Application-Specific Integrated Circuit .

• Application-Specific Integrated Circuit

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-application-specific-integrated-circuit-toolkit.html

ARM Holdings

1 The company was founded as Advanced RISC Machines, ARM, a joint venture between Acorn Computers, Apple Computer (now Apple Inc.) and VLSI Technology. The new

company intended to further the development of the Acorn RISC Machine's RISC chip, which was originally used in the Acorn Archimedes

and had been selected by Apple for their Newton project. The design was flexible and is

now the processing core for many custom application-specific integrated circuits.


Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless - Software

1 For software developers, Brew MP is a full set of application programming interfaces (API) that enables making software and applications in C, C++, Java, and is supported (platform) by

an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). It has a memory

footprint of about 15,900 K. Brew MP runs on Brew RTOS.


Automated teller machine - Hardware

1 Due to heavier computing demands and the falling price of Personal Computer-like

architectures, ATMs have moved away from custom hardware architectures using

microcontrollers and/or application-specific integrated circuits to adopting the hardware architecture of a Personal Computer, such

as, USB connections for peripherals, Ethernet and IP communications, and use

personal computer operating systems


Internet protocol suite - Implementations

1 Non-programmable analog and digital electronics are normally in

charge of the physical components below the link layer, typically using an application-specific integrated

circuit (ASIC) chipset for each network interface or other physical

standard


Free and open-source graphics device driver - Viewed from the hardware developer's perspective

1 Application-specific integrated circuitry / Integrated circuitry/ microprocessors designed and

suitable to efficiently, when looking at power consumption and silicon,

accelerate the calculations required by the rasterisation of 3D wire-frame models, is actually pretty simple and

straight forward.


Embedded system - ASIC and FPGA solutions

1 A common array of n configuration for very-high-volume embedded systems is the system on a chip (SoC) which contains a complete

system consisting of multiple processors, multipliers, caches and

interfaces on a single chip. SoCs can be implemented as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or using a field-programmable gate

array (FPGA).https://store.theartofservice.com/the-application-specific-integrated-circuit-toolkit.html

Compiler - Hardware compilation

1 The output of some compilers may target computer hardware at a very

low level, for example a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or

structured Application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)


Ericsson - Ericsson Mobile Platforms

1 The product offerings include reference designs, platform software, application-specific integrated circuit

(ASIC) designs and development boards, development and test tools, training, support and documentation


Integrated circuit - Advances in integrated circuits

1 Digital memory chips and application-specific integrated

circuits (ASIC)s are examples of other families of integrated circuits that are important to the modern information

society


Parallel computing - Application-specific integrated circuits

1 Several application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) approaches have been devised for dealing with

parallel applications.


Ethernet - Bridging and switching

1 The eventual remedy for this was a return to the original store and

forward approach of bridging, where the packet would be read into a

buffer on the switch in its entirety, verified against its checksum and then forwarded, but using more

powerful application-specific integrated circuits


Router (computing) - Forwarding

1 These functions may be performed through the same internal paths that the packets travel inside the router. Some of the functions may be performed through an application-specific integrated circuit

(ASIC) to avoid overhead caused by multiple CPU cycles, and others may

have to be performed through the CPU as these packets need special attention

that cannot be handled by an ASIC.


Bitcoin protocol - Bitcoin mining

1 An arms race has been observed through the various hashing technologies that

have been used to mine bitcoins: basic CPUs, High-end GPUs (Graphical

Processing Units) common in many gaming computers, FPGAs (Field

Programmable Gate Arrays) and ASICs (Application-specific integrated circuits) all

have been used with the latter reducing profitability of each former technology


Hardware description language - Design using HDL

1 Depending on the physical technology (Field-programmable gate

array|FPGA, Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC gate array, ASIC standard cell), HDLs may or

may not play a significant role in the back-end flow


Xbox 360 technical problems - Causes

1 Electronics industry newspaper EE Times reported that the problems may have started in the graphics chip. Microsoft

designed the chip in-house to cut out the traditional Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC vendor with the goal of saving money in ASIC design costs. After multiple product failures, Microsoft went back to an ASIC vendor and had the chip redesigned

so it would dissipate less heat.


Semiconductor chip - Advances in integrated circuits

1 Digital Random access memory|memory chips and application-

specific integrated circuits (ASIC)s are examples of other families of

integrated circuits that are important to the modern information society


System-on-chip - Design flow

1 After debug the hardware of the SoC follows the place and route|place-

and-route phase of the design of an integrated circuit or Application-

specific integrated circuit|ASIC before it is fabricated.


Wireless sensor network - Characteristics

1 Other possible inclusions are energy harvesting modules, secondary Application-specific integrated

circuit|ASICs, and possibly secondary communication interface (e.g


Cisco IOS - Architecture

1 In routers with hardware-based forwarding, such as the Cisco 12000

series, IOS computes the FIB in software and loads it into the

forwarding hardware (such as an Application-specific integrated

circuit|ASIC or network processor), which performs the actual packet

forwarding function.


ASIC

1 An 'application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)' , is an integrated

circuit (IC) customized for a particular use, rather than intended

for general-purpose use. For example, a chip designed to run in a

digital voice recorder is an ASIC. Application-specific standard

products (ASSPs) are intermediate between ASICs and industry standard

integrated circuits like the 7400 series|7400 or the 4000 series.


