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AD 702 229

REPORT ON THE EFFECT OF YAW ON ARMOR PENETRATION AND OF GUN TEMPERATURE ON YAW

H. ri. Zornig, et al

Ballistic Research Laboratories Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland

11 November 1936

Distributed ...'to foster, serve and promote the nation's

economic development and technological

advancement.'

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE/National Bureau of Standards

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AD

REPORT NO. 42

REPORT ON THE EFFECT OF YAW ON ARMOR PENETRATION

AND OF GUN TEMPERATURE ON YAW

.• .

by

H. H. Zornig J. R. Lane

DDc HAR 19

1970

u

November 1936

This document has been approved for public release and its distribution is unlimited.

Reproduced by the CIEARINC HOUSE

lor Federal Sciontii'c & Technical Information Sprinofiu'd Va 22151

U.S. ARMY ABERDEEN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER BALLISTIC RESEARCH UBORATORIES ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MARYLAND

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Report No. ±2

JRL/emh Aberdeen Proving Ground, Ld

November 11, 19)6

REPORT or; THE EFFECT OF YAW ON ARMOR PENETRATION AND OF GUN TEMPERATURE .ON YA.V

Project KST 101 - Determination of the Effect of the Pitch of Rifling on Caliber .50 Machine Gun.

Abstract

Section I - Effect of Yaw on .'.r.'ior Penetration

Firings were carried out in r:uliber .50 barrels of various twists of rifling in an of fort to determine the optimum 0:10 but with no con-

i ., clu3ivo roault. The armor penetration was determined as a fmction of thu v.-uv ;n<[ it was found that the effect of yaw was nocligiblo or. penetration as compared with its effect on accuracy at long ranges.

Soot ion II - Effect of gun Tgjnpgrature on Yaw

It was found that a relatively large percentage of rounds fired in a hot gun with caliber .50 10. Ball and A.i". boat-tail bullets have appreciable yaws whereas the 13. tracer flat-base bullet and several modifications of this ballot five much snullor yaws. Recommendations are m^.de for additional test3 with Modified bullets and a gun having a modifiod throat contour before any additional work is done on the determination of tho optimum twist of rifling.

In an attempt to inprove the performance of the caliber .50 Machine (run and ammunition, a study was begun of the effect of changing the pitch of rifling from the ctandard of one turn in !■) inches. The beet pitch of rlfllnp van to be determined for r.n fiinrr\tnitlon loaded to 2500 f/s Instrumental velocity rhere the criterion for best pitch of rifling was to be the penetration of armor plate at rj0 yards. After the best pitch 'van determined for the til bullet at 2^00 f/s both the Ml and T2E1 bullets were to be fired at velocities of 2'j>Uü f/s, 2700 f/s and jJOOO f/fc. From these firings, the most satisfactory

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combination of pitch, bullet and velocity was to be fired for accuracy life In comparison with Ml ammunition.

A resume of the preliminary :,r,nults was made in the 2nd Indorsement to 0.0. ^71.1/^370, A.P.G. 47i.il/255-2. Three pitches of rifling (1 In 13-1/2", 1 In 14«, and 1 in 14-1/2") had been used In the firing but there was no difference) In the penetration obtained, In view of this lnconcluelvenesQ, the program of firings was amended.

The amendments in the program were made in order to obtain the following Information which was thought necessary for a rell- founded Judgement concerning the beet conhlnatlon of pitch of rifling, muzzle velocity and bullet:

(1) The armor penetration as a function of the yaw and velocity.

(2) The yaw and velocity of the bullet as a function of the range, of the pitch of rifling and of the number of rounds fired.

Since the gun is often fired when hot, information ic also desired of the effect of firing fron a hot gun. Thin may be obtained by heating a gun electrically and maintain- ing a certain temperature while firing.

Section I - Effect of Yaw on Armor Penetration

Caliber .50 Armor Penetration Firing

Four barrels were used with twists varying fi"om one turn in 15" to one turn in 12", at intervale of one inch. The bullets used were caliber .50 Ml A.P. and T2E1. The velocities at which the firings were carried out were approximately 2000, 2500 and 3000 f/s. The plate fired against was Class B, either 3" °** 1" thickness.

In ord?r to determine the effect of yaw on the pene- tration, yaw cards were placed at a distance of about one foot In front of the plate; it is assumed that the nutational yaw Is damped out at a range of 50 or 100 yards and that the yaw is due to precession alone. If thin is true, then one card, placed 12" In front of the plate, is sufficient for the measurement of the yaw. Velocities were measured in the usual way by the Aberdeen Chronograph. The penetration

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( ) in the armor plate was obtained by a special gauge which measured the slant penetration and the angle of the hole from the normal.

As the yaws obtained by firing the normal Ml and T2E1 bullets were negligible, several rounds were fired with nicked bullets, flicking consists of filing or cutting away a small section, weighing from 5 to 15 grains, from the Jacket of the bullet,"thus making the bullet eccentric and imparting to It a large yaw.

Data and Results:

» Table I at the end of this report gives a complete record of the measurements taken. The measured penetration is that obtained by means of the gauge and is taken along the axis of the hole. The correcved penetration is derived by multiplying this measured npnetratlon by the cosine of the angle between the normal and the axis of the hole. The yav:s are those obtained from the cards placed In front of the plate.

In order to be able to compare the relative efficiencies of the two bullets fired at various velocities with differ- ent twists of rifling, the dei.arre Coefficient (K) was

("\ computed for each round. Table II gives the mean K for ' eacn coHiDinaxion vxu-u «•>•, ^u.. ID nc^li^il/lc uini tuo in-

dividual K etc. when the yaw Is significant.

An examination of this table shows conclusively that the penetration at 100 yards IK independent of the twist of rifling. Ac between the two types of bullets, it is also obvious that the Ml A.P. in better than the T2E1,

Effect of Velocity on Penetration

As stated previously, the firings '-ere carried out at three different velocities, 2000 f/e, 2^00 f/s, and 3000 f/s. The dei"arre Coefficients are significantly higher for the rounds fired at 3000 f/s than for those fired at 25OO f/s. Since the yaws and the differences in velocity from round to round are negligible, it would be interesting to compare the actual penetrations obtained at each velocity for the two bullets.

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Table III - '.!ean Penetrations and deMarre Coefficients

Muzzle Velocity/3ullet -> locity/3

J/ 2000 f/e

2500

3000

Ml Penetra- tion

A .P. K

T2E1 Penetra-

tion K

l.ll, .92 .9* 1.07

1.53 .91 1.35 1.02

I.61 1.09 1.^3 1.19

While the penetrations are somewhat greater at a muzzle velocity of JOOO f/s than at 2^00 f/s, the increase is not as great as would be expected. However, it is not important that the penetrative power be an optimum at this velocity since, under service conditions, the striking velocity is considerably lower thun the muzzle velocity.

