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AstaREALAstaREAL® ® AstaxanthinAstaxanthin:: IntroductionIntroduction

Nature’s Power to Human HealthNature’s Power to Human Health

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• What is Astaxanthin?What is Astaxanthin?

• Why is it so potent? Why is it so potent?

• Health BenefitsHealth Benefits

• RegulatoryRegulatory

• Marketing AstaxanthinMarketing Astaxanthin

• AstaREAL Bulk Product ListAstaREAL Bulk Product List

P R E S E N T A T I O N O U T L I N E

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1938 1938 Lobster Lobster (Astacus gammarus) Discovered(Astacus gammarus) Discoveredby Nobel Laureate Dr Kuhnby Nobel Laureate Dr Kuhn

Present Day Present Day Other SourcesOther SourcesMicroalgae Microalgae (Haematococcus pluvialis)(Haematococcus pluvialis)Yeast Yeast (Phaffia rhodozyma)(Phaffia rhodozyma)BacteriaBacteria (Agrobacterium aurantiacum)(Agrobacterium aurantiacum)Higher PlantsHigher Plants (Adonis aestivalis)(Adonis aestivalis)Crustaceans Crustaceans ((Euphasia supurbaEuphasia supurba))Fish Fish (Salmon) Typically 1mg per 200g(Salmon) Typically 1mg per 200gBirds Birds (Flamingo, Cockerel)(Flamingo, Cockerel)

A S T A X A N T H I N B A C K G R O U N D

Microalgae 60,000 ppm Yeast 10,000 ppm Krill 300 ppm.Microalgae 60,000 ppm Yeast 10,000 ppm Krill 300 ppm.

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• 732 known carotenoids*732 known carotenoids*• Humans cannot synthesise Humans cannot synthesise

carotenoids.carotenoids.• Need to obtain carotenoids Need to obtain carotenoids

from food.from food.• Less than 25 kinds Less than 25 kinds

obtained from food.obtained from food.• Basic carotene structureBasic carotene structure• Xanthophyll ClassXanthophyll Class

– LuteinLutein– AstaxanthinAstaxanthin

Molecular Formula: Molecular Formula: CC4040HH5252OO44

Molecular Weight:Molecular Weight: 596.82596.82CAS No: CAS No: 472-61-7472-61-7

O

HO

O

OH

A S T A X A N T H I N I S P A R T O F T H E C A R O T E N O I D F A M I L Y

AstaxanthinAstaxanthin

LuteinLutein

-Carotene-CaroteneOH

OH

*G. Britton et al., Carotenoids Handbook, 2004

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N A T U R E E V O L V E D P R O T E C T I O N

FRESHLY CUT OXIDIZED

ANTIOXIDANTANTIOXIDANT

Any substance that slows down or Any substance that slows down or inhibits the oxidation of other inhibits the oxidation of other substances.substances.

OXIDANTOXIDANT

By product of oxygen from energy By product of oxygen from energy production; heat; pollution; stress; production; heat; pollution; stress; injury; disease and many others.injury; disease and many others.

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　　　　　　 e －　　　　　e －

　　　　　　　３ O2 　→　・ O2－　→　 H2O2 　 → ・ OH 　　 O ２　 LH

   １ O2 LH 　→　 L ・　→　 LOO ・　→　 LOOH

  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　 H2O 　　　　　 　　　 L ・　　　 

SODCatalase Ascorbic Acid

Astaxan

thin

 

　　　　↓　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 ↓　 ↓　　 ↓

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 ↓　 　　　 ↓

QUENCHINGQUENCHING550 x550 x Vitamin E* Vitamin E*40 x 40 x -carotene*-carotene*

INHIBITSINHIBITSPEROXIDATIONPEROXIDATION

1000 x Vitamin E**1000 x Vitamin E**

N E U T RA L I Z I N G R O S

(Superoxide radical)

(Singlet oxygen radical)

(Hydroxy radicals)

(Peroxide radicals)

*N.Shimizu et al.: Carotenoids as singlet oxygen quenchers in marine organisms, Fisheries Science, 62, 134-137 (1996).

**Miki, W. Pure & Appl. Chem. 63(1);141-46. (ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species)

Astaxanthin

Vitamin E(tocopherol)

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Quenching550 x Vitamin E

40 x β-carotene

SOD Catalase Vitamin C

LH Fatty Acid

Inhibits Lipid peroxidation1000 x Vitamin E

Vitamin E

O₂

ASTAXANTHIN – Neutralizes ROS

³O₂ Normal Oxygen

H₂O₂Hydrogen Peroxide

OH˙Hydroxy radical

LOOHLipid peroxide

O₂˙ˉSuperoxide radical

L˙ Alkoxy radical

LOO˙Peroxyl radicalO₂

Radical Chain ReactionRadical Chain Reaction

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S I N G L E T O X Y G E N Q U E N C H I N GI N V I T R O

