applications of microbe-plant-chemistry approach to address bio energy & bio remediation needs

8/7/2019 applications of microbe-plant-chemistry approach to address bio energy & bio remediation needs

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- -chemistry Approach to address Bio

energy Bio Remediation needs

Dr. Alok Adholeya1 & Dr. R. K. Sharma2

1

, , ,

Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003

2 Green Chemistry Network Centre

Department of chemistry

University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007



Green chemistry: 12 principles

1. Prevent waste,

2. Desi n safer chemicals and roduct

3. Design less hazardous chemical syntheses

4. Use renewable feed stocks

. ,

6. Avoid chemical derivatives

7. Maximize atom economy

8. Use safer solvents and reaction conditions

9. Increase energy efficiency

10. Desi n chemicals and roducts to de rade after use11. Analyze in real time to prevent pollution

12. Minimize the potential for accidents

12/21/2009 Alok Adholeya & R K Sharma 2



Bioremediation: Microbes-Plant-Chemistry interaction

PlantPlant's exudates (e.g. Phyto-chelators)

Toxic chemicals

in substrate

Microbial metabolites

(e.g. organic acid)

n erna

modification /

storageChemical

Microbes

breakdown

chemicals

(less toxic)




BioremediationGreen Chemistry

Bio-mining




Bio-mining of Cr

The Challenge

In leather industry, tanning is the main process that protects leather

against certain environmental effects and about 90% of tanneries in

the world use chromium salts as tannage materials. Only 60% of the

total Cr takes part in the reaction and the rest of it which remains in

the tanning effluent is subsequently sent to a tannery waste water

management plant where the Cr salts end up in the sludge. Cr is

non-biodegradable and tends to cause serious diseases and

disorder to animals and human beings.




Bio-mining of Cr

The Approach

• Isolation of microbes and lants inhabitin the site laden b tanner waste

and screening of the same based on targeted functional properties.

• Cultivation of plants and microorganisms based on their survivability and Cr

accumulation capability on tannery waste.

• Development of a metal specific resin (Cr) through extensive research on ion

specific resin, which could be able to extract Cr from processed biomass.

• Use of a green chemistry approach (less use of chemicals with minimal waste

generation) and low energy input to give shape to the entire activities.

• Maximum recovery of Cr (≥ 99%)




The Achievement

Cr accumulator lant / % of Cr extraction from

bacteria / fungi

T1 0.22 – 3.11

T2 0.30 – 4.64

fungi biomass

Aloe Vera (whole plant) 96.40

Vetiver (whole plant) 93.64

T3 3.91 – 8.21

T4 3.37 – 5.57

–

Cauliflower (root) 98.50

Tobacco (root) 97.30

T6 2.74 – 4.97

T7 2.37 – 6.07

–

S1 44.3%

S2 79.8%

. .

T9 6.43 – 19.5

F1 6.00

.

R1A 76.5%

R1A1 59.5%.

F3 5.44

F4 6.90

S1-S3, R1A, R1A1 ~ Fungal strains


.

T1-T9 ~ Bacterial strains; F1-F5~ Fungal strains



ome o er examp es o some o er examp es o s

technolo ies based on lanttechnolo ies based on lant--

microbemicrobe--chemistry interactionschemistry interactions




Reclamation of Chlor-alkali sludge

The hurdle

The chemical wastes formed out of alkali and chloride rich sediments from

industrial discharge was posing a health hazard for the residents of the

coastal areas nearby. The highly saline substrate made germination of seeds

.

extremely high pH (11.7) and electrical conductivity (74.4 mS/cm2) as

compare o e near neu ra p . an e ec r ca con uc v y near

mS/cm2) of normal soil.





The way out

• Isolation and mass multiplication of microbes inhabiting the chlor-alkali

sludge laden sites.

• Plantation of partially tolerant plant species on a specially designed

substrate.

