Applied Research Project (ARP)GSM Application

24 months

Start: 1 /2/2012

Report 2: From 1 /8/2012 to 31/1/2013

Introduction

TMUA will be designed to interconnect public transport vehicles andbus stations to “Central Room” to monitor the vehicles & traffic status.

Based on the collected data and via analyzing road condition, arrivaltimes will be computed and transmitted to all relevant stations.

Waiting time for the next bus(s) to arrive will be displayed on screensto commuters on the bus station.

Passengers in buses will be notified of the next bus stop using visual &audio announcements.

Achieving these main features will cause major improvement in publictransport convenience and safety.

2

Accomplished Task Belongs to Phase Q1-Y1 Q2-Y1 Q3-Y1 Q4-Y1 Q1-Y2 Q2-Y2 Q3-Y2 Q4-Y2

Ph

ase 1

M

ileston

e

Project Plan Review Planning Phase √

Requirement Gathering Analysis Phase v

Study the amount of data to be transmitted Analysis Phase √

Study different Testing Scenarios Analysis Phase √

Study the GPRS data Capacity Analysis Phase √

Study the high level SW algorithm Analysis Phase v

Gantt Chart (Report 1)

3

Accomplished Task Belongs to Phase Q1-Y1 Q2-Y1 Q3-Y1 Q4-Y1 Q1-Y2 Q2-Y2 Q3-Y2 Q4-Y2

Ph

ase 2

Milesto

ne

Study the authentication methods Analysis Phase√

Study the encryption methods Analysis Phase√

Study the standard CAN bus protocol Analysis Phase√

Study the calculation algorithm of the bus arrival time Analysis Phase√

Select the appropriate Displays Analysis Phase√

Study the Network Security Analysis Phase√

Components, Equipments and Computers Purchasing Phase

Software Purchasing Phase x

GPRS Data Enhancement Design Phase√

GPS Integration with the system Design Phase√

Communication protocol design Design Phase√

Authentication method selection Design Phase√

High level software design Design Phase√

Gantt Chart (cont.) (Report 1)

4

Phase 3 Milestone

Kits , components, Lab materials Purchasing phase √

Encryption method selection Design Phase √

Communication Interface Design Phase √

Enclosure Design Design Phase √

Bus Control Unit Design Phase √

Final PCB Design Design Phase √

Audio player design Design Phase √

Power Amplifier Design Phase √

Data Base Structure Design Design Phase √

Calculation algorithm of the bus arrival time Design Phase √

Communication protocol implementationImplementation Phase √

Authentication method implementationImplementation Phase √

Encryption method implementationImplementation Phase √

Enclosure prototype implementationImplementation Phase √

Gantt Chart (cont.) (Report 2)

5

Phase 4 Milestone

Components Purchasing phase √

CAN bus protocolImplementation Phase √

Implementation for central point software

Implementation Phase √

Processing engine implementationImplementation Phase √

Portal Implementation (Software)Implementation Phase √

Data Base ImplementationImplementation Phase √

Audio Player for prerecorded audioImplementation Phase √

Power amplifierImplementation Phase √

Communication Protocol Verification Lab Testing Phase √

Calculation algorithm of the bus arrival time Lab Testing Phase √

Unit Testing Lab Testing Phase √

Gantt Chart (cont.) (Report 2)

6

Phase 5 Milestone

Software Testing Field Testing Phase

System Testing Field Testing Phase

Security Testing Field Testing Phase

Redo work Testing Phase

Phase 6 Milestone

Preparation of the production files Finalization Phase

Phase 7 Milestone

Final PCB Fabrication Finalization Phase

Enclosure Fabrication Finalization Phase

Phase 8 Milestone

Product Documentation Finalization Phase

Release Documents Finalization Phase

Brochures Finalization Phase

Gantt Chart (cont.) (Field Test)

7

Project main structure

8

Main Outlines

System Network

System Software

System Hardware

System Installation and lab testing

9

10

Communication Protocols and Frame Structure

TCP/IP run over GPRS mobile operator network

Transmitted frames to/from the server and bus/bus-stops categories:

1- Frames between Buses and Server:

Bus registration frame

Bus Route Frame

Bus periodic frame

2- Frames between Server and Stations:

Station registration frame

Arrival time prediction frame

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1- Frames between Buses and Server:

12

Frames between Server and Stations:

13

Bus/Station Identification

In the designed system all busses/stations are defined in the server database though the admin GUI using the IMEI of the GSM module installed in each bus/station.