Penetration vc Yaw

As stated previously, in order to get significantly large yaws, resort had to be made to nicking, In thlc way abnormal yaws varying viciely from rounu xo rounu depending probably upon the nature of the nicking, were obtained. The deLIarre Coefficient:? were computed for these rounds and are shown plotted against the yaw on Plots No's 1 and 2. It is evident from these plots that the de.Uarre Coefficient increases with the angle of yaw, as was expected However, the rate of increase of the dei.arre as a function of the yaw IK hot the same for the three velocities. This rate was computed by the method of least euuares for the two bullets at a velocity of 2^00 f/s and found to be about .02, i.e., the del.Iarre Coefficient at any yaw is eoval to the value at 0° yaw plUE .02 times the angle of yaw in degrees.

The equations for the two bullets are

Ml A.P. : K = .91 + .0216

T2E1 K = 1.02 + .C19Ö.»

( )

* In obtaining this equation the point corresponding to a yaw of 30 waa not considered because of its variation from tho other deter- minations.

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where K Is the deMarre Coefficient and 6 le the angle of yaw in degrees. An increase in K of .02 for each degree of yaw is not Important, since the bullet would be apt to miss its target completely at a yaw great enough to decrease signifi- cantly its penetration.

Oblique Impact

Several rounds were fired at oblique impact (30° from normal) with 0° yaw and also "ith nicked bullets giving larger yaws. With the same bullet, the penetration is, of course, greatest when the trajectory of the bullet is normal to the plate. A formula has been derived for the computation of the de!.!arre when the angle of penetration Is not normal to the plate:

K = K0fl + Msec. 0 - 1)J

where K is the cel'arre at normal Impact, Ö is the angle of impact measured from the normal and 7^ is an experimental constant. Tv.wa.6 computed for the t'"o bullets and found to be

Ml A.P. -2.20 T2E1 -2.67

From this, it is seen the Ml A,?, bullet is Better than the T2E1 at oblique impact as well c.s at normal.

The deMarre Coefficients for the T2E1 nicked bullets fired at J0C penetration are very much greater than those for the Ml i.V. niched bullets, as may be seen from Plots NOB. 1 and 2. This bears out the superiority of the Ml A.p. bullet.

Discussion of deMarre Coefficient

Reference has been made throughout this report to the deMarre Coefficient. Strictly speaking the coefficient computed and used is not the deMarre Coefficient but a function probably proportional to it. The dei-arre Coeffi- cient (K) is defined for the caliber ,50 bullet by the following equation;

K2 = iL^-L

6153 {7 where B. L. Is the Ballistic Limit and t is the thickness of plate penetrated. In those te6ts, however, the plate

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was of 3" thickness so that it was never completely pene- trated; t was taken as the actual distance penetrated corrected for the angle of penetration by multiplying by the cosine of the angle that the hole in the plate makes with the normal. The result of measuring the thickness in this way is that the deMarre Coefficients obtained are some- what higher than they would be if t represented complete

« penetration.

For some of the firing with nicked bullets, the plate was placed at a distance of 50 yards in front of the muzzle. For the firing with nicked bullets at oblique penetrations, a 1" plate was substituted for the 3" plate. These changes should not have any significant effect on the results.

Sumrary of Results: Caliber .50 Plate Firings

From the caliber .50 armor plate firing data, no significant differences are discernible between the various twists of rifling used.

The Ml A.P. bullet is decidedly superior to the T2E1.

Although the penetration is slightly better at 3000 f/s velocity than at 2^00 f/s, the difference Is not nearly as

v ) great as would uu expecteu from an u priori conbid oration of the 20> increase in velocity. However, the rounds fired at 3000 f/s muzzle velocity will have greater penetrative power at long ranges than rounds fired at lover velocities.

The deMarre Coefficient is found to be approximately a linear function of the yaw, and may be expressed by the

i

equation

K m K + .02 6, o

where K is the deMarre at 0° and 5 le the yaw in degrees, the velocity being 2500 f/s. The yaw therefore, will be too great to admit accurate shooting before it will have an appreciable effect on the penetration.

Caliber .30 Armor Penetration Firings

To determine the effect of yaw on penetration of face- hardened plate, the caliber .30 M1922 A.P. bullet was fired against 1/^" plate. Large yaws were obtained either by firing from an old marred barrel or by nicking the bullets. In this series of firing the velocities and yaws were measured as in the caliber .^0 firing, but the penetrations obtained were Indicated only as either complete or partial

'..) since the depth could hardly be obtained on this type of plate.

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1 ) The data obtained from these firings are given In Table IV at the end of this report; the striking velocities and the yaws are Included in this table. In order to present the data more clearly, Plots Noc. 3 a"d k were drawn up showing the Kinetic Energies against the yaws and also distinguishing between complete ^.nd partial penetrations. From a study of the plots it is evident that the greater the Kinetic Energy of the bullet, the better Is the chance of complete penetration; however, this is a truism which does not need these firings for confirmation. As far as the effect of yaw is concerned, the results are not conclusive; on the whole, a bullet with a pronounced yaw is not as effective as one without any yaw but it is not possible to develop an empirical relation between yaw and Ballistic Limit fron these firings.

Section II - Effect of Tcnoerature of Gun on Yaw»

To obtain data with resoect to the effect of the temperature of a gun on the yaw of a bullet, one 01 the caliber .50 barrels having a t^vist of rifling of one turn In 12" was heated electrically to a temperature of 3°0P C at the middle and 1700 C at the breech. Four types of bullets wer3 fired: the Service Ml Ball and three modi- fications of the Ml A,P. bullet as shown on the attached Drawings Nos. 2lYfb~k, -S and -C; the contour of the JJ1 Ball is similar to that of the Ml A P. and the weights are equal. The Ml Ball bullet and the S^o-G bullet (3 wide canne- lures) were fired at 2^00 f/s and 2500 f/s rhereas the other modified bullets were fired only at 2500 f/s. The firings were carried out with the gun heated and with the gun at room temperature. For the first 39 rounds, 6 yaw cards were placed at 5 foot intervals from 10' in front of the muzzle to 35'» for the remaining rounds either two or three cards were used. The yaws and the orientations were measured on all rounds and are given in Table V at the end of this report.

• The idea of firing from a hot ?;un aro30 from a statement by IS*. Coudon of the <3:nall Anna Section to the of foot that experience had ab-iwn tnat a new Caliber «50 ;.ajhino Gun fired erratically after a burst of 500 rda. but, when coolod to normal temperature, the aatne gun

) regained its accuracy.

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, - Two Orientation vs Range Charts (Noe. 5 Knd 6) were \ ' drawn up lor Rds, 1 and 6, III Ball fired in a hot gun at

2^00 f/s and 2900 f/e respectively. The observed slopes (tp') were found tc be .OÜ^v und ,0ri7n; the theoretical slope calculated fron the Moments of Inertia and the twist of rifling 1B .Orion. This agreement between the observed and computed elopes io proof that the bullet does not clip In the bore.

An examination of Table V reveals come rather- surprising results. The first round fired in this test (the gun had pre- viously been proof-fired about five rounds) gave, with Ml ball Ammunition at service velocity, a maximum yaw of 23°•* ®? the first 10 rounds, of which five were fired at service velocity and five at 2900 f/s, 5 rounds had yaws greater than 5°.