Signal processing - Digital signal processing

1 Processing is done by general-purpose computers or by digital

circuits such as Application-specific integrated circuit|ASICs, field-programmable gate arrays or

specialized digital signal processors (DSP chips)


Blue Gene - Architecture

1 Each Blue Gene/L Compute or I/O node was a single Application-

specific integrated circuit|ASIC with associated Dynamic random access

memory|DRAM memory chips


Neurostimulation - Cochlear Implants

1 The internal unit in the cochlear implants is an ASIC (Application-

specific integrated circuit) chip that is responsible to ensure safe and

reliable electric stimulation


Electronic circuits - Digital circuits

1 Digital circuitry is used to create general purpose computing chips,

such as microprocessors, and custom-designed logic circuits, known as application-specific

integrated circuit (ASICs). Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs),

chips with logic circuitry whose configuration can be modified after fabrication, are also widely used in

prototyping and development.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-application-specific-integrated-circuit-toolkit.html

Parallel programming - Application-specific integrated circuits

1 Several application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) approaches have been devised for

dealing with parallel applications.Maslennikov, Oleg (2002).

[http://www.springerlink.com/content/jjrdrb0lelyeu3e9/ Systematic Generation of Executing

Programs for Processor Elements in Parallel ASIC or FPGA-Based Systems and Their

Transformation into VHDL-Descriptions of Processor Element Control Units.] Lecture Notes

in Computer Science, '2328/2002:' p.272.


CMOS - Power: switching and leakage

1 CMOS logic dissipates less power than NMOS logic circuits because CMOS dissipates power only when switching (dynamic power). On a typical application-specific integrated circuit|

ASIC in a modern 90 nanometer process, switching the output might take 120

picoseconds, and happens once every ten nanoseconds. NMOS logic dissipates power

whenever the transistor is on, because there is a current path from Vdd to Vss through the

load resistor and the n-type network.


Physics processing unit - History

1 This project was extended into a considerably more advanced

Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC-based system named

HELLAS.


Digital signal processing

1 DSP algorithms have long been run on standard computers, as well as on specialized processors called digital

signal processor and on purpose-built hardware such as application-specific

integrated circuit (ASICs)


Digital signal processing - Implementation

1 Beginning in 2007, multicore implementations of DSPs have started to emerge from

companies including Freescale and Stream Processors, Inc. For faster applications with vast usage, Application-specific integrated

circuit|ASICs might be designed specifically. For slow applications, a traditional slower processor

such as a microcontroller may be adequate. Also a growing number of DSP applications are now being implemented on Embedded Systems using powerful PCs with a Multi-core processor.


Intel Corporation - SRAMS and the microprocessor

1 Originally developed for the Japanese company Busicom to replace a number of Application-specific

integrated circuit|ASICs in a calculator already produced by

Busicom, the Intel 4004 was introduced to the mass market on November 15, 1971, though the

microprocessor did not become the core of Intel's business until the mid-

1980shttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-application-specific-integrated-circuit-toolkit.html

MIFARE - MIFARE Classic

1 The MIFARE Classic card is fundamentally just a memory storage device, where the

memory is divided into segments and blocks with simple security mechanisms for access

control. They are Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC-based and have

limited computational power. Thanks to their reliability and low cost, those cards are widely used for electronic wallet, access

control, corporate ID cards, transportation or stadium ticketing.


Sensor node - Controller

1 While the most common controller is a microcontroller, other alternatives that can be used as a controller are:

a general purpose Desktop computer|desktop microprocessor,

digital signal processors, Field Programmable Gate Array|FPGAs and

Application-specific integrated circuit|ASICs


3Com - 1997-2000

1 In the lucrative server network interface card business, 3Com

remained second in market share, after Intel. 3Com never managed to beat Intel with its own products or

even with joint ventures with Broadcom . It started developing

Gigabit Ethernet cards in-house but later scrapped the plans. Later, it

formed a joint venture with Broadcom, where Broadcom would

develop the main Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC component

and the NIC would be 3Com branded.


VHDL - History

1 VHDL was originally developed at the behest of the United States Department of Defense|U.S

Department of Defense in order to document the behavior of the Application-specific integrated

circuit|ASICs that supplier companies were including in equipment.


Atmel

1 Atmel supplies its devices as standard products, application-

specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or application-specific standard product

(ASSPs) depending on the requirements of its customers.


FTDI

1 FTDI provides application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) design services.

They also provide consultancy services for product design, specifically in the realm of electronic devices. The company's flagship

product is its FTDI Chip, an integrated circuit which is a common component on electronic devices using microcontrollers, such as the Arduino physical computing

platform (up to before Arduino#ArduinoUno|Arduino Uno).


