite often caught by fish corrals inTigbauan,Iloilo.CapturedturtlesanddugongswerereportedtothePawikanConservationProjectoftheDepartmentofEnvironmentand Natural Resources. All healthy turtles were tagged andreleasedbacktosea.However,turtlesthatweresick,injured,ordomesticatedandconfiscatedwereheldandrehabilitated in thehatchery tanksatSEAFDECAQD.TwoneonatedugongswerenursedatSEAFDECAQDbythestaffofDENR,FishWorld,andConservation International, but both died within several days.FishWorldnowhasaHugeCreaturesCollection—thecarcassesofthemegamouth,whaleshark,Irrawaddydolphin,sunfish,andleatherbackcaughtin�005.

FishWorld Matters

Agusan Marsh, Nov 2005

Mabua, Surigao City, Nov 2005


Endangered marine animals brought to FishWorld in 2005 (clockwise): hawsksbill turtle later released off Igang; sunfish caught at the mouth of Iloilo River; confiscated hawksbill from Boracay; leatherback turtle caught off Parara, Tigbauan; Irrawaddy dolphin caught off Siete Pecados, Iloilo; dugong caught off Guimaras; whale shark caught off Jordan, Guimaras


Finances

The Host Government of the Philippines (GOP) approvedfor �005 a contribution of P100 Million to the SEAFDEC

Aquaculture Department through the Department of ForeignAffairs’ InternationalCommitmentFund.Fortunately forAQD,non-GOPexternalsourcesoffundswerealsoavailableforvariousDepartmental programs and projects in research, training andinformation,andtechnologyverificationandcommercialization.TheGOJTrustFundalsoprovides thebudgetfor theprogramsundertakenbytheSecretariatandthefourDepartmentsundertheASEAN-SEAFDEC Fisheries Consultative Group mechanism.MorethanP��MillionoftheGOPcontributionpaidforPersonnelServicesatAQD.

SOURCES OF FUNDS 1 Jan to 31 Dec 2005 Amount

Contribution of the Government of the Philippines 100,000,000 General Operating Funds

Contribution of the Government of Japan 2,609,745 Operating Funds for ASEAN-SEAFDEC Special Five-Year Program

Government of Japan Trust Fund 7,331,030 Development of Disease Surveillance System for Aquatic Animals 4,371,280 Stock Enhancement for Threatened Species of International Concern 1,082,000 Regionalization of Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries 1,877,750

External Grants 10,471,099 Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS) 1,331,364 Republic of Palau 1,673,642 Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) 359,475 Fisheries Research Agency (FRA) Japan 730,893 World Fish Center 435,000 European Commission 4,166,675 Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) Aquaculture Platform 67,219 Degussa Texturant, France 51,899 Cavite State University, Naic 250,000 Technical Education & Skills Development Authority (TESDA) 190,000 United Nations Educational Scientific & Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 1,160,732 Deparment of Science & Technology (DOST) 54,200

Department Agriculture Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources 600,764 Production income from JMANTTP projects 400,764 Private sector cooperators 200,000

DA National Fisheries Research and Development Institute 3,800,000 Income of Research Division 2,660,380 Service laboratories 832,380 Integrated Milkfish Broodstock & Hatchery 497,410 Finfishes Hatchery 311,955 Abalone Hatchery 351,617 Mudcrab Hatchery 66,325 Feed Mill 117,168 Miscellaneous income 483,525

Income of Training & Information Division 3,479,125 Training & Internship fees 2,506,571 Sale of publications 628,543 Sale of UNESCO Handbook on Mangroves 129,726 FishWorld income 98,953 Miscellaneous income 115,332

Income of Technology Verification & Commercialization Division 1,324,224 Production of shrimps 890,765 Production of mud crabs 21,928 Production of fishes 405,992 Miscellaneous income 5,540

Income of Administration & Finance Division 6,460,787 Housing rentals, TMS & BFS 1,582,420 Vehicle use 1,696,414 Interest/dividends 2,450,625 Income from bidding of assets 195,979 Miscellaneous income 535,349

Total 138,737,154

APPLICATIONS OF FUNDS 1 Jan to 31 Dec 2005 Amount

General Operating Expenses 82,931,793 Personnel Services 33,070,108 Maintenance and Operations 34,399,024 Capital Outlay/Repairs 3,626,712 Project Expenses Research Division 6,957,317 Project Expenses Training & Information Division 1,805,205 Project Expenses Technology Verification & Commercialization Division 3,073,427