－－ ** 0.0040.004 -Tocopherol-Tocopherol

0.0490.049 2.22.2 -Carotene-Carotene

－－ ** 0.150.15 TunaxanthinTunaxanthin

－－ ** 0.800.80 LuteinLutein

0.120.12 1.91.9 ZeaxanthinZeaxanthin

1.21.2 －－ ** CanthaxanthinCanthaxanthin

1.81.8bb 2.22.2aa AstaxanthinAstaxanthin

CDClCDCl33/CD/CD33OD (2:1)OD (2:1)CDClCDCl33

kkq×10q×10-9-9(M(M-1-1ss-1-1))CompoundsCompounds

The The second-order rate constants (second-order rate constants (kkqq)) calculated for the calculated for the 11OO22 quenching activities of the carotenoids in quenching activities of the carotenoids in CDClCDCl3 3 (FAT)(FAT)

and in a mixture of and in a mixture of CDClCDCl33/CD/CD33OD (2:1) (AQ)OD (2:1) (AQ)..

* Not examined.* Not examined.

N.Shimizu et al.: Carotenoids as singlet oxygen quenchers in N.Shimizu et al.: Carotenoids as singlet oxygen quenchers in marine organisms, marine organisms, Fisheries ScienceFisheries Science, , 6262, 134-137 (1996)., 134-137 (1996).

Quenching: Astaxanthin is effective in fat and water based systems. a550 time more potent than -tocopherol (fat). b40 times more potent than -carotene (aq).

550550 4040

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200400 450

700

960

2940

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Astaxanthin Zeaxanthin Cantaxanthin Lutein ß-Carotene Vitamin E

Antioxidant

ED

50 v

alu

e (nM

)

Scavenging: Carotenoids with oxygen groups are most efficient against lipid peroxidation.

Astaxanthin was the most efficient scavenger. Miki, W. Pure & Appl. Chem. 63(1);141-46

S C A V E N G I N G E F F E C T O F D I F F E R E N T A N T I O X I D A N T S I N A L I P O P H I L L I C

I N V I T R O M O D E L

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0 1 2 3 4

Astaxanthin

Zeaxanthin

Lycopene

β-Carotene

Normalized relative oxidation rates

H.D.Martin, et al. : Chemistry of carotenoid oxidation and free radical reactions, Pure Appl. Chem., 71(12), 2253-2262 (1999).

Pure Pure Anti-oxidantAnti-oxidant

Anti- andAnti- andPro-oxidantsPro-oxidants

A S T A X A N T H I N - I S T H E P U R E A N T I O X I D A N T

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T H E A S T A X A N T H I N S H I E L D

Lignell A., & Wood V., Astaxanthin: Radical Cellular Defense. May 2004 Innovations in Food Technology.

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P R O P E R T I E S O F A S T A X A N T H I N

Antioxidant Potency Powerful Powerful singlet oxygensinglet oxygen quenching quenching and and free radicalfree radical scavenging activity. scavenging activity.

Protects against Protects against lipoperoxidationlipoperoxidation..

Solubility Spans the membrane bi-lipid layer – Spans the membrane bi-lipid layer – comprehensive protection and comprehensive protection and strengthens rigiditystrengthens rigidity

Protection Forms a Forms a protective shieldprotective shield and and defends against continuous free defends against continuous free radical attack at the cellular level.radical attack at the cellular level.

Safety Defined as a Defined as a pure antioxidantpure antioxidant unlike unlike other well known antioxidants that can other well known antioxidants that can become become pro-oxidantspro-oxidants..

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I N T E R N A T I O N A L M A R K E T I N G S E C T I O NI N T E R N A T I O N A L M A R K E T I N G S E C T I O N

4th F L R H A L I F A X O N A R I M O N B L D.4th F L R H A L I F A X O N A R I M O N B L D.

3 – 2 4 –1 0 N I S H I S H I N B A S H I 3 – 2 4 –1 0 N I S H I S H I N B A S H I

M I N A T O – K U M I N A T O – K U

T O K Y O 1 0 5 – 0 0 0 3 J A P A NT O K Y O 1 0 5 – 0 0 0 3 J A P A N

( T ) + 8 1 – 3 – 3 4 3 7 – 2 3 5 3 ( T ) + 8 1 – 3 – 3 4 3 7 – 2 3 5 3

( F ) + 8 1 – 3 – 3 4 3 7 – 2 3 4 7( F ) + 8 1 – 3 – 3 4 3 7 – 2 3 4 7

w w w . f u j i c h e m i c a l . c o . j p / e n g l i s hw w w . f u j i c h e m i c a l . c o . j p / e n g l i s h

E m a i l : n u t r a @ f u j i c h e m i c a l . c o . j pE m a i l : n u t r a @ f u j i c h e m i c a l . c o . j p

C O N T A C T