The IMEI is the unique GSM serial code that can be extracted through AT commands via GSM module controller.

IMEI is typed by the manufacturer on the GSM module and can be used as the in-bus/station unit serial number.

This proposed method gives ease for remote and flexible control and management of all busses/stations in the designed system.

All buses in the designed system remotely load and save the route stations data.

14

Network Traffic Analysis

The network traffic is estimated mainly as a result of two frames:

1-The bus periodic frame (from bus to sever).

2-The arrival time prediction frame (from server to station). The overall rate of this type (2) of frame is too small to be considered and to cause heavy traffic on network

1-The bus periodic frame

= 20 bytes

91 bytes (Table ‎1-1)

20 bytes

132 byte

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Expected Received Traffic

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0.0

200.0

400.0

600.0

800.0

1000.0

1200.0

0 50 100 150 200

To

tal

Tra

ffic

Tra

nsm

itte

d f

rom

on

e

bu

s (b

ps)

Duration between IP packet transmission (sec)

•Average IP traffic transmitted from one

bus vs. duration between IP packets

transmission

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

1 10 100 1000 10000

To

tal

Tra

ffic

re

ceiv

ed

fro

m t

he

bu

ses

(kb

ps)

Number of Buses

•Total‎traffic‎received‎at‎the‎“Central‎

Room”‎server‎vs.‎number‎of‎buses

Design and implementation of AES

The AES is designed, implemented and simulated using hardware and software

The hardware design has taken different considerations into account:

1. Compact design based on saving the memory resources.

2. Code based design to save hardware resources.

3. Adaptable AES algorithm which includes all available block sizes (256, 192, and 128).

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Overall Network Considerations1. Comparison between different available transport protocols (UDP and TCP) was

done:

In the designed system the TCP protocol was selected to be able to establish a reliable connection

2. Comparison between different available methods for sending to the server address (IP and URL):

In the designed system a fixed IP address was used to be able to host the data in the network or even to map this fixed IP address to URL.

3. Selecting the proper connection at the initial bus stations or at the final bus stations (GPRS with server side security or GPRS with VPN connection):

In the designed network the GPRS with server side security was selected to be able to work through different scenarios (i.e. with or without ADSL).

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19

Database structure design

Database is designed using MySQL

Database structure:1. Buses Table: contains the data about the buses.

2. Routes Table: contains the data about the routes.

3. Station Table: contains the data about the stations such as station lattitude, station longitude, station IMIE, station audio code…etc.

4. Gps Packet Table: contains the data about received packets such as: packet sequence, packet lattitude, packet longitude…etc.

5. Route_Station Table data dictionary: Represent the relation between the routes and stations in the system

6. Kalman_data Table: contains the data that are needed to make kalman calculations.

7. Neural_output Table: contains the neural rules.

8. Users Table data dictionary: contains the username and passwords for each user

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Database design

21

Bus arrival time calculation algorithm

Two models are suggested for bus arrival time prediction:

Machine Learning technique (ANN) for off line estimationusing previously collected data from traffic database.

Model- based approach (Kalman filter) for online calculations in case of wide deviation between offline estimation and real time data (special cases).