ASEAN-SEAFDEC Special Five-Year Program 5,239,359 Aquaculture for Rural Development 3,027,414 Supply of Good Quality Seeds 2,211,945

Government of Japan Trust Fund 12,411,899 Development of Disease Surveillance System for Aquatic Animals 6,943,097 Stock Enhancement for Threatened Species of International Concern 1,352,852 Regionalization of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries 2,069,247 Mangrove-Friendly Aquaculture 2,046,704

Externally funded projects 9,755,656 AusAID-Pacap -Poverty alleviation through aquaculture in Manlot Island 214,173 Aquaculture consultancy project in Ngatpang State, Republic of Palau 1,819,409 ACIAR research on growth factors 402,103 European Commission - Culture and Management of Scylla species 2,526,442 ASEM Workshop on Education and Training 140,210 JIRCAS research on essential fatty acids and viral nervous necrosis 1,457,739 Fisheries Research Agency - research on koi herpes virus 472,017 World Fish Center - Survey milkfish technologies 717,103 University of Mahajanga, Madagascar training course in shrimp farming 51,900 Cavite State University - Research internship for faculty 155,611 TESDA-Training course on freshwater aquaculture 182,733 UNESCO-MAB-SeaBRnet Training course on responsible aquaculture 1,161,135 DOST X -Seaweeds production in Lanao del Norte 36,726 DA-BAR Fisheries Sector Program publication of research reports 164,825 BIMP-EAGA Training course on responsible aquaculture 189,339 Frabelle Fishing Corp production of bighead carp seedstock 64,192

Department of Agriculture Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources 889,435 Joint Mission for Accelerated Nationwide Technology Transfer (JMANTTP) 410,940 Collaborative projects with the private sector 478,495

DA-National Fisheries Research and Development Institute 5,854,176 Aquaculture biotechnology projects 437,672 Laboratory Facilities for Advanced Aquaculture Technologies 5,416,504

Committed Funds 21,654,835 Ongoing projects 6,678,422 Ongoing capital outlay/equipment/repairs 14,976,413

Total 138,737,154


Research Training and Information Technology Verification & Commercialization

Administration & Finance

SEAFDEC Council SEAFDEC Secretariat

SEAFDEC/TD SEAFDEC/MFRD SEAFDEC/AQD SEAFDEC/MFRDMD

Office of the Chief

Personnel and Management


dr. Koichi Okuzawa aqd deputy Chief

From the Fisheries ResearchAgencyof Japan, particularly the NationalResearch Institute of Aquaculturein Mie, Japan, Dr. Koichi Okuzawajoins the SEAFDEC AquacultureDepartmentasDeputyChiefandGOJ-Trust Fund Co-Manager, effective 1March�005.

From the Office of the Chief

Executive Order No. 1Creation of a Management CommitteeIntheinterestoftheserviceandinordertoinstitutionalizeandbroadenparticipationofstaffinmajordecisionsaffectingtheDepartment,aManagementCommitteeiscreatedcomposedoftheChiefasChair,theDeputyChiefasVice-Chair,andDivision Heads and Program Leaders as Members. TheManagementCommitteeisaconsultativebodythattheChiefmayconvenetodiscussimportantmatters.

administrative Order No. 19Designation of Program LeadersUponfurtherrefinementintherestructuringofdepartmentalprogramsandinordertoprovidefocusandensurecontinuityin technology development through all the productionphases of aquaculture species, program implementationshall be based on problem areas of specific commodities.The problem-based programs and the respective ProgramLeadersare: Programs Program Leaders IntegratedAbaloneProduction SMBUrsua MudCrabSeedProduction ETQuinitio ShrimpDomestication FDPEstepa MarineFishSeedProduction DRChavez FreshwaterAquaculture MLCAralar

administrative Order No. 22Designation of Atty. Jerry T. Opinion as Head of the Administration and Finance Division

administrative Order No. 44Designation of Office Heads effective 1 Oct 2005 TechnologyVerificationand DDBaliao CommercializationDivision TrainingandInformationDivision TUBagarinao BinangonanFreshwaterStation MLCAralar FishHealthSection CLPitogo IgangMarineStation NRSJamon BiotechLaboratory LDdelaPeña

Executive Order No. 2Amended Hospitalization Benefits of Fixed-Term/Contractual EmployeesStarting1August�005,thehospitalizationbenefitsoffixed-term/contractual employees shall be equal to the benefitsenjoyed by regular employees. Coverage excludes theirdependents.

