Application of the HD ratio to IPv4 [prop-020-v001]
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Application of the HD ratio to IPv4[prop-020-v001]
Policy SIG
1 Sept 2004
APNIC18, Nadi, Fiji
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Document history
• APNIC16 ‘informational’ presentation• Idea favourably supported
• Presentation ‘world tour’ • Considered at RIPE, ARIN and LACNIC meetings (more later)
• Submitted as a ‘proposal’• Posted to sig-policy mailing list on 4 Aug
• http://www.apnic.net/mailing-lists/sig-policy/archive/2004/08/msg00001.html
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What is the proposal?
• Defining the threshold for requesting subsequent allocations
• Replace fixed 80% measure of utilisation with a variable % measure
• Motivation• To apply a fairer and more just measure of utilisation
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Current situation
• IPv4 policy• Fixed 80% utilisation requirement
• Once 80% is sub-allocated or assigned, LIR can request additional block
• Same 80% threshold for all address allocations• Regardless of size
• IPv6 policy• Variable % utilisation requirement
• Different % threshold for different sized address allocations
• Recognises utilisation efficiency is related to size of block
• Larger address allocation, lower utilisation threshold
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Problem statement
• Feedback to Secretariat
• Larger LIRs have difficulty in meeting 80%
• Unlike IPv6, no allowance for hierarchy in managing network addresses
• “One size fits all” approach is unfair
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Basis of proposal
• There is a relationship between the size of a network and the administrative complexity of managing address space of the network
• As a network grows the diversity and complexity in service types and product offerings increases
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More ‘efficient’ with less hierarchy
RIR
ISP
…Customers and
Infrastructure
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‘Efficiency’ loss through hierarchy
RIR
ISP
…
“Intern
al” Hiera
rchy
Customers and Infrastructure
Deeper hierarchy = lower efficiency
Regions/POPs
Services
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Utilisation ‘efficiency’
• Address management “efficiency” decreases as network becomes more hierarchical• 80% at 3 levels of hierarchy is 51.2% overall
• With a fixed utilisation we assume 100% efficiency at lower levels
• Proportion of address “padding” increases with more hierarchy
• Tends to occur in larger networks • Greater diversity of services and infrastructure
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Proposes use of Host-Density ratio
• Measures utilisation in hierarchically managed address space
• An HD-ratio value corresponds to a % utilisation
• % utilisation decreases as the size of the address space grows
• The HD-ratio has been adopted for IPv6
)log(
)log(
addresses total
addresses host utilisedHDRFC3194
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Selection of the HD ratio value
Size range
(prefix)
Depth
(n)
Utilisation (0.80*n)
HD ratio (calculated)
/24 to /20 1 80% .960 to .973
/20 to /16 1.5 72% .961 to .970
/16 to /12 2 64% .960 to .968
/12 to /8 2.5 57.2% .960 to .966
/8 to /4 3 51.20% .960 to .966
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Proposed flexible utilisation
0%
10%
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30%
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80%
90%
100%
32 28 24 20 16 12 8
0%
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80%
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100%
32 28 24 20 16 12 8
0%
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70%
80%
90%
100%
32 28 24 20 16 12 8
0%
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32 28 24 20 16 12 8
80% rule
/21 minimum allocation
0.960.9720.98
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Proposal summary
• Proposes a realistic measure of ‘utilisation’• Recognises larger networks have greater diversity and network hierarchy
• Uses a simple lookup table • No need to do calculations• APNIC secretariat will develop tools
• Benefit• Fairer system• Amends current penalty applied to larger networks
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Feedback received on ML
• Why not lower the utilisation threshold instead – say 70%
• Unnecessarily lenient with smaller network and still may not accommodate need for larger networks
• HD ratio is the wrong measure• What is the “best fit” to gradual decrease in
“efficiency”?• Linear ‘fit’ does not accept argument of overhead in
hierarchy
• Concern about impact to utilisation• Use more conservative HD ratio value
• Smaller networks also have difficulty?
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Impact on NIRs
• NIRs expected to conduct an OPM with a view to a consistent policy• The time-frame for implementation at discretion of the NIR
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Status in other regions
• ARIN XII• Similar proposal raised and discussed
• Proposal abandoned as “too complex”
• LACNIC VI• Presented by APNIC staff as informational only
• RIPE 48• Presented by APNIC staff as informational only
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Thank you!
• Questions?
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Proposal summary
• Proposes a realistic measure of ‘utilisation’• Recognises larger networks have greater product diversity and network hierarchy
• Uses a simple lookup table • No need to do calculations• APNIC secretariat will develop tools
• Benefit• Fairer system• Amends current penalty applied to larger networks