Arista Networks - Extensible Operating System

1 There are more than 100 independent regular Process

(computing)|processes, called agents, responsible for different

aspects and features of the switch, including drivers that manage the

switching Application-specific integrated circuit|ASICs, the

Command-line interface|CLI, Simple Network Management Protocol|SNMP, Spanning Tree Protocol, and various

routing protocols


Arista Networks - Ethernet switches

1 All of Arista's switches are built using merchant silicon instead of custom

switching Application-specific integrated circuit|ASICs


LAN switching - Layer 2 switching

1 Layer 2 switching is hardware based,[http://www.techsoftcomputing.com/internetworkdesign/nd2002.html#wp

3310 Techsoft Computing] which means switches use application-

specific integrated circuit (ASICs) to build and maintain filter tables (also

known as MAC address tables or CAM Table|CAM tables)


LAN switching - Layer 3 switching

1 Layer 3 switching is all hardware-based packet forwarding, and all packet forwarding is handled by

hardware Application-specific integrated circuit|ASICs. Layer 3 switches really are no different

functionally than a traditional router and perform the same functions,

which are listed here


Atmel AVR - Brief history

1 The original AVR MCU was developed at a local Application-specific

integrated circuit|ASIC house in Trondheim, Norway called Nordic

VLSI at the time, now Nordic Semiconductor, where Bogen and Wollan were working as students


Forwarding plane - Issues in router forwarding performance

1 Routers may have one or more processors. In a uniprocessor design, these performance parameters are affected not just by the processor speed, but by competition for the

processor. Higher-performance routers invariably have multiple

processing elements, which may be general-purpose processor chips or

specialized application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC).


Norwegian Institute of Technology - Commercial impact

1 *Nordic Semiconductor|Nordic Semiconductor ASA (application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC

design, SoCs, radio frequency|RF/mixed-signal hybrid

integrated circuit|IC's) [ http://www.nordicsemi.no/index.cfm?obj=menuact=displayMenumen=65]


Eben Upton

1 'Eben Christopher Upton' is a Technical Director and Application-

specific integrated circuit|ASIC Systems architect|architect for

Broadcom. He is also a founder and former trustee of the Raspberry Pi

Foundation, responsible for the overall software architecture|

software and hardware architecture of the Raspberry Pi device.


Universal Metering Interface - Current business

1 Application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and field-

programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are also developed


Open hardware

1 Since the rise of reconfigurable programmable logic devices, sharing of logic designs has been a form of open-source hardware. Instead of the

schematics, hardware description language (HDL) code is shared. HDL descriptions are commonly used to set up system-on-a-chip systems either in field-programmable gate

arrays (FPGA) or directly in application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) designs. HDL modules,

when distributed, are called semiconductor intellectual property cores, or IP cores.


Internet protocol suite - Implementations

1 Non-programmable analog and digital electronics are normally in

charge of the physical components below the link layer, typically using an application-specific integrated

circuit (ASIC) chipset for each network interface or other physical

standard


Target language (computing) - Hardware compilation

1 The output of some compilers may target computer hardware at a very

low level, for example a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or

structured Application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)


Renesas Technology - Products

1 ** Application-specific integrated circuit|ASICs


Content switch - Layer 3 switching

1 The major difference between the packet switching operation of a

router (computing)|router and that of a Network layer|Layer 3 switch is the physical implementation. In general-

purpose routers, packet switching takes place using software that runs

on a microprocessor, whereas a Layer 3 switch performs this using

dedicated application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) hardware.


Synopsys

1 Synopsys offers a wide range of other products used in the design of

an application-specific integrated circuit


Reconfigurable computing

1 application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) is the possibility to adapt the hardware during runtime

by loading a new circuit on the reconfigurable fabric.


Local Interconnect Network - Network topology

1 The master is typically a microcontroller, whereas the slaves

are implemented as Application-specific integrated circuit|ASICs.


Converged network adapter - Broadcom

1 Broadcom offers their CNAs under their own brand name but also sell the application-specific integrated

circuits and other related components to others


FPGA

1 A 'field-programmable gate array' ('FPGA') is an integrated circuit designed to be configured by a customer or a designer after manufacturing—hence field-

programmable. The FPGA configuration is generally specified

using a hardware description language (HDL), similar to that used for an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) (circuit diagrams were

previously used to specify the configuration, as they were for ASICs,

but this is increasingly rare).


HP Integrity - General

1 It consisted of three distinct application-specific integrated

circuits; a memory and I/O controller, a scalable memory adapter and an

I/O adapter.


Application-specific integrated circuit

1 An 'application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)' , is an integrated circuit (IC)

customized for a particular use, rather than intended for general-purpose use. For

example, a chip designed to run in a digital voice recorder or a high efficiency

Bitcoin_mining#Bitcoin_mining|Bitcoin miner is an ASIC. Application-specific standard

products (ASSPs) are intermediate between ASICs and industry standard integrated circuits like the 7400 series|7400 or the 4000 series.


Xilinx - Growth

1 These targeted design platforms are an alternative to costly application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and application-specific standard

products (ASSPs).Lou Sosa, Electronic Design


Graphics hardware and FOSS - Viewed from the hardware developer's perspective

1 Application-specific integrated circuitry / Integrated circuitry/

microprocessors, when designed with the primary goal of efficiency, with

regards to power consumption, silicon usage, and the actual

acceleration of the calculations required to Rasterization|rasterise 3D

wire-frame models, are actually pretty simple and straight forward.


Graphics hardware and FOSS - Viewed from the hardware developer's perspective

1 Especially potential newcomers to the business of graphic acceleration

Application-specific integrated circuit|ASICs would gain a

considerable amount of know-how, without bearing the very high costs involved in the development of the

know-how.


HP 2100 - A-Series (1981-1996)

1 *A990 - CPU implemented with two 208-pin CMOS application-specific

integrated circuits (ASICs), 298 instructions, supports up to 512 MB

of memory.