Executive Order No. 5New SEAFDEC/AQD Job Classification and Compensation (Salary) StructureThe new SEAFDEC/AQD Job Classification and SalaryStructureshalltakeeffectstarting1October�005.

atty. Jerry T. Opinion Head, aFd

The new Head of Administrationand Finance is an amiable lawyerand accountant, part-time Instructorat the College of Commerce andAccountancy of the University ofSan Agustin, former Vice-PresidentofPanayElectricCompany, Inc., andformer Auditor in the Commissionon Audit. Atty. Opinion is 5� yearsyoung, married to Judge Ma. ElenaG. Opinion, with four children, andresidinginFundidor,IloiloCity.

Ruel Eguia FaO Specialist

Ruel Eguia, BFS AquacultureSpecialist and ABCDEF Inc.ExtensionandMarketingCoordinator,was in Zimbabwe in May �005 fora month-long assignment with theUnitedNations’FoodandAgricultureOrganization. Ruel served as FAOSpecialistandassessedthefeasibilityof fish farming in cages in selecteddamsandothersmallcommunalwaterbodiesinZimbabwe.

Dr.OkuzawaalsoservesasProgramLeaderoftheofthenewStockEnhancementProgramandoftheRegionalFishDiseasesProgram, vice Dr. Kazuya Nagasawa. He earned his PhD inFisheries in19�9 from theDepartmentofFisheries,FacultyofAgriculture,University ofTokyo.Dr.Okuzawabrings toAQDplenty of expertise in endocrinological research and technicalexperience in histology, biochemistry, radioimmunoassay,molecularbiologyandbiotechnology,andmarinefishbreedingandrearing.


dr. Jurgenne H. Primavera• AQD Senior Scientist

• PhD Marine Science, UP-Diliman • PhD Science honoris causa, Stockholm University 2004

• Pew Fellow in Marine Conservation 2005 • Outstanding Filipino Woman in Fisheries and Aquatic Resources

Research, Development, and Industry 2005 • NAST Outstanding Book Awardee 2005

AQDSeniorScientistDr.JurgenneHonculadaPrimaverawaschosenasoneoffivePewFellowsinMarineConservationin

�005.Shewasawarded$150,000forathree-yearprojecttoprotectmangrove habitats. She thus becomes part of the world’s mostprestigiousnetworkforoceanscienceandconservation.ThePewFellowsProgramhas selected�9Fellowswhohave completedmarine conservation projects across the globe. Fellowships arefundedbythePewCharitableTrustsandadministeredbythePewInstituteforOceanScience. Dr. Primavera organized a Mangrove Education SeminarWorkshopon1-5May�005for��teachersfromsecondaryandtertiary schools in Panay and Guimaras, in collaboration withthe Department of Education and the Commission on HigherEducation. The seminar-workshop included various lecturesabout mangroves and discussed ways to incorporate mangroveawarenessandconservationintheformaleducationsysteminthePhilippines.TheteachersalsovisitedmangrovesitesinAklan.

Dr. JHP, the ecologist and teacher—equally at home in the mangroves as in the

conference room

Dr. Josette Biyo lectures during the Mangrove Education Seminar-Workshop, 1-5 May 2005

Dr. Primavera and coauthorsDr. Resurreccion Sadaba, JunemieLebata, and Jon Altamirano won theOutstandingBookAwardforHandbook of Mangroves in the Philippines—Panay, published by the SEAFDECAquaculture Department with fundsfromtheUNESCOJakartaOffice.Thisbookhaslaunchedathousandpraises.

