Approval of Human Subjects Research: Who needs it and why? Approval of Human Subjects Research: Who...
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Transcript of Approval of Human Subjects Research: Who needs it and why? Approval of Human Subjects Research: Who...
Approval of Human Approval of Human Subjects Research: Who Subjects Research: Who needs it needs it and why?and why?
Dr. Paula Garcia McAllister, IRB Dr. Paula Garcia McAllister, IRB DirectorDirectorNorthern Arizona UniversityNorthern Arizona [email protected]@nau.edu928-523-4236928-523-4236Web: Web: research.nau.edu/compliance/irb research.nau.edu/compliance/irb
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What is the IRB?What is the IRB?The Institutional Review Board is a
panel of researchers, non-researchers, and community members concerned with protecting the rights of individuals participating in research in terms of:
Risk of physical, mental, emotional or financial harm
Full disclosure of research procedures and outcomes
Confidentiality of personal information, views and opinions
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Does my project need to be Does my project need to be reviewed by the IRB?reviewed by the IRB?Does it involve human subjects?Will you be obtaining personal
identifiable information? Does it involve a systematic
investigation in which you interact with people?
Will it be published, presented, or disseminated beyond the classroom environment?
Is it a thesis or dissertation? 3
What is human subjects What is human subjects research?research?
Research is “a systematic investigation that is designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge.”
Human subject means “a living individual about whom an investigator conducting research obtains: data through intervention or interaction with
the individual, or identifiable private information.”
Source: http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/humansubjects/guidance/45cfr46.htm
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Past events shaped today’s Past events shaped today’s regulations:regulations: Nazi Human Experimentation,
search Steven Spielberg Video Archive of Nuremberg Trials
Monster Study, 1939, settled in 2007
Tuskegee Syphilis Study, 1932-1972 Guatemalan STD Study, 1946-1948 Stanford Prison Experiment, 1971 ASU – Havasupai Tribe settlement
of $700,000 plus scholarships and facilities
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What do I need to do as a What do I need to do as a researcher?researcher?Have a research plan that warrants
the use of human participantsBe knowledgeable about the
federal guidelines for human subjects research (CITI tutorial)
Provide the IRB with a fully-detailed plan for complying with the guidelines
Carry out your plan in good faith
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What are the responsibilities What are the responsibilities of the faculty sponsor?of the faculty sponsor?To guide the student researcher
through the research design process
To take the CITI tutorialTo review the student researcher’s
IRB application and provide feedback
To accept the student’s online IRB application and respond to the conflict of interest question
To make sure students file continuations and amendments 7
What will the IRB ask for?What will the IRB ask for?1. Participants1. ParticipantsHow many?Different groups Age rangeSocial or occupational situationsSpecial categories:
◦ children, pregnant women and their fetuses, and prisoners are considered vulnerable,
◦ economically or educationally disadvantaged persons, and cognitively impaired persons may also require additional safeguards
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2. Recruitment2. RecruitmentWhat is your plan for recruiting
participants?Include all flyers, email
messages, memos, etc. that will be used
Should include topic, what is expected from participants, time/place, benefits and risks, compensation, contact info
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3. Informed Consent3. Informed Consent
PLAN for disseminating informed consent info to participants
How will it be delivered? (in person, email, telephone)
Must include specific elementsTemplates available on websiteSignature can be waived in rare
circumstances
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4. Methodology and Data 4. Methodology and Data CollectionCollectionWhat instruments will be used:
surveys, focus groups, observations, etc.
Special requirements for photographs, audio and video recordings
Off-campus sites, collaborators, partners, etc.
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5. Confidentiality5. ConfidentialityWill identifiers be revealed?How will confidentiality be
maintained?Data must be kept secure for 3
years after completion of studyPhotos and audio/video
recordings require a disposition plan and checkbox on informed consent form
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6. Benefits6. BenefitsWhat are the potential benefits to
the participants?What are the benefits to society or
the field?There may not be any direct
benefits to individualsCompensation is described
separately and should not be coercive, should be a small token of thanks that is culturally appropriate
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7. Risks7. RisksWhat are all the possible risks
participants may face, including psychological, social, or physical
If minimal, say ‘no more than the risk encountered in everyday life’
What will you do to minimize risks? (e.g., provide contact information for counseling service)
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8. Attachments8. AttachmentsInstruments: surveys, interview
questions, observation checklists, tests, etc.
Informed consent, parental consent, and child assent documents
Letters of support/permission to collect data
Recruitment flyers, emails, scripts
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What else will the IRB ask What else will the IRB ask for?for?Descriptions of the research free of
jargon, acronyms, and overly technical language
Support documents from collaborating partners, target agencies, or off-campus locales
Designation of other researchers involved
All instruments (surveys, questionnaires, checklists, assessments, etc) even if in draft form
Informed consent documents 16
Types of ReviewTypes of ReviewFull Board: greater than minimal
risk, vulnerable populationsExpedited: low risk, recordings,
focus groups, non-invasive procedures
Exempt: minimal risk, surveys, records review, de-identified data
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Other FunctionsOther FunctionsContinuing review: extend IRB approval
beyond the usual 12 month periodAmendments: report changes in
instruments, participants, sample, additional partners, sites, or researchers
Adverse events: unforeseen complications, problems, or other research-related negative consequences should be reported to the IRB as soon as possible
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Consequences of Non-Consequences of Non-ComplianceCompliance All researchers are required to
follow the guidelines in 45 CFR 46 Anybody can report non-compliance Disciplinary actions can include
suspension or termination of research, seizure of all data, prevention of publication or presentation, written reprimand, and sanction from conducting future research
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Other Local IRBsOther Local IRBs Flagstaff Medical Center:
[email protected], Director, Pediatrics/Perinatal Services & Evidence-Based Practice OR [email protected] Evidence-Based Practice Project Manager/Coordinator, 928-773-2346
Navajo Nation Human Research Review Board meets the 3rd Tuesday of each month at 9 AM in Window Rock, AZ, open to the public: http://www.nnhrrb.navajo.org/
Hopi Cultural Preservation Office: http://www.nau.edu/~hcpo-p/
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ResourcesResources Federal Government:
http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/ IRB Profession: http://www.irbforum.org/,
http://www.primr.org/ Educational Research Ethics (AERA):
http://www.aera.net/AboutAERA/Default.aspx?menu_id=90&id=717
Psychological Research Ethics (APA): http://www.apa.org/ethics/
Political Science Research Ethics (APSA): http://www.apsanet.org/content_9350.cfm?navID=12
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