APS1015 Class 3: Gap Analysis within Social Systems
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Transcript of APS1015 Class 3: Gap Analysis within Social Systems
APS 1015: Social Entrepreneurship
Class 3: Gap Analysis within Social Systems
Wednesday, May 22, 2013
1
Instructors: Norm Tasevski ([email protected]) Karim Harji ([email protected])
© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Agenda
• Recap of Social Systems (Class 2) • Guest Speaker – Andrew Reddin (Social Capital
Partners) • Break • Gap Analysis within Social Systems • Next week
2
Systems Mapping (Recap from Last Week)…
3
© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Cause and Effect Chain - Example
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Poverty
Result Effect
Hunger
Cause (Proximate)
Can’t grow enough food
Cause (Ultimate)
Bad soil?
Soil erosion?
Not enough water?
Not enough labour?
Over-used soil?
Don’t know how to
prevent it
Rains too hard
Changing rain
patterns?
No irrigation resources?
People sick?
© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
The Vicious Circle
• A symptom (effect) of a social condition can also be a cause, which then serves to further deepen the social condition
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Vicious Circle - Example
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Poverty
Result Effect
Hunger
Cause (Proximate)
Can’t grow enough food
Cause (Ultimate)
Bad soil?
Soil erosion?
Not enough water?
Not enough labour?
Over-used soil?
Don’t know how to
prevent it
Rains too hard
Changing rain
patterns?
No irrigation resources?
People sick?
Malnutrition
Poor Health
Hunger could therefore be both an effect and a cause of
poverty
© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Vulnerability vs. Resiliency
• Vulnerability – The reduced ability for elements within a system to
withstand shocks to the system – Examples of shocks:
• A crop failure/drought • A health crisis/new illness
• Resiliency – The absence of vulnerability (i.e. the ability to absorb
shocks to a system)
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
8
“Root Causes of Poverty” Workshop
Tabe Ere
Guest Speaker: Andrew Reddin
9
Break
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Gap Analysis
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Current State & Future State
• Current State – The amount of “stock” between two elements in a system – The stock is typically a measurable quantity – Examples:
• Amount of water behind a dam • Level of trust in government • Amount of money in a bank account
– The current state can have either in an ideal level, an over-abundance or a scarcity of stock
• Future State – The ideal level of stock between elements in a system
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Inflows and Outflows
• Inflows – An increase in stock
• Outflows – A decrease in stock
• Example: Soil erosion – Excess inflow of water;
insufficient/ineffective outflow of water
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Cause (Ultimate)
Bad soil?
Soil erosion?
Over-used soil?
Don’t know how to
prevent it
Rains too hard
© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Correcting Loops
• The mechanisms for controlling the inflows and outflows within a social system to maintain an ideal state
• Correcting loops are not necessarily “visible” in a system – Example: how do we
maintain ideal state of trust in government?
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Cause (Ultimate)
Bad soil?
Soil erosion?
Over-used soil?
Don’t know how to
prevent it
Rains too hard
• What correcting loop can we form in the system shown above?
© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Correcting Loops
• The mechanisms for controlling the inflows and outflows within a social system to maintain an ideal state
• Correcting loops are not necessarily “visible” in a system – Example: how do we
maintain ideal state of trust in government?
15
Cause (Ultimate)
Bad soil?
Soil erosion?
Over-used soil?
Don’t know how to
prevent it
Rains too hard
• What correcting loop can we form in the system shown above?
• What is the ideal state?
© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Parameters
• The considerations/factors that affect inflow and outflow
• Example: Erosion – Rainfall – Soil type – Landscape/topography – Vegetation type – Land management
• Can be unchangeable or changeable
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Cause (Ultimate)
Bad soil?
Soil erosion?
Over-used soil?
Don’t know how to
prevent it
Rains too hard
• What parameters can be changed? What can’t be changed?
© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Parameters (Continued)
Parameters are one form of intervention (aka “Leverage Points”) to address gaps in a system But… …we will cover leverage points in class 4
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Gap Analysis within Systems
• Goal: – Identify the gaps between current state and future state to
begin to understand how to design an intervention to address the gap
• Steps: – Describe the current state (inflows, outflows, changeable +
non-changeable parameters) – Describe the ideal future state (ideal inflow/outflow levels
and ideal parameters)
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Exercise
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Describe the current state in one area of this system
Poverty
Result Effect
Hunger
Cause (Proximate)
Can’t grow enough food
Cause (Ultimate)
Bad soil?
Soil erosion?
Not enough water?
Not enough labour?
Over-used soil?
Don’t know how to
prevent it
Rains too hard
Changing rain
patterns?
No irrigation resources?
People sick?
Malnutrition
Poor Health
© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
Another Gap Analysis Technique
• PESTEL Analysis – Political: The degree to which government intervenes in a
system • E.g.: political stability, tax/education/health policies
– Economic: The degree to which economic factors affect a system • E.g.: economic growth, interest rates, inflation
– Social: Cultural factors that affect a system • E.g. attitudes toward health, career, the elderly
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
PESTEL (Continued)
• PESTEL Analysis (Continued) – Technological: Technological factors found in a system
• E.g.: level of R&D, level of automation – Environmental: Ecological and environmental factors in a
system • E.g.: weather, climate, land use/degradation
– Legal: The man-made laws governing a system • E.g. tax/employment/health laws, type of legal system
(e.g. civil, common, religious)
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© Norm Tasevski & Karim Harji
What did we learn?
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