Applying a Climate Disaster to enhance Chennai, India · Kyoto University International Environment...

Kyoto University International Environment and Disaster ManagementGraduate School of Global Environmental Studies

Applying a Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI) to enhance planning decisions in Chennai, India

CSE‐IIT: 5‐6 Nov. 2011

Presented by: Ramasamy Krishnamurthy (UoM), Jonas Joerin (Kyoto University), Rajib Shaw (Kyoto University), Yukiko Takeuchi (Kyoto University)


Overview

• Urban Disaster Risk in Chennai– Study location

– Shocks and stresses

• Climate Disaster Resilience Index in Chennai– Methodology

– Results

• Enhancing the Resilience to Disasters in Chennai– Climate Action Plan

– Safer Chennai Campaign

• Way Forward – Assessing Climate‐related Disaster Resilience at the Micro‐level– Key Findings from Ward 79 & 131


Urban Disaster Risk in Chennai (1)Study location

I

IIIII

VI

IV

V

IX

VIII

VII

X

Source: modified from Google Earth, 2010

N2 km

Water Bodies

Key Transport Corridors

City Boundary

Zone Boundaries

I,II,III,IV Zone Number

Afghanistan

Pakistan Bhutan

China

Bangladesh

Myanmar

Sri Lanka

Chennai

India


Urban Disaster Risks in Chennai (2)Shocks

Cyclone:Jal, December, 2010

Key characteristics:‐ Floods triggered through, cyclone.‐More than 170 casualties in Tamil Nadu State

Chennai

Source: livechennai.com, 16th December 2010



Cyclone:Nisha,November, 2008

Key characteristics:‐Floods triggered through heavy storms, cyclone.

At 100 feet road near Vadapalani, Chennai

Source: hinduonnet.com, 28th November 2008



Cyclones 1959‐2008 in north part of Tamil Nadu State:– 28 cyclones in 50 years– 2005, 2008 and 2010 incidents were caused by a cyclone!– Cyclone season mostly during the months of October to December

Source: E‐Atlas, IMD, 2010

Chennai

Cyclones:


Urban Disaster Risks in Chennai (5) ‐ Stresses

Urbanisation:o Current population (2011):

4.68 million, Chennai City (176km2)Population growth: 1971‐2001: 1.72%/yearPopulation growth 2001‐2011: 0.75%/year

o Population density (avg): 26,597 (p/km2)

o Chennai Metropolitan Area expected at 9.9 million inhabitants by 2025

→ Stress: urban infrastructure, social conflicts (migration), urban poverty, challenged institutions, deteriorating ecosystems

higher potential for climate‐related disasters: floods, cyclones, etc.

7

Adyar River near Saidapet, Zone 9, Chennai


Climate Disaster Resilience Index in Chennai (1)Methodology

CDRI tool: 5x5 matrix

Physical Social Economic Institutional NaturalElectricity Population Income Mainstreaming Intensity o

hazardsWater Health Employment Crisis

management Frequency of hazards

Sanitation, Solid waste

Education and awareness

Household assets

Knowledge dissemination & management

Ecosystem

Infrastructure and Roads

Social capital Finance and savings

Institutional collaboration

Land‐use

Housing and land‐use

Community preparedness

Budget and subsidy

Good governance

Environmental policies


Weighting Statistics (examples)

Parameters: average weighting of parameters, highest to lowest Weightage

Sanitation and solid waste 4.2

Community preparedness 4.2

Water 3.8

Environment policies 3.6

Mainstreaming of DRR and CCA 3.5

Crisis management 3.5

Budget and subsidy 3.4

Income 3.3

Education and awareness 3.2

More details: CDRI Report 2010Prioritization of parameters


Weighting Statistics (examples)

Variables: average weighting highest to lowest Weightage

Extent of implementation of environmental policies 4.125

Zone’s electricity supply authority capable to provide electricity 4

Awareness of people about the threat and impact of a disaster 4

Extent of zone’s population participate in community activity 4

Percentage of youth employed in formal sectors 4

Effectiveness of emergency team during a disaster (leadership/competence)

