Application of WEAP for Application of WEAP for Holistic Water Resources Holistic Water Resources

Management in MAManagement in MA

Brian Joyce& Jack Sieber - Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI)Paul Kirshen - Tufts UniversityDavid Mitchell - M.Cubed

MA Water Resources Conference – April 8, 2008

Project GoalsProject Goals

To demonstrate a holistic approach to water To demonstrate a holistic approach to water supply, wastewater, and storm water supply, wastewater, and storm water management for Massachusetts municipalities.management for Massachusetts municipalities.Assist a community working on water resources Assist a community working on water resources management planning and decision making.management planning and decision making.

WEAP Credits WEAP Credits

WEAP was conceived by Paul WEAP was conceived by Paul RaskinRaskin, President of , President of TellusTellusInstitute, and developed under his supervision until 2001. Many Institute, and developed under his supervision until 2001. Many have contributed to the development and application of WEAP have contributed to the development and application of WEAP since its inception. We would like to acknowledge, in particularsince its inception. We would like to acknowledge, in particular, , Paul Paul RaskinRaskin, Eugene , Eugene StakhivStakhiv, Ken , Ken StrzepekStrzepek, , ZhongpingZhongping Zhu, Bill Zhu, Bill Johnson, Evan Hansen, Charlie Heaps, Dmitry Johnson, Evan Hansen, Charlie Heaps, Dmitry StaviskyStavisky, Mimi , Mimi Jenkins, Jack Jenkins, Jack SieberSieber, Paul Kirshen, Tom , Paul Kirshen, Tom VottaVotta, David , David PurkeyPurkey, , Jimmy Henson, Alyssa Holt Jimmy Henson, Alyssa Holt McCluskyMcClusky, Eric Kemp, Eric Kemp--Benedict, Benedict, Annette HuberAnnette Huber--Lee, David Yates, Peter Lee, David Yates, Peter DroogersDroogers, Pete , Pete LoucksLoucks, , Jeff Jeff RosenblumRosenblum, Winston Yu, Chris Swartz, Sylvain , Winston Yu, Chris Swartz, Sylvain HermonHermon, , Kate Kate EmansEmans, Dong, Dong--RyulRyul Lee, David Michaud, Chuck Young, Lee, David Michaud, Chuck Young, Martha Martha FernandesFernandes, Brian Joyce, , Brian Joyce, DaeneDaene McKinney, Johannes McKinney, Johannes WolferWolfer, Markus Huber, , Markus Huber, MahmoudMahmoud Al Al SibaiSibai and Abdullah and Abdullah DroubiDroubi..

WEAPWEAPRepresents major components of a managed water Represents major components of a managed water resources systemresources systemBasic methodology: physical simulation of water Basic methodology: physical simulation of water demands and suppliesdemands and suppliesAllocates water based upon a system of prioritiesAllocates water based upon a system of prioritiesClimate driven hydrology module generates stream flowClimate driven hydrology module generates stream flowTracks pollution generation, water quality, and Tracks pollution generation, water quality, and wastewater treatmentwastewater treatmentFinancial module calculates costs and revenuesFinancial module calculates costs and revenuesScenarios analysis used Scenarios analysis used to assess water requirements, costs and environmental impacts of proposed of proposed management changesmanagement changesPC basedPC based

WEAP CapabilitiesWEAP CapabilitiesCan doCan do

High level planning and High level planning and strategic analysis at local, strategic analysis at local, national and regional national and regional scalesscalesDemand managementDemand managementWater allocationWater allocation

Cannot doCannot do

Daily operationsDaily operationsLeastLeast--cost optimization cost optimization of supply and demandof supply and demand

SuppliesSuppliesRiversRiversGroundwater Groundwater

storage capacitystorage capacitymaximum monthly withdrawalmaximum monthly withdrawalnatural rechargenatural recharge

Diversions (e.g. canals, pipelines)Diversions (e.g. canals, pipelines)Reservoirs Reservoirs Other (e.g. desalination)Other (e.g. desalination)