Tbe percent of yaws greater than 5° obtained during the entire test wore plotted against the round number on Plot No, 7

Plot Ho. 7 shows quite clearly that the curve represent- ing the yaws greater than 5° against the round number is of a U-shape with a very steep negative slope for the early rounds and a gradual positive slope for the later rounds. The word gradual is used only in a comparative sense because the increase in yaw for rounds fired can hardly be called gradual when 9 out of 12 rounds fired have yaws greater than

/ ) 10° in a run fired IPPS than l60 rounds, which actually is the case l'or the Ml firing at 2^00 r/c in a hot gun. For the Ml projectile fired at 2^00 f/s, all of the five rounds have yaws greater than 10° at about 1200 rounds when fired in a hot gun. The undercut bullet 2^76-0 is more accurate since none of the rounds had a yaw as great as 10° although 3 °ut of 10 rounds had yawo greater than 5° • Plot if'6 shows the results obtained with the undercut hill bullets. The erratic results obtainrd in the firing of the first for rounds were probably caused by the rough finish of the bore due to its newness.

After the firings in the 1 in 12" gun were completed, a similar test was run in a gun having a twist of 1 in 14-1/2". Ten rounds of Ml ball were fired in a hot gun at 2fj00 f/e for yaw, 10 rounds at 2^00 f/s and 200 rounds In a hot gun at 2^00 f/s without yaw cards. This sequence of firing wa6 repeated five tines with the additional firing of several rounds of Ml Tracer and Modified Ml Tracer (260I-G) at each velocity. The percentage of rounds having yaws greater than 5° were plotted against the round number on Plot No. 9. There does not appear to be a great deal of difference between the two guns '"hen firing Ml boll

• It should bo noted that tho yaws were iroaaured during tic firat two of throo periods of yaw; at a ran;.o of 100 yards or more tho yawa

\ J v/iii bo considerably damped oat and thoir ofi'oct on penetration will aurely be negligible, provided tho uocuraoy of tho woaion ia sufficient to enable tho bullot to hit tho target,

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( ) Ammunition; neither gives satisfactory results. Of the tracer bullets fired, only one round of IS fired had a yaw greater than 5°. The tracer bullet differs from the Ml Ball in that it has no boat-tall and therefore has a much larger bearing surface.

In view of the very promising results obtained with the Tracer Bullet a more thorough test was made, firing twenty rounds of each of 5 types of bullets, all from a hot gun at 2900 f/s velocity. The per cent of rounds having yaws greater than 5° &re given in the tabulation below:

Bullet % of Rds. Having Yaws > 5°

Standard Ml Tracer 5

" * " Mod.#l (2601-C) 10

" N " Mod.#2 (2601-D) 0

Standard Ml Ball 27.6 (IS rds.*)

■ ■ " nodjn (2^76-A) 75

It is obvious, frnm an examination of these results, that the flat base bullet is superior, at least as far as initial yaw is concerned. The advantage of the boat-tail is hardly significant at velocities above that of sound; the decided superiority of the flat-base bullet in accuracy certninly compensates for the slight Increase in air re- sistance of the bullet.

The Kl Tracer, llodlf. #1 (2601-C), Is out down to .500" diameter at a point ,Uo" from the base. The cartridge case was crimped at this point, which results in the bullet seating forward by .305"« 1'his is essentially the bullet designed by Colonel Zornig (Drawing ^8129,507) and referred to in the 1st Ind. 0.0. hjZ^U-ßS^l. It did not result in any improvement in accuracy over the Standard Tracer but in an old gun, the lands of which have been eroded at the breech, increasing the seating might be desirable in order to have the bullet in contact with the lands before firing and thus be oriented properly. The over-all dimensions of cartridge and bullet is increased, making it impossible to fire this round in a present type belt-loaded Cal. .50

Two rounds vient through one hole; yawa could not be read,

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\ ) machine pun. However, a barrel with a modified throat contour to give a similar effect of increased original bearing length without the use of a lor, er cartridge has been received.

In order to teat the Tracer bulleto for slippage, a round of each type was fired from a 1 in 15" gun for yaw and orientation. Plots Nos. 10-12 show the orientation vs distance from the muzzle for the three bullets. A comparison of the observed and computed values of <p' is given below;

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Computed (from moments of Inertia) ,072TT

Observed - MI Tracer .071n M " Mod. No. 1 ,072n H " Mod. No.-2 ,0?3n

The close agreement betveen observed and calculated values shows that the bullets gain full spin In the bore. Since they have smaller initial yaws, they are undoubtedly

' ) more accurate at longer ranges than the Ball Ml.

Conclusions

The large yaws obtained in the firing of the Caliber .50 Ml bullet in a hot new gun, and the fact that the gun will almost always be hot under service conditions, make a discontinuance of the test seen advisable. There is no apparent reason for choosing the best of a number of pitches of rifling from the point of view of accxiracy life when a new gun gives such poor results

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It appears that a better bullet should be developed before an attempt ie made to decide upon the pitch of rifling or to raise the velocity. Some of the results reported in this test should be suggestive in this connection.

In view of the small effect of yaw on armor penetration, the yaw is Important, only as one of the determinants of the accuracy, since the bullet "111 be inaccurate due to its yaw before it ^m decrease significantly in penetrative power. It is not necessary, therefore, to measure yaw or

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J!"?iT»S?n?£Rtlon ln a?oidl"(5 «> the optimum pitch of

•

J. R, Lane

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11

K. H. Zornig, / Lt. Col.S'Ord. Dept., Chief Research Division

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TABLE I

Bullet Cttl, .SO Armor Piercing. Ml Plate . Navy Class 'B" . Thickness 3" Range to Plate 100 yards Angle of Plate ; 90° (Normal)

Rd„ No. T"-lßt of Striking Measured Penetration Angle Rifling Velocity Penetration (Normal to of

(A lonf axis Plate) Yav of bullet)

1.6^" 1 12" 2J1H3 1.62 0° 2 2U27 1.61 1.59 0

2 2372 1.53 1.532 0 239?

5 237^ 1.^ 1.53

6 13" 2H56 1.60 1.53 7 2^15 I.63 I.63 S 2393 l.»i9 1.H& 9 2352 1.52 1.50 -

10 - l.r)2 I.Ö7

1.51 - li 2353 ljio 12

2^21 13 1.62 1.61 -

14 li+w 2pv 21106

I.56 1.52 Ü 3-5 I.56

1,46 1.52 -

16 2352 1.^3 0 17 237I 1 1.5»!

1.% 1.51 I.49

0 IS 23U1 0

2h 15" 2^10 1.55 1.55 — 2£ 23f5 - 26 2fe 1.53 1.57 0 27 21J02 1.52

1.% 1.52 1.46

0 2S 2336 -

57 12" ..

5S - 1.16 1.16 59 1S66 1.10 I.09 60 1931 61 1936

51 13" 1916 52 16SS 1.11 1.10 -

5? - 1.23 1.23 5I1. 1960 >5 i960 1.2U 1.21 56 1932 1.13 1.12

/*-

III« .1111

i .HI,i ->■! «n^m mm^^^^mm

n Bullet Plate Range to Pl^te Angle of Pl^te

TABLE I (CONT'D)

Cal. .50 Armor Piercing, Ml Navy Class »BH, Thickness 3» 100 yards ^0° (Normal)

Hd. No.