3.9

Intensity/severity of floods 3.9

Intensity/severity of cyclones 3.9

Extent of zone’s population provide shelter or emergency support 3.8

% of zone’s annual budget targeting disaster risk management 3.8


Weighting Statistics (CDRI scores)

Parameter CDRI score

Electricity 4.87

Institutional collaboration 4.09

Accessibility of roads 4.05

Health 3.89

Crisis management 3.86

Good governance 3.64

Household assets 3.54

Mainstreaming 3.45

Community preparedness 3.44

Finance and savings 3.43

Housing and land use 3.43


Climate Disaster Resilience Index in Chennai (2)Results: overall resilience

Areas with higher economic development, lower population density and better environmental condition have higher resilience levels.

CDRI Zone Profile:

Prepared by: University of Madras, Chennai Corporation and Kyoto University


Climate Disaster Resilience Index in Chennai (3)Results: physical resilience & social resilience

Lower in old and densely populated areas of the city

Less variation, but northern areas have lower social resilience due to poorer health conditions and social capital


Climate Disaster Resilience Index in Chennai (4)Results: economic resilience & institutional resilience

Little economic development in northern areas compared to south where large IT centres and car companies are being established

Little variation between zones due to their administrative character with little space for own decision‐making


Climate Disaster Resilience Index in Chennai (5)Results: natural resilience

Key finding:

Lower resilience in northern areas due to heavy polluting industries (waste disposal site, coal‐fired power plant, port) reducing the ecosystem quality


Enhancing the Resilience of Chennai to Climate‐related Disasters (1)

• Climate Action Plan (CAP) ‐ Policy– Based on analysis of CDRI, local characteristics

and feasibility; focus on non‐structural measures (soft adaptation)

– Draft formulated in December 2010 in collaboration with the Corporation of Chennai and University of Madras.

– In progress of adoption by the Corporation of Chennai

+ Capacity‐building:Workshop with zone officers

CDRI study → CDRI Report

FORM

ULATION

OF ACTIONS

ASSESSM

ENT

FORM

AL ADOPTION

OF CA

P

Climate Action Plan (CAP)

Mainstreaming of Actions defined in CAP

Enhancing the resilience of Chennaito climate‐related disastersR

ESULT

Formal Adoption of CAP

IMPLEM

ENTATION

OF CA

P


• Safer Chennai Campaign– Launched on 19th August 2010 to support Chennai’s participation at the 2010‐11 World

Disaster Reduction Campaign: Making Cities Resilient from the United Nations

– Provides an opportunity to support and establish multi‐stakeholder dialogues to decisively implement actions enhancing the resilience in Chennai

– The CDRI is an example of a process‐oriented research approach: from assessment to planning and implementation

Enhancing the Resilience of Chennai to Climate‐related Disasters (2)


II

XIX

VIIIVII

VI

V

I

IIIIV

Afghanistan

Pakistan Bhutan

China

Bangladesh

Myanmar

Sri Lanka

Chennai

India

Ward 79

Ward 131

• Focus at micro‐level (households): conducted from May – August 2011

Way Forward – Assessing Climate‐related Disaster Resilience at the Micro‐level (1)



Households located in the vicinity of rivers and canals have higher damages from floods!

Ward 79: Houses Damaged by Floods




Households located in the vicinity of rivers and canals have higher damages from floods!

Ward 131: Houses Damaged by Floods




• Stakeholder’s Workshop: 24th August 2011– Workshop at Primary School in MGR Nagar, Ward 131, Chennai

– Dissemination of findings to local residents and government officers (Corporation of Chennai)

– Opportunity to allow local residents to share views directly to government officers



November 2011


Thank you for your attention!

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Applying a Climate Disaster to enhance Chennai, India · Kyoto University International Environment...

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