Label switched path - Competitors

1 This goal is no longer relevant because of the usage of newer

switching methods, such as Application-specific integrated

circuit|ASIC, Content-addressable memory#Ternary CAMs|TCAM and

Content-addressable memory|CAM-based switching


PowerPC 600 - 60x bus

1 It helped the Apple Power Macintosh team by reducing the amount of redesign of their

support Application-specific integrated circuit|ASICs and it reduced the amount of time required for the processor designers

and architects to propose, document, negotiate, and close a new bus interface

(successfully avoiding the Bus Wars expected by the 601 management team if the 88110 bus or the previous RSC buses

hadn't been adopted).https://store.theartofservice.com/the-application-specific-integrated-circuit-toolkit.html

Juniper Networks Technical Certification Program - Major acquisitions

1 In December 2000, Juniper acquired Application-specific integrated

circuit|ASIC design firm Micro Magic Inc., for $260 million in stocks and

cash


Juniper Networks Technical Certification Program - Core wars

1 The product was a first-ever implementation of packet forwarding

in silicon (Application-specific integrated circuit|ASICs) that could sustain line-rate packet forwarding

across eight packet-over-Synchronous optical networking|

SONET (Optical Carrier transmission rates#OC-48 / STM-16x / 2.5G

SONET|OC48c) ports in a half-19-inch rack|rack form factor


Juniper Networks Technical Certification Program - Current router product lineup

1 While the E, LN, M, MX, T and PTX series are all high speed Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC based

devices capable of terminating multiple broadband optical

connections, the Juniper J-Series|J-Series forwarding plane is partially software-driven. Juniper J-Series|J-Series also is capable of carrying

non-Juniper hardware in the form of Avaya IP Telephony module.


PowerPC 400

1 The 'PowerPC 400' family is a line of 32-bit Embedded system|embedded RISC

microprocessor|processor cores built using Power Architecture technology. The cores are designed to fit inside specialized applications

ranging from system-on-a-chip (SoC) microcontrollers, network appliances, application-specific integrated circuits

(ASICs) and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to set-top boxes, storage devices

and supercomputers.


NCR 53C9x

1 The 'NCR 53C9x' is a family of application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) produced by the

former NCR Corporation and others for implementing the SCSI (small computer standard interface) bus protocol in hardware and relieving

the host system of the work required to sequence the SCSI bus


Virtual circuit - Layer 2/3 virtual circuits

1 Switches can easily be implemented in Application-specific integrated

circuit|ASIC hardware, while routing is more complex and requires

software implementation


Spacewire - Protocols

1 * 239: Serial Transfer Universal Protocol (STUP) (Used on

[http://www.atmel.com/dyn/products/product_card.asp?part_id=4206 SMCS-332] Application-specific

integrated circuit|ASIC)


CPU design - Details

1 * CMOS Application-specific integrated circuit|ASICs - what's

commonly used today, they're so common that the term ASIC is not

used for CPUs


IEEE Robert N. Noyce Medal - Recipients

1 *'2005:' Wilfred Corrigan|Wilfred J. Corrigan (LSI Logic, United States)

For pioneering the modern day gate-array, standard cell|standard-cell

Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC, System-on-a-chip|

system-on-chip and platform ASIC markets and for leadership in

semiconductor business, technology, and industry cooperation.


Standard cell

1 In semiconductor design, 'standard cell' methodology is a method of designing application-specific integrated circuits

(ASICs) with mostly digital-logic features. In physics a standard cell has long been, as defined by the Oxford English Dictionary,

2nd ed., any of several forms of voltaic cell which produce a constant and reproducible electromotive force if lightly loaded; i.e., a

voltage Technical standard|standard.


OpenCores - The OpenCores library

1 Currently the emphasis is on digital modules called 'cores', commonly

known as Semiconductor intellectual property core|IP Cores. The

components are used for creating both custom integrated circuits (Application-specific integrated

circuit|ASICs) and Field-programmable gate array|FPGAs.


IP core

1 IP cores can be used as building blocks within application-specific

integrated circuit|ASIC chip designs or field-programmable gate array|

FPGA logic designs.


LEON - LEON processor models and distributions

1 A LEON processor can be implemented in programmable logic device|programmable logic such as an Field-programmable gate

array|FPGA or manufactured into an Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC.

This section and the subsequent subsections focus on the LEON processors as soft IP cores

and summarise the main features of each processor version and the infrastructure with which the processor is packaged, referred to

as a LEON distribution.


LSI Logic - 1981-2004

1 LSI Logic started developing its CoreWare technology in 1992. In 1993, Sony Computer

Entertainment chose LSI Logic as their application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC

partner, charged with fitting the PlayStation CPU on a single chip. LSI’s CoreWare could

do it, while other offers made to Sony needed two chips. Sony also worked with

LSI’s engineers develop the graphics engine, DMA controller, Channel I/O|I/O and bus

controllers.


OpenRISC - Implementations

1 As the OpenRISC 1000 is now considered stable the OpenCores project is trying to build a cost-efficient Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC with this design to get improved performance.[http://opencores.org/donation

OpenCores - Call for OpenRISC ASIC donations] They launched a call for donations in 2011 with the aim to produce the first ASIC in Q1 2012.[http://opencores.org/donation,faq OpenCores donation FAQ] As of January 2014,

the first ASIC hasn't been produced yet.