72

11 11 77 7S

84

S6 S7 83 ^9

Bullet

90 91 92 9 9 95 96 97 98 99

loo 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 10S

126 127

Trist of Rifling

I'M'

15"

Striking Measured Velocity Penetration

(Along axis of bullet)

1903 1Ö5S

1933 191s 1931'

1946

ISIS 19^-7 2046 2041

1.11" 1.16 1.0s

1.15 1.1s

1,14 1.10 1.21 1.19

Penetration (Normal to Plate)

1.10 l.CS 1.0s

1.13 1.17

1.14 1.10 1.19 1.19

Angle of

Yaw

Cal. .50 Arnor Piercing, Ml, Nicked

15'

eet.

2032 2031 201S 197S 2014 2017 19S7 2000 2000

11

11

11

ii

11

n

11

11 II

eet. 2500

1.26 1.26 1.21 1.16 1.19 1.15 1.19 1.19 1.12 1.51 1.17 1.23 1.22

1.22

1.14 1.12 1.1S

1.66 1.61

1.18 1.18 1.16 1.12 1.12 1.07 1.06 1.14 1.04 1.50 1.15 1.18 1.16

1.17

1.11 1.12 1.14

I.63 1.59

3.7

0 9.4 8.1

12.0

9.4

- 2 -

A3

-..

tl ——"■—»PMMIUH

. ,._ —, .-— — ■■■Id- IHJ BUM

f") TABLE I (CONT'D)

Bullet Cal. .SO Armor Piercing , Ml Plate Navy Class "B" Thickness 3" Range to Plate ; 100 yards Angle of Plate : 90° (Norraa 1)

• Rd. No. Twist of Striking Ileasured Penetration Angle

Rifling Velocity Penetration (Normal to of ■ (Along axis

of Bullet)

1.35"

Plate) Yaw

3* 12" 2411 1.33 0

36 2431 2446

1.36 1.41

1.35 1.40

—

37 2456 1.3S 1.3S p 2461 1.3S I.36 39 2405 1.37 1.34

40 13" 2396 1.31 1.31 0 in 3444 1.33 1.32 -

42 2441 1.37 I.36 u 23 SS 2430

1.32 1.32 U35 1.47

1 74 l'.46 ) *5 2427

19 Ik* 235S 1.33 1.30 0 20 23ö7 1.30 1.29 0 21 2399 mm

22 2397 -

23 2392 1.30 1.29 0

29 15« 24S0 1.^2 1.42 _

30 2424 1.34 1.40

1.33- 0 31 2^32 1.3S

I.43 0

32 - 1.43 —

33 2445 1.3*5 1.3S -

62 12" I94J4 _

8 I93ß 0.96 0.91 1959

8 2020 0.95 0.94 1951

46 13" 2027 0.95 0.95 _

!+7 1941 0.92 0.91 4S 1914 0.90 o.v 49 - 0.911 0.93 50 1961

- 3 -

1*

Tl

: i ""—

Bullet • Cal. .50 A rmor Piercing , Ml Plate *

♦ flavy Class "5", Thickne ss 3" Range to Plate *

t 100 yards Angle of Plate l 90° (Morma 1)

Rd. No. TvlBt of Striking Measured Penetration Angle Rifling Velocity Penetration (Nornal to of

(Along axis Plate) Yaw of Bullet)

0.93" a 14« 1933 c.93" am

6S IS96 0.93 0.92 69 I909 70 I96S 1.12 1.09 71 — o.ss 0.S7

79 15» 195? 1964

0.96 0.96 — 50 0.96 0.95 SI 1955

19§7 0.94 0.93

S2 S3 19ö3

Bullet * • Cal. .50 Amor Piercing , T2-E1, Nloked

109 15" est.2000 0.96 o,91' mu

110 11 9.3 111 11 0.92 o.ss s.o

112 11 0.92 0.S4 IO.5 I3.4

114 N 0.90 o.so II 0.90 0.76 16.6

115 116

c 0.^9 O.o4 6.7 11 0.92 O.SS 5.9

117 11 7.0 11s 11 0.& 0.75 15. H 119 11 0.97 0.S7 11.6 120 11 O.SS 0.S1 9.5 121 11 o.ss 0.76 15.3 122 11

15.7 123 n 0.94 0.S4 10.5

124 est. 2500 1.30 1.21 10,0 125 11 1.19 1.1* U 12S H 1.17

1.16 1.0s

129 II 1.06 13.? 6.4 130 II 1.25 1.17

131 U 1.22 1.03 9.9

- 4 -

/&

I

.,,_.. , . -.—___.__—_ —.: , , . . ■ . , , ,

( ") TABLE I (CONT'D)

Bullet Plate Range to Plate Angle of Plate

Cal. .50 Armor Piercing, Ml Navy Class "B", Thickness 3" 50 yards 90° (Normal)

Rd. No. Tvlst of Striking Measured Penetration Angle Rifling Velocity Penetration (Normal to of

(Along axis Pl^te) Yaw of Bullet)

132 15« . - 1.3S" 13? 134

2442 1.50 2451 1.51

135 2457 1.53 1 ^4 1.46

136 2443

137 2416

0.96 1.372 1.46 1.40 1.^7 1.21

lS.^I 9.4

h 14.7

Bullet : Cal. .50 Amor Piercing, T2-E1, Nicked Range to Plate ; 50 yards

I3S 139 140 141 142 14 14 14 5

146 147 148

149 150 151 152 154

Bullet

161 162 l6? 16$

15"

15"

2400 1.21 1.11 19 2423 2 2415 2 p403 } ,70 1.11 11 2;92 2409

1.23 1.12 3 1.53 1.15 21

2431 1.27 1.16

1.22 9 246S 0.63 30

2015 0.95 0.92 6 2059 2034

0.97 0.93 6 0.95 0.69 11

2976 1.67 1.63 I.54 29bS 1.59

2916 1.61 1.60 ?93l 1.64 1.64 2979 1.66 1.64

liber .50 Armor Piercing, Ml, Nicked

~ 1.79 1.6S

1.57 9 - 1.51 6 - 0.50 O.ll! 32 2909 1.94 1.91 2

5 -

™"

^ J

r^ TABLE I (CONT'D)

Bullet Plate Range to Plate Angle of Plate

Cal. .50 Armor Piercing, Ml Navy Clasf "b", Thicknese y 100 yarde J0e from Normal

Rd. No.

