Approach to bleeding Disorders
description
Transcript of Approach to bleeding Disorders
BY
MOHANNAD IBN HOMAID
Approach to bleeding Disorders
A few points
Content Structure
1st half 2nd half
Overview
Why is it important ? Why is it so confusing ?
Basic Science Clinical manifestations Laboratory tests
Basic Science Review
Blood is goldThe 2 arms of Heamostasis
Platelets Clotting Factors
Small Vessel Response To Injury
Normal Response
Always Goes Through the following: Vascular Phase Platelet Phase Coagulation Phase Fibronlytic Phase
Pointless ? Or useful ?
Vascular Phase
Not Very important for understandingVasoconstrictionTXA2 and Aspirin
Platelet Phase
Platelet Phase
Unfortunately Very important The following occurs:
Platelet Adhesion (vWF later) Platelet Release Reaction
ADP TXA2
Temporary Plug < < BLEEDING STOPS HERE Bleeding time
The Tile
Coagulation Phase
Coagulation Phase
VERY IMPORTANT and VERY CONFUSINGWhy is it Confusing ?
Not Tangible Coagulation Phase and 12 factors Cofactors Ca and PF3 Extrinsic vs intrinsic Vitamin K factors Anti-Thrombin 3 And last but not least….
THE ROMAN NUMBERS
Coagulation Cascade
What do you need to know ? Simple Steps : extrinsic vs intrinsic Content of both How to test them Where they are made ( liver ) Vitamin K AT-3
CONFUSING
THIS SLIDE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
Extrinsic System: 7Intrinsic System: 12-11-9-8Final Common Pathway :10-5-2-1Vitamin K : 2-7-9-10AT-3 : 12 -11-10-9PTT vs PT
Coagulation Studies
Fibrinolytic Phase
Fibrinolytic Phase
Kinnnd of important but very easyTissue plasminogen ActivatorPlasminTest
Fibrin Degradation Products D-Dimer Assay
Back to the clinical world
Presentation of platelet Defects Blood leaks out of vessels Skin and mucosal surfaces Prolonged bleeding ( temporary plug plug )
Presentation Deep Tissue Bleeding Late Rebleeding ( permanent plug Defect )
Laboratory Test
Platlets Count Bleeding Time Aggregation Test
Clotting Factors PT and PTT Factor Assay
Fibrinolysis FDP D-Dimer
Platelet Disorders
Quantitative vs QualitativeThrombocytopeniaImmune Thrombocytopenic PrupuraBernard Soulier SyndromeGlanzmanns ThrombastheniaThrombotic thrombocytopenic Purpura
Thrombocytopenia
Pathology :Increase Destruction or decrease Productions > >
Clinical Features : depend on degreeLabs:Treatment:
ITP
Pathology : Auto antibodies Agains PlatletsClinical Features:Labs:Treatment:
Bernard Soulier Syndrome
Pathology :GP1B receptor Defiency Clinical Features:Labs:
Glanzmann Thromboasthenia
Pathology :GPIIb-IIIa DefiencyClinical Features:Labs:Treatment:
TTP
Pathology :UnkownClinical Features: Pentad : HUS + Fever
NeurologicalLabs:Treatment :Plasmapharesis
Diorders of Coagulations
HemophiliaVon Willebrand Disease
Hemophilia
Pathology :Factor 8 or 9Clinical Features:
Acute Hemoarthrosis Intracranial Bleeding Hematomas
Labs:Treatment:
Factor Replacement DDAVP
Von willebrand Disease
Function of vWF Made in platelets and endothelium Adhesion of platelets to exposed Collagen Protection of Circulating Factor 8
Pathology Deficiency of vWF Secondary decrease in Factor 8
Von Willebrand Disease
Pathology : MentionedClinical Features:Labs:Treatment:
1. DDAVP And factor concentrates
DIC
Pathology :Inappropriate Activation of platelets and clotting Factors due to : Sepsis ( 50%) Obstetric Complications Malignancy Trauma
Clinical Features:Labs:Treatment: ICU and supportive = Treatment
of underlying Cause
Questions