Dr. Jurgenne Primavera and Dr. Resurreccion Sadaba, receive the Outstanding Book Award from the National Academy of Science and Technology, Manila Hotel, 14 July 2005


SEAFDEC / AQD at 32

Research Division Head WG Yap talks about the research accomplishments of the first AQD Chief, Dean Domiciano K. Villaluz Sr., and gives an overview of the DKV Memorial Lectures, 7 July

BFS is 29

DK Villaluz Memorial Lectures

Stakeholders get free AQD manuals and books, 7 July

150 Gifts for AQD Stakeholders

AQD Chief Dr. Rolando Platon welcomes all to the AQD Anniversary, 8 July

Anniversary Program

Sustainable Shrimp Culture ChrisMitchumGanancial

Mud Crab Seed Production EmiliaQuinitio

abalone Culture ShelahMaeBuen-Ursua

Grouper Seed production DennyChavez

PenCultureofMudcrabinMangrovesModularMethodofMilkfishPondCultureNetCageCultureofTilapiainDamsFarmingoftheSeaweedKappaphycusPagpapaanakoPagpaparamingTilapyaPagpapalakingTilapyaInducedBreedingandSeedProductionofBigheadCarpEnvironment-FriendlySchemesinIntensiveShrimpFarmingClosedRecirculatingShrimpFarmingSystemBiologyandHatcheryofMudcrabsScyllaspp.BreedingandSeedProductionofCulturedFinfishesinPhilippinesEcologyandFarmingofMilkfishBiologyandCultureofSiganidsMangrove-FriendlyAquacultureResponsibleAquacultureDevelopmentinSoutheastAsiaUseofChemicalsinAquacultureinAsiaRegionalGuidelinesforResponsibleFisheriesinSoutheastAsia—ResponsibleAquacultureThirdShrimpCongressPromotionofMangrove-FriendlyShrimpAquacultureinSEAsiaReportoftheRoundTableDiscussionontheDevelopmentofGeneticallyImprovedStrainofMacrobrachium

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ThanksgivingMassPambansangAwit

WelcomebyAQDChiefRRPlatonMessagebyDAUnderSecretaryCMDrilon,Jr.

WebsitelaunchingbyCRLavilla-PitogoBooklaunchingbyGDLio-Po

ClosingbyAQDDeputyChiefKOkuzawa

Book Launching

TransboundaryFishDiseasesinSoutheastAsia:Occurrence,Surveillance,ResearchandTraining(editedbyCRLavilla-PitogoandKNagasawa)DiseaseinFarmedMudCrabsScyllaspp.:Diagnosis,PreventionandControl(byCRLavilla-PitogoandLDdelaPeña)DiseasesofCulturedGroupers(editedbyKNagasawaandERCruz-Lacierda)LaboratoryManualofStandardizedMethodsforAntimicrobialSensitivityTestsforBacteriaIsolatedfromAquaticAnimalsandEnvironment(byLRuangpanandEATendencia)MabisangPamamaraansaPapapalakingSugponaHindiMakakapinsalasamgaBakawan(byDBaliaoandSTookwinas)RegionalGuidelinesforResponsibleFisheriesinSoutheastAsia—ResponsibleAquaculture(byTUBagarinao)RegionalTechnicalConsultationfortheDevelopmentoftheCodeofPracticeforResponsibleAquacultureinMangroveEcosystems(byVTSulit)RegionalTechnicalConsultationontheAquacultureofPenaeus vannameiandOtherExoticShrimpsinSoutheastAsia(byVTSulit)

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Website Launching

GOJTrustFundRegionalFishDiseasesProgram

http://rfdp.seafdec.org.ph

Guided Tours

Mud Crab HatcheryEQuinitio/QGanon

abalone HatcherySBuen-Ursua/NBayona

Grouper HatcheryDChavez/EGaribay

Binangonan Freshwater Station celebrates its 29th anniversary, 1 Aug


SEAFDEC / AQD at 32: Speaker Jose de Venecia visits AQD

AQD breaks ground for the shrimp broodstock facility at Tigbauan

Speaker JDV graced the closing ceremony of the RTC on stock enhancement

Speaker Jose De Venecia Jr. visited SEAFDEC/AQD on theoccasion of its ��nd anniversary.AQD Chief RR Platon gavehim a tour of facilities. The Speaker was an interested learnerwho asked many questions (and answered many others frominterviewers).HeexpressedappreciationforAQD’sR&Dworkandpledgedmoralandfinancialsupportfornewinitiatives,suchasthenewfacilityforshrimpbroodstock. Speaker Jose De

Venecia, Jr., Iloilo First District

Representative Janette Garin, and

company go on a guided tour of

AQD’s hatcheries for seaweeds,

fishes, abalone, and mud crabs

At the closing ceremonyfor the Regional TechnicalConsultation on StockEnhancement, JDV toldeveryone how his familymade good in fisheries andaquacultureandaskedAQDtocontinuetohelp thesesectorstoprosper.