16 5 166 167 16S I69 170 171 172

175

Trist of Rifling

15'

Striking Velocity

1990 197* 1972 If 2'! 21 2^35 2^11 2390 2*1-20 2U25 2'as

Measured Penetration (Along axis of bullet)

Core In Core in Core in 1.71 I.5S 1.83 Core in

Core in 1.79

Penetration Angle (Normal to of Plate) Yaw

0.75 plate plat« plate

I.3S 1.2S 1.^2

plate 1.14-1

plate 1.27

Bullet Plate ft ^ ,,T „ ^# pi

Cal, ,50 Armor Piercing, Ml, Nicked Navy Claes "B", Thicknese 1" /n o

1S1 15» 152 -127

istf 1SR 1S6 1S7 1SS 1S9

Bullet Plate Range to Plate Angle of Plate

2^22 ?390 2363 236I 2rUl 2U05

2366

1.21 1.27 1.15 l.ll 3.30 \M 1.20 1.00 1.20

1.0s 1.3^ 0.33 0.7 0,5

Cal. .50 Armor Pieroinr, T2-E1 Navy Clasc "B", Thickness 3" 50 yarde 90° (Normal)

153 155 156 157 1^2

15» 2969 2951 2977 2906 2957

l.'H 1.37 1.69 1.35 1.3*

1.37 1.69 1.35 1.33

- 6 - /7

-

n

TABLE I (CONT'D)

Bullet Plate Runge to Plate Angle of Plate

Cal, .50 Armor Piercing, T2-E1 N^vy Class "b", Thickness 3" $0 yard6 90° (Normal)

Rd. No.

159 160

Twist of Striking Measured Penetration Angle Rifling Velocity Prnetratlon (Normal to of

(Along axis Plate) Yaw of Bulletj

15» 2903

1.29 1.60

1.26 IM

Bullet ; Cal. .RO Armor Piercing, T2-E1 Range to Plate 1 100 yards Angle of Plate : 30° from Normal.

176 15" 177 17s 179 ISO

Bullet Plate Angle of Plate

190 I5.1

191 192 193 19& 195

2425 2'!-26 2393 2^37

1.7* 1.7s 1.S2 I.63 1.76

1.09 1.10 1.02 1.13 1,27

Cal. .50 Armor Piercing, T2-K1, Nicked Navy Class "~", thickness 1" 30° from Normal

- 0.56 0.36 2JI06 0.90 0.34 23^6 0.S6 2390 0.60 0.30 2373 0.75 0.21 23S5 O.cK

7 -

l^mmJmrwimmKmfm mim*mim—'s^mmmm —-~-~i.... «pp « »pp»wi lUJW'i I mn

TABLE II - DE UlRRE C0Ei«YIC5EHT

Bulle ft - Gal. .50 HI A. P.

Normal Impact

Twisi Velocity

12" 13" 14" 15"

3000 f/a 1 No, Rda. k

2500 ÜO. Rds,

f/a k ITo

2000 f/a . Rds. k

■

i : ,

5 1.09

4 6 4 4

.90

.91

.92

.91

1 .91 3 .92 3 .96 3 .89

30° From Normal Ir.ns.ot

15" 1

NioKed Bullets - Norml I;r.mot

Yaw

15" 9° 6

32 2

1.89

1,21 1 CO X» *.**

21. 02 .92

Kicked Bullets - &0° From Normal

Yaw

9° 8 4

15

1.22

Jc 2§2

1.07 1.06

«98 1.25

s° 1.36 3 1.07

10 7.47 10 1.98

9 3,48

k

4° .98 0 .96 0 •96 9 1.00 8 1.04

12 1.07

/? f?

■***ut«

Table II - DB HABBE COEFFICIENT

Bullet - Cal. .50 T2E1

Normal Impact

Twlat Velocity 3000 f is

1.19

£500 No. Ras

6 6 3 4

f/3

1.02 1.01 1.03 1.01

2000 No. fida,

3 3 3

f/a k

12" 13" 14" 15" 5

1.12 1.09 1.03 1.06

30° Prom Nprpal Irnnaot

15" 5 1.63

Nicked Bullets - Norm! Inonct

Yaw k y*w k Yaw k

15" 0° 10

1.28 1.24

19° 11

3 on

9 30

1.23 1.28 1.21

1.11

6° 6

11

1.14 1.15 1.20

Nicked Bullets - SO From ITorml

15" 7° 9

10

5.67 6.39

10.52

Uf>

Table IV

Date Rd. Striking Yaw Penetration l??1? iio.

1

Velocity

1773

__

9/10 Partial 2 1773

177* 1^3

11

10/21 I 0 11

H

5 2053 0 M

6 2165 0 Complete 7 2055 0 Partial g 2110 0 Complete 9 20S5 0 Partial

10/22 10 2l60 0 Partial 11 21S2 0 Complete

12 2264 Partial s 2353 Complete 2338 Complete

^ 2073 9.7 Partial 16 20'e9 16.4 Partial 17 2^05 10.4 Complete 16 2361 11.5 Complete 19 2191 0 Partial do 002 io.4 i ixf bJ.il.L 21 23 06 0 Conniete 22 2266 9.2 Partial 2? 24

2292 2146

0 Complete - Partial

25 2213 2124

- Complete 26 - Partial 2I 2147 - Complete 26 - 0 Complete 29 - 0 Complete

10/23 31 22SS 3.* Complete 32 2275 8.5 Complete

32 216J 20.9 Partial 2160 30.6 Partial

^ 2263 13.2 Complete

36 2246 27.2 Complete 37 2299 - Complete

■Infir

2114 Partial

& 33.6 Partial ho 2336 13.7 Complete 4i 2350 5.0 Complete 42 2315 9.7 Complete

tl 2259 2154

15.3 32.4

Complete Partial

ft 2236 6.4 Complete

46 2250 17.4 16.6

Partial

^ 2235 Partial 4g 2209 6.4 Partial 49 2261 15.6 Partial 50 22i,9 6.5 Complete 51 2333 12.6

A/ Partial

Remarks

M1922 A.P. Bullet Range 100 yards

Normal Penetration It M

l/1"1 Plate

Nicked Bullets

Range - 50 yds. Nicked Bullets

Range - 50 yds.

Un-nicked bullets Liarred Barrel

iMwwmaimM

1 '..«.WPIWI«" IB. ii » ,m

■

r Table IV (cont'd)

r>

Date Rd. Striking Yaw Penetration 19-55 No. Velocity

22^3 U0 10/31 1 Partial 2 2256 23.3 Partial 3 - ko Partial

U- 2351 27.7 Partial 5 - i*o 11

6 - 6,k Complete 7 2595

25^1 ^.2 Complete

a 15.3 Complete 9 2369

2^53 0 Partial

10 Complete 11 2^75 0 Complete 12 2U01 3.^ Complete

\l 2^12 9.2 Partial 233> 0 Co-iplote

15 2367 9.2 Ccnnlete 16 23^7 16.6 Partial 17 235s

23^2 0 Complete

18 0 Complete 19 23 SO 0 Complete 20 2371 0 Complete 21 233? ^.2 Partial 22 2299 kO Partial

U 23b*l 0 Complete 2301 11.5 Partial

2£ ~ 0 Complete 26 231^ l*i.2 Partial 27 - 13.2 Partial 26 2320 6A Partial 29 233^ 5.0 Partial 30 2327 15. s Partial 31 - 7.2 Partial 32 236^ 5.S Partial

8 2292 16.S Partial 2323 5.7 Partial

35 - 13.7 Partial

Remarks

Normal Penetration

Oblique Impact - 30°

Range - 50 yds.