• Mycorrhizal biofertilizers provide tolerance and strength to the plants to

withstand the adverse conditions by enhancing uptake of nitrogen and

phosphorous.

• se o swee wa er rs , o owe y a com na on o swee wa er an sea

water, and then only sea water : Typical site specific water management




The Achievement

2468

1012

14

Desi baboolVetiver

20

40

60

80

100

Desi baboolVetiver

pH EC (mS/cm)

Rambabool

CasurinaParas pipal

Kharagrass

0

Rambabool

CasurinaParas pipal

Kharagrass

400Initial P(mg/kg)

K (mg/kg)Initial

OC(%)

N (%)

0

100

200

300Desi babool

RambaboolKharagrass

Vetiver

0

2

4

6

Desi babool

RambaboolKharagrass

Vetiver

CasurinaParas pipalCasurinaParas pipal




Reclamation of fly ash dykes

The hurdle

Combustion of coal produces fine solid particles of ash, dust and soot

, , , , ,

mercury, etc. all of which are hazardous to health. Fly ash is dumped as

slurry in ash dykes, from which the toxic metals seep into the ground,

. ,

the soil fertility, harm the aquatic plants and disturb the food chain.





The way out

• Identification of certain strains of naturally occurring mycorrhizal

fungi that provide nutritional support and high level of stress

tolerance to the plants.

•

additional doses of organic and Mycorrhizal fertilizers.

• Conversion of barren land to a lush green area.




Jatropha on fly ash dykes




The achievement

uRoot Shoot Root Shoot Root Shoot Root Shoot

Khandwa 11.1 6.7 24.1 32.2 506.3 506.1 137.0 424.0

Shahdol 7.5 5.9 20.9 29.1 371.4 334.0 230.0 394.2

Jagdalpur 7.1 6.9 24.3 28.9 535.5 449.6 156.4 453.3

. . . . . . . .

Udaipur 8.8 5.0 21.0 28.7 572.2 354.2 236.7 247.2

Kanchivaram 5.4 8.5 23.5 34.9 410.7 290.5 219.7 438.8

Metal conc. are in ppm




How mycorrhiza function in metal enriched substrate

like fly ash (mycorrhizoremediation)




Reclamation of hyper-saline desert land

The Hurdle

The hyper-saline area of Dukhan, located in the western part of

Qatar has extremely adverse land and water conditions prior to

farming. The soil salinity level is very high and accumulation of white

salts (soluble chloride and sulfates of Ca, Mg, Na and K) on soil

surface (white encrustation) is a common phenomena. Moreover,

the climate is hot subtropical characterized by hot humid summers

and semi short winters with scant and infrequent rainfalls.





The way out

• In-situ raising of nursery

• Application of mycorrhiza with selected plant species

• Adaptation of different plantation model including off season

.

• Need based application of organic manure and water (efficient

utilization of water)

• Composting and recycling of all organic residues at site.




Reclamation of distillery effluent loaded wasteland

The hurdle

The problem posed by distillery effluents runs, literally, pretty deep-run-off

effluents percolate into surrounding fields, thereby polluting soil and

damaging soil structure. The task at hand is twofold: to dispose of effluents

- , -

that have turned into wastelands. Moreover, the dumping site that TERI had

to reclaim had suffered 6 years matter of regular loading of distillery

effluents rich in organic and acute salinity (electrical conductivity as high as

34.4 mS/cm2 as against the normal value of less than 1). Besides these

, .

pH of 7). Over time, the site was completely saturated and could not take

any more effluents.





The way out

• o ca on o e e uen a en an scape o a spec a y es gne

disposal site with alternate furrow and ridges.

• Plantation of HRTS capable plants with mycorrhiza on raised beds

(ridges).

• Disposal of brewery effluent into furrow.

• Eva o-trans iration of effluent and a earance of reen cover over

the effluent loaded soil.




Thank ou


applications of microbe-plant-chemistry approach to address bio energy & bio remediation needs

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