OpenRISC - Commercial implementations

1 Flextronics International and Jennic Limited manufactured the OpenRISC

as part of an Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC


Image processor - Models

1 Image processor users are using industry standard products, application-specific

standard products (ASSP) or even application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) with trade

names: Canon's is called DIGIC, Nikon's EXPEED, Olympus' TruePic, Panasonic's

VENUS Engine and Sony's BIONZ. Some are known to be based on the Fujitsu Milbeaut,

the Texas Instruments OMAP, Panasonic MN103, Zoran Corporation|Zoran Coach, Altek

Sunny or Sanyo image/video processors.


Register-transfer level - RTL description

1 Using an Electronic design automation|EDA tool for synthesis,

this description can usually be directly translated to an equivalent hardware implementation file for an

Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC or an FPGA. The logic

synthesis|synthesis tool also performs logic optimization.


Bitcoin mining

1 An arms race has been observed through the various hashing

technologies that have been used to mine bitcoins: basic CPUs, high-end

GPUs (graphics processing units) common in many gaming computers,

FPGAs (field-programmable gate arrays) and ASICs (application-

specific integrated circuits) all have been used with the latter reducing

profitability of each former technology


Application-specific standard product

1 An 'application specific standard product' or 'ASSP' is an integrated circuit that

implements a specific function that appeals to a wide market. As opposed to

Application-specific integrated circuit|ASICs that combine a collection of functions and

are designed by or for one customer, ASSPs are available as off-the-shelf components.

ASSPs are used in all industries, from automotive to communications.


Uncommitted Logic Array

1 A 'gate array' or 'uncommitted logic array' ('ULA') is an approach to the

design and manufacture of application-specific integrated

circuits (ASICs), using a prefabricated chip with active devices like NAND-gates, that are later interconnected

according to a custom order by adding metal layers in the factory

environment.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-application-specific-integrated-circuit-toolkit.html

Library (electronics)

1 #In semiconductor design, standard cell methodology is a method of

designing application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) with mostly digital-logic features.


Field-programmable gate array

1 A 'field-programmable gate array' ('FPGA') is an integrated circuit designed to be

configured by a customer or a designer after manufacturing hence field-programmable.

The FPGA configuration is generally specified using a hardware description language (HDL), similar to that used for an application-specific

integrated circuit (ASIC) (circuit diagrams were previously used to specify the

configuration, as they were for ASICs, but this is increasingly rare).


Full custom

1 Full-custom design potentially maximizes the performance of the chip, and minimizes its area, but is

extremely labor-intensive to implement. Full-custom design is

limited to ICs that are to be fabricated in extremely high

volumes, notably certain microprocessors and a small number

of Application-specific integrated circuit|ASICs.


Structured ASIC platform

1 'Structured ASIC' is an intermediate technology between Application-

specific integrated circuit|ASIC and FPGA, offering high performance, a characteristic of ASIC, and low Non-recurring engineering|NRE cost, a

characteristic of FPGA.


Placement (EDA) - Placement within the EDA design flow

1 In the case of application-specific integrated circuits, or ASICs, the

chip’s core layout area comprises a


Scrypt - Introduction

1 They are therefore easily and cheaply implemented in hardware

(for instance on an Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC or even an Field-programmable gate

array|FPGA)


Scrypt - Proof-of-work in cryptocurrency operations

1 As of May 2014, specialized Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC mining hardware is

available for scrypt-based cryptocurrencies.


Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture

1 Since its inception, the scope of AMBA has despite its name gone far beyond microcontroller devices, and

is now widely used on a range of Application-specific integrated

circuit|ASIC and SoC parts including applications processors used in

modern portable mobile devices like smartphones


Leapster - Technical specifications

1 *CPU: Custom Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC containing an

ARCTangent 5.1 CPU, running at 96MHz.


James Webb Space Telescope - Construction and engineering

1 The conversion of the analog science data to digital form is performed by

the custom-built SIDECAR ASIC ('S'ystem for 'I'mage 'D'igitization,

'E'nhancement, 'C'ontrol 'A'nd 'R'etrieval Application-specific integrated circuit|'A'pplication 'S'pecific 'I'ntegrated 'C'ircuit)


Hot-swapping - Power electronics

1 Hot-swap power circuits can now be purchased commercially in specially

designed Application-specific integrated circuit|ASICs called hot-swap power managers (HSPMs).


EDRAM

1 'eDRAM' stands for System on a chip|embedded Dynamic Random Access

Memory|DRAM, a capacitor-based dynamic random-access memory

integrated on the same Die (integrated circuit)|die or Multi-chip module|module as an Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC or

Microprocessor|processor


Mali (GPU)

1 The 'Mali' series of graphics processing units (GPUs) are

semiconductor intellectual property cores produced by ARM Holdings for

licensing in various Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC

designs by ARM partners.