Oblique Impact - 3O0

Nicked Bullets

- 2 -

iJ. vs.

"T

—

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Table V

Orientation and Yaws Obtained in Firing of Hot Gun of 1 in 12» Twist

10 *t. 13 ft, 20 ft,

fid. Bullet Vel. Orient- Ys No. (Eat) 1 ation

40 ia Ball 2500 o 41 „ 0 42 — o 43 ., o 44 - 0

45 i o 46 233 3.5 47 0 0 40 161 1.5 49 0 0

50 .i476-0 2500 0 o 51 0 0 52 0 «u

53 276 3.5 54 0

55 J &l i>ajLi JiyOO 19 8 10.0 56 268 3.5 57 _ 0 56 _ 0 59 - ■M

60 344 2.6 61 _ 62 a. „ 63 294 7.0 64 -

65 ant

66 201 3.5 67 m m 60 „

«K

69 223 2.8

?0 ia Ball 2500 _ •■

71 w „ 72 m •m

73 - m

ation

245

ation Yaw

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

3.5 154

78

329

348

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

8.5

Temp, of Barrel

-N

Heated

1 !

J

Heated

4.2

*• 2 / Heated

4,Z

J

- 3 -

*■»! ■ ■■■•■ II Mill .11 INI I I |l! I > .1 I ~

l

Table V

Orientation and Yaws Obtained in Firing of Hot Gun of 1 in 12" TwiBt

10 ft. 13 ft. 20 ft.

Bullet Vol. Orient- Yaw Orient- Yaw Orient- Yaw Temp, of (BatJ ation

la Ball 2500

ia Ball 2900 321 9.6

Rd. No.

75 76 77 78 79

80 81 82 83 84

85 86 87 88 89

90 91 92 93 94

95 96 97 98 99

100 ia Ball 2500 101 102 103 104

105 106 107 108 109

at ion

164

86 201

351

161

185

199

5.4

5.4 7.0

6.5

3.5

6.0 m

5.2

at ion

29:

227 345

17

137

"> Barrel

Heated

11.2 Heated

6.5 6.0

4.2

6.5

/

Room Temporaturo

350 4.2

- 4 -

Orientation

Rd. Bullet No.

110 ill Ball 111 112 113 114

115 116 117 118 119

120 121 122 123 124

125 126 127 126 129

Table 7

and Yaws Obtained in Firing of Hot

10 ft, 13 ft.

Vel. Orient- Yaw Orient- Yaw (Eat) ation ation

2500

130 131 132 133 134

135 136 137 138 139

140 141 142 143 144

2900 128 4.2 - - - mm

222 4.6 9 4.6

_ mm

202 3.5 wm -

£13 7.0 - -

219 5.4 - -

220 7.6 m ■V

202 3.5

2500

3000

31

209

212

356

247

86 74

151 191 174

5,2

a»

3.5

5.2

2.8

2.8

19.4 12.2 18.6 11.2 11.2

Gun of 1 in 12" Twiat

20 ft.

Orient- Yaw Temp, of ation Barrel

102

199 167

349 mm

4

15

344

mm

164

169

54 35

121 163 139

6.0

4.2 3.5

3.5 I

6,0

I

—

4.8 |

2.8 ;

l Boon j Temperature

4.2

3.5

21.4 10.0 19.4 10.6 11.6

\ Heated

- 5 .

2?

' ' ;'.'■'-•.■■■ 7"

( . Tafele V

Orientation and Yaws Obtained in Firing of Hot Gun of 1 in 12" Twist

10 ft. 13 ft. 20 ft.

Rd. Bullet Vel. Orient- (Eat) ation

Yaw Orient- Yaw Orient- Yaw ation ation

145 ID. Ball 3000 19 6.5 146 157 10.8 147 126 12.2 148 •■ - 149 118 8.5

■'■**■

151 219 11.6 152 166 10,8 153 2500 - 0 154 - 0

155 179 4.8 156 - 0

169 127 94

86

4.2 11.2 12.4

8.4

Temp, of Barrel

Heated

179 11.8 132 11.2 - 0 - 0

- 0 - 0

300 rounds firod maintaining muzzle temperature at 178 Ho raeasuremonts taten.

457 458 459 460 461

ia Ball 2500 80 8.8 ! 0 0 0 0

300 rounds fired maintaining muzzle temperature at 178 No measurements taken.

117 10.2 339 2.2 - 0 - 0 - 0

0.

Heatod

762 763 764

765 766 767

ia Ball 2500 177 3.5 226 4.2 - 0

177 10,8 - 0

237 9.2

150

201

0 0 0

9.2

4.2

C

Hoated

1168 1169

1170 1171 1172 1173

400 rounds fired maintaining muzzle temperature at 178 No. measurements taken.

ia Ball 2500

C

M 0 - - N Heal 106 13.6 66 13.4 :

277 14 242 14.2 331 15.8 29 16.6 217 10.6 170 8,8 209 16.2

- 6 -

170 16.1

It

a*.

i i i •^^—^^mimnin.mimja mi. ■ i i »nun HI. m i. MI iuiLHiiia|^*m^aa« W^^*m~m*mma^^^i

Table V

Orientation and Yav/a Obtained in Firing of Hot Gun of 1 in 12" Twist

10 ft. 13 ft. 20 ft.

Bullet Vel. Orient- Yaw Oriont- Yaw Orient- Yaw Term), of Rd. No. (Est) ation

1174 10. Ball 2500

ation

1175 1176 1177 1178 1179

1180 1161 1162 1183 1184

1185 1186 1167 1186 1169

1190 1191 1192 1193 2476-A 1194

1195 1196 1197 1198 2476-B 1199

1200 1201 1202 1203 2476-0 1204

1205 1206 1207 1200 2476-A 1209

2500

250C

2500

91 167 211

244 255 229

186

278

260

211

197

2500

0 0 4.2 11.6 39

4.2 12.4 10.0

4.2

4.2

5.4

4.8

2,8

ation

128

222 193

Barrel

Boom i Temperature

11.6 8,0

- /

" /

T>

-\

Room Temperature

Room Temperature

Heated

- 7 -

J-1

*" HI

MMHO^BOTM ~-r ■ ,,.....,:. , , w— - _„ _„, , ,

c

( >

Table V

Orientation and Yaws obtained in Firing of Hot Gun of 1 in 12" Twiat

10 ft. 13 ft. 20 ft.

Yaw Rd. Bullet Vel. Orient NO, (Eat) ation

1210 2476-A 1211 1212 1213 1214

1215 1216 1217 1218 2476-B 1219

1.:.20 1221 1222 1223 1224

1225 1226 1227 1228 1223

2500

2500

1230 1231 1232 1233 1234

1235 1236 1237

247Ö-C 2500

262 18

194

172 330

315 242

38 :-:06

327

71 242

158 141 257

Yaw Orient- ation

5.4 6.0 7.0

11.6

16.2 7.6

8.G

7.6 14. S

13.4

5.4 e.o

4.2 4.2 6.5

Yaw Orient- ation

151

135

::o4

.63

i93

9.2

12.8

12.2

11..

