Application of the New Scenario Framework for Climate ... of the New Scenario Framework for Climate...

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Application of the New Scenario Framework for Climate Change Research: Human Vulnerability Scenarios of Human Vulnerability to Heat Stress in European Regions Guillaume Rohat 1 , Johannes Flacke 2 , Hy Dao 1,3 1 Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland 2 Faculty of GeoInformation Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, The Netherlands 3 United Nations Environment Programme DEWA/GRIDGeneva, Switzerland EGU General Assembly 2016 – [email protected]

Transcript of Application of the New Scenario Framework for Climate ... of the New Scenario Framework for Climate...

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Application of the New Scenario Framework for Climate Change Research: Human Vulnerability

Scenarios of Human Vulnerability to Heat Stress in European Regions

Guillaume Rohat1, Johannes Flacke2, Hy Dao1,3

1Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland2Faculty of Geo‐Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, The Netherlands

3United Nations Environment Programme DEWA/GRID‐Geneva, Switzerland

EGU General Assembly 2016 – [email protected]

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Rationale – 1 

Füssel H. and Klein R.J.T. (2006) Climate change vulnerability assessments: An evolution of conceptual thinking. Climatic Change 75: 301‐329

Definition: 

Human vulnerability to climate change = socioeconomic sensitivity       ‐ socioeconomic adaptive capacity + climate change exposure

So far, most (if not all) future human vulnerability  assessments arebased on:

o Climatic projections (scenarios, GCMs, RCMs)o Current socioeconomic conditions (lack ofprojected data and lack of frameworks)

Do not consider the influence of socioeconomic  development pathways on future human vulnerability

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Rationale – 2 

The new scenario framework for climate change research addressesthis issue. It is made of:

o SSPs: Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (socioeconomicscenarios)

o RCPs: Representative  Concentration Pathways (climatescenarios)

o [ SPAs: Shared Policy Assumptions ]

These elements are combined together in a Scenario Matrix Architecture (SMA)

We attempt to illustrate the applicability of this framework: Case‐study: Assessment of future human vulnerability to 

climate change‐induced heat stress in European regions

van Vuuren D.P. et al. (2014) A new scenario framework for climate change research: Scenario matrix architecture. Climatic Change 122: 373‐386

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Overall Methodology

Climatic component (exposure)

Socioeconomic component 

(sensitivity and adaptive capacity)

Combinations

Production of scenarios of human vulnerability to climate change

Quantitative projections of the indicators

Selection of scenarios and key indicators 

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European Regions – NUTS

Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS)Administrative units  Policy‐relevant

NUTS‐2: 

o 271 European regions o Administrative units(regions, provinces, counties, …)

o 28 countries o 500 millions inhabitants o 4 millions km²o Heterogeneous (e.g. population densityranging from 2.7 to 9’620 inhab/km²)

http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/nuts/overview 

GDP per capita           [2010]          Population density 

(‐)                                    (+) 

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Socioeconomic Component – 1 

Scenarios: 

1. Selection of European socioeconomic scenarios, developed within ESPON research projects, up to 2030.

https://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_ProjectOverview/ 

Indicators (equal weights): 

GDP per capita                    Education level                      Population density   Urban land take                 Old dependency ratio

Projections at NUTS‐2 scale made available within ESPON.

2.     Matching of  these European scenarios with global SSPs.

SSP2: Business‐as‐usual ; SSP5: Fossil‐fueled development

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(+)

(‐)

Socioeconomic Component – 2 

Current and future conditions (2 scenarios, 2030) of the socioeconomic component (combined socioeconomic sensitivity and adaptive capacity)

The different socioeconomic pathways greatly influence the socioeconomic sensitivity and adaptive capacity

Socioeconomic sensitivity

(including adaptive capacity)

[Current] [SSP5][SSP2]

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Climatic Component – 1 

Multi‐model ensembles projections of climatic variables made available within EURO‐CORDEX project. Daily data, high‐resolution (12.5 km). 

http://www.euro‐cordex.net/ 

Scenarios RCP 2.6 RCP 8.5

Radiative forcing Low High

European mean surface temperature increase (2050) 1.0 °C 2.0 °C

Scenarios: selection of two RCPs. 

Indicator of heat exposure: changes of the average daily max temperature in summer months (JJA), from the reference period (2000‐2010) to the projected period (2025‐2035). 

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(+)

(‐)

Climatic Component – 2 

Heat Exposure in 2030, at NUTS‐2 scale, for two RCPs:

Heat exposure

[RCP 8.5][RCP 2.6]

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Combinations

Combinations of socioeconomic and climatic scenarios (equalweights between the two components):

Current SSP2 SSP5

RCP 2.6 X X X

RCP 8.5 X X X

Some scenarios are more likely than others:

A combination of a low radiative forcing (RCP 2.6) with a fossil‐fueled development (SSP5) is very unlikely to happen. 

6 scenarios of human vulnerability to heat stress for 271 European regions, in 2030. 

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(+)

(‐)

Vulnerability Scenarios – 1 

Human vulnerability to heat stress

[SSP5 * RCP2.6]

[SSP5*RCP8.5]

[Current*RCP2.6]

[SSP2 * RCP8.5]

[SSP2 * RCP2.6]

[Current * RCP8.5]

The production of vulnerability scenarios is relevant to study the impacts of different climatic and socioeconomic pathways (and their combinations)    on future human vulnerability. 

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Vulnerability Scenarios – 2

The different socioeconomic pathways influence the future humanvulnerability to heat stress, under each climatic scenario. As expected, the“business‐as‐usual” socioeconomic scenario leads to the greatestvulnerability levels.  

0

20

40

60

80

0 0.2 0.4 0.6

Freq

uenc

y

Human vulnerability from low (0) to high (1)

Current * RCP2.6

SSP2 * RCP2.6

SSP5 * RCP2.6

0

20

40

60

0 0.2 0.4 0.6Freq

uenc

y

Human vulnerability from low (0) to high (1)

Current * RCP8.5

SSP2 * RCP8.5

SSP5 * RCP8.5

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Conclusion

Future human vulnerability based on future socioeconomic conditions issignificantly different than the one based on current conditions. 

The new scenario framework for climate change research providesuseful guidelines and methods to produce vulnerability scenarios. 

However,

o This framework is rather new and has not been used much (yet?) inthe field of vulnerability assessment. 

o Reliable quantifications of socioeconomic indicators are still hard tofind, although the quantification of SSPs key indicators is ongoing. 

o Pros and cons of using projected socioeconomic rather than currentsocioeconomic conditions to assess future human vulnerability have to beidentified and quantified. 

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Questions?

Thank you very much for your attention!

Any questions?

[email protected]