22

Flowchart of the proposed algorithm

23

The implemented Neural Network

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Kalman filter

25

• A modified Kalman Filter algorithm is used in the current project

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

S0-S1 S0-S2 S0-S3 S0-S4 S0-S5

Sunday

Kalman

Real

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20

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50

S0-S1 S0-S2 S0-S3S0-S4S0-S5

Wednseday

Kalman

Real

Comparison between the actual, ANN, and KF results

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35

S0-S1 S0-S2 S0-S3 S0-S4 S0-S5

Sunday

Neural

Kalman

Real

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5

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35

S0-S1 S0-S2 S0-S3 S0-S4 S0-S5

Monday

Neural

Kalman

Real

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10

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50

S0-S1 S0-S2 S0-S3 S0-S4 S0-S5

Tuesday

Neural

Kalman

Real

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10

20

30

40

50

S0-S1 S0-S2 S0-S3 S0-S4 S0-S5

Wednseday

Neural

Kalman

Real

Web site design (User)

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• Web Site provides the user with relevant bus route information and

bus arrival time prediction.

Web site design (Admin) •The admin in the designed system has full access to add new

system or modify existing system data such as:

1. Routes.

2. Stations per route.

3. Buses.

4. Schedules for each bus.

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29

The proposed system units

30

Central office

Bus stops unit

In Bus unit

The system is composed of two main units:

1. In bus unit.

2.Bus stops unit.

In-Bus unit

31

The different modules attached to Main controller in IN_BUS unit:

GSM/GPRS, GPS, LED/LCD, and Audio announcement system

GSM/GPRS Module (GSM0308):

32

• GSM0308 module is a fully Type-approved GSM/GPRS

device, enabling application-specific, two-way

communication and control

GPS Module (SKM53)

• GPS receiver communication is defined within the

specification of the National Marine Electronics

Association (NMEA).

• The NMEA data include the complete PVT

(position, velocity, time) solution computed by the GPS

receiver.

• A minimum of 4 GPS satellite signals are required to

compute positions.

Dual SIM

33

Due to the problems that have been noticed due to link failure according to

signal coverage which required the use of dual SIM card holder controller

design to switch between different GSM service providers in case of link failure

Storage Module

The EEPROM user module is used to store the bus stationsdata of the route (coordinates (latitude and longitude), audiocode, and the station name).

EEPROM Memory Calculations: Assume the average length of the station name is 18 for Arabic characters (using

UNICODE-UTF8 format) and an audio code of 3 characters

The estimated station data length is 41 Byte

Since the ROM of CY8C29466 is 32 K-Byte

Code occupies around 44% from total memory (14 KByte)

Taking a safety factor of about 20% (6 Kbyte)

Then the maximum number of station can be given is: 299 Stations/Bus

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PSoC Station Configuration

35

• The main core of station unit is divided into two main modules:

Communication module and display interface module

Station Unit

System Displays

In the designed system LED or LCD VGA controlled displays are used in both busses and stations.

The displays are controlled via cypress PSoC technology.

The data are received from the sever through GPRS link using GSM module

36

Characters bit map The system is designed to support Arabic and English characters using

different bit maps for each.

An 8x8 bit map was used for English and Arabic characters, as English characters are characterized by two forms (capital and small letters), also Arabic characters has been characterized in our system by two forms (intermediate and final letters).

The Unicode UTF-8 was used in our system to represent the different characters.

Unlike the English characters where each capital or small letter has its own Unicode with one byte format, Arabic characters in either form are specified by a single Unicode with two bytes format.

The bit map of the different characters and languages are saved and arranged in an EEPROM with a manner to simply the accessibility of the characters with a relation between the memory address and the characters Unicode

37

Audio announcement Module

38

• Driving the announcement system using Cypress PSoC Technology

• The PSoC is used to manage and control the sound module.

• The sound module used in the system “WT588D” supports a serial control mode

with timing guidelines that imitate the standard SPI communication

Sound Modules

39

• The‎two‎sound‎modules’‎clock‎and‎data‎pins‎are‎connected‎together,‎while‎

the chip select pin of each one is controlled individually.

• Selecting one module to operate is by toggling its CS pin to low.

• The sound module used (WT588D) has a memory of size 32M

• Sampling rate of 20 KHz was selected to improve the voice quality.

• This results of about 150 stations per module

Audio amplifier Sound module (WT588D) can drive a 0.5W/8Ω speaker

directly without any external amplification circuit.