Family Computer Disk System

1 The RAM adapter contains 32kilobytes (KB) of RAM for

temporary program storage, 8KB of RAM for tile and Sprite (computer

graphics)|sprite data storage, and an Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC known as the 2C33


Display controller - Alternatives to a VDC chip

1 An often used hybrid solution was to use a video interface controller (often the

Motorola 6845) as a basis and expand its capabilities with programmable logic or an Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC. An example of such a hybrid solution is the

original VGA card, that used an 6845 in combination with an ASIC, that is the reason

why all current VGA based video systems still use the hardware registers that were

provided by the 6845.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-application-specific-integrated-circuit-toolkit.html

Stream Processors, Inc - The Imagine Project

1 special-purpose processor (such as a hard-wired Application-specific

integrated circuit|ASIC). The project successfully demonstrated the

advantages of stream processing. Details on the Imagine project and its

results are posted


Denial-of-service - IPS based prevention

1 An Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC based IPS may detect and block denial-of-service attacks because they have the clock rate|

processing power and the granularity to analyze the attacks and act like a circuit breaker in an automated way.


Apple Desktop Bus - Physical

1 The decoding transceiver Application-specific integrated

circuit|ASIC was available only by request, as Apple preferred to work more closely with vendors. Apple possibly sold this hardware below

cost to encourage peripheral development and their own economy

of scale. In the Macintosh SE, the ADB is implemented in an Apple

branded PIC microcontroller|Microchip PIC16CR54 Microcontroller.


System Packet Interface

1 Another application of this interface might be between a packet processor

Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC and a traffic manager

device.


Free and open source hardware

1 Since the rise of reconfigurable programmable logic devices, sharing of logic designs has been a form of open source hardware. Instead of the

schematics, hardware description language (HDL) code is shared. HDL descriptions are commonly used to set up system-on-a-chip systems either in field-programmable gate

arrays (FPGA) or directly in application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) designs. HDL modules,

when distributed, are called semiconductor intellectual property cores, or IP cores.


Integrated circuit design

1 Digital IC design is to produce components such as

microprocessors, FPGAs, memories (Random-access memory|RAM, Read-

only memory|ROM, and flash memory|flash) and digital

Application-specific integrated circuit|ASICs


Integrated circuit design - Analog design

1 Computerized circuit simulation tools enable greater IC design complexity than hand calculations can achieve,

making the design of analog Application-specific integrated

circuit|ASICs practical


DEFLATE - Hardware encoders

1 The hardware is based on a Xilinx Virtex (FPGA)|Virtex FPGA and four

custom AHA3601 Application-specific integrated circuit|ASICs


Science of photography - Focus

1 The autofocus system in modern Single-lens reflex camera|SLRs use a detector|

sensor in the mirrorbox to measure contrast. The sensor's signal is analyzed by

an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and the ASIC tries to maximize the contrast pattern by moving lens elements. The ASICs in modern cameras also have special algorithms for predicting motion,

and other advanced features.


Logic family - On-chip design styles

1 Several techniques and design styles are primarily used in designing large

single-chip application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) and CPUs,

rather than generic logic families intended for use in multi-chip

applications.


Depletion-load NMOS logic - The HMOS processes

1 In the early to mid-1980s, CMOS was still quite slow and used mostly for the 4000 series, Static RAMs, and

low-power Application-specific integrated circuit|ASICs (such as watch#display#digital|watch and

calculator ICs)


NMOS logic

1 However, older and/or slower static CMOS circuits used for Application-

specific integrated circuit|ASICs, Static Random Access Memory|SRAM

etc., typically have very low static power consumption.


Qualcomm Brew - Software

1 For software developers, Brew MP is a full set of application programming interfaces (API) that enables making

software and applications in C (programming language)|C, C++,

Java (programming language)|Java, and is supported (platform) by an

application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). It has a memory footprint of about 15,900 kilobyte|K. Brew MP

runs on Brew RTOS.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-application-specific-integrated-circuit-toolkit.html

ESi-RISC

1 Each of these processors is licensed as soft IP cores, suitable for

integrating into both Application-specific integrated circuit|ASICs and

FPGAs.[http://www.eetimes.eu/design/221800121] EE Times, 17 November

2009


VLSI Technology

1 'VLSI Technology, Inc' was a company which designed and manufactured custom and semi-custom Integrated circuit|ICs. The

company was based in Silicon Valley, with headquarters at 1109 McKay Drive in San Jose, California. Along with LSI Logic, VLSI Technology defined the leading edge of the application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)

business, which accelerated the push of powerful embedded systems into affordable

products.


LSI-11 - Q-bus models

1 *Mentec M1 — Processor upgrade board; microcode implementation of

PDP-11 instruction set by Mentec, using Atmel 0.35Micrometre|μm Application-specific integrated

circuit|ASIC.


JTAG - Example: ARM11 debug TAP

1 So this is a non-trivial example, which is representative of a significant cross section

of JTAG-enabled systems. In addition, it shows how control mechanisms are built

using JTAG's register read/write primitives, and how those combine to facilitate testing

and debugging complex logic elements; CPUs are common, but FPGAs and

Application-specific integrated circuit|ASICs include other complex elements which need

to be debugged.


WDC 65C02 - Introduction and features

1 WDC makes a Verilog hardware description model available for designing the 65C02 core into application-specific integrated

circuit|ASICs and field-programmable gate array|FPGAs. As is common in the

semiconductor industry, the company also provides a development system, which

includes a List of microprocessor development boards|developer board, an in-

circuit emulator (ICE) and a software development system.


Espresso heuristic logic minimizer - Espresso algorithm

1 For implementing a function in multi-level logic, the minimization result is

optimized by factorization and mapped onto the available basic

logic cells in the target technology, whether this concerns an Field-

programmable gate array|FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) or an Application-specific integrated

circuit|ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit).