Sectoral Water DemandsSectoral Water Demands

Irrigation

Livestock

Mining

IndustrialCommercial

Ecosystems

DomesticTotal Water Demand

Major Cities

Examples of AnalysesExamples of AnalysesSectoral demand analysesSectoral demand analysesWater conservationWater conservationWater rights and allocation prioritiesWater rights and allocation prioritiesGroundwater and streamflow simulationsGroundwater and streamflow simulationsReservoir operationsReservoir operationsHydropower generationHydropower generationPollution trackingPollution trackingEcosystem requirementsEcosystem requirementsUsed Globally Used Globally

Schematic ViewSchematic View

Click and drag to create a

new demand site

Illustrative Demand StructureIllustrative Demand Structure

Agriculture

Industry

Municipal

CottonRiceWheat...

Electric PowerPetroleumPaper...

South CityWest City...

Irrigation...

CoolingProcessingOthers

Single FamilyMulti-family...

FurrowSprinklerDrip

StandardEfficient...

KitchenBathingWasherToilet...

SECTOR SUBSECTOR END-USE DEVICE

Data ViewData ViewData is displayed numerically and

graphically

Mass balance equationsMass balance equations are the foundation of are the foundation of WEAP'sWEAP's monthly water accounting: total monthly water accounting: total inflows equal total outflows, net of any change inflows equal total outflows, net of any change in storage (in reservoirs and aquifers). Every in storage (in reservoirs and aquifers). Every node and link in WEAP has a mass balance node and link in WEAP has a mass balance equation, and some have additional equations equation, and some have additional equations which constrain their flows. which constrain their flows. Inflow A = Outflow A Inflow A = Outflow A –– Storage Change AStorage Change A

OverviewsOverviewsFavorite charts

can be selected to give quick overviews

““UrbanUrban”” WEAP EnhancementsWEAP Enhancements

New features allow the user to include the following:New features allow the user to include the following:Infiltration and InflowInfiltration and Inflow from groundwater to sewage from groundwater to sewage collection systems.collection systems.Infiltration Basins & Retention PondsInfiltration Basins & Retention Ponds as management as management practices. practices. Display of UserDisplay of User--Defined Performance Measures as Defined Performance Measures as Results. Results. Tiered Water PricingTiered Water Pricing policies as a means of promoting policies as a means of promoting demand management.demand management.Combined Sewer Overflows Combined Sewer Overflows ((CSOsCSOs) ) that pose potential that pose potential risks to public health and aquatic life, because they discharge risks to public health and aquatic life, because they discharge chemicals and diseasechemicals and disease--causing pathogens directly into waterways.causing pathogens directly into waterways.

Study Definition:Study Definition:HydrographyHydrography

LakeMassapoag

BeaverBrook

MassapoagBrook

BillingsBrook

CanoeRiver

TrapholeBrook

School MeadowBrook

Middle Neponset

River

SteepHill

Brook

LittleCanoeRiver

SpringBrook

RattlesnakeCreek

BorderlandState Park

SpringValley

UpperMassapoag

Brook

Sharon, MAHydrographyN

1 0 1 2 MilesTown BoundariesSubbasinsLakes & PondsStreams

Current Accounts:Current Accounts:Land UseLand Use

LakeMassapoag

Sharon, MALand Use

N

1 0 1 2 Miles

Land useCommercialCroplandForestIndustrialMiningOpen LandParticipation RecreationPastureResidentialTransportationUrban OpenWaterWater Based RecreationWetlandWoody Perennial

Lakes & PondsStreams

Land Use Areas for WEAP Sub-Basins (acres)

Current Accounts:Current Accounts:ClimateClimate

Average Daily Precipitation and Temperature (1980 – 2003)

Study Definition:Study Definition:Water Supply & Delivery SystemWater Supply & Delivery System