The Speaker also expressed appreciation for FishWorld


SEAFDEC / AQD at 32: Aquaculture Week 2005

Shyne Marie Tanghal, 15 yrs old, Colegio del Sagrado Corazon de Jesus

FirstPrizeWinner

aquaculture is important to the lives of Filipinos

July �005 was FishWorld’s fifth anniversary and AquacultureWeek’s Year 10. From �5 to �9 July, some 90 pupils and 6�teachers from 16 elementary schools joined four contests, and75 students and 5� teachers from 17 high schools joined fivecontests.AQDChiefDr.RolandoR.Platongraced theClosingCeremony,deliveredamessageofencouragement,andawardedtheCertificatesofMerittothewinnersandtheircoaches,aswellasSEAFDECFishWorldtrophiestothebestperformingschools,Leganes Central Elementary School and Ramon AvanceñaNationalHighSchool.Thewinnersalsogotcashprizes,fundedfromtheFishWorldentrancefees.Itwassmilesallaround. ThefirstAquacultureWeekwasheldinJuly1996atthethenAQDMuseumintheResearchBuilding.AQDwasOpenHouseforaweek,andnaturefilmswereshowntopupilsfromthefourelementaryschools inAQD’s immediateneighborhood.For theveryfirstBring,Show,andTell,thepupilsbroughtagreenturtle,aclownfishwithitsanemone,somecatfish,andvariouscoloredplankton.Itwasfun!AquacultureWeekbecameahitamongpupilsandteachers.Morecontestswereheld—painting,essay-writing,story-telling,quizzes,etc.Highschoolswereinvited.AquacultureWeekbecamearegularpartofAQD’sanniversarycelebration.


SEAFDEC/AQD responds to the Philippines

The Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center(SEAFDEC)isaregional treatyorganizationestablishedin

December1967topromotefisheriesdevelopmentintheregion.The Member Countries are Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia,Indonesia, Japan, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines,Singapore,Thailand, andVietnam.The policy-making body ofSEAFDECistheCouncilofDirectors,madeupofrepresentativesoftheMemberCountries.

SEAFDEC conducts research on fisheries problems; generatesappropriatefisheriestechnologies;trainsresearchers,technicians,fishersandaquafarmers,andmanagers;disseminatesinformationonfisheriesscienceandtechnologies;andrecommendspoliciespertainingtothefisheriessector.

SEAFDEChasfourDepartmentsthatfocusondifferentaspectsoffisheriesdevelopment:

TheTrainingDepartment(TD)inSamutPrakan,Thailand(1967)fortraininginmarinecapturefisheriesTheMarineFisheriesResearchDepartment(MFRD)inSingapore(1967)forpost-harvesttechnologiesTheAquacultureDepartment(AQD)inTigbauan,Iloilo,Philippines(197�)foraquacultureresearchanddevelopmentTheMarineFisheryResourcesDevelopmentandManagementDepartment(MFRDMD)inKualaTerengganu,Malaysia(199�)forthedevelopmentandmanagementoffisheryresourcesintheexclusiveeconomiczonesofSEAFDECMemberCountries

SEAFDEC/AQDismandatedto:ConductscientificresearchtogenerateaquaculturetechnologiesappropriateforSoutheastAsiaDevelopmanagerial,technical,andskilledmanpowerfortheaquaculturesectorProduce,disseminate,andexchangeaquacultureinformation

TheAquaculture Department in the Philippines maintains fourstations:theTigbauanMainStationandDumangasBrackishwaterStationinIloilo;theIgangMarineStationinGuimaras;andtheBinangonanFreshwaterStationinRizal.

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TigbauanMainStation

DumangasBrackishwaterStation

IgangMarineStation

BinangonanFreshwaterStation

TigbauanMainStation

aqd Highlights 2005 - SEAFDEC/AQD · development of Fish disease Surveillance System aqd ... 2005 5...

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