System must produce a loud voice that could be heard clearly by the passengers.

The audio amplifier circuit in the system is a differential input LM386 based audio amplifier

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PCB Design Considerations Minimizing power losses - impedance from external power

supply to module power pins was designed to be as low as possible with large traces and sufficient bulk decoupling capacitance

Lowest possible EMI emissions and maximum thermal conductivity - all metal tabs on the GSM/GPS modules shield was soldered down onto a continuous ground plane that runs under the entire module

Thermal reliefs around pads were used to improve solder-ability

41

PCB Design

42

GND

J1A

GSM_CONNECTOR

13579

111315171921232527293133353739414345474951535557596163656769717375777981838587899193959799

2468101214161820222426283032343638404244464850525456586062646668707274767880828486889092949698100

GND

v [5]

J9

mini_prog

12345

GND

P1_1P1_0

XRES

GSM & GPS Control Circuit

GND

GND

simv cc

GND

GNDTXDO

RXDORING

GND

TXD

PW_ON

GND

GND

V[4]

C200.1uf

GNDGNDGNDGNDGNDGNDGNDGND

V[4]V[4]V[4]V[4]V[4]V[4]V[4]V[4]V[4]

gndsimrst

P2_4 GPS_rxP2_3

XRESP1_5PW_C P1_6P1_6P1_6P1_6 RXD

P1_2

P2_0P2_1m

P0_2

P2_1P2_0m

P0_1

P2_2P2_2 Control

P2_6P2_6

P0_6 RING

P2_5

P1_0P1_1P1_3

P2

C8Y29466

11

33

55

77

99

1111

1313

1515

1717

1919

2121

2323

2525

2727

22

44

66

88

1010

1212

1414 16

16

1818

2020

2222

2424

2626

2828

P0_4

P0_7P0_5AUDIOTX

P0_3

V[3.3]

P0_0

TXDOP1_4P1_4

RXDO P1_7

J7

GPS_G229

123456

GPS_rx

simclk

GND

simio

V[5]

SW1

SW PUSHBUTTON

R3

47K

GND

D1

Ringer

R1

2.2k

GND

Q12N1070

D5

LED

PW_ON

R2

10K

R14

2.2k

PW_C

P0_0

GND

GND

GND

C34

0.1U

1

2

VCC[5]

VCC[5]

CS_SM2

VCC[5]

CS_SM1m

+

-

U8

LM386

3

25

6

14 87

P1_1A

GND

C21

0.1U

1 2

J12

mini_progA

12345

XRESA

P1_0A

C22

0.1U

1 2C23

0.047U

1

2

C24

0.1U

1 2

R16

1M

21

R17

1M

21R18

10

2

1

AMP (-)

AMP (+)

VCC[12]

Audio amplifier

J13

sound module

123456789

1011121314

19202122232425262728

15161718

J14

SPEAKER

12

P1_2 (CLK)CS_SM1

AMP (+)

P1_3 (Data)AMP (-)

Reset

D7

R19

1K

21 VCC[5]

Resetm ResetCS_SM1m CS_SM1CLK P1_2 (CLK)Data P1_3 (Data)CS_SM2 P1_4 (CS_SM2)

J19

sound module

123456789

1011121314

19202122232425262728

15161718

P1_4 (CS_SM2)P1_2 (CLK)

AMP (+)

P1_3 (Data)

Reset

gnd

AMP (-)D8

VCC[5]R20

1K

21

C25

220u

gnd

C26100N

GND

ResetmXRESA

AUDIOTX

CLKP1_0A

DataP1_1A

P3

C8Y29466

11

33

55

77

99

1111

1313

1515

1717

1919

2121

2323

2525

2727

22

44

66

88

1010

1212

1414 16

16

1818

2020

2222

2424

2626

2828

C35

0.1U1

2

Audio Control Circuit

GND

C2810UF

C32

10UF

GND

C33

0.1U1

2

VCC[5]