Digital control

1 Depending on the requirements, a digital control system can take the

form of a microcontroller to an Application-specific integrated

circuit|ASIC to a standard desktop computer.


WDC 65816/65802 - History

1 For designers who wish to include W65C816S functionality into a

custom Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC, WDC offers RTL (register-transfer level) code in

Verilog.


Automatic teller machine - Hardware

1 Due to heavier computing demands and the falling price of personal computer-like


microcontrollers or application-specific integrated circuits and have adopted the

hardware architecture of a personal computer, such as USB connections for

peripherals, Ethernet and IP communications, and use personal computer

operating systems.


Processor - Integrated circuits

1 ** Application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a microprocessor

designed for a particular use case, rather than intended for general-

purpose use


LatticeMico32

1 LatticeMico32 is licensed under a free (IP) core license. This means that the Mico32 is not restricted to Lattice FPGAs, and can be legally used on any host architecture (FPGA, Application-specific integrated

circuit|ASIC, or software emulation). It is possible to embed a LatticeMico32 core into Xilinx and Altera FPGAs, in addition

to the Lattice Semiconductor|Lattice parts the LatticeMico32 was developed for.


Sirius radio - Signal architecture and early prototypes

1 Early prototypes were followed by a number of generations of

Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC custom designed

chipsets, supplied at first by Agere Systems and later supplied by Agere

Systems and their competitor ST microelectronics.


Sirius radio - Receiver technology

1 The tuner is also a custom Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC, the STA210


Western Design Center

1 In addition to the discrete devices, WDC offers device designs in the form of IP cores to be used inside other chips (such as application-

specific integrated circuit|ASICs), and provides ASIC and embedded systems consulting services

revolving around their processor designs


Pica8 - History

1 In 2010, Pica8 was selling 48-port gigabit Ethernet and 10-gigabit Ethernet switches at half the price of comparable products of Force10 and Arista Networks. It achieved

such result through combining open source software with merchant Application-specific

integrated circuit|ASICs (from companies like Broadcom, Marvell Technology Group|

Marvell, and Intel|Intel/Fulcrum) on switches from white-box vendors.


Video Coding Experts Group - Video coding standards

1 As has been the case with past standards, its design provides a

balance between the coding efficiency, implementation

complexity, and cost based on state of Very-large-scale integration|VLSI

design technology (CPUs, Digital signal processor|DSPs, Application-

specific integrated circuit|ASICs, FPGAs, etc.).


Ethernet port - Bridging and switching

1 The eventual remedy for this was a return to the original store and

forward approach of bridging, where the packet would be read into a

buffer on the switch in its entirety, verified against its checksum and then forwarded, but using more

powerful application-specific integrated circuits


Diode matrix - History

1 Some modern microprocessors and application-specific integrated

circuits (ASICs) use a diode matrix or transistor matrix control store


Pirate decryption - Technical issues

1 The addition of an application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC took

the battle between the system designers and pirates to another

level and it bought BSkyB at least six months of almost piracy-free

broadcasting before the pirate Sky 10 cards appeared on the market in

1996


Pirate decryption - Technical issues

1 The DirecTV F card was replaced with the H card, which contained an application-specific

integrated circuit to handle decryption. However, due to similarities between the H and other existing cards, it became apparent that while the signal could not be received without the card and its application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC, the card itself was vulnerable to

tampering by reprogramming it to add channel tiers or additional programming, opening TV channels to the prying eyes of the pirates.


Pirate decryption - ISO/IEC 7816 smartcard terminology

1 As some encryption systems require an application-specific IC

(Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC) on the card to perform

decryption, a pirate would also use a card which had been auxed

(reprogrammed to pass received computer data directly to the

application-specific decryption chip) in order to employ such an emulation

systemhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-application-specific-integrated-circuit-toolkit.html

Network appliance - Internal structure

1 # 'Special chip' - the vendor builds an Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC, without any separate software or operating

system. The appliance has a limited interface, usually terminal console or web-based, to

allow some basic configuration by the IT staff. The manufacturer often provides some way of accessing deeper configuration mechanisms. Azul Systems' Vega 3 Java Compute Appliance is an example; special hardware modifications

to the chip enable Java application scaling.


Amstrad CPC - Video

1 Underlying a CPC's video output is the unusual pairing of a Cathode Ray Tube Controller|CRTC (Motorola 6845

or compatible) with a custom-designed gate array to generate a

pixel display output. CPC6128s later in production as well as the models from the plus range integrate both

the CRTC and the gate array's functions with the system's

Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC.


TRS-80 CoCo - Color Computer 3 (1986–1991)

1 The CoCo 3 was compatible with most of the CoCo 2's peripherals.

Most older software ran on it. Taking the place of the graphics and

memory hardware in the CoCo 1 and 2 was an application-specific

integrated circuit (ASIC) called the GIME (Graphics Interrupt Memory

Enhancement) chip. The GIME also provided additional features:


Expeed

1 In each generation Nikon uses different versions for its professional and consumer

Digital single-lens reflex camera|DSLRs and MILCs, whereas its compact cameras use

totally different architectures. This is different from for example Canon Inc.|Canons DIGIC:

Its professional DSLRs double the processors of its consumer series. The Expeed is an

application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) built by Fujitsu specifically for Nikon designs

according to Nikon specifications.