Terap. of Barrel

Heated

Ileated

n - 6 -

"■'—"■' " ! '" i mm™ I nun |i IIIIB«^■»■ _,-.,.,.-, HI «mi ■*—• 1 ——rc."-^l

''u Table VI

Orientation and lav« Obtained in Firing of Eot Gun of 1 in 14^" Twist

10 ft. 15 ft. 20 ft.

Rd, Bullet Vol Orient- Yaw Orient- Yaw °rient- Ya/ Temp, of No. (Eat) ation ation ation Barrel

Heated 1 ill Ball 2500 - - - 2 ------ 3 ------ 4 ------ 5 ------

*7 ■»<->•»«»•»■-

8 ------

10 -

11 2900 210° 5,4 289« 2,8 0 12 ------ IS ------ 14 ------ 15 ------ 15 ------

17 irf *.5 .' ?° F.R - 0 18 ------ 19 ______ 20 ------

200 rounds iired mairtairJ.ng mszlo temperature at 178° C. No measurements t alien,,

221 vi ?aii 2500 - 0 0 0 Heated 222 155° 1.4 217° 1.4 x 0 223 257 3.5 310 2.2 0 224 188 2.8 26i 3.5 - 0 225 -0-0-0 226 0 - 0 - 0 227 -0-0-0 228 «0-0-0 229 2CC- 7.1 274 6,5 048° 1.4 230 185 4.8 £46 5.4 - 0

- 0 - 0 153° 1.4 217° 1.4 257 3.5 318 2.2 188 2.6 26 i 3.5

*» 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - Ö

2c*- ?.l 274 6,5 185 4.8 2-15 5.4

288 2,6 355 2.8 294 14.2 2 10.6 208 16.9 277 11.5 - e - 0

190 7.0 257 6.5 - ~ M 0 m* 0 - 0 mm 0 am 0

268 4.1 310 4.1 287 4.1 358 4.1

231 2900 288 2.6 355 2.8 0 232 294 14.2 2 10.6 - 0 233 206 16.9 277 11.5 - 0 234 e - 0 - 0

>s 235 190 7.0 257 6.5 - 0 f i 236 - - 0 _ 0

237 0 - 0 - 0 236 0 - 0 - 0 239 268 4.1 310 4.1 0 240 287 4.1 358 4.1 - 0

-37

■ ii.li in u I _^ .in .M. — i.iiiimin»imu ■-■—■■■ i in

Table VI

Orientation and Yaws uotainod in Firing of Hot Gun of 1 in 14> Tv/lat

10 ft. 15 ft. 20 ft.

Rd. Bi'.llet Vol. Orient- Yaw Orient- Yaw Orient- Yaw Temp, of No. (Eat) r.'.ion at ion ation Barrel

441 MI Ball 2500 a. 0 m» 0 «, 0 Heatod 442 291° 0 349° 4.1 K- 0 443 97 6 159 - - 0 444 191 - 250 6 312° - 445 - 0 - 0 «. 0 446 12 8,5 73 e.s - 0 447 - 0 - 0 - 0 448 - 0 - 0 - 0 449 mm 0 - 0 0 0 450 V6 6.0 140 6.5 207 2,8

451 2900 90 9.8 156 8.0 0 452 261 19.1 3;:o 12.7 - 0 453 333 14. 8 37 10.6 - 0 454 155 8.Ü 220 8.0 - 0 455 72 OK •>

Mi» *J 150 15,9 - 0 tr.fi 1 on v n •ire. A.n _ 0 457 276 16.6 K.KJ9 11.8 - 0 458 219 16.6 262 11.5 - 0 459 325 4.7 20 3.5 m 0 460 72 9.9 13' 8.5 - 0

200 rounds fired maintaining rcuzile temperature at 178° 3 No measurement a talsen..

661 m 3all 2500 - 0 - 0 662 - 0 - 0 663 264 3.5 326 3.5 664 - 0 - 0 655 46 3.5 106 4.1 666 ■» 0 - 0 667 53 35.9 121 11.5 668 177 6.5 241 4.8 669 162 9.9 8.8 670 - e - 0

290

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

A. 8 0

Jloatcd

2t~

IIIILII-IüB mi, i i mmp

Table VI

Orientation and Yawa Obtained in firing of Hot Gun of 1 in 14?-" Twist

10 ft, 15 ft. SO ft.

Kd. Bullot Vol. Oriont- Yaw Orient- Yaw Orient- Yaw Temp, of it'o. (Eat) ation ation ation Barrel

671 ;.:i hall 2900 ~06° 26; 8 275° 17.6 - 0 Heated 672 235 13.4 307 9.9 - 0 673 160 7.6 221 6.5 - 0 674 22 4.6 - 0 0 675 223 4.1 269 3.5 - 0 676 169 7.0 254 6.5 0 677 0 - 0 - 0 670 202 6.9 270 6.5 - 0 679 3 5.4 67 3.5 - 0 660 45 13.0 117 8.9 - 0

681 Cal. .50 ,50''* 122 7.3 195 2.7 - 0 602 Tracer 297 ...7 0 - 0 653 (...odif. 0 - 0 0 664 ::o. 1) 0 - G 0

6G6

666 ,357

0 900 0 - 0 .6 ..9 1.0 - 0

" o „ n

669 :i Ball 2500 - 0 690

0-0

0-0 o - o o

691 173 1.6 - 0 - 0 692 693 634 2900 155 3.1 695 696 697 696

0-0-0 0 - 0 0

.e - o 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 - 0 0

200 rounds firod maintaining muszle temperature at 176° C, No ma an ur orient 3 ta/sn.

6S9 ;i Ball L500 900 201 902 903 904 905 906 907 906

21 .7 96 .7 _ 0 266 0 - 0 - 0 1.-6 7.0 192 6.5 26Cf 4.8 196 1.5 -60 2.1 _ 0 120 6.0 206 6.5 259 2.6 357 4.8 54 5.4 125 2.8 — 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0

Heatod

- 3 -

. , ™ , , —,, I I 1,1 W*l II - — -.—.«HI l*M«

10 ft. 15 i» . 20 ft,

Vol. Orient- Yaw Orient- Yaw Orient- Yaw Tomp. of (Eat) ation at ion ation Barrel

2900 177° 24.3 242° 16.4 _ 0 Ileated 255 4.1 325 4.1 - 0 ISO 2*8 197 2.2 M 0 60 14.2 130 10.2 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0

258 2,8 330 0 - 0 293 11.8 359 8.9 - 0 134 6.5 201 5.4 - 0 103 6.5 158 4.8 - 0 268 7.5 346 6.5' » 0

Table VI

Orientation and Yawa Obtained in Firing of Hot Gun of 1 in 14}-" Twist

ltd. Bullet No.

909 MI Ball 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918

200 rounds fireJ maintaining muzzle ten:>e~ature at 178° 3 No iDoasuremont a taiion.