$T

$T

$T

$T

ÊÚ

ÊÚ

ÊÚ

ÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚ

ÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚ

LakeMassapoag

Well #5

Well #3

Well #4

Well #6

Well #7

Well #2

Upland Rd Tank

Moose Hill Tank

Hampton Rd Tank

Massapoag Ave Tank

Sharon, MAWater Supply System

N

1 0 1 2 MilesTown BoundariesWater Mains

$T Water TanksLakes & PondsStreams

ÊÚ Wells

Current Accounts:Current Accounts:Annual DemandsAnnual Demands

Average Water Use RatesAverage Water Use Rates•• Residential Residential = 61 gallons/day/person, with 3.25 people/household= 61 gallons/day/person, with 3.25 people/household•• High Density = 130 gallons/day/housing unitHigh Density = 130 gallons/day/housing unit•• CommercialCommercial = 500 gallons/day/building= 500 gallons/day/building

•• System LossesSystem Losses = 8 %= 8 %•• Total Annual Demands Total Annual Demands = 465 Million Gallons= 465 Million Gallons

Current Accounts:Current Accounts:Demand VariationDemand Variation

-2468

101214161820

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51

Week

Wee

kly

Gro

undw

ater

Pum

ping

(Mill

ion

Gal

lons

)

2000 20012002 20032004 20052006 5wk Average

Weekly Groundwater Pumping

0%

3%

6%

9%

12%

15%

Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri

Perc

ent o

f Wee

kly

Tota

l

Distribution of Groundwater Pumping

0.00%

0.01%

0.02%

0.03%

0.04%

0.05%

0.06%1-

Jan

1-Fe

b

1-M

ar

1-Ap

r

1-M

ay

1-Ju

n

1-Ju

l

1-A

ug

1-S

ep

1-O

ct

1-N

ov

1-D

ec

Perc

ent o

f Tot

al A

nnua

l Dem

and

Daily Variation of Demands

ScenariosScenarios

Issues to explore:Issues to explore:Impacts on water supply, runoff and wastewater Impacts on water supply, runoff and wastewater from proposed high density developments and from proposed high density developments and continued commercial and residential growth.continued commercial and residential growth.Possible use of emergency water supply from the Possible use of emergency water supply from the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority.Massachusetts Water Resources Authority.The use of The use of stormwaterstormwater harvesting to facilitate harvesting to facilitate groundwater recharge into the aquifer used for groundwater recharge into the aquifer used for water supply.water supply.Replacing the Cedar Swamp drainage ditchReplacing the Cedar Swamp drainage ditch

Protection of Cedar SwampProtection of Cedar Swamp

Important for aquifer recharge, and habitantImportant for aquifer recharge, and habitant

Drainage ditch to prevent basin flooding and Drainage ditch to prevent basin flooding and protect septic systemsprotect septic systemsPlanPlan-- replace ditch by drainage culvertreplace ditch by drainage culvert-- sewer area, provide package WWTP, effluent sewer area, provide package WWTP, effluent

to a farmto a farm

Redirect Redirect Return Flows Return Flows to WWTP and to WWTP and IrrigationIrrigation

SummarySummary

Enhanced WEAP model can be used to Enhanced WEAP model can be used to evaluate evaluate ““withwith”” and and ““withoutwithout”” development development scenarios to determine the physical impacts to scenarios to determine the physical impacts to streamflowstreamflow and associated opportunity costs in and associated opportunity costs in terms of forgone amenity recreation and fish terms of forgone amenity recreation and fish and wildlife habitat and wildlife habitat WEAP can be used to calculate the costs of WEAP can be used to calculate the costs of projects that could physically mitigate projects that could physically mitigate streamflowstreamflow impacts.impacts.

AvailabilityAvailability

Evaluation version available from Evaluation version available from http://www.weap21.orghttp://www.weap21.orgNoNo--cost license to many organizations, cost license to many organizations, egeg ,all ,all MA municipalities. MA municipalities. Training is available from SEITraining is available from SEI--Boston.Boston.