Expeed - Variants

1 Fujitsu specifies each Milbeaut generation with different numbers of processors. Nikon

gives no details, but uses different designated processors in its professional and consumer

lines. Although the Milbeaut (Expeed) is used in different Nikon designs and by other manufacturers, the software/firmware

specifies many of its functions and details and the number of processors or included

modules may vary in this Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC.


Panasonic M2 - Technical specifications

1 *Custom Application-specific integrated circuit|ASICs


Controller–area network - Licensing

1 Bosch holds patents on the technology, and manufacturers of

CAN-compatible microprocessors pay license fees to Bosch, which are

normally passed on to the customer in the price of the chip.

Manufacturers of products with custom Application-specific

integrated circuit|ASICs or FPGAs containing CAN-compatible modules may need to pay a fee for the CAN

Protocol License.


Cash machine - Hardware

1 Due to heavier computing demands and the falling price of personal computer–like


microcontrollers or application-specific integrated circuits and have adopted the

hardware architecture of a personal computer, such as USB connections for

peripherals, Ethernet and IP communications, and use personal computer

operating systems.


PSoC - Overview

1 PSoC resembles an Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC:

blocks can be assigned a wide range of functions and interconnected on-

chip. Unlike an ASIC, there is no special manufacturing process required to create the custom

configuration - only startup code that is created by Cypress' PSoC Designer

(for PSoC 1) or PSoC Creator (for PSoC 3 / 4 / 5) Integrated

development environment|IDE.


Ericcson - Ericsson Mobile Platforms

1 The product offering included reference designs, platform software, application-specific integrated circuit

(ASIC) designs and development boards, development and test tools,

training, support and documentation. Ericsson Mobile Platforms had

operations at nine global locations, with main operations in Sweden.


Intel Paragon - Compute nodes

1 The B-NIC Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC is the square

chip with the circular heat-sink.


Fujitsu FR - Applications

1 They are used to control previous versions of Milbeaut signal processors specialized for image processor|image processing.[http://www.fujitsu.com/global/news/pr/archi

ves/month/2005/20050207-01.html Fujitsu Develops Multi-core Processor for High-Performance Digital

Consumer Products][http://www.fujitsu.com/global/services/microel

ectronics/product/assp/milbeaut/ Fujitsu: Milbeaut Imaging Processors] Although variants of the 6th

generation in 2011 and later generations changed to dual-core ARM architecture, Application-specific

standard product|ASSP/Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC variants with FR controller are continued.


In-target probe

1 'In-target probe', or 'ITP' is a device used in computer hardware

and microprocessor design, to control a target microprocessor or similar

Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC at the register level


Nikon D2H - D2Hs

1 Nikon also reported improved noise reduction at high sensor sensitivities. The Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC image processing was changed to 12-bit from the original D2H 8-bit. Auto Color

temperature|White Balance was altered with improved low color temperature lighting, mixed ambient, and speedlight lighting. SYCC color space was added, and Exif

compliance was adjusted from Exif 2.2 to Exif 2.21, DCF 2.0, and DPOF.


Sanjay Jha - Career

1 Jha began his career at Qualcomm in 1994 as a senior engineer with the

Qualcomm very-large-scale integration group working on the

Globalstar satellite phone, and later on the first 13k vocoder application-specific integrated circuit, which was

integrated into Qualcomm's MSM2200 chipset


ZiLOG - Products

1 After the Z80 Zilog introduced the 16-bit Z8000 and 32-bit Z80000 processors, but these were not particularly successful, and the

company refocused on the microcontroller market, producing both basic CPUs and application-

specific integrated circuit|application-specific integrated circuits/standard products (ASICs/ASSPs) built around

a CPU corehttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-application-specific-integrated-circuit-toolkit.html

Software rendering

1 Rendering, the last step in an animation process, gives the final appearance to the

models and animation with visual effects such as shading, texture-mapping, shadows,

reflections and motion blurs.http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/item?id=17940930siteID=123112 In the context of

rendering (computer graphics), software rendering refers to a rendering process that is absent Application-specific integrated circuit|

ASICs for graphics hardware, such as a graphics card


Softmodem - Evolution and technology

1 As more sophisticated transmission schemes were devised, the circuits grew in complexity, mixing analog with digital parts and eventually incorporating multiple

integrated circuit|ICs such as logical gates, PLLs and microcontrollers, while the techniques used in modern

V.34 (recommendation)|V.34, V.90 (recommendation)|V.90 and V.92 protocols (like 1024-Quadrature amplitude

modulation|QAM) are so complex that implementing a modem supporting them with discrete components or general purpose IC's would be very impractical, and a dedicated Digital signal processor|DSP or Application-

specific integrated circuit|ASIC is used instead, effectively turning the modem into a special embedded system, a

dedicated computer in its own right.


Anoto - Products

1 In addition, Anoto sells an Application-specific integrated

circuit|ASIC design for the image processing component of the pen; most pen licencees use the same

basic design of optical assembly and pen internals


For More Information, Visit:

• https://store.theartofservice.com/the-application-specific-integrated-circuit-toolkit.html

The Art of Servicehttps://store.theartofservice.com






Application-Specific Integrated Circuit .

Documents

Transcript of Application-Specific Integrated Circuit .