Applications of Geophysical Methods at the DOE Field ... · PDF fileApplications of...
Transcript of Applications of Geophysical Methods at the DOE Field ... · PDF fileApplications of...
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Applications of Geophysical Methods at the DOE Field Research Center, Oak Ridge
2002-2004
J.R. SheehanL.P. Beard, W.E. Doll, T.J. Gamey and D.B. Watson
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
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Methods Employed
• Multielectrode Resistivity• Seismic Refraction Tomography• Geophysical Logging• Azimuthal Resistivity • Crosshole Resistivity
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Seismic refraction tomography data acquisition:Profiling geologic setting
• Bison EWG-1 accelerated weight-drop source, stacks of 4-8 shots
• Geometrics Strataview48-channel seismograph, 1/8ms sample interval
• 1-2m receiver spacing• 2-4m shot spacing
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Seismic Refraction Tomography with well penetration (area 3)
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Multielectrode Resistivity: Used to profile geologic setting and contaminants
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Multielectrode resistivity data collection
• 56-electrode Sting Swift system• Data acquired on two lines, 7m apart• On Line 1, acquired one long line at
2m electrode spacing and two lines at 1m electrode spacing
• Both dipole-dipole and Schlumberger configurations tested
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Resistivity with well nitrate concentrations (area 3)
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Resistivity with velocity overlay
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Boreholeand
Surface resultscompared (area 3)0
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Relating Drilling information to tomography result
• Depth of refusal for driven probes correlates well with the 1,000 m/s velocity contour
• Based on augerholes, the bottom of the transition zone (top of bedrock) corresponds to somewhere between the 1,500 m/s and 2,000 m/s velocity contours.
• The cores taken during augering in the vicinity of position 25 m to 35 m confirmed that bedrock in this area is about 15 m deep as estimated from the velocity profile.
• Borehole velocity logs follow the same trend as tomographic results.
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Relating borehole geophysics and ground water sampling to resistivity results
• Borehole resistivity logs show the same resistivity trends as surface resistivity results
• Ground water nitrate concentrations correlate well with the surface resistivity results
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Area 2 Seismic
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Area 2 Seismic
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Field Research Center Electrical conductivity Profiling
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FW019 FW015FW021 FW027
WestEast
Data acquired by Geophex Ltd.
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Area 3: EM Logging During Flow Test
• 10 wells logged repetitively over a 1-week period with EM-39 borehole conductivity logger
• A dilute KCL solution was injected in well 24 and displaced highly conductive nitrate-rich fluids.
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3D: +30% change in resistivity2D: log(NO3 concentration) in mg/l
% changeresistivity log(conc)
Time 014 hrs
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3D: +30% change in resistivity2D: log(NO3 concentration) in mg/l
% changeresistivity log(conc)
Time 028 hrs
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3D: +30% change in resistivity2D: log(NO3 concentration) in mg/l
% changeresistivity log(conc)
Time 046 hrs
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3D: +30% change in resistivity2D: log(NO3 concentration) in mg/l
% changeresistivity log(conc)
Time 062 hrs
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3D: +30% change in resistivity2D: log(NO3 concentration) in mg/l
% changeresistivity log(conc)
Time 078 hrs
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3D: +30% change in resistivity2D: log(NO3 concentration) in mg/l
% changeresistivity log(conc)
Time 095 hrs
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3D: +30% change in resistivity2D: log(NO3 concentration) in mg/l
% changeresistivity log(conc)
Time 119 hrs
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3D: +30% change in resistivity2D: log(NO3 concentration) in mg/l
% changeresistivity log(conc)
Time 143 hrs
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Time-lapse logging
• Time lapse EM logs showed a steady increase in the zone of increased resistivity as conductive fluids were displaced near the injection well.
• The resistivity pattern agreed with the flow direction and dip of the geological strata.
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New Seismic and Resistivity Lines
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Line A’-A: along south side of bio-oxidation tanks (F4, F5, F6)
A A’0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45Position (m)
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Line B’-B, along north side of bio-denitrification tanks (F1, F2, F3)
B0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45Position (m)
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Line C-C’: along east side of bio-denitrification tank F3, through tanker yard
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Line D-D’: along east side of S-3 ponds parking lot
D D’0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90Position (m)
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Low-velocity feature across thee lines
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Admin. Coord. (m)
Red areas on the lines are approximate locations of the low velocity (hole) feature with the yellow line showing the trend.
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Location of Seismic Feature
Seismic FeaturePrimary zone of transport
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Area 3: 2004 Seismic Refraction Tomography and Resistivity
• Resistivity shows bedrock interface, but no surprises
• Seismic data indicate a possible conduit, oriented along geologic strike, intersecting three profiles at similar depth
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Azimuthal Resistivity, FRC Area 2
• To define the preferential flow direction, resistivity was measured repeatedly over a 5-day period during a flow test
• Bromide was injected at ~400 mg/L.• Injection rate: 0.5 L/min for 24 hours
followed by 24h at 3 L/min• Two significant flow directions became
apparent
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Surface Resistivity, FRC Area 2
Schlumberger/Wenner inverted resistivity section across proposed bio-remediation test cell
| bio cell | WE | FW 216
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Azimuthal Resistivity, FRC Area 2
FW215
TMW7 DP19s
FW212FW214
FW216-1,2
TPB16FW202-2GW835
DP13
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Bromide detected
Electrode array
Also saw Bromide in Seep1 and Seep2
Center forazimuthalresistivity
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Azimuthal Resistivity, FRC Area 2electrode locations
N
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Road
Iron Filings
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Azimuthal Resistivity, FRC Area 2
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Hour 12
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Hour 16
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Hour 20
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Hour 24
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Hour 28
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Hour 40.5
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Hour 123
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Azimuthal Resistivity Summary
• Two directions showed most change in azimuthal resistivity: N30E, N105E
• These directions align roughly parallel with and orthogonal to the bromide solution flow direction.
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Crosshole Resistivity
• Purpose: To test cross-borehole equipment and software preliminary to use at Area 2 bio-remediation test site.
• Data collected August 19-20, 2004• Area 2, between wells 228 and 229
Area 1, between wells 065 and 066
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Cross-borehole resistivityArea 1
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Cross-borehole resistivityArea 2
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Cross-borehole Results
• Inverted crosshole resistivities are reasonable for the geological conditions and groundwater geochemistry.
• Lower resistivities starting at ~5 m depth in Area 1 are most likely the beginning of higher nitrate concentrations.
• The localized high-resistivity feature in the FW 228-229 line is likely a rock or other aquatard, such as clay.
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Conclusions• Multielectrode resistivity was effective in imaging
the ionic contamination plume • Refraction tomography successfully mapped the
transition zone between saprolite and bedrock that shows a significant influence on contaminant transport
• The geophysical results were used to help select the location and depth of investigation at Area 3 for field research
• Drilling, borehole geophysics, and ground water sampling verified the geophysical results
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Conclusions• Repeated EM conductivity logging during Area 3
flow test provided documentation for propagation of the injected fluid through time
• Azimuthal resistivity data acquired during flow tests (Area 2) indicates preferential pathways
• Crosshole resistivity sections in Areas 1 and 2 are in general agreement with known geology
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