1119 HI Ball 2500 149 2.2 217 2.9 - 0 Hoated 1120 20C 1.5 £66 2.2 0 1121 240 7.0 ,'506 0.0 17 2.2 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128

1129 2900 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138

1139 Ul Ball 2500 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 3148

- 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - u - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0

163 2.2 240 3.5 3160 .7 1 Ä

0 — 0 — 0

19 22.8 e4 14.8 . 0 33 11.5 97 8.5 - 0 m 0 30 7.5 - c 18 3.5 80 4.8 - 0 56 13.2 120 9.3 - 0 162 8.5 241 7.0 306 .7 315 8.9 13 7.6 85 .7 340 9.6 40 8.0 104 .7 196 13.6 262 10.2 - 0 173 10.2 IAD n c

114 0

3.5 0

174 0 3.5 0

0 0 0

Room Teroparutura

- 0 - 0 - 0 108 1.5 165 2.2 - 0 - 0 270 1.5 326 .7 - 0 - 0 - 0 26 2.8 100 2.0 - 0

102 3.5 240 3.5 306 1.5 - 0 - 0 - 0

JV- * -

• *

■y1"1 » ■ "'■ ■ .'.■.-■!—~——u—■—■..it-■■■■ IPJ i . i ii jmpnBHHM^PMPmwwna^pawanHwii^mvMiwmEannPKVRr^awBvvVPKWVf«

Table VI

Orientation and Yawo Obtained in Firing of Hot Gun of X in I4?f" Twiat

10 ft. 15 ft. 20 ft.

Bd. Bullet Vel. Orient- Yaw Orient- Yaw Orient- Yaw Temp, of Ho. (Eat) ation atlon ation «Q~».*i ation Barrel

1149 «I „all .900 143° 6.5 210« 5.4 288« ,7 Room

1151 " jj " ° - 0 Temperature VIK9 " 0 ■ T 0 - 0

1153 "10 2.2 - 0

gg XÖ5 3?5 m 2°e I 0° nn« 0 - 0 - 0 J"S 257 2.2 319 1157

- *' IB* ;

.7 - 0 1158 94 i.5 lit 1% : °Q

- 5 -

WSV'KT' ■''"■*■ --■■'—»■■ ■--"■*■■ ■ -■■■ — ■ ■ « ■ ■ ■■• ...Hi-..!—...» ———. ......... , — T*^|

( ' Table VII

Additional Firings in Hot Gun of 1 In 1*1-1/2" Twist

Conparlßon of Yawn Obtained with 5 Typec of Bullets

Velocity - 2900 f/s (Est)

Test Type of Bullet Diet. , from Muzzle Dirt, , fron Muzzle Rd. No. 10 ft. 15 ft •

Yaw

7.3°

Orientation

I500

Yaw

0

Orl entatlon

1 MI Tracer 20y° 2 0 - 0 _

I \'\

227 0 -

275 0 -

5 3.6 106 0 -

6 U-5 322 • 0 —1

7 3.2 2H1 0 - S 1.7 29S 0 -

9 0 - 0 _ 10 0 - 0 -

11 0 _ 0 12 0 - 0 _

Xi u - u _

0 - 0 _

15 .5 236 0 -

16 0 _ 0 mm

17 3.2 93 0 — IS 2.2 10s 0 _

19 3.6 29H 0 _ 20 0 - 0 -

21 MI Tracer 0 _ 0 _

22 Uiodlf .2&01- ■G) 6.1 31+g 0 S2 r^3

2? M 3I10 0 6.5 299 0 6

25 0 mm 0 -

26 M 52 0 mm

27 0 0 _ 2S 2.7 337 0 -

29 .5 339 0 — JO 0 - 0 -

31 .5 2U6 0 M*

32 0 - 0 —

5 3.1 267 0 - 2.2 35b 0 —

35 0 0 -

3*

1

i.— ■■■■■■■■i.i.iLji. i.,- . ^—BMI i > !■ i-i im" ii lympiii i ■i.i.|iiiiM^»MffB.,..ii.... T .1 ■■■ i^nwii ^^^pppi 11. ji ■■■■. ----- - ■■■ ■-■ -■■ " "

Table VII

Additional Firings in Hot Gun of 1 in 1^-1/2" Twist

Comparison of Yaws Obtained with 5 'types of Bullets

Velocity - 2900 f/i 5 (Est)

Toct Ty pee of Bullet Diet. from Muzzle Diet. from Muzzle Rd. No. 10 ft. 15 ft.

Yaw

0

Orientation Yaw

0

Or lentation

36 MI Tracer 37 (H Ddlf. 2601-C) M 337 0 * 3Ü 0 0 „

it 0 - 0 _ 0 •— 0 -

*1 MI Ball h.i 2S4 0 IJ2 216 0 _

M 182 0 _

ß.5 y-i 0 _ J;5 3-5 299 0 M*

U6 2.S 310 0 mm

i ■ Z 2.8 321 0 _ flS 2.£ ?M 0 tm

U9 0 Ü .. 50 6.5 237 0 mm

51 fc.s k 0 _

5?- 6.0 309 0 mm

Ü 2.8 201 c mm

Tv?o bullets in one hole 55 li 11 11 11 11 16

56 6.0 2^3 0 300 57 3.5 10 0 60 $6 2 ? 233 0 59 7.0 211 0 2^0 60 0 - 0 M

61 MI Tracer 0 Ul 0 62 (r.odif. 2o01-D) 0 -1 0 mm

g 2.2 j'.5

353 2S0

0 0

mm

: 65 1.1 2^9 0 ~

: 66 0 0 , 8 *.9 300 0 _,

i / \ 6S l.l 303 0 m^ i 69

70 3.6 2.7

333 217

0 0 30U

- 2 -

37

■ -m\

fP I ——WE3 .i,^.,."1!. Vl! ■——-.... ■--—-■ ■ ■■ ■ ■■..... ... -^-.— . . - ' —■"—

Table VII

Additional Firings in Hot Gun of 1 in l't-l/2" Twist

Comparison of Yaws Obtained with 5 Types of Bullets

Velocity - 2900 f/ß (Ept)

Test. Type of Bullet Dint . from Muzzle Dist. fnm Muzzle Rd. No. 10 ft. 15 ft.

Yajv

2.2

Orientation

170

Yaw

0

Orientation

71 MI Tracer lift

' 72 (Modif. 260I-1)) 2.2 a4x 0 -

]l 4.5 222 0 - .5 222 0 -

75 1.6 160 0 -

76 _ 201 0 _.

77 0 - 0 - 78 4.5 300 0 - 79 2.7 0 - so 3.0 325 0 38

SI MI Ball 7.0 272 0 3^0 32 (i.Iodif., ̂176-A) 6.5 2^,5 0 317 8? 6.5 2S0 0 3'! 2

^ 0 0 bt> '.o 1^0 u 2U4

Sb 8.5 219 0 263 27 6.0 212 0 250 S3 0 - 0 —

59 5.4 222 0 232 90 13.0 235 0 30".

91 tf

161 0 227 92 235 0 29b

9k ^ 15S 0 227

6.5 is6 0 95 7.0 223 0 -

96 M 203 0 26". 97 7.0 0 226 9S 0 135 7.0 193.

• 99 5.4 15s 0 203 100 0 90 6.5 153

• > -

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