GND

gnd

R25100

CLKV

C36100nf

VCC[5]

gnd

J21

CLOCK

1234

P1_7V

P1_6V

P1_4V

GND

P1_5VCLKV

VCC[5]

P1_4V RED

VCC[5]

P1_7VBLUE

P1_1V

GND

J5

mini_progV

12345

XRESV

P1_0V

gnd

C27100N

XRESV

RXDV P2_6

P1_6VP1_6P1_6P1_6 GREEN

TXDVP2_3

P1_1VV_SYNC

P4

C8Y29466

11

33

55

77

99

1111

1313

1515

1717

1919

2121

2323

2525

2727

22

44

66

88

1010

1212

1414 16

16

1818

2020

2222

2424

2626

2828

V_SYNCH_SYNC

GND

J17

VGA

123456789

101112131415

470

470

470

P1_0VH_SYNC

VGA Control Circuit

J23

analog_sw

123456

J10

SIM1

12

simio1

J11

SIM2

12

gndsimio2simio

simrstsimclk

gnd

V[5]

simio1

J2

sim holder1

123456

C9100nf

gnd

C1122PF

gnd

simv cc

Control

simv ccsimclk

gnd

simio2

simrst

J3

sim holder2

123456

C10100nf

gnd

C1222PF

gnd

Dual Sim Circuit

P1_0m P1_1m

XRESm

VCC[5]

C29

100N

gnd

GND

VCC[5]

P1_1m

J15

mini_progm

12345

AES Controller P1_0m

XRESmgndP2_7m

TXDm

P2_0m

P1_6mRXDm

P2_1m

J24

CON40

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344

GND

U7

L5973D

1

2

34 5

6

7

8

9

C16220uF

C19470uFC18

22nFC17220pF

R124.7K

R132.2K

R1110K

GND

L1

15uH

GND

GND

D4

DIODE 2A

GND

GND

V12

GNDGND

J4

CON2

12

D3 DIODE

GND

gnd

U4v 3.3

VIN3

AD

J1

VOUT2

v o4

C15100nf

V[3.3]

+

C14

10u

V12

+

C13

10uf

Power Circuit

V[4]

+

C8

10u

U2MIC29302WU

GN

D3

Vin

2

En1

VO

UT

4

AD

J5

GND

V12

U3LM7805C/TO

IN1

OUT3

GN

D4

R410K

J8

CON2

12

R64.7K

GND

V[5]VCC[5]

R52.2k

VCC[12]

D2

LED

Design versions

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Third version

Second version

First version

44

The designed prototype

The designed prototype main features:

1. GSM/GPRS based.

2. Plug and play.

3. GUI user friendly based.

4. Remote reconfigurable.

5. Dual GSM/GPRS system providers.

6. Adaptable for any transportation means e.g. (public transportation, railway, river-Nile transportation, travel agencies …etc).

7. Upgradable as a microcontroller based.

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GUI based information system parameters

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Main components of lab test

47

Experiment setup:

48

IN-BUS unit Station unit

Lab experiment scenario

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Change Route

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Results and comments

The lab test scenario has shown acceptable results for different

system components (Network, Software, and hardware) :

The two proposed arrival time calculation algorithms were

tested.

Remote and flexible control and management of all

busses/stations in the designed system were tested

Web access for administrator and user was tested

Dual SIM card holder control to switch between different

GSM service providers in case of link failure was tested

51

Conclusion

1. This Phase has shown the design and implementation of different system components, network, hardware, and software.

2. A lab scenario was proposed to test the designed system components.

3. Problems expected from zone radius selection and road crossing with the stations locations will be taken into consideration in the field testing phase

4. Environmental condition (temperature, vibration, humidity, dust ... etc) will be taken into consideration in the field testing phase.

52

Future Work

1. System will be tested through a field test using the NTI bus fleet which consists of 10 different routes with a total of about 150 stations.

2. The hardware will be finalized and cased in a proper casing according to the field requirements.

3. Designed encryption algorithm will be integrated in the system.

4. Software will be also enhanced according to the field test results and the GUI will support the Arabic language and

will be more user friendly.

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