Rove Chishman

João Gabriel Padilha

Diego Spader de Souza

Anderson Bertoldi

Applied Linguistics Graduate Program (UNISINOS)

Applying Frame Semantics to Soccer Language: from a monolingual to a

multilingual resource

Copa 2014

Academic Context:

• Team developing the soccer resource (UNISINOS):

– graduate and undergraduate students

– Professors and researchers

• Partnerships:

– Applied Computing Department (UNISINOS)

– University of Juiz de Fora (Tourism resource)

• Founding:

– FAPERGS and CNPq

Introduction:• In this presentation we will approach:

– (i) the use of Kicktionary’s semantic tags for corpus annotation;

– (ii) the development of a multilingual frame-based resource for soccer language.

• Concerning the annotation process, we will discuss the challenges faced to annotate sentences with:

– (i) metaphoric lexical units;

– (ii)polysemous lexical units;

– (iii) support verbs .

• Concerning the development of a multilingual frame-based resource for soccer language, we will point:

– (i) the need for including frame-to-frame relations in a resource for the soccer language;

– (ii) the need for describing support-noun complex units.

Corpus Annotation Methodology:

• (a) translation of Kicktionary’s scenes, frames and lexical units to develop an annotation handbook;

• (b) development of a specialized corpus:– 100 texts describing soccer matches / 57,158 words.

• (c) segmentation of the texts into sentences:– 3,307 sentences.

• (d) manual analysis and annotation of the sentences by pairs of annotators;

• (e) using SALTO annotation tool.

Metaphoric Lexical Units:

Scena: Pass/Frame: Intercept

[Camacho INTERCEPTOR] roubou [grande bola BALL] [no meio. INTERVENTION_LOCATION]

[Camacho INTERCEPTOR] stole [great ball BALL] [in the half of the pitch.

INTERVENTION_LOCATION]

Scena: Pass/Frame: Intercept

Mas [a zaga INTERCEPTOR] cortou [DNI PASS].

But [the defense INTERCEPTOR] cut out [DNI PASS].

Polysemy:

Scena: Shot/ Frame: Shot

[Tardelli SHOOTER] [tocou na saída do goleiro TARGET].

[Tardelli SHOOTER] [touched when the goalkeeper left the area TARGET].

Scena: Pass/ Frame: Pass

[O Furacão PASSER] tentou tocar mais [a bola BALL] para tirar a velocidade do Timão.

[Furacão PASSER] tried to touch more [the ball BALL] to slow down the velocity of the team.

Support Verbs:Scena: Pass/Frame: Pass

[Ramirez PASSER] fez [o passe PASS] [para Battión RECIPIENT].

[Ramirez PASSER] supplied [ pass PASS] [to Battión RECIPIENT].

Scena: Pass/Frame: Pass

[O autor do primeiro gol PASSER] deu [passe milimétrico PASS] [para Adriano

RECIPIENT].

[The author of the first goal PASSER] supplied [milimetric pass PASS] [to Adriano

RECIPIENT].

Frames and Support Verb Constructions:

Marcel fez o gol da vitória.

[Marcel scored the victory goal.]

O time colorado sofreu um gol no começo do segundo tempo.

[Internacional team suffered a goal in the beginnning of the second time.]

Morales perdeu o gol incrível.

[Morales missed the incredible goal.]

Support Verb Constructions of the Soccer Language:

[Support Verb] + [Specialized Term]

marcar + gol ............ [score a gol]

marcar + falta ...... [award a free-kick]

sofrer + gol .......... [suffer a goal]

bater + falta ... [take a free-kick]

cobrar + pênalti ...[take a pênalti]

Foul Frame:

Fisrt step in a Foul frame / the offender perspective:

Nino cometeu falta sobre Muriqui.

[Nino committed foul on Muriqui.]

Foul Frame:

Fisrt step in a Foul frame / the offended perspective:

Cleber Santana sofreu falta na entrada da área.

[Cleber Santana suffered foul in the area entrance.]

Foul Frame:

Second step in a Foul frame:

(...) mas o árbitro marcou falta no toque de mão involuntário do atacante.

[(...) but the referee awarded a free-kick for the involuntary handtouch of the striker.]

Foul Frame:

Third step in a Foul frame:

Marcelo Oliveira cobrou falta direto pela linha de fundo.

[Marcelo Oliveira charged foul directly from the goal line.]

Concluding Remarks:• Our work with Kicktionary’s frames has led us to rethink some

lexicographic aspects of Kicktionary:

– Frame-to-frame relations (Score_Goal, Award_Goal)

– Scenes and frames classification. (Goal: Score_Goal, Award_Goal)

– Reframing of Kicktionary frames (Score_Goal and Goal)

– Frame definition for each frame.

• On the examples of the soccer language resource, we need to move from a running text annotation methodology to a lexicographic annotation methodology.

• On the equivalence of the lexical units and constructions, we need to decide the equivalence unit: marcar um gol / score a gol, marcar uma

falta / award a free-